1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
January 31, 2021.
Edited by:
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta, Dean, School of Science, Primeasia University
Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Kumkum Rahman Mouree, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Maruf Abony, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Graphics design:
Md. Robeul Islam
Dipa Rani Bhowmik
Shahrin Akter Aurin
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Convening committee
Convener:
Member Secretary:
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta, Dean, School of Science, Primeasia University
Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Organizing Secretary: Maruf Abony, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Dr. Kumkum Rahman Mouree, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Fahmida Alam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia
University
Aneeka Nawar Fateema, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Abu Zihad, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Media and publication committee
Convener:
Member Secretary:
Volunteers:
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta, Dean, School of Science, Primeasia University
Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Fahmida Alam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia
University
Maruf Abony, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Aneeka Nawar Fateema, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Abu Zihad, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Oshin Ghurnee, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sanzida Sharmin, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Monika Sultana, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Kishor Kumer Howlader
Md. Robeul Islam
Dipa Rani Bhowmik
Registration committee:
Convener:
Member Secretary:
Members:
Volunteers:
Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Fahmida Alam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia
University
Kaniz Fatema, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sabera Saima, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Aneeka Nawar Fateema, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Abu Zihad, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Oshin Ghurnee, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sayeeda Be-nozir, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Bushra Jannat, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Israt Dilruba Mishu, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Md. Robeul Islam
Dipa Rani Bhowmik
Abstract Selection and Scientific Committee:
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Convener:
Member Secretary:
Members:
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta, Dean, School of Science, Primeasia University
Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Kumkum Rahman Mouree, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology,
Primeasia University
Dr. Fahmida Alam, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia
University
Maruf Abony, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sanzida Sharmin, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Fahmida Sultana, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Prity lata Chakraborty, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Aneeka Nawar Fateema, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Abu Zihad, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Oshin Ghurnee, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Monika Sultana, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sayeeda Be-nozir, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Bushra Jannat, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Israt Dilruba Mishu, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Finance committee:
Convener:
Member Secretary:
Members:
Volunteers:
Maruf Abony, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Abu Zihad, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Kaniz Fatema, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Sabera Saima, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Fahmida Sultana, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Prity lata Chakraborty, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Bushra Jannat, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Israt Dilruba Mishu, Lecturer, Dept. of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Md. Robeul Islam
Dipa Rani Bhowmik
Md. Arif Hossain
Sabikun Nahar Mim
Rakin Ibne Jaman
Sanjida Sultana
Mohona Islam
Md. Redwanur Rahman
Md. Mamun Sheikh
Afifa Akter Suma
Afsana Akter Mim
Tanzir Ahmed
Mariyam Akter
Joysree Rani
Senthia Afroz
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Event
Recitation from
Holy books
Inauguration ceremony
9.00am-11.30am(BST time-GMT+6hrs)
Welcome speech by
Convener
Speech from Special
Guests
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recitation from Holy Quran
Recitation from Holy Gita
Recitation from Holy Bible
Recitation from Holy Tripitok
Speech from Chief guest
9.00-9.30
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta
Dean, School of Science
Primeasia University
9.30-9.40
i) Prof. Dr. Iffat Jahan
Treasurer(Acting) , Primeasia University
9.40-10.00
ii) Prof. Dr. Engr. Md. Humaun Kabir
Vice Chancellor(Acting), Primeasia University
10.00-10.20
iii) Mr. K. M. Khaled
Vice Chairman, Board of Trustees
Primeasia University
iv) Mr. Md. Raihan Azad
Vice Chairman, Board of Trustees
Primeasia University
Speech from Guest of
Honor
Time
Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam
Chairman, Board of Trustees
Primeasia University
Mohibul Hassan Chowdhury MP,
Honorable Deputy Minister
Ministry of Education
Government of the people’s republic Bangladesh
10.20-10.40
10.40-11.00
10.40-11.00
11.00-11.30
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Plenary Session I
11.15am-1.55 pm(BST time-GMT+6hrs)
Speaker
Professor Dr. Salina Parveen
Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences
Center for Food Science & Technology
University of Maryland Eastern Shore, USA
Professor Dr. Kumer Pial Das
University of Louisiana, USA
Assistant Vice President,
Research, Innovation, And Economic Development
Dr. Nur A Hasan
Chief Executive Officer, EzBiome Inc, Maryland, USA
&
Adjunct Faculty, Center for Bioinformatics and
Computational Biology, University of Maryland, USA
Dr. Md. Niaz Rahim
Scientist, Veterinary Diagnostic Services
Manitoba Government, Canada. &
Adjunct Professor, Medical Microbiology & Infectious
Diseases
University of Manitoba. Canada
Dr. Aiko Adell Nakashima
Assistant Professor
School of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Life Sciences
Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
Dr. Parimal Majumder
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, USA
Dr. Byomkesh Talukder
Research Fellow, Planetary Health
Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research (York
University)
Toronto, Canada
Professor Dr. Anwar Hossain
Vice Chancellor
Jashore University of Science and Technology
Jashore, Bangladesh
Title
A Rapid, User Friendly
Method for the
Detection and
Enumeration of
Pathogenic Vibrios in
the Mid-Atlantic Region
of the United States
11.15-11.30
11.30-11.45
Sequencing Based
Detection,
Characterization and
Surveillance of SARSCoV-2 virus
in Managing the Pandemic
11.45-12.00
Diagnostic Microbiology
in Veterinary Science.
12.00-12.15
Role of water systems in
the transmission of
pathogens and antibiotic
resistance
12.15-12.30
An MHC-II specific
super enhancer controls
expression and
chromatin architecture
within the HLA-DRB1
and HLA-DQA1 locus
12.30-12.45
The new frontier of
virological research in
the wake of COVID-19
Trends of COVID-19
pandemic in
Bangladesh: a
diagnostic perspective
12.45-1.00
1.00-1.20
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Professor Dr. Pankaj Singh (USA)
Eppley Institute
Co-Leader, Cancer Biology Program,
Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center
University of Nebraska Medical Center ,USA
Q&A session
Parallel Session I – CM-AMR
Chair: Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta,
Co-Chair: Dr. Fahmida Alam,
Parallel Session II – IVID
Chair: Prof. Dr. Cristina Pires,
Co-chair:Dr. Kumkum Rahman Mouree
Poster
Session
Parallel Session III –
2.00pmFIM &GB
5.00pm
(BST timeGMT+6hrs)
Parallel Session IV – AVM &
Chair:Prof. Dr. Sangita Ahmed,
Co-Chair: Dr. Fakruddin
1.20-1.35
1.35-1.55
2.00-5.00
Chair: Professor Dr. Abdul Hamid Wani
Co-Chair: Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir
MB-VD
Chair: Dr. Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
Co-Chair: Dr. Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir
Parallel Session V – EM-ME
Chair: Professor Dr. Hossain M. Zabed
Co-Chair: Kaniz Fatema
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Plenary Session II
5.00pm-7.30 pm(BST time-GMT+6hrs)
Professor Dr. Abdul Hamid Wani
Head, Department of Botany,
Director, Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy
University of Kashmir, India
Professor Dr. Sangita Ahmed
Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Biological Science
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Professor Dr. Isabel Cristina Ribeiro Pires
Department of Veterinary Sciences
University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)
Portugal
Professor Dr. Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska
Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
Univerzitet Sv. Kiril i Metódij vo Skopje (UKIM)
Skopje, Macedonia
Professor Dr. Hossain M. Zabed
School of Food and Biological Engineering,
Jiangsu University
Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Dr. Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
Associate Professor
Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular
Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Dr. Md. Fakruddin
Postdoctoral fellow
International Research Center for Medical Sciences
(IRCMS),
Kumamoto University, Japan
Dr. Bahareh Nowruzi(IRAN)
Assistant professor, Department of food
Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Professor Dr. Firoz Ahmed
Chairman
Department of Microbiology,
Noakhali Science and Technology University
(NSTU)
Noakhali, Bangladesh
Q&A session
Closing ceremony
Ethno-mycological studies,
biochemical studies, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity of some
medicinal mushrooms growing in
Kashmir Himalaya
Listeria monocytogenes: a neglected
foodborne pathogen in Bangladesh
Pathological findings of viral
diseases in domestic animals
Probiotic potential of Paenibacillus
alvei stain DZ/3
Microbial cell factories for bio-based
chemical production: Current
perspectives and future research
opportunities
5.00-5.15
5.15-5.30
5.30-5.45
5.45-6.00
6.00-6.15
6.15-6.30
Microbiome: An Emerging Player in
Human Health and Disease
6.30-6.45
Microcystin decontamination
treatments for seafood
6.45-7.00
7.00-7.15
7.15-7.30
7.30-9.00
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
Keynote
Trends of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a diagnostic perspective
Prof. M. Anwar Hossain, PhD
Vice-Chancellor, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
Email: hossaina@du.ac.bd
The SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers one of the most fatal pandemics in human history with almost two million deaths in
2020. COVID-19 patients was first detected in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, Bangladesh has been
managing the disease at low spreading rate and mortality compared to other pandemic area. With activating 109
laboratories across the country, a total of 35, 55,558 samples were tested up to 24 January, 2020. Genome
sequencing performed in various platforms by 13 research laboratories of Bangladesh revealed that a ~82% of the
cases was infected by worldwide dominating GR clade or B.1.1 lineage, and none of the cases are yet to linked with
GV clade or VUI/2020/01 variant. Although researchers claimed that overall genome-wide variations are not
directly associated with the disease severity, climate change and geographical states, there comes up an intriguing
question on whether there is any effect of the major clade-featured mutations on virulence and fitness. The
commercial kits targeting the initial wild type virus frequently failed in detecting the spike, envelope, and especially
nucleocapsid protein because of wider range of mutations in those evolving genome segments. For a cost-effective
and accurate diagnosis, researchers developed a SYBR-Green assay considering Bangladesh sequences. Moreover,
an in-house rapid and low-cost alternative, multiplex ARMS-PCR approach to NGS was established. Metagenomic
diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 diabetic patients painted an interesting picture of pathogenic and probiotics
interaction that may lead to a better treatment outcome in future. The government has recently approved rapid
antibody testing procedure for COVID-19. This diagnostic system has manifold applications at this stage of
pandemic, for example, providing the antibody level in the blood, giving us the real number of infections, and for a
convulsant plasma therapy.
Keyword: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Bangladesh
Professor Dr. Md. Anwar Hossain
Professor
Vice Chancellor
Jashore University of Science and Technology
Jashore, Bangladesh
Field of Specialty: Molecular microbial genetics, Bioinformatics and Vaccine
Development
Professor Md. Anwar Hossain, the current Vice-Chancellor of Jashore University of Science and Technology
(JUST). He has already established himself as an eminent scientist at home and abroad. He has also been awarded
BAS-National Professor Dr. M Innas Ali Memorial Gold Medal Award 2017 and University Grants Commission
(UGC) best researcher award 2011.
Professor Anwar was awarded Ph.D. in 1991 from the University of Tokyo and B.Sc (Hons) & M.Sc in
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 1981 & 1983, respectively from the University of Dhaka. He did his postdoctoral research work in industry Suntory Crop., Osaka, Japan and in academia UMDNJ, Robert-Wood Johnson
Medical University, NJ, USA. Dr. Anwar is one of the most profile researchers on Genomics and bioinformatics
with over 88 referred publications, 3 chapters in books, over 50 conference presentations, proceedings and abstracts
in various countries of Asia, Europe and USA.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P001
Migration of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Zoonotic Salmonella spp. and
Campylobacter spp. from Poultry Meat/ Farm Environment to Human and
Forecasting Their MDR Pattern on Public Health in Bangladesh Perspective
Professor Dr. Suvamoy Datta
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
Zoonotic Bacteria typically cycle in domestic animals without causing disease in their typical hosts. When they get
transmitted into human, the disease that is produced can be severe. Poultry meat and farm environmental samples
were analyzed for detection of similar drug resistant biotypes in clinical setting. Poultry meat and environmental
samples were analyzed for detection of zoonotic Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. and a total of 244
Salmonella spp. and 156 Campylobacter spp. were obtained and identified using API identification kit. A number
of 1200 clinical Salmonella spp. and 920 clinical Campylobacter spp. were identified and observed by cross
checking biotype and drug resistant pattern of poultry-based isolates. Based on forecasting data, by the year 2019
Campylobacter spp. isolated from clinical origin will be more than 90% resistant against
Sulfomethoxazole/Cotrimoxazole, Nalidixic Acid and Ciprofloxacin. Also, the overall drug resistant pattern of
Nalidixic acid in both clinical and poultry samples are 83% and 75% respectively. In case of Salmonella spp.
isolates similarity in drug resistant between poultry and clinical isolates can be seen in Cotrimoxazole, Nalidixic
acid and Netilmycin. This study also revealed that drug resistance pattern increased in the last 4 years 43.61%
isolates were MDR in 2015, 48.26% in 2016, 50.43% in 2017 and 57.83% in 2018, which will increase to 61.74%,
66.52% and 71.3% for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively based on forecasting of obtained data. Overall,
49.78 % of the strains became Multidrug resistant (resistant to 5 or more then 5 antibiotics tested). Presence of these
drug resistant zoonoses indicates unregulated use of antibiotics in poultry farming and no adherence to Good
Farming Practice and HACCP. Undercooked or raw poultry samples, or food products contaminated by poultry
environmental factors may cause catastrophic health issues among general population of Bangladesh.
