stoichiometric
refection Grips
•ma
Element
•
:
Compound
•
:
that is made up of one type
pure substance
The
proportion of elements & are held w/ chemical bonds
A
singular
A
fixed
.
composed
of
of atom
physical
& chemical
properties are different from the elements that
is
.
Mixture : A substance that is made up
it has uniform
desired product
of products
mass of
% atom
•
"
economy
=
total
mass
100
✗
of 2 or more components w/o chemical combination
properties
↳
Heterogeneous it has non-uniform composition & properties
↳
Homogeneous
-
composition
&
-
•
Diffusion : the process
of low
•
-
increasing
increasing
°c
conc
kinetic
by which the particles of
substance
move
from
an area
of high
cone
.
to
area
an
.
energy
:
The
energy
>
KE of
a
that is
KE
=
possessed by objects in
motion
Yzmv2
particles
when the
solid is heated
the vibrational
&
temperature
up
As the
,
energy temperature
increases
,
The vibrations
are
energetic
enough for molecules
to break their bonds & Arm into
liquid Energy
.
point
boiling
v1
melting
§
Point
g§
sufficiently
T
There is
liquid
all inter
a
>
.
added is used
Energy Input
Isotopes
when atoms
neutron numbers
Relative atomic
•
mass :
carbon-12
•
Theoretical
yield
:
of the
The
same
weight
average
the Max obtainable
amount
Percentage yield
Boyle's law
Charles law
a
k
Vale
§
-
=
of
of
one
a
}
pot
¥=k
3
is
E-
atom
a
Gay
-
energy is
constant
temp
as
9
gas
of
element relative to
Kz
volume
remains
heated the RE &
is
,
of
different
an
atom
of
used up)
6 100%
Lusac Law
Pik
P' V1
'
combined gas law
=
=
T,
Tz
"
k
E-
Ideal
gas equation
Volume
Temperature
.
doesn't 9
KE
& electron number but
proton
break
so more
temp
.
the
Pressure
>
The
needed
pit
Ed F-
the
.
particle bonds
same
an
,
heated & the temp
enough energy to
product .(assuming the limiting reactant is
experimental yield
theoretical yield
'
A
PV
element has the
-
since the
-
:
is
gas
solid
to break inter particle forces
•
liquid
the
,
gain KE
particles
temperature
=
PV
=
NRT
Pa ( Nm 2)
-
-
-
his
Temperature
-
K
•
Ideal
↳ An
gas A gas that has
:
ideal gas
↳ A real
& there
gas
are
obeys the
relatively large space that consists of free moving particles w/ negligible volume &
-
ideal
behaves most like
no
gas
an
law under all conditions
ideal
gas
at
low pressure &
}
high temperature
due to the
attractive forces between the particles
parts per mill on (ppm)
=
component
mass
of
total
mass
of solution
✗
10°
no
inter particle forces
-
volume of gas particles is
negligible