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Who Are You? Culture Unit Study Guide
1.
Define culture and cultural traits- Culture is all learned behavior, cultural traits are the
smallest part of culture (like books we read or utensils we use to eat with)
2. innovation- When a culture comes up with a new idea
3. diffusion- when a new idea spreads
4. acculturation- when a culture accepts a new idea and makes it part of their culture
5. language and identity- there are over 3,000 languages.
a group.
Sharing a common language can unify
6. language families and language diffusion- Languages can be grouped into families. Language
change and spread as people move and encounter new places and things.
7. monotheism- religion with only one god
polytheism- religion with many gods
animistic- religion focused around life and spirits found in nature
8. Major teachings of
Christianity- Founded with Jesus Christ, believes in one God, teachings found in the bible,
largest religion in the world
Judaism- Founded by Abraham, believes in one god, teaching found in the torah, worship at
synagogues
Islam- Founded by Mohammad, teaching found in the koran, has 5 pillars: confession of faith,
fasting, almsgiving, pilgrimage, and prayer
Buddhism- Founded by Siddhartha Gautama, Believes all life is suffering and that suffering can
be eliminated by getting rid of desires. A person gets rid of desires by using the 8 Fold Path. When
a person is released from suffering it is called reaching Nirvana. Believe in reincarnation.
Hinduism- Polytheistic religion. Oldest eastern religion. Practiced in sheerness at home and at
temples. Believe in reincarnation. Had a social system called the Caste system. If you were a good
person (had good karma) you move up in the caste system when you are reborn. If you were a bad
person you move down.
9.
carrying capacity- how many people an area can support
10. command economy- economy controlled by the government, the government has most of the means of
production
11.
communism- government that strives for equality by giving everyone things equally. The government
owns property and manufacturing
12. democracy- where the people select the goverment and make decisions through voting
13.
Dictatorship- where one person rules a country with absolute power and maintains that control by
force
14. fertility rate- the number of children a woman has in her reproductive years
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15. gross domestic product- the amount of money and goods made within a country
16. gross national product- the amount of money and goods made by a country. The money and goods can
be made inside and outside of the country.
17. infant mortality rate- THe number of children per 1000 that die before age 1.
18. infrastructure- all the systems that keep the economy going such as roads, sewage system, electrical
systems, and water supplies
19. landlocked- a country surrounded on all side by land
20. market economy- an economy where production is determined primarily by supply and demand
21. monarchy- when a king or queen rules a country.
22. nation- an area that is unified by cultural beliefs
23. nation-state- and are unified by territory and cultural beliefs
24. natural resources- resources found in natura. Can be renewable and nonrenewable
25. per capita income- amount of money, on average, a person make sin a country
26. population pyramid- A chart showing the amount of people in a country. It is divided up by age and sex.
The shape of the chart (tree, cup, cone) can tell us if a country's population is healthy or if there are
issues with a country's population.
27. rate of natural increase- Birth rate-the death rate. Tells us if a population is increasing or decreasing.
28. state- the geographic boundary of a country