Keywords: Zoonotic bacteria, MDR pattern migration, poultry meat, farm, public health, Bangladesh
Professor Dr. Suvamoy Datta
Dean & Professor
School of Science, Primeasia University.
B.Sc. in Microbiology, Dhaka University
M.Sc. in Microbiology, Dhaka University
Ph.D. (University of Tokyo, Japan)
Post doc (University of Minnesota, USA)
Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta have obtained his Ph. D degree from the University of Tokyo, Japan with
MONBUKAGAKUSHO (Japan Government) scholarship. Dr. Suvamoy Datta was awarded Young Sciecntist
Award for his Ph. D research from International Scientific Congress -CHRO-2009, Japan. Dr. Suvamoy Datta also
have completed postdoctoral research work on Cancer Drug Development with prestigious Hormel Postdoctoral
fellowship at University of Minnesota, USA. At present, Dr. Suvamoy Datta is working as Dean, School of Science
& Chairman of the Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Dr. Datta have a total of
35 (Thirty-five) publications where 30 (Thirty) are in International Journals most are based on research at Primeasia
University in context to Bangladesh. Dr. Datta was invited as Plenary Speaker at MESMAC International
Conference, 2019, Kerala, India to talk on “Forcasting of Multi-Drug Resistance in UTI patients”.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P002
A Rapid, User Friendly Method for the Detection and Enumeration of
Pathogenic Vibrios in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States
Salina Parveen
University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, Princess Anne, MD
21853, USA
email: sparveen@umes.edu
The Vibrionaceae family consists of a variety of naturally occurring important bacteria in aquatic ecosystems containing
a few pathogenic species that negatively impact aquatic systems and human health. Two pathogenic species, Vibrio
parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus cause shellfish-associated morbidity and mortality. Current regulatory assays for
these vibrios are complex, time-consuming and expensive, which makes them difficult to implement. In this study,
oyster and water samples from the Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay, USA were analyzed for abundances and
detection frequencies for total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus using three methods:
the standard Most Probable Number PCR (MPN-PCR) assay and a direct plating (DP) method on CHROMagar TM
Vibrio for total and pathogenic strains, and the colony overlay procedure for peptidase (COPP) assay for total
Vibrionaceae. MPN-PCR and DP involved assays for tlh, tdh and trh genes for V. parahaemolyticus and vvhA and
vcgC genes for V. vulnificus. Abundances and frequencies of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and V.
vulnificus in oyster and water samples showed significant differences between the Delaware Bay and the
Chesapeake Bay. Correlations between Vibrionaceae abundances in seawater and six physicochemical
measurements of the water were evaluated and reveal interesting relationships between seawater, salinity, dissolved
oxygen and turbidity. Logistic regression models of the COPP assay showed high concordances with MPN-PCR
for pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus and total V. vulnificus in oysters and seawater when seawater temperature and
salinity were factored into the model, suggesting that the COPP assay could potentially serve as a more rapid
method to detect pathogenic vibrios in oysters and seawater.
Keyword: Vibrio, COPP assay, Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay
Professor Dr. Salina Parveen
Professor
Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences
Center for Food Science & Technology
University of Maryland Eastern Shore
Field of Specialty: Food Safety, Food and Environmental Microbiology, and Water
Quality
Prof. Parveen's research work focus on Improvement of safety and quality characteristics of seafood, poultry, meat
and fresh produce; Application of genotypic and phenotypic methods for tracking sources of food- and water- borne
pathogens in food processing plants and in aquatic environments; Development and application of rapid molecular
and immunological methods for detection of water- and food -borne pathogens etc.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P003
The new frontier of virological research in the wake of COVID-19
Professor Dr. Kumer Pial Das
University of Louisiana, USA
Understanding, predicting, and containing the current COVID-19 pandemic is the highest priority to all of us.
Researchers working in the field of molecular biology, virology, public health, epidemiology, and network science
have contributed significantly to this health crisis response. The researchers at one of the largest primate centers in
the United States are working with pharmaceutical companies to develop vaccines for the disease. The center
Specializes in providing resources for the development and characterization of non-human primate models for
applied and basic research aimed at promoting human quality life. The objective of this talk is to describe some of
the research efforts. Moreover, the need of multi-disciplinary collaboration to address challenges such as COVID-19
can never been so important. This talk will discuss some of the exciting COVID-19 related research spanning public
health, mathematics, statistics, bioinformatics, electrical and computer engineering
Keywords: COVID-19, bioinformatics, virology,
Professor Dr. Kumer Pial Das
Professor, University of Louisiana, USA
Assistant Vice President,
Research, Innovation, And Economic Development
Field of Specialty: Time Series Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, Survival Analysis,
and Bayesian statistics
Dr. Das is an experienced counselor with a demonstrated history of working in the higher education industry. He is
skilled in Mathematical Modeling, Time Series Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, Survival Analysis, and Bayesian
statistics. Strong community and social services professional with a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) focused in
Mathematics and Statistics from Auburn University.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P004
Ethno-mycological studies, biochemical studies, antioxidant and antimicrobial
activity of some medicinal mushrooms growing in Kashmir Himalaya
Abdul Hamid Wani, Ab. Rashid Malik and Mohd Yaqub Bhat
Section of Mycology, Plant Pathology, and Microbiology, Department of Botany,
University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
Email: ahamidwani@yahoo.com
Mushrooms are macro-fungi and are the only no-green crop domesticated and grown widely in the world after plants
and animals used for human welfare. Mushroom is defined as “macro fungus with a distinctive fruiting body which
can be either epigeous or hypogeous and large enough to be seen with the naked eye and to be picked by hand”.
They are considered good sources of food, medicines, folklore medicines and a few species are now used to produce
medicinally effective products. In view of the ethno-medicinal profiling and the biochemical characterization
mushrooms are important nutraceuticals. Therefore, present study was carried out to explore the use of mushrooms
as ethnomedicines in remote areas of district Kupwara of Kashmir Valley. From the study it was found that out of 60
species of mushrooms collected and described, 33 species were used as ethnomedicines in surveyed areas by the
local tribal people, local hakeems and herbalists. Some species of mushrooms growing in the area were collected
and evaluated for their nutritional value such as carbohydrates, lipids, fats and minerals and some species of
mushrooms were also evaluated for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Diversity of chemical constituents
such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and mineral content were recorded in some tested species of mushrooms
indicating the presence of important nutrients and bioactive compounds in theses mushrooms. Similarly, about 20
species of mushrooms screened for qualitative phytochemical constituents. The alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates,
glycosides, proteins and free amino acids, terpenes, steroids and phenols were found almost in all the species.
Tannins, anthraquinones and saponins were detected only in a few mushroom species.. Some mushroom species
when tested for antioxidant and antimicrobial/anticancer activities, showed prominent results when compared with
the standards. Thus all the tested mushrooms were found to show efficient antioxidant/anticancer activity and
antimicrobial activity, however further investigation is needed to explore their antioxidant and antimicrobial
Key words: Kashmir Valley, mushrooms, ethnomycological studies, biochemical characterization, Anti-oxidant
activity, antimicrobial activity
Professor Dr. Abdul Hamid Wani
Section of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Microbiology,
Professor& Head, Department of Botany,
Director, Centre for Biodiversity and Taxonomy
University of Kashmir, India
Field of Specialty: Mycology, Plant Pathology, Microbiology
Prof. Wani completed his Masters Degree and Doctorate (Ph. D.) from A.M. U., Aligarh, India. He joined as
Assistant Professor in the year 1999 at Kashmir University and joined as Professor in 2012 in the Department of
Botany, University of Kashmir. He published more than 115 Research papers in both National and international
Journals of repute in the field of Mycology, Plant Pathology, Nematology and Microbiology.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P005
Listeria monocytogenes: a neglected foodborne pathogen in Bangladesh
Professor Dr. Sangita Ahmed
Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email sangita@du.ac.bd
Listeriosis is a food-borne disease mainly caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. This disease can occur in
both humans and animals with relatively low prevalence but high rates of mortality. Infection by Listeria
monocytogenes can cause serious health complications including meningitis, septicemia, endocarditis, febrile
gastroenteritis in immune-compromised individual, or abortion, stillbirth in pregnant women. Newborn babies,
elderly, and immunocompromised patients have been shown to be at greatest risk to this infection. Given the
severity of the infection, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has enforced a “zero tolerance” approach for
Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat foods. Throughout the past decades, studies have demonstrated clear and
alarming prevalence of Listeria spp. in different food products all over the world. However, detailed scientific
information on the prevalence and distribution of L. monocytogenes and other Listeria species in Bangladesh is
somewhat scarce. Our study focuses on the prevalence of Listeria spp. in food and environmental samples of Dhaka
city using cultural, biochemical and molecular approaches. Listeria spp including the pathogenic Listeria
monocytogenes have been obtained from ready to eat foods, dairy products, lake water, garden soil and cattle farm
environments. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the Listeria isolates revealed high resistance against some of the
antibiotics that have been used as the first choice of drugs to treat human listeriosis for years. The data obtained so
far emphasizes on regular screening of food products for Listeria monocytogenes in Bangladesh in a broader scale to
ensure food safety in Bangladesh.
Keyword: L. monocytogenes, foodborne pathogen, Bangladesh
Professor Dr. Sangita Ahmed
Professor
Department of Microbiology
Faculty of Biological Science
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Field of Specialty: Heavy Metals, Bioremediation, Listeria
Sangita Ahmed completed her BSc and Ms from Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka where she is
currently working as a Professor. She earned her PhD from Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge,
United Kingdom. Her research work focuses on food safety and environmental pollution in Bangladesh. She is
currently working on the prevalence, genotype and antibiotic resistance of Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella
pneumophila, two food and water borne pathogens which have serious consequences on human health and are less
studied in Bangladesh. Professor Sangita is also working on developing a sustainable bioremediation method to
remove Environmental pollutants like heavy metals and textile dyes from the aquatic environment in Bangladesh.
Professor Sangita served as a Member of the Food Safety Technical Working Group for Bangladesh Food Safety
Authority. She is the current Joint Secretary of Bangladesh Society of Microbiologists (BSM).
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P006
Pathological findings of viral diseases in domestic animals
Andreia Garcês, Isabel Pires
Inno–Serviços Especializados em Veterinária, R. Cândido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal, CECAV University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
E mail: ipires@utad.pt
Viral diseases are often difficult to diagnose in animals, given the nonspecific lesions seen at necropsy. However,
some agents are characterized by the appearance of inclusion bodies in the histopathological examination that can
increase suspicion and guide the diagnosis. In this work, the authors intend to describe different histological aspects
of viral diseases in necropsied animals observed at UTAD's Histology and Pathological Anatomy Laboratory.
Necropsies and microscopic exams were always performed by the same observers. The main diseases compatible
with viral ethology observed in the histological examination were: myxomatosis, canine parvovirus, feline
panleukopenia, avian pox, canine infectious hepatitis, distemper and viral papillomatosis. Although the
histopathological examination does not allow the definitive diagnosis of viral diseases, it can, together with some
lesions, guide the diagnosis or exclude other differential diagnoses. It is therefore important to apply
immunohistochemistry techniques or molecular methods in paraffin material to establish definitive diagnoses and
known the real prevalence of viral diseases in animals.
Keywords: virus, domestic animals, veterinary, immunohistochemistry
Professor Dr. Isabel Cristina Ribeiro Pires
Department of Veterinary Sciences
University of Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)
Portugal
Field of Specialty: Oncology, Forensic Sciences, Lesions in Infectious Diseases
Isabel Cristina Ribeiro Pires, completed the PhD in Veterinary Sciences in 2005 by the
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Master's Degree in Oncology in 1999 by Oporto University
and its Graduation in Veterinary Medicine in 1995 by UTAD. Anatomic Pathology teacher since 1995 and
veterinary pathologist since 1996. Author of Virtual Atlas of Veterinary Pathology. She published more than 80
articles in international specialized magazines, 18 book chapters and 3 books and supervised 4 doctoral thesis and
more than 30 master's dissertation.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P007
Probiotic potential of Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3
Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska*, Sofija Konstandinovska, Ana-Marija Bosilkovska, Dzoko
Kungulovski
Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Arhimedova 3,
Skopje, North Macedonia
E mail: natalijaap@gmail.com
Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms administered to improve microbial balance, particularly in the
gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics exert their beneficial effects through various mechanisms, including lowering
intestinal pH, decreasing colonization and invasion by pathogenic organisms, and modifying the host immune
response.
This research includes two parts of experiments with Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3. The first part of this research
involves physiological tests such as determining the optimal conditions for growth and cultivation of this
microorganism by monitoring the growth kinetics of this bacteria, the optimal temperature, time of incubation and
pH. Further research involves determination of probiotic potential, such as tolerance to acidic pH values, bile
tolerance and antimicrobial assay.
Maximum growth of Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 was observed in Muller – Hinton broth, at pH 7 after 24 hours
of incubation at 44 °С. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 is catalase – positive, with ability to tolerate 6.5%
concentration of NaCl, and shows α-hemolysis. The log phase is identified at 22nd hour of incubation. Paenibacillus
alvei stain DZ/3 shows ability for arginine hydrolysis, carbohydrate fermentation and toleration to different
concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 is sensitive to the antibiotic Augmentin and
shows antifungal activity. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 shows the ability to grow at pH 3.
According to the probiotic potential determination protocol used in this research, the bacterial culture Paenibacillus
alvei stain DZ/3, meets the criteria of a potential probiotic, such as tolerance to low pH, important for the survival of
bacteria in the stomach and food. The other criterion is sensitivity to bile salts, an important feature of a probiotic
potential due to bacterial growth and survival in the gut.
Key words: probiotics, microbial balance, microorganisms, optimal conditions, antimicrobial assay.
Professor Dr. Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska
Professor, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics,
Univerzitet Sv. Kiril i Metódij vo Skopje (UKIM)
Skopje, Macedonia
Field of Specialty: Plant Biotechnology, Antibiotic Resistance, Bioactivity
Professor Natalija is currently working as Professor at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and
Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University (UKIM), Skopje, Macedonia. She has 66 research materials,
including 26 journal articles, 1 book and 64 conference proceedings.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P008
Microbial cell factories for bio-based chemical production: Current perspectives and
future research opportunities
Hossain M. Zabed *, Yufei Zhang, and Xianghui Qi
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China.
E mail: zabedctgbd@yahoo.com
In quest of achieving alternatives to overcome environmental issues caused by our crucial dependence on fossil
resources, microbial biosynthesis of value-added chemicals from cheap and renewable resources has become one of
the core research topics of synthetic biology over the last three decades. Microorganisms play the central role in
producing a myriad of chemicals, including bulk chemicals, fine chemicals, polymers, biofuels, and natural
products. To obtain a sustainable bioproduction approach, development of high performance microbial cell factories
has gained significant research priority, which considers all sections of a bioprocess, such as upstream, midstream
and downstream steps. In this context, various strategies and tools of systems biology, synthetic biology,
evolutionary engineering, and bioinformatics have extensively been studied in the past years to produce efficient cell
factories. This paper aimed at discussing the current technologies, strategies, and tools of developing microbial cell
factories for producing various industrially important chemicals. Subsequently, specific case studies will be
presented considering our recent research works on 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO),
which are two high-value platform chemicals with multiple applications in food, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and
cosmetic industries. Finally, several key research gaps of this growing field of research will be highlighted, and their
prospective solutions, as well as future research needs, are going to be discussed.
Keyword: Microbial cell factories, Bioprocess technology
Professor Dr. Hossain M. Zabed
Professor, School of Food and Biological Engineering,
Jiangsu University
Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
Field of Speciality: Synthetic Biology, Bioengineering, Bioenergy and Bioproducts
Prof. Dr. Hossain M. Zabed is currently working as a Professor at the School of Food &
Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, China. He completed his Ph.D. in Biotechnology from the University of
Malaya, Malaysia. He is currently working as a Professor at the Jiangsu University, China. His major research
interests are Bioenergy, Bioproducts, Bioactive compounds, Waste valorization, Synthetic biology, and Metabolic
engineering. He has expertise in Molecular Biology, Microbial cell factories, Microbial biocatalysts, Fermentation
technology, Biomass Characterization, Bioprocesses Optimization, RSM, Biomass Processing, and Anaerobic
Digestion. He published nearly 60 high-quality academic materials. He also presented his research works in several
international conferences.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P009
Sequencing Based Detection, Characterization and Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2
virus in Managing the Pandemic
Nur A Hasan, PhD
President and CEO, EzBiome Inc., Maryland, USA, and Adjunct Professor, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of
Maryland, College Park, USA.
Email:?
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous social and economic disruption across the world. To help the
community better flight the pandemic, EzBiome has developed a cloud-based bioinformatics platform, EzCOVID19
(http://covid19.ezbiocloud.net/) that can be accessed from any part of the world. It enables researchers to rapidly
detect, identify and characterize SARS-CoV-2 virus from any NGS data suspected of containing the SARS-CoV-2
virus. Using EzCOVID19, scientists and public health researchers are now able to investigate, whether a sample
contains SARS-CoV-2, generate consensus genome assembly, identify genetic variants across the entire viral
genome, and identify the most similar genomes in the public databases to understand potential route of transmission.
Additionally, it offers a novel SNP-based classification, including an evolutionary analysis of the detected SARSCoV-2 sub-type along with other concurrent sub-types distributed globally to help track k, trace and prevent possible
source of transmission. The presentation will showcase various aspects of the platform and its application in a largescale genomic analysis and epidemiological sub-typing of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from Bangladesh.
Keyword?
Dr. Nur A Hasan
Chief Executive Officer, EzBiome Inc, Maryland, USA
& Adjunct Faculty, Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of
Maryland
Field of Specialty: Genome Biology, Bioinformatics, Infectious Disease, Food Safety
Dr. Nur A Hasan is an accomplished Executive with experience in strategic development of technology innovation
in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, and life science industries. Dr. Hasan is the Chief Executive Officer of biotech
Company, EzBiome Inc., and Adjunct Professor at the Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology,
University of Maryland College Park. He received his Bachelor and Master’s in Microbiology, M.B.A in Marketing
and Ph.D. in Genomics. In his multidisciplinary research experience, Dr. Hasan led numerous large-scale genomic,
metagenomic and microbiome projects that resulted in multiple patents, and over 100 peer-reviewed articles on
microbiome, biomarker discovery, molecular ecology, and infectious diseases. He is an editorial board member of
several scientific journals and continue to serve as ad doc reviewer for 18+ scientific journals.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P010
Diagnostic Microbiology in Veterinary Science.
Md Niaz Rahim
Veterinary Diagnostic Services
Manitoba Government, Canada.
Email: niaz.rahim@gmail.com
Different countries around the globe have national veterinary services to serve numerous needs of food safety and
animal health protection. Veterinary diagnostic laboratories are the central part of this organization. In addition,
countries also have separate provincial/state veterinary laboratories report to the national laboratories. The roles of
these laboratories include animal disease surveillance, monitoring of existing diseases, import and export testing,
consultation and interpretation of test results, research, and establishing a quality assurance programme. The
veterinary diagnosis services (VDS) of Manitoba Government, Canada supports all livestock producers and
companion animal owners, and to universities, zoos, and government departments. VDS consists of four wings:
Anatomic pathology, clinical pathology, microbiology, and virology. The Microbiology and Virology sections are
dedicated to identifying more than 60 different animal pathogens including bacteria, viruses, fungus, and parasites
by utilizing molecular, serological, immunofluorescence, cultural, biochemical and proteomics tools. Further
subtyping, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are conducted for closely similar pathogens. The VDS research and
development team are devoted to adopting highly sensitive and specific diagnostic methods with a low turnaround
time for years.
Keyword: Veterinary Microbiology, Diagnostic,Canada
Dr. Nur A Hasan
Scientist, Veterinary Diagnostic Services
Manitoba Government, Canada.
&
Adjunct Professor, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
University of Manitoba. Canada
Field of Specialty: Virology,Molecular Biology, Microbiology
Dr. Md. Niaz Rahim is a Scientist and Principal Investigator working at Veterinary Diagnosis Service, Manitoba
Government, Canada. He is comprehensively trained in Virology, Antiviral & Vaccine, Proteomics, Immunology
and Microbiology. He have authored and co-authored more than 25 research articles.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P-011
Genetic manipulation of a green microalga, Nannochloropsis sp.: The answer to
vaccine delivery to fish?
Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia, 2Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang,
Selangor, Malaysia, 3Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E mail: zettynorhana@upm.edu.my
Bacterial infection in fish farming causes mass mortalities and the treatment of that requires the intensive use of
chemicals and antibiotics. Several established methods to control fish diseases include the use of antibiotics, but it is
always associated with negative effects like drug resistance and drug residues. Vaccination via injection and
suspension are also widely used but both are labour-intensive and costly and not viable in the long term. Oral
vaccination seems to be highly promising due to several advantages such as easier administrations, less stressful,
viable for variable of fish sizes and provided oral boosting during the fish growth periods. However, there are still
disadvantages of oral vaccination like degradation of antigen even before it reaches the target organ which is the fish
gut. An alternative to this shortcoming of oral vaccination is by utilising microalgae, a versatile photosynthetic
microorganism which are mainly used as feed in the aquaculture industry. This study aims to utilise
Nannochloropsis sp. as a potential vaccine carrier due to its wide usage in the aquaculture industry by transfecting it
with vectors harbouring a gene fragment coding for antigenic protein known as outer membrane protein kinase
(OmpK) originated from Vibrio harveyi, a common bacterial pathogen in aquatic organisms. Two types of vectors
were constructed adopting the homologous recombination (HR) technique which targets a specific site in the
Nannochloropsis genome to generate mutants lacking of nitrate reductase gene and harbouring an expression
cassette containing OmpK gene fragment. Nannochloropsis sp. was transformed using electroporation and
transformation was validated at the genomic level, transcriptional level and translational level. This study described
the construction of expression vectors for green microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp. with capabilities for specific
insertion into the genome as well as the stable expression of the heterologous gene from the transfected
Nannochloropsis sp. Overall. this study explored the potential of a genetic manipulation of a common green
microalga with the hope of hopes that Nannochloropsis sp. can be utilised as a vaccine delivery system to stimulate
fish’s immune system in combating diseases. Not only that, the findings also shed some light on the various other
potential Nannochloropsis sp. might have since it is versatile in its usage.
Keyword: Nannochloropsis sp., microalga, homologous recombination
Zetty Norhana Balia Yusof
Associate Professor
Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Field of Specialty: Plant-Algae Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Dr. Zetty is currently an Associate Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of
Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Her research interests include looking at
thiamine (vitamin B1) biosynthesis pathway in plants, specifically in oil palm, microalgae and seaweeds. She is
interested in investigating the role of thiamine towards the immune system of plants, specifically in Malaysia’s
golden crop, oil palm (Elaies guineensis). She has authored and co-authored more than 30 research papers with more
than 40 conference proceedings and have won several best paper and best poster awards along the way.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P-012
Role of water systems in the transmission of pathogens and antibiotic resistance
Dr. Aiko Adell Nakashima
ANID Millennium Science Initiative/ Millennium Initiative for Collaborative Research on Bacterial Resistance (MICROB-R),
Santiago, Chile. School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago,Chile
Email: aiko.adell@unab.cl
Introduction: The food market is currently demanding high standards of safety in plant products intended for
human consumption. Irrigation of crops with microbiologically polluted water is one of the important sources of
food contamination. Therefore, the evaluation of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in agricultural water is a pivotal
point. In our studies we have evaluated the presence of fecal indicator bacteria and Salmonella, as well as
enteropathogenic resistant bacteria at various watersheds that are used to irrigate crops in central Chile.
Purpose: Evaluate the water quality on fecal indicator, Salmonella and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in superficial
water that has direct agricultural use.
Methods: Water samples from different watershed was collected either as grab water or using a modified Moore
swab protocol. 1L of grab water was used to quantify fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli using chromogenic agar.
Samples were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. following Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM)
methodologies. Resistant enterobacteria were detected in 10L of river water using a modified Moore swab protocol.
River water and produce samples collected in local farmer markets were enriched with peptone water incubated at
37°C overnight. The enriched samples were seeded in MacConkey agar supplemented with ciprofloxacin (CIP) and
ceftazidime (CAZ) and incubated at 37°C. Isolates were identified by MALFI-TOF and antibiotic susceptibility
profile was performed.
Preliminary Results: Elevated levels of fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and E. coli) and Salmonella have
been detected in diverse water matrices used to irrigate crops. Furthermore, antibiotic resistant and multi drug
resistant Enterobacteria were found in both irrigation water and in produce samples. Environmental factors are
important factors to consider when evaluating agricultural water quality based on Salmonella detection.
Significance: Our results will allow a better understanding the role of superficial water in the dispersion and
maintenance of the antibiotic resistant bacteria
Dr. Aiko Adell Nakashima
Assistant Professor
School of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Life Sciences
Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
Field of Specialty: Epidemiology, zoonotic agents, waterborne pathogens, risk analysis,
Dr. Aiko Adell completed PhD in Comparative Pathology, a title obtained in 2013 carried out
at the University of California, Davis, in the United States. Dr. Adell's main area of research has focused on two
protozoan parasites of worldwide distribution and importance: Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis.
Currently, Dr. Adell is a collaborator of the Millennium Nucleus 2018 entitled "Interdisciplinary approach to
antimicrobial resistance" and Fondef Idea 2018 entitled "FageCapsuleS, micro-encapsulated Salmonella
bacteriophages with large and small intestine release technology"
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P-013
Microcystin decontamination treatments for seafood
Sogol Dolatianjelogir1, Amirali Anvar1, Bahareh Nowruzi2*
1 Assistant professor, Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2 Assistant professor,
Department of food Hygiene, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
E-mail: bahareh.nowruzi@srbiau.ac.ir
In recent years, cyanotoxins increasing steadily due to climate change and human activities. Microcystins are the
most abundant cyanotoxins that are classified as hepatotoxins and affect the safety of various foods such as
seafood. Also, they affect human health indirectly by damaging the liver, stimulating the proliferation of cancer
cells in the liver, and inhibiting protein phosphatase. In aquatic organisms, developing fish are more vulnerable to
microcystins than adult fish. Because of their excessive accumulation in the liver and viscera, humans can reduce
the threat of poisoning by remove viscera. Since conventional water treatments are not effective in removing
microcystins, others should be applied. Two approaches are suggested to rich this purpose: Physical Treatments
and Chemical Oxidants. In the physical treatments, UV light as water disinfection can eradicate microcystins by a
sufficient dose of UV irradiation. Experiments have shown, microwave irradiation and continuous boiling
decrement microcystin-LR, -RR, and -YR in fish muscle. The presence of large amounts of organic matter or
particulate in water reduces UV efficiency. In the chemical oxidants, chlorination is effective at pH values below 8,
and ozonation, pH values are effective in microcystin degradation. The exception in ozonation is microcystin-LR
that has nothing to do with pH. Researches have shown that a combination of UV and ozone has a greater impact
on microcystin degradation. Due to the problems for seafood, and their indirect impact on human health (exorbitant
costs of human treatment, reduction of human efficiency, and even sometimes irreparable damages), raising
awareness and investing in water treatments is more efficient.
Keywords: cyanotoxin, microcystin, seafood, fish, treatment
Dr. Bahareh Nowruzi
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology,
Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Field of Expertise: bioactive compounds, LC-MS, HPLC
Dr. Bahareh Nowruzi completed her PhD in plant physiology from Department of Biology, Kharazmi University,
Iran (2008-2012) on a project looking at the genetic potential for production of secondary metabolites in Nostoc.
She has worked on bioactive compounds of cyanobacteria, isolation with with LC-MS and purification with HPLC
while possesing experience on Molecular Biology (DNA or RNA extraction, PCR, PCR Sequencing, Cloning,
Protein Expression and purification, N - 15 labeling and Amino acid analysis). She was selected by a three-member
International Phycological Congress Fund Financial Assistance Committee to receive financial support 10th
International Phycological Congress, Orlando, Florida 32821-8007 USA, 4-10 August 2013.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
An MHC-II specific super enhancer controls expression and chromatin
architecture within the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 locus
Abstract ID:
P-014
Parimal Majumder, PhD
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA30033
email: pmajumd@emory.edu
In both humans, CTCF-binding elements form a series of interacting loops across the MHC-II locus and CTCF is
required for maximal MHC-II gene expression. The CTCF bound chromatin insulator termed XL9 and a clusters of
complex cis regulatory elements termed super enhancer (SE) DR/DQ-SE situated in intergenic region between HLADRB1 and HLA-DQA1 play critical roles in regulating MHC-II expression. Mechanisms by how such elements work
to regulate their target genes are largely unknown. Two SEs termed DR/DQ-SE and XL9-SE are situated within the
human MHC class II locus between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes and are highly enriched for disease
causing SNPs. In MHC-II expressing cells, these SEs are associated with active histone modifications and are
bound by the class II transactivator, CIITA. To test the function of these elements, we generated a series of
overlapping deletion mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Deletion of the DR/DQ-SE showed reduced expression
of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes. An assessment of chromatin interactions between these elements showed that
the SEs interacted with each other and the promoters of the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 genes. The DR/DQ-SE also
interacted with neighboring CTCF binding sites. Importantly, deletion of the DR/DQ-SE reduced the local
chromatin interactions, implying it functions as the organizer for the local 3D architecture. These data provide
direct mechanisms by which an MHC-II SE contributes to expression of the locus and suggests how variation in
these SE may contribute to human disease and altered immunity.
Keyword: CTCF, MHC-II, CRISPR/Cas9
Dr. Parimal Majumder
Assistant Professor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Emory University School of Medicine
Atlanta, USA
Field of Specialty: Immunology, Immuneregulation, Immune system gene regulation
Dr. Majumder's research seeks to understand the functional mechanism of action through which novel cis-elements
control human major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) gene expression, and to identify protein
components required for the function of these cis-elements. MHC-II gene expression is tissue-specific, and is
regulated both developmentally and by the actions of immune cytokines. Proper expression of the MHC-II genes is
important for the maintenance of a healthy and active adaptive immune system. Failure to properly regulate MHC-II
results in a defective immune system and can lead to many disorders including autoimmune diseases, infectious
diseases and cancers.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Planetary Health Perspectives and Implications of COVID-19
Abstract ID:
P-015
Dr. Byomkesh Talukder
Planetary Health Fellow, Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research (DIGHR), York University, Canada.
E mail: Byomkesh.talukder@gmail.com
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread across the world since the first case was reported in Wuhan,
Hubei province, China, in December 2019. There are various natural and anthropogenic factors of the emergence
and spread of COVID-19. Despite all the measures the spread of COVID-19 is causing unprecedented direct and
indirect risk on non-linearly related complex adaptive systems of the social, political, economic,
knowledge/technological and environmental realms which can be framed by the concept of planetary health.
Therefore, by systematically employing the complex adaptive systems framework in this paper the multiple
planetary health-related perspectives of COVID-19 are investigated. To understand the implications of COVID-19
on different dimensions of planetary health, the set of planetary health indicators that are proposed in Lancet
Countdown have been tested. Understanding the perspectives and implications of COVID-19 in terms of a planetary
health context is important to manage and take action against the financial, political, social and environmental
ramifications associated with it.
Keywords: COVID-19, Planetary Health, Complex Adaptive Systems, SDGs.
Dr. Byomkesh Talukder
Research Fellow, Planetary Health
Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research (York University)
Toronto, Canada
Field of Specialty: Statistics, Food Science, Agronomy, Agricultural economics,
Biogeography, Geography, Hydrology
Dr. Byomkesh Talukder is the inaugural Planetary Health Fellow at the Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health
Research (York University), where he works at the intersection of health, sustainable development, climate change,
food and agriculture. His past research applies a complexity science approach to designing sustainability assessment
models of food and agricultural systems in Bangladesh. He has authored and co-authored 20 research articles with
multiple conference proceedings. Since 2016, he has been a Mitacs Postdoctoral Fellow at Parmalat Canada and the
Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
P-016
Microbiome: An Emerging Player in Human Health and Disease
Md. Fakruddin
Research Scientist, Laboratory of Stem Cell Stress, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Japan.
Email: fakruddinmurad@gmail.com
Through evolution, microbes (bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes) have adapted to live on and within human
body, ultimately comprising the human microbiome. Though overlooked for long, recent evidences elucidated that
these organisms impact human physiology (enhancement or impairment of metabolic and immune functions) both in
steady state and in disease conditions.
This talk aims to summarize recent updates on the role of microbiome in the initiation and progression of human
diseases as well as in health and longevity.
Rapid advances of sequence-based tools and technology as well as humanized and gnotobiotic animal model
allowed us to gain novel insight on interplay and cross-talk between microbiome and host cells in a variety of niche
in human body. Role of microbiome in the development of human diseases such as Inflammatory Bowel
Disease (IBD), obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, gout, depression, arthritis and
neurodegenerative diseases has already been reported in recent papers. Microbiome has also been associated with
infant health and longevity, though detail mechanism of those interactions are not clear yet. Microbiota interacts
with host immune cells directly as well as indirectly through producing unique metabolites leading to dysfunction of
host machineries and progression towards diseases. Novel therapies such as faecal microbiota transplantation,
probiotics and prebiotics to correct microbiome dysbiosis showed exciting potential to ameliorate disease symptoms.
Though the field of microbiome-human disease is still a juvenile but rapidly exploding, it is expected that new
insights will provide better understanding of complex interplay between microbiome and host cells and novel
diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures in the context of precision medicine will be introduced in near
future.
Keywords: microbiome, human, health, disease, inflammation, infection.
Dr. Md. Fakruddin
Postdoctoral fellow
International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS),
Kumamoto University, Japan
Field of Specialty: Microbiome, Mitochondria, Hematopoiesis
Dr. Fakruddin is currently working as Research Scientist at International Research Center for
Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Japan. His expertise are in diverse fields of biology, a wide
range of specialized techniques and data analysis tools. His current research focus on elucidation of complex
interplay between microbiome, mitochondrial tRNA modifications and hematopoiesis involving mouse models and
human samples, advanced techniques and international collaborations. Dr. Fakruddin has authored and co-authored
more than 85 research articles.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID-01
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES AT
MOHAMMED VI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN OUJDA-MOROCCO.
S. LAMRABAT1,2, A. NAILI1,2, I. NAJI1,2, H. CHARIF1,2, A. HAMI1,2
1: Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, Mohammed VI University Hospital 2: Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed
the first), Oujda, MOROCCO
E-mail: lam.somiya@gmail.com
Background: Superficial mycoses(SM) are very frequent infectious diseases of the skin, the integuments and
mucous membranes caused by fungi: yeasts, dermatophytes and molds.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study spread over three years and nine months from January 2017 to
September 2020, epidemiological and clinical data were collected and exploited.
Results: Superficial fungal infections were confirmed in 352 cases or 46% from all samples examined, the sex ratio
F /M was 1,03. The average age was 45,82 years. The samples received from external consultant patients are more
common (74.58 %). This work confirms the predominance of superficial mycoses dermatophyte (85.77%) followed
by yeast (14.2%). Isolated dermatophytes are dominated by Trichophyton rubrum (74,72%), the yeast by Candida
albicans (10,51%). (Table1) Onychomycosis is the most encountered fungal accounting for (64.42%) of all
superficial fungal skin infections followed by epidermomycoses (34.58%) and Tinea capitis (1%).
Discussion: The frequency of SM in our study is 46%. This percentage is lower than that found in a Moroccan study
carried out in the Avicenna Military Hospital which was 64,27%. Compared to the general nonimmunocompromised population, the prevalence of SM in a global study was 20% to 25% still lower than ours. Our
results disagree with the data in the literature. This difference can be explained by several factors such as age, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, hygiene and the presence of pets, can vary from one region to another in time.
Conclusion: The Mycology laboratory plays a key role in the rapid diagnosis of mycosis of the nail and skin and
also determines the introduction of appropriate treatment and prevention through the epidemiological study of these
fungi whose frequency continues to grow.
Keywords: superficial fungal infection; epidemiology; Trichophyton rubrum; Candida albicans; Morocco.
Abstract ID:
IVID-03
Virotherapy can be a potential approach for cancer treatment
SayedKoushik Ahamed1, Md. Rezwan Ahmed Mahedi2, Sadia Afrin3.
1Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Comilla University, M.Pharm(NSTU), B.Pharm(NSTU), , 2Department of Pharmacy,Comilla
University, Bangladesh, 3Department of Pharmacy, Comilla University, Bangladesh,
E-mail: kousikahmad88@gmail.com
Introduction: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery are used to treat cancer in the traditional way. However,
chemotherapy and radiation therapy do not precisely destroy cancer cells, for which healthy cells are also damaged.
Virotherapy can be a unique way to treat cancer by preventing those side effects, and affects on cancer cells more
precisely.
Objective: There is a specific receptor or place for the virus to reproduce. There are viruses that can naturally infect
cancer cells for reproduction, allowing the body's immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells and viruses
through those viruses. In that sense, we can make virotherapy more suitable for cancer treatment.
Method: There are three branches of virotherapy, they are- anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral
immunotherapy&viral vectors. Oncolytic viruses are used in virotherapy because of their anticancer properties, and
the FDA approved a virotherapy drug called Talimogenelaherparepvec (T Vec) in 2015. Moreover, modified viruses
through biotechnology are capable of destroying cancer cells, which act as viral vectors. Combining viruses and
immunotherapy can also help prevent cancer.
Result: The T-Vecvirotherapy drug approved in 2015 proved to be very suitable in curing melanoma cancer.
Moreover, the drug is considered to be used as both gin therapy and targeted therapy. Although there are only a
handful of side effects, it has yielded an 88% positive result in curing melanoma cancer.
Discussion: The T-Vec drug was used to make the HSV-1 virus, which is later recognized as an effective drug. With
some development of this drug, it will be possible to introduce virotherapy against melanoma free of side effects.
Conclusion: The number of viruses is innumerable, moreover, not all the features of all the viruses have been
discovered yet. Therefore, more research is needed to find a cure for many more cancers using the virus.
Keywords: Cancer, Virotherapy, T Vec, Oncolytic Virus, Viral Vector.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID-04
1.
IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS
Dr. Khawaja Shakeel Ahmed,1, 2 Nahom Fissehay, 1 Yacob Berhane,1 Danait Aregay, 1Haben
Okbamichael, 1 Samsom Maekele, 1 Zekarias Berhane1
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea, 2. College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita
Sodo, Ethiopia
E-mail: khajashakeel@gmail.com
Background: Aloe camperi, and Meriandra bengalensis, which are traditionally used in the management of
different diseases, the hidden potential of the two plants for their anti-inflammatory activity was assessed with the
employment of two assays along with preliminary phytochemical analysis.
Methods: The plants were extracted using cold and hot extraction methods. For the cold extraction, 70% ethanol
alcoholic solvent was used and the hot extraction hot soxhlet extraction was carried out using 4 solvents arranged in
their increasing polarity starting with n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol and at last distilled water. The percentage
yield was calculated for each plant extract.
Results: The anti-inflammatory effect of these two plants was evaluated using two assays that demonstrate the
inflammatory mechanism in-vitro settings. In the first assay, the potency of the plants in safeguarding albumin from
heat-induced in-vitro denaturation was assessed, and out of all the plant extracts, n-hexane showed the best
safeguarding activity of 36.7% and 66.8% at the lowest (6.25ug/ml) and highest (100ug/ml) concentrations
respectively, followed by methanol and chloroform extracts. In addition to inhibition of the albumin denaturation
method, the anti-proteinase activity of the plants and the effectiveness of the plants to avert the lysosomal enzymes
were also assessed. The results obtained showed a linear increase in the activity of the anti-proteinase effect as the
concentrations rose.
Discussion: The dried extracts of Aloe camperi from n-hexane and chloroform exhibited a higher albumin
denaturation inhibition activity, whereas higher anti-proteinase activity was achieved by the methanolic extract. For
the plant Meriandra, bengalensis potent inhibition of albumin denaturation was exhibited by ethanolic and distilled
water extracts. Also, potent proteinase inhibition activity was obtained from the aqueous and alcoholic solvents
except for chloroform.
Conclusion: Based on the outcomes obtained we concluded that these plants have compelling anti-inflammatory
effects. However, further in-vivo studies, advanced phytochemical screenings, toxicity tests are recommended.
Key words: Meriandra bengalensis, Aloe camperi, Anti-inflammatory
Abstract ID:
IVID-05
Synthesis of Silver Nano particles using Catharanthus roseus leaves:Invitro
Antioxidant and Antidiabetic activity
E.Deepika* and K.S.Santhy**
*Research scholar, Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher education for Women, Coimbatore-43, Tamil
Nadu **Professor, Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher education for Women, Coimbatore-43, Tamil Nadu.
E-mail: deepikaaekambaram@gmail.com*
Background: Green resources which perform the synthesis of nano particles are reliable, eco-friendly and evade the
practice of elevated use of harmful chemicals. Nanoparticle-based cellular delivery has been extensively used owing
to their properties like accessibility, high functionality and competence in targeting specific areas for the release of
drugs. Catharanthus roseus is a tropical plant of family Apocynaceaegrown as an ornamental plant for its rosy or
white flowers.Many studies reported that the leaf extract has been taken as an infusion in treating diabetes. Impelling
the advancement of nanotechnology, the present investigation aims to synthesize metallic nanoparticle by bio
reduction method using the aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseusand examine its antidiabetic efficacy.
Methodology: Bio synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out with their characterization including UV
spectroscope, FTIR and SEM analysis. Priorly phytochemical analysis screened the presence qualitative compounds.
The Antioxidant assessment was done by DPPH and Reducing power assay. The invitroAntidiabetic assay (αAmylase Inhibition) as well thein-silico approach was performed to analyze the Antidiabetic potential of
Catharanthus leaves. Target proteins such as 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (PDB ID: 1XU7), Glucagon
like peptide-1 (PDB ID: 3IOL), Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PDB ID:4Y14) were chosen for molecular
docking against the ligands screened from GCMS data.
Results: The color change, UV-vis spectrum, FTIR and SEM examination supported the Bio synthesis and
characterization of nanoparticles. The synthesized nano particles showed a strong invitro Antioxidant activity with
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
good scavenging percentage of 90.88% compared to the standard which was 99.84%. Similarly, the amylase
inhibition activity exhibited a dose dependent effect of biosynthesized nano particles. The docking study revealed
that compounds showed the highest binding affinity and good hydrogen bond interactions with active site residues.
Conclusion: Hence the activities demonstrated suggest they could be useful in many therapeutic actions.
Key words: Silver nanoparticles, Molecular docking, Antidiabetic.
Abstract ID:
IVID-06
Role of SUMOylation in Human Oncogenic Herpesvirus Infection
1.
Bushra Tasnim Haque 2.Fahmida Haque Riya 3.Manila Meem
Department of Pharmacy, Brac University
E-mail: bushra.tasnim.haque@g.bracu.ac.bd
Background: SUMO (Small Ubiquitin like Modifier) have a certain role to govern several cellular processes where
the post-translational modification is completed in the target proteins. Human oncogenic herpesviruses named
Epstein - Barr virus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus have manifested to be responsible for many
human cancers having a life cycle of latent and lytic replication. The review was conducted to exhibit the research
conducted in several decades to decode their association for oncogenic contributions. The aim of the research here is
to explore the connection between tumor infections and SUMO-alteration on how SUMOylation can modulate the
latent and lytic replication of EBV and KSHV.
Methods: SUMOylation plays an important role in cellular processes but EBV and KSHV viruses hijack the
SUMOylation machinery by expressing viral proteins during latent and lytic replication in the infected host cell to
establish a favorable environment.
Result: A number of evidence proved the cross-talk between the SUMO and Ubiquitin systems through STUbLs
enzyme enhances both transcription and replication of viral genome and host cells takes advantage from this
process.
Discussion: Increasing studies and researches have provided evidences that SUMOylation is a reversible process
that covalently bind SUMO to its target protein’s lysine residue resulting in altered regulation of protein function
such as altering intracellular location, their ability to interact with DNA, turnover or ability to interact with other
proteins. Moreover, viruses have designed their own strategies to restrict SUMO signalling that contributes to
developing a favorable cellular microenvironment for viral replication and survival.
Conclusion : The role of SUMO in herpesvirus replication and elements of the SUMOylation process have been a
focus of future research for medical science and showing potential for developing advanced cancer therapeutics.
Key words: SUMOylation, cancer, infectious disease, virus.
Abstract ID:
IVID-10
Network Typology of COVID-19 in the Philippines
Rodrin R. Rivera, Jhudiel B. Lobitana, Herbert Glenn P. Reyes, Steve Embang, Margie Flores,
Fe Sharon C. Tubal & Vincent T. Lapinig
Northwestern Mindanao State College of Science and Technology
Email: rodrin.rivera@nmsc.edu.ph
Introduction: This paper provides a social network analysis in the spread of the disease COVID-19in the
Philippines and established the situation from the beginning and how it outbreaks the population dynamics in the
Philippine archipelago through cluster formation.
Methodology: The study employed a descriptive type of research. Data on the number of COVID-19 cases were
gathered from the official website of the Department of Health (DOH) of the Philippines from January 30-June 30,
2020. The COVID-19 cases were categorized per province with respect to their date of occurrence, travel history
and the closest proximity level per area. The data given were sorted by date of confirmation (from oldest to latest).
The data sets (nodes and edges) were imported to the social network software GEPHI in order to establish the
different networks induced by the interactions of individual cases.
Result: Results revealed that the disease’s spread in the country has reached the stage-3 phase of disease
transmission which is community transmission.Findings further showed that Metro Manila is the super spreader
province, the central node, and the most connected node with an out-degree of 36, betweeness centrality of 133.5,
and degree of 37, respectively. Among the Provinces, Bulacan is the most influential node or province with an
Eigenvector Centrality of 1 because it serves as an entry point from Manila to the other Provinces in the Northern
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Luzon. It can also be noted that the modularity of the spread of the COVID-19 cases in the country was six. This
means that there were six major clusters formed which were the Metro Manila cluster, Davao del Sur cluster, Cebu
cluster, Abra cluster, Bulacan cluster, and Tarlac cluster. Furthermore, in the Visayas, Cebu plays a critical role in
the spread of the disease to other neighboring Provinces with a betweeness centrality of 112.
Conclusion: Based on the number of COVID-19 cases during the quarantine period, the Inter-Agency Task Force or
IATF must review and re-strategize their current strategy in order to contain the spread of the virus.
Keywords: COVID-19, Infliction, Infection Rate, Mortality Rate, Typology, IATF.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 11
TUBERCULOSIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS AS A PROBLEM OF
MODERN MEDICINE
Liliia Todoriko, Ihor Semianiv
Bukovinian State Medical University, Ukraine
Email: igor_semianiv@bsmu.edu.ua
Background: It is generally known that diabetes is the background for the development of tuberculosis and such
comorbidity not only significantly complicates the specific process, but also is one of the main risk factors for
tuberculosis recurrence. The aim of the study is a comprehensive retrospective assessment of the combination of
tuberculosis and diabetes.
Materials and methods: Our study is based on an analysis of statistical data obtained from a retrospective study of
762 case histories.
Results: Depending on the type of TB case in our patients, we found that in both groups of the study the recurrence
of TB prevailed – 49 cases (55.7%) against TB 39 cases (44.3%) of people in the main group; 363 cases (53.9%)
against 311 (46.1%) in the control group (p <0.05).
The rate of successful treatment in gr.2 is probably higher than in gr. 1 (64.7% vs. 61.4%). However, a more
significant probable difference is characterized by the treatment rate, which in the main group is 27.3% versus
40.3% in the control group (almost 2 times). The rate of ineffective treatment, which in patients with comorbidity
was 27.3% (almost every third patient) against 17.6% in group 2 is also important for scientists and practitioners.
Conclusions: The pulmonary tuberculosis developed significantly more often in middle-aged patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus with moderate and severe states, the subcompensated form, with a complicated course. In patients
with diabetes more often was registered a common tuberculous process in the lungs and in all 100% of patients with
syntropy bacterial excretion was registered, as well in all 100% of patients with syntropy bacterial excretion was
registered.
Keywords: tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, treatment, epidemiology.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 13
Developing of switching ON-OFF for CAR T Cell Immune therapiest
Khlood Ahmed Elreafaey
Academic position: student on faculty of biotechnology 3rd year in October university for modern science and arts (MSA)
Email: khlood.ahmed@msa.edu.eg
Introduction: CAR: (chimeric antigen receptor) is a form of cell-based immunotherapy that has shown great
success in treating some advanced cancers that can regulate the T-cell activity of this antigen receptor. Reported
studies have shown how convertible CAR T cells can be turned ON or OFF, by exposure to the commonly used
cancer drug, lenalidomide.
Methodology: Researchers designed CAR T cells that could be rapidly and reversibly switched off by administering
the drug, after which the CAR T cells would regain their anti-tumor activity again. 24 patients with untreated CLL
and enrolled in Phase 2 clinical trials were recruited and obtained peripheral blood samples for immunological
studies.
Result: To assess their ability to synthesize cytokines after activation by a T-cell receptor, the clinical characteristics
of the 24 patients included in the study indicated that the patients did not respond to treatment and were excluded
from the study after 3 cycles. 18patients had partial (PR) responses after 3 or 9 cycles of treatment including 3
nodular partial responses (nPR) after 9 cycles of treatment. 4 patients had complete (CR) responses, and two patients
had incomplete CR (CRi) after 15 or 21 cycles of treatment, but it could cause side effect on life-threatening
inflammatory reactions that were difficult to control. CAR T is sometimes referred to as cytokine release syndrome
(CRS), which can cause toxicity that leads to organ failure.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Conclusion: CAR: (chimeric antigen receptor) is an immunotherapy used to treat some advanced cancers with live
linalidomide, but this treatment has some effects Side effects that are avoided by trying to develop strategies to
control CAR T cell activity in order to prevent these toxic side effects and allow patients to take a pill - or not would adjust the amount of CAR T cell activity from day to day, as an approach to reduce toxic effects.
Keywords: T-cells –CAR – treatment – immune therapy-side effect
Abstract ID:
IVID - 14
INCIDENCE OF CARBAPENEM RESISTANTANCE AMONG GRAM
NEGATIVE BACTERIAL ISOLATES IN TANTA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL,
EGYPT.
Eslam S. Ghazy(1, 2, 3)*,Tarek E. El-Banna (1) and Fatma I. Sonbol (1)
1Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt.
2 Institute of Bionanotechnology, RUDN University, Russia.
3 FRC of Biotechnology of the RAS, A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russia
* E-mail: eslam_ghazy@pharm.tanta.edu.eg
Background :The occurrence of carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacterial (CRGNB) isolates in a hospital
environment poses not only a therapeutic problem, but also a serious concern for infection control management with
the global increase in the occurrence and types of different carbapenemases, early detection is crucial. This study
detects the occurrence and prevalence of carbapenem resistance among clinical bacterial isolates from Tanta
university hospital, Egypt.
Methods: From different departments of Tanta university hospital, a total of 1000 clinical samples were collected
and sub cultured on MacConkey agar. All the isolates (n=587) were subjected to preliminary screening for
imipenem resistant isolates using Muller Hinton agar plates containing the break point concentration (4 μg/ml) of
imipenem. Identification of IMPR isolates was performed by MALDI TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
of IMPR isolates was performed using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and quantitative antibiogram cluster
analysis was deduced. MIC of imipenem against IMPR isolates was determined using agar dilution method.
Results: A total of 1000 clinical samples were cultured on Macconkey agar where 587 (58.7%) Gram negative
bacterial isolates were recovered. Preliminary screening for imipenem resistant showed that 104 out of 587 (17.7%)
isolates were imipenem resistant (IMPR) where K. pneumoniae had the highest incidence (33/104; 31.4%) followed
by P.mirabilis (32/104; 30.5%), P. aeruginosa (28/104; 26.7%), E.coli (9/104; 8.6%) and E. aerogenes (2/104;
1.9%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the highest incidence of resistance was observed among
beta lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins) antibiotics where 96 up to 100% of isolates were resistant .
Conclusion: the high (17.7%) incidence of carbapenem resistance among Gram negative bacterial isolates is
alarming problem among hospital settings especially because of their high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, all
penicillins and quinolone. Also, this study displayed a good sensitivity of IMPR isolates to chloramphenicol.
Key words: Carbapenemase, Metallobetalactamases, Double-disk synergy test (DDST),
Abstract ID:
IVID-17
Gastrointestinal parasitic Infections in wild mammals of a safari park and a zoo
in Bangladesh
Sabrina Ferdous1, 2, Mohammad Rayhan Faruque1, Joya Chowdhury2, Tanjila Hasan1,
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman1, Mohammad Abdul Alim3
1Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh,
2Department of Clinical Courses, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gono Bishwabiddaloy Savar-1344, Dhaka, 3Department of Pathology and Parasitology; Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh.
E-mail: sabrinacvasu@gmail.com
Background: In safari parks and zoos, wild animals are kept mainly for the recreational purpose along with
educational, research and conservation. To ensure better management and good health of wild animals in captivity, it
is important to monitor the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections as well. The current investigation
was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of GI parasitic infections in wild mammals at Bangabandhu Sheikh
Mujib Safari Park and Chattogram Zoo in Bangladesh.
Method: A total of 72 (29 from safari park and 43 from zoo) fecal samples were collected from 25 species (14
herbivores, 05 carnivore & 06 omnivore species) of wild mammals. Routine qualitative (e.g., direct smear,
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
sedimentation and flotation) and quantitative (e.g. McMaster technique) tests were performed to identify the ova or
oocysts of helminths and protozoa.
Result: Results demonstrated that wild mammals of both safari park and zoo were infected with a total of 18 species
of helminths and protozoa. The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infections in wild mammals was 72.4% in the
safari park and 60.5% in the zoo. In both enclosures, infection with nematodes was more frequent in the wild
mammals. The herbivores were more infected with GI parasites compared to carnivores and omnivores of both
safari park and zoo. The average egg of per gram (EPG) was the highest in the carnivores compared to herbivores
and omnivores of the both enclosures.
Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated that wild mammals of safari park and zoo were suffered from
various species of GI parasites where some of those parasites have zoonotic significance. We recommend regular
monitoring and ensurement of proper therapeutic measures for the prevention and control of GI parasitic infections
in captive animals.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal parasitic infections, safari park, wild mammals, zoo.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 18
Hepatitis B Infection among Commercial Sex Workers in Lyantonde Town,
Central Uganda: Prevalence, Knowledge and Practices
Erick Thokerunga1*, Akatujuna Asumprisio2, Semakula Dennis2, Abomugisha Innocent2, Yikita
Derrick and Gilbert Akankwatsa3
1School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, China., 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of
Science and Technology, Uganda. 3Epicenter Mbarara Research Center, Uganda
.
Email: eriku04@gmail.com
Introduction: The study was conducted in Lyantonde district, central Uganda, from November 2019 to January
2020 to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B infection among female commercial sex workers in the town so as to
inform interventions.
Methodology: Included were 207 consented commercial sex workers operating in Lyantonde town at the time of the
study. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on bio-data, knowledge on hepatitis B
infection and practices. Blood samples were then collected and transported to Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital
Laboratory for analysis.
Results: Hepatitis B prevalence of 12.6% was established among the commercial sex workers. 207 participants with
a mean age of 26 ± 3.801 were studied. 28.0% were married, 30.4% cohabiting, 12.1% single and 29.5% divorced.
15.0% had no formal education, 28.5% had primary level education and 56.5% had secondary level education.
60.4% lived on less than one dollar a day. All the participants had ever heard of hepatitis B infection. 95.6% knew of
sexual transmission, 44.9% knew it spreads through sharing sharps, 4.8% had awareness of mother to child
transmission at birth and 38.6% thought the disease is unpreventable. Thirty-five-point seven percent (35.7%) had
ever tested before but none vaccinated. All the participants reported irregular condom use during sex and nonconfessed to intravenous or illicit drug use.
Discussion: Prevalence is thrice the national average of 4.3%, probably due to inconsistent condom use as reported
and a high prevalence of Hepatitis B in the neighboring district from where some clients come. Similarly, long
distance truck drivers enroute to Rwanda rest in the town and could be facilitating infection spread.
Conclusion: Hepatitis B infection is highly prevalent in this population, unfortunately majority are unaware of their
status and do not consistently practice safe sex e.g., condom use. A targeted vaccination program is highly
recommended.
Keywords: Hepatitis B infection; Lyantonde town; prevalence; Central Uganda.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 19
The role of Hospital Pharmacist to mitigate the challenges for management of
COVID- 19 patients
Joysree Das [1], and Srijib Chakraborty [2]*
1.Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chattogram, *2. Student, Department of Pharmacy, BGC
Trust University Bangladesh, Chattogram
Email:joysreepharma@gmail.com
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Background : Pharmacists around the world have played a crucial role in implementing groundbreaking methods to
mitigate the obstacles of the pandemic since the onset of the latest coronavirus outbreak in December 2019. The
motto of the research is to alleviate the issues and challenges that were facing by hospital pharmacist.
Objective : Identify and explain the key services rendered by the hospital pharmacist during the COVID-19
pandemic situation.
Method : Two independent authors carried out the study and secondary data were collected by a collaboration
method.
Results : Identified threads and comments culminated in three major themes: (1) a constructive presence during the
pandemic, (2) new tasks and resources, and (3) passive or divisive positions from the hospital pharmacists.
Responsibilities for home supply and participation in commercial and business efforts to deal with the corona virus
sufferer have been summarized. In hospitals, pharmacists serving as first-line health professional to meet the
challenges for the management of the COVID-19 patients A passive view was seen more in pharmacists those were
not proactive in this situation but they are seeking to increase profits margin during the pandemic.
Discussion : As medical services experts, the drug specialists can assume key part during the pandemic, acting
straightforwardly with the community, proceeding to think about patients with constant diseases, working in clinic
drug stores and giving drug care to COVID-19 patients. Moreover, they may give dependable data to forestalling,
distinguishing, treating, overseeing COVID-19 related infections, here a few difficulties have arisen so creative
methodologies being embraced by pharmacists to defeat it also.
Conclusion : During the coronavirus pandemic, pharmacists viewed their position as a positive influence. Not only
did they take responsibilities for their regular services, they also manage and control their actions for assuring safety
and satisfaction of patients.
Keywords: Pharmacists,pandemic, COVID-19 patients, influence, passive.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 20
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CBNAAT AND OTHER CONVENTIONAL
METHODS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRAPULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS(EPTB)
NAILA BEGUM, AMIT SINGH
JUNIOR RESIDENT, PROFESSOR
Email: naila.1668@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: TB has been a major global health problem from times immemorial. During the last decade, the
diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has made remarkable progress however diagnostic challenges in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) remain to be addressed. The pauci-bacillary nature of disease, variable clinical
presentation and need for invasive procedure for sample collection makes the diagnosis difficult. Diagnosis requires
high clinical suspicion and special diagnostic procedures.
METHODOLOGY: A retrospective analysis was carried on 66 clinically suspected tuberculosis samples from
extrapulmonary sites (lymph node, pus, CSF, Ascitic fluid, pleural fluid and pericardial fluid). All samples were
subjected to ZN smear examination, LJ medium culture and PCR test (CBNAAT). The study was conducted at a
tertiary care center in western Uttar Pradesh from Dec 2019 to July2020
RESULTS: Out of 66 samples 37(56%) were female and 29(43.9%) were male. the positivity rates by smear
microscopy, solid culture and PCR by CBNAAT were (10)15.15%, 31.8%(21) and 72.7% (48) respectively. PCR
helped to diagnose 27 extra cases (21 vs 48) of EPTB when compared to culture.
DISCUSSION: CBNAAT showed best diagnostic yield followed by culture and microscopy. Culture method was
time consuming as compare to PCR which was rapid. In a recent study by Sharma et al, PCR was found to be highly
sensitive in diagnosing paucibacillary condition like EPTB.
CONCLUSION: CBNAAT is a very useful tool than ZN smear examination and LJ medium culture for the
diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and should be included especially for timely diagnosis so that anti
tubercular treatment can be started in time to lower the morbidity of the disease.
Keywords: CBNAAT, EPTB, AFB, LJ
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID - 21
Detection of Isoniazid Resistance in Rifampicin Sensitive Mycobacterium
tuberculosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Mukhida S, Vyawahare CR, Das NK, Mirza S, Gandham NR, MisraR.N.
Affiliation：Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. PatilVidhyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India400018
Email: drssmukhida@rediffmail.com
Background: Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (DR-MTB) burden in world is increasing day by day.
Rapid molecular diagnostic methods like CBNAAT, comments on susceptibility towards Rifampicin. Whereas
mono-resistance towards Isoniazid is also well documented. Rifampicin susceptible – isoniazid resistant MTB
numbers are increasing day by day. The aim of the study is to check drug susceptibility of both first line TB drug for
diagnosing DR-MTB by Line Probe Assay (LPA) andidentify the isoniazid mono-resistance prevalence and gene
patterns in a tertiary care set up in western part of India.
Material and Methods: Across sectional study was done for 5 years ofLPA results used for molecular detection of
DR-MTB. Bothpulmonary and extra pulmonary specimenswere considered for diagnosis by LPA. Conventional
solid and liquid culture methods like L-J media and MB/BacT were also used and CBNAATwas also performed.
Results: A total of 476out of 649(76.16%) samples were detected to be of tuberculosis. where 274(57.56%) were
males and 202(42.43%) were female patients. Total 117(27.3%) samples had mono DR or MDR-TB. Out of these
117DR-MTB specimens, 12 (10.25%) hadonly rifampicin resistance, 38(32.67%)reported mono isoniazid resistance
and 67(57.26%) had both rifampicin and isoniazid resistance. When DR prevalence was checked, either wild type
(WT) gene was missing or MUT gene was present or both were observed. In MDR–TB, either rpoB and
katGWTgene was missing or MUT gene was present or both was commonly observed. While Isoniazid mono-drug
resistance MTB had either inhAWT gene missing or MUT gene present or both.
Conclusion: Rifampicin susceptible isoniazid resistance MTB share major role in DR-MTB. We have to test
resistance for both first line drug individually to prevent these mono resistance to become MDR, XDR or TDRMTB.
Key Words: MTB, DR-MTB, MDR, CBNAAT, LPA, Mb/BacT
Abstract ID:
IVID - 22
What we should know about the European filovirus (Lloviu cuevavirus)
1Gábor Endre Tóth, 2Sándor Boldogh, 3Ágnes Balázs-Nagy, 1Gábor Kemenesi
1University of Pécs, 2Aggtelek National Park Directorate, 3Hungarian Army Medical Centre
E-mail: toth.gabor.endre@gmail.com
Background: Nowadays the reservoir role of bats in the case of filoviruses is highly suspected. Due to numerous
studies which were focused on bats several novel members of the Filoviridae family were discovered recently:
Bombali ebolavirus in Africa or Mengla dianlovirus in Asia, etc. Lloviu cuevavirus (LLOV) is the first filovirus
which were described outside of Africa. The first detection of the virus was in Spain in 2002 which were related to a
massive bat die-off event. After 14 years, we verified the re-emergence of the virus in Northeast Hungary in 2016.
Method: The main goal of the study was to conduct an extensive LLOV surveillance on the site of the re-emergence
in Hungary between 2018-2020. We were collected blood samples from live Schreibers' Bent-winged Bat (in total
331) and 8 bat carcasses to test for the presence LLOV with Real-Time RT-PCR method. The positive samples were
sequenced on Nanopore platform with an Artic-like amplicon based sequencing method.
Result: We were able to detect LLOV in 2018 and 2019 and generate updated sequence data after 18 years. This is
the first detection of the virus from live animals. The newly developed sequencing method is capable of cover the
~99% of the known Lloviu cuevavirus reference genome (NC_016144.).
Conclusion: Our results prove that the LLOV is still circulating in Hungary. As we know this is the first detection
from apparently healthy animals raises the reservoir role of the Miniopterus schreirbersii in the case of LLOV.
Keywords: European filovirus, surveillance, Lloviu cuevavirus, reservoir
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID - 23
Prevalence of Giardia lamblidia among diarrhea cases in Cambodia
Boren Huot
Puthisastra university
Email: borenhuot@gmail.com
Giardia lamblia is a flagellated, teardrop-shaped parasite and regarded as one of the most common intestinal
parasites of humans. Giardia was included in the World Health Organisation’s Neglected Disease Initiative. It is the
causative agent for giardiasis and can be found within Cambodia and worldwide. Acute diarrhea surveillance was
conducted during an ongoing cohort study in four villages, two representing rural areas and two representing periurban areas in Kampong Cham Province, Cambodia. We determined the prevalence of giardiasis in diarrheic cases
enrolled between August 2012 and December 2015 among 4,792 villagers. Stool specimens from 3,345 diarrheic
cases in rural and urban areas were collected and preserved in either 10% formalin or Proto-Fix. Concentrated stool
were analyzed by microscopic examination using wet mount and Wheatley’s Modification of Gomori Trichrome
Stain. The overall rate of G. lamblia infection was 11.6% with higher rates in peri-urban areas than rural areas
(12.3% vs. 7.2%, OR=1.8,95% CI: 1.2-2.7). Children (OR= 4.6,95% CI: 3.6-5.8) and males (OR=1.6,95% CI: 1.32.0) were at higher risk of infection than adults and females, respectively. Level of education also had an association
with the risk of G. lamblia infection wherein patients with less education (no school or primary school) were at
higher risk to get infected than the higher education group (OR=1.8,95% CI: 1.3-2.5). The availability of sanitary
facility have a lack of significant association with the infection of G. lamblia (p=0.074). This study shows that G.
lamblia is one of the most prevalent intestinal parasites in examined stool samples of diarrheic cases in Kampong
Cham Province, and it is more prevalent among children and patients with lower levels of education. This suggests
that measures to educate patients on proper personal hygiene could reduce giardiasis cases in Kampong Chom
Province.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 24
Sequence types distribution of strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated at
ALGIERS
S.MAHRANE1,H .TALIMAAMR , Z.GUECHI, CHU HUSSEIN DEY
INSTITUT PASTEUR D’ALGERIE
Email: sadjiamahrane1975@ gmail.com
Objectives: to determine the serotypes and sequence types of Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated from
invasive neonatal infections
Material and methods : A collection of strains of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from invasive neonatal
infections from cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures (20 strains of CSF and 13 strains of blood culture)
For these strains, a determination of the serotypes by multiplex PCR according to the Monica Impéri protocol was
carried out followed by an MLST according to the protocol described by Jones (2003) for the determination of ST.
The data obtained were submitted to the PUBMLST database
Results : Of the 33 strains selected, 20 strains are serotype III, 5 are serotype Ia, and 5 strains are serotype V, and
two strains are serotype IV and serotype Ib. When to distribute strains according to ST:.9 are ST 17, 8 are ST 19, 3
ST 1 and 3 ST 10, 3 ST196, 2 strains ST4, and one strain of each ST ST 23, ST26, ST870, ST278 and ST 237 8/20
meningeal strains of streptococcus group B belong to ST 17 and are all serotypes III and 6 of them are isolated
during late syndrome 6/20 of the isolates belong to ST 19 and all of serotype III and 4 of them are responsible for
late syndrome
Conclusion : The invasive strains of Streptococcus agalactiae are predominantly serotype III and belong to the two
major STs: ST17 and ST19
Keywords: Streptococcus agalactiae, CSF, ALGIERS
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID - 25
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Legionella spp.in drinking and tap water
of primary schools
Murk and Naveed Ahmed*
U.S. Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan
* E-mail: naveed.uspcasw@faulty.muet.edu.pk
Background: Contamination free water is fundamental for human being but now with technological development of
world, SDG 6.1 targets to bring successfully universal safe and easily accessible drinking water. Legionella are
coccoid or rod shaped gram negative and motile intracellular pathogens. It is considerably found in contaminated air
and natural contaminated water as well as domestic hot water supply. Presence of Legionella spp. in water of
primary schools is important as primary school goers have low immunity and might get affected by this important
human pathogenic bacterium that occupies in the air sacs of lungs and cause infections called Legionellosis and
Legionnaires disease.
Methods: This research assessed the presence of Legionella spp. in drinking water and tap water from 15 primary
schools of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan segregated into four areas i.e. Qasimabad, Sadder, and Latifabad. The
research was conducted between September to December 2020. A 300 mL sample collected in sterile bottle was
aseptically passed through filter paper and then placed on a Buffer charcoal yeast extract agar (BCYE) and then its
antibiotic resistance was done using disk diffusion method.
Results: The 26 water samples were positive for Legionella spp. out of 30 samples. The numbers of colonies
obtained area wise in drinking water and tap water per 300 ml were: Qasimabad 0-31 and 14-51, Sadder 0-22 and
21-48, Latifabad 0-15 and 7-37 respectively. Among four antibiotics most of the samples had high resistance against
ciprofloxacin and azithromycin while mild resistance to susceptible to levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin respectively.
This concludes that the drinking and tap water of schools in Hyderabad are mostly contaminated with the
ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin resistant Legionella spp. and pose a risk to the primary school going students.
Keywords: Legionella spp., Legionnaires disease, Primary schools, low immunity.
Abstract ID:
IVID - 26
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) From
a Corporate Organization, Dhaka City.
*Sabrin Sweety1, Kaniz Fatema1, Shiful Islam1
1. Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Primeasia University
E.mail: kanizfatema@primeasia.edu.bd
Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and has become a
global public health emergency. COVID -19’s impacts on workers and workplaces across the globe have been a
significant provoking economic slump. The present work was commenced with the aims of molecular-based
identification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Metro rail workers in different locations of Dhaka city.
Methodology: The nasal /throat swab from 1000 putative patients were taken and proceed to RNA extraction. RTPCR is used to identify SARS-CoV2 patients from purified RNA which is amplified by reverse transcription.
Corona virus-specific morphology was observed by electron microscopy in virus-infected Vero cells.
Result: A total 1000 sample was collected during 1st Oct to 29th Nov 2020 from a corporate organization different
locations of Dhaka city (Gabtoli, Shahbagh, Farmgate, Gulshan and Banani) where 47 Metrorail workers showed
positive to SARS-CoV2. Among them, 4% were of Japanese nationality. The potential moderating factors of age
(<10=100%, 20-49=12.15%), race and ethnicity (Japanese-4%), gender (Male-8.78%, Female-12.5%) were highly
significant findings of the study. However, family status, personality, and cultural differences also generate disparate
effects of COVID-19. Therefore, four patients experienced repetitive positive results after taking 14 days of isolation
and after revised isolation of 7 days, they became showed negative.
Conclusion: In this study, most of the SARS-CoV-2 was isolated from putative patients with unexplained (Flu,
Headache, Cough, Allergies) symptoms than COVID -19 common symptoms that indicate more tests to be done for
detecting SARS-CoV-2 at the workplace.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Workers, Work Places, Isolation.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
IVID - 27
Evaluation of the Antimycobacterial efficacy of Silver, Gold and Bimetallic
Nanoparticles synthesized using Indian medicinal plants.
Gopinath Ramalingam1*, Gowsalya Saminathan2 and Elanchezhiyan Manickan3
1Department of Microbiology, Govt Theni Medical College and Hospital, Theni, Tamil Nadu-625 512, India., 2 CSIR- Central Leather
Research Institute, Adyar,Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600020, India. 3Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras
Taramani, Chennai-600 113, India.
* E-mail: gopimicroo@gmail.com
Introduction: Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is the second most fatal infectious disease after AIDS, caused
by bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is
a global threat and requires immediate action with intervening strategies. Nanomaterials, in the present scenariohave
opened new avenues in medicine, diagnosis, and therapeutics. Several medicinal plants are used traditionally to treat
tuberculosis. The present study was carried out on silver (AgNPs), gold (AuNPs), and bimetallic (AuNPs-AgNPs)
compounds which have been used for synthesizing nanoparticles and for the investigation of the anti-mycobacterial
activity and cytotoxicity of plant extractfrom Indian medicinal plants.
Methodology: Ag NPs, Au NPs and Au–Ag NPs nano particles synthesized from medicinal plants (Andrographis
paniculata, Acalypha indica and Aloevera) were tested against MTB with standards. The Anti TB activities for the
above nanoparticles were tested at concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128μg/mL using the Microplate Alamar
Blue Assay. The active extracts were assessed for cytotoxicity on the vero cell line using the MTT assay.
Results& Discussion: The three NPs synthesized were compared on the basis of the anti TB activity; the bimetallic
NPs outperformed the other two mono NPs. When the two mono metallic NPs were compared, the gold NP was
found to be better than the silver NPs. In this study we found that the Au–AgNPs nanoparticles of A.indica exhibited
potent anti-TB activity and was considered the best candidate for anti TB drug development because of its lowest
MIC and lack of cytotoxicity at the concentration that is effective against MTB. This was followed by A. paniculata
nanoparticles and A.vera exhibited the least efficacy against MTB.
Conclusion: From this study it is concluded that A. indica may be the best plant of choice to be further studied for
its anti TB potentialas the nanoparticles synthesized from their plant extracts showed the best anti TB efficacy due to
its lowest MIC and lack of cytotoxicity. Alternatively A. paniculata can also be studied. However, the analysis on
A.vera revealed that it had minimum efficiency against MTB. Our study gives a lead that the NP based therapy may
be an alternative way to treat TB.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, H37Rv, Andrographis paniculata, Acalypha indica and Aloevera.
Abstract ID:
IVID- 28
ADHERENCE TO SURGICAL ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS IN
SURGERY: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Ann Nema Thomas1Dr.Sandra Magdalene2
Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy
E mail: ann.aphd.15@acharya.ac.in
Background: The appropriate use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the perioperative period may reduce the rate of
infection in the surgical site. The timing of antibiotic administration can different, various literature and guidelines
suggest that it must be used at least 30 min but not greater than 60 min before incision. The purpose of this study
was to evaluate adherence to guidelines for surgical antibiotic prophylaxis.
Methods: A prospective observational study included a total of 685 abdominal, orthopedic, and gynecological
operations which were performed during the study period. Cardiac cases were excluded from the study. Trained
clinical pharmacist observed selected surgeries and followed the patient’s files for the two intended study
parameters. Compliance of prophylactic antibiotic administration was evaluated according to hospital guidelines.
Data were analyzed using MS Excel.
Result: Out of 685 cases included, 629 (91.82%) cases received appropriate antibiotic as per the hospital antibiotic
guidelines whereas 8.18 % of cases saw a deviation from the protocol. The most commonly used antibiotics were
Cefuroxime axetil 200(30%) followed by Ceftazidime, 100 (15%), Cefoperazone 100 (15%) and least commonly
used drug was found out to be Ciprofloxacin (1%). Administration of antibiotic within the specified time frame was
seen in 86% of the cases. The study shows that there is a need to monitor and the increase a compliance towards
administration of antibiotics within 60 min of incision.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Discussion: According to the study Majority of the cases received appropriate antibiotics according to the hospital
guidelines. Cefuroxime was the most commonly used antibiotic where as ciprofloxacin was least used antibiotic. In
86% of the cases antibiotic administration within specified time frame was seen.
Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis must be given to all surgical cases within the specified time to avoid any
surgical site infection. Antibiotics must be selected as per the hospital antibiotic policy.
Keywords: Prophylaxis, Surgery, Antibiotic, Compliance, Time
Abstract ID:
IVID - 29
INVESTIGATION OF KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI FROM SOIL OF
KABUGA, A RESIDENTIAL AREA IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
Surayya M. Salim1, Maryam A. Dalha2
Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria.
Email: salimsurayya@gmail.com
Introduction: The major domain as well as the best media for the growth of keratinophilic fungi is soil. Many of
these fungi are causative agent of cutaneous mycoses that can be transmitted from soil to humans and animals.
Hitherto, there were no data about keratinophilc fungi in soil of Kabuga. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and
isolate keratinophilic fungi from soil of Kabuga by morphological analysis due to their medical and veterinary
implication.
Methodology: A total of fifteen soil samples were collected randomly from 5 different sites of the area. Hair baiting
technique was used to isolate the fungi and the isolates were identified on the basis of spore morphology, cultural
characteristic and pigment formation using standard keys and monographs.
Results: A total of 8 species belonging to 5 genera of dermatophytes and closely related fungi were identified from
the soil samples. The isolates were in the following order of dominance: Aspergillus fumigatus (22.85%),
Cladosporium sp. (17.14%), Fusarium oxysporum (14.29%), Microsporum cookie (14.29%), Trichophyton
tonsurans (14.29%), Aspergillus flavus (5.71%), Microsporum canis (5.71%) and Trichophyton rubrum (5.71%).
Discussions: All the isolates are potential pathogen to human, animals and even plants. Aspergillus, the most
prevalent genera are known to spoil food and can cause opportunistic aspergillosis. Microsporum and Trichophyton
are known to cause dermatomycoses in humans and animals. Fusarium the genus with least number of occurrences
is known to cause plant diseases, oesophageal cancer in humans, pulmonary oedema and leukoencephalomalacia in
animals.
Conclusion: Occurrence of these keratinophilic fungi highlighted that the soils in Kabuga are heavily contaminated
and potentially have a high risk for transmission of fungal infections especially to children and elderly. Therefore,
wearing of occlusive footwear should be avoided and the area needs to be kept clean to prevent the spread of these
pathogenic fungi.
Keywords: Kabuga, keratinophilic fungi, pathogens, soil.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
GB-1
Analyzing the Role of Hypothetical Proteins Encoded by the Genus
Streptococcus Core Genome in S. pneumoniae Virulence and Pathogenesis
Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury, Anika Bushra Lamisa, Abdullah All Jaber, Syeda Tasnim
Quayum, Arittra Bhattacharjee *
Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
Email: zeshan.mahmud@northsouth.edu
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae, the major etiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia and grampositive sepsis, encodes several hypothetical proteins (HPs) that are available in other Streptococci strains. Previous
studies reported that some HPs of S. mutans are critical for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. Therefore, in
this study, we analyzed the HPs encoded by the core genome of S. pneumoniae with potential virulence and
pathogenic properties.
Methodology: With 21 Streptococcus strains, the core genome and proteome were identified using EDGAR and
BioCircos. CD-HIT Suite was employed to remove duplicated protein sequences. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI)
was identified by STRING. The virulent and pathogenic properties of the proteins were identified by VirulentPred
and MP3. Proteins with virulence, pathogenic properties and highest PPI nodes were taken. Afterwards,
physiochemical properties, domain analysis, sequence identity, subcellular localization, unconventional secretion
properties of these selected proteins were analyzed by Expasy ProtParam, Pfam, Protein Basic Local Alignment
Search Tool (BLASTp), CELLO, PSORTb, OutCyte 1.0 and SecretomeP 2.0 respectively.
Results: In total 499 core genes were identified. Networks of PPI revealed some HPs that interact with
Pneumococcal vaccine antigen A, Ribosomal Silencing Factor and so on. In the provided network, 6 of the proteins
have virulent and pathogenic characteristics. Among the 6 proteins, one protein is identical to the Regulator of
Chromosome Segregation (RocS) with winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain while others have
Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus (MORN) repeat domains.
Virulent protein SPD_1144 forming the highest nodes (7 interactions) with other HPs. Most of these proteins
circulate in the cytoplasmic area and have hydrophilic properties. SPD_1144 also interacts with SPD_0878.
Conclusion: In future, this study might help to develop anti-pneumococcal therapeutics against multi-drug resistant
S. pneumonia. Gene knockout studies and comparative secretome experiments are required for better
understandings.
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumonia, core genome, hypothetical proteins, MORN repeats, RocS.
Abstract Id:
GB-2
In-silico study of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS with special reference
to intra-protein interactions: A plausible explanation for stability, divergency
and severity of SARS-CoV-2
Debanjan Mitra, Aditya K. Pal, Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra*
Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj, 733134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
Email: debanjanmitra267@gmail.com.
Introduction: The current nightmare for the whole world is COVID-19. The occurrence of concentrated pneumonia
cases in Wuhan city, Hubei province of China was first reported on December 30, 2019. SARS-CoV first discloses
in 2002, but not outspread worldwide. After 18 years, in 2020, it reemerges and outspread worldwide as SARSCoV-2 (COVID 19), as the most treacherous virus creating disease in the world. Is it possible to create a favorable
evolution within this (18 years) short time? If possible, then what are those properties or factors that are changed in
SARS-CoV-2 to make it undefeated? What are the fundamental differences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS? This
study will find all those queries.
Methodology: Here, we took 4 types of protein sequences from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS are retrieved from the
database to check their physicochemical and structural properties. Sequences were analyzed by Protparam and
Protscale. Structure were analyzed by UCSF Chimera, CFSSP server, PIC server, WHAT IF server, ProWave server
etc.
Results & Discussion: Results showed that charged residues have higher abundance in SARS-CoV-2. Those
charged residues are mainly present in helix of those proteins. Intra-protein interactions also have higher abundance
in SARS-CoV-2. Numbers of salt bridges are high in SARS-CoV-2. A special type cyclic salt bridge is present in
SARS-CoV-2.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Those charged residues are playing a pivotal role in SARS-CoV-2 evolution. Those charged residues also contribute
to helix stabilization of SARS-CoV-2. Formation of cyclic salt bridge and other intra-protein interactions also play
crucial role in SAS-CoV-2.
Conclusion: This comparative study will help to understand the evolution from SARS to SARS-CoV-2 and also
helps in protein engineering. This study also provides the information about the stability of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, Intra-protein interaction, Salt bridge, Protein engineering.
Comparative analysis of the COVID-19 sequences in India and investigate the
Abstract Id:
trialogue relationship between the miRNA with Coronavirus and Gut Microbiota.
GB-3
P. SnegaPriya, Dr. J. Manonmoney, Dr.K.V.Leela.
Department of Microbiology, SRM MCH & RC, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203,Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, India.
E mail: snegapriya1997@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by newly discovered
Novel Coronavirus. COVID-19 has spread worldwide causing a pandemic, with maximum death-cases. Hence there
is an urgent need for vaccines and treatments to be developed to combat the COVID-19. To overcome this Micro
RNA (miRNA) based therapy will be an effective option in controlling infection. The miRNA is a noncoding singlestranded RNA that is smaller in size (17-24 nucleotides). They are also able to regulate the Gut Micro biota, an
essential factor of host immune response. The usage of miRNA instead of other techniques has many advantages
that include early detection, improved pathogen identification, detection of latent infection, personalized medicine.
METHODOLOGY: Selective COVID 19 genome sequences with special reference from India by NCBI genome
database. Coronavirus subtyping and Mutation analysis carried out by Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool
(version 1.1.3) and CLUSTAL OMEGA software. The prediction of antiviral miRNA are performed online by
Targetscan.org
RESULTS: This study integrated selective bioinformatics tools and databases to investigate the COVID-19
sequences in India and the trialogue relationship between the miRNA with Coronavirus and Gut micro biota. The
miRNA is found to be a potential biomarker and also therapeutics for diseases in viral diseases.
CONCLUSION: The miRNA has been extensively documented for their key roles in combating the disease and it
is still an unexplored area. As the miRNA regulates the gene of the target, altering the expression can bring in a
desired therapeutic outcome.
Keywords: Coronavirus; miRNA; Bioinformatics; Gut Micro biota; Nanotechnology.
Abstract Id:
GB-4
IN-SILICO DESIGN OF AN EDIBLE VACCINE AGAINST
SARS-COV-2 FOR ITS EXPRESSION IN TOMATO
Garza-García Daniel
Misael1, Martínez-Villalobos Juan Manuel1, Viader-Salvadó José María1, Guerrero-Olazarán Martha1, GalánWong Luis Jesús1, Gallegos-López Juan Antonio*1
1Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Pedro de Alba s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., México.
Email: misael.garzagr@uanl.edu.mx
Introduction: In late December 2019, health authorities in Wuhan, China, reported an outbreak of pneumonia of
unknown etiology. To identify the etiological agent of the disease, metagenomic RNA sequencing techniques were
used, from a sample of an infected patient. The results showed an identity of 89.1% with respect to the nucleotide
sequence analyzed (Gene Bank: MG772933) with coronaviruses (CoV) that cause the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SARS) previously reported in bats in China. To date, several types of vaccines are under development in
different phases; however, there is still no approved effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, so the development of
an effective vaccine is urgent. Reverse vaccinology is an approach that makes it possible to predict by
bioinformatics epitopes of sequences of pathogenic microorganisms, without having to cultivate them in the
laboratory, which allows to developing vaccines faster and at a lower cost.
Methodology: The amino acid sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 gpS was obtained from the Gene Bank of the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The SARS-CoV-2 gpS topology prediction was performed using the
CCTOP server. The amino acid sequence of the glycoprotein was analyzed using the Immune Epitope Database
(IEDB) β-cell epitope prediction tools using immunogenicity, antigenicity, hydrophilicity, accessibility, β-turn, and
flexibility analyzes. Epitopes with vaccine characteristic were predicted. Subsequently, the physicochemical and
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
allergenicity properties were evaluated, using the servers AllerTop v.2.0 and Protparam tool, respectively. The
nucleotide sequence was cloned in silico into the binary plasmid pBI121 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens,
downstream of the 35S CaMV promoter.
Results: Six candidate vaccine epitopes outside the virus were identified in the SARS-CoV-2 gpS. The epitopes
were joined by helical linkers, since this type of linkers better control the distance and the interference between
domains of fusion proteins, compared to other types of non-helical linkers. The fusion protein was shown to be
stable with 226 amino acid residues, a molecular weight of 23.08 kDa, was soluble, was not considered allergenic
and showed no similarity with human proteins. To predict the secondary structure of the FP, the PDBsum server was
used, which showed 84% of α-helices and 16% of others (coils and turns). Furthermore, the tertiary structure of the
FP was modeled using the I-TASSER server.
Conclusion: The results obtained in this work suggest that FP designed in silico for the first time as an edible
vaccine has the potential to stimulate a humoral response through the digestive system pathway to protect against
SARS-CoV-2. In addition, optimizing the SN will produce high levels of FP in the fruit of the tomato. However,
more in vitro and in vivo trials will be needed to verify the effectiveness and safety of the vaccine.
Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Solanum lycopersicum, SARS-CoV-2, glycoprotein, reverse vaccinology.
Abstract Id:
GB-5
Comparative genome analysis and prediction of hypothetical proteins of a dental
plaque associated bacterium Treponema denticola
Syeda Farah Husyn and Sabbir Rahman Shuvo
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University
Email: farahhusyn@gmail.com
Introduction: Treponema denticola is a spirochete that can form a polymicrobial biofilm known as “Red
complex” along with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia to cause chronic periodontitis.
Periodontitis is a gum disease caused by an overgrowth of a few bacterial species that are part of the normal
microbiota. They damage the soft gum tissue and destroy bone leading to tooth loss. The aim of this study is to study
the comparative genome analysis of T. denticola.
Methodology: The strain T. denticola ATCC 35405 was used out of 18 different strains to find out the hypothetical
proteins (HPs). The functions of HPs were predicted using different servers such as PSLpred, CELLO2GO,
PSORTb, Pfam, HHPred, SUPERFAMILYHMM, Interpro, Cath. Virulence factors were predicted using
VICMpred. Additionally, comparative genome analysis with eighteen T. denticola genomes was performed and the
numbers of phage genes in these strains were also identified.
Results & Discussion: The hypothetical proteins(HPs)of this strain are mainly involved in outer membrane
function, aldolase activity, flagella synthesis protein, endonuclease activity, galactokinase activity, ATPase activity,
lipoprotein, DNA binding, transferase among others. From comparative genome analysis, the strain had 2501 Core
genes but no accessory genes. It contained only 1 phage gene.
The genome of T. denticola ATCC 35405 has 2509 protein-coding genes, among which 563 proteins have been
designated as HPs. Some of these proteins were found to play an important part in the virulence of the spirochete
such as outer membrane protein, peptidase, flagellar assembly protein and others. Only the strain ATCC 35405 did
not have any accessory genes but all the other strain had accessory genes. A couple of the strains were found to have
prophage genes in them.
Conclusion: This information could facilitate further research on HPs of T. denticola and play a role in vaccine
development or assist in discovering new antibiotic drug targets for the spirochete.
Key words: Treponema denticola, periodontitis, hypothetical protein, comparative genome analysis.
Abstract Id:
GB-6
Comparative genome analysis of lead tolerant Bacillus anthracis FHq strain
isolated from Bangladesh
Farhana Haque, Sabbir R. Shuvo
Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka
Email: farhana.haque05@northsouth.edu
Background: Lead is massively used for industrial purposes all over the world. The toxicity of lead is too high that
at present it has become a threat for the environment. Bacillus is a common inhabitant of soil and has evolved
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
enough to survive in toxic condition of lead. The aim of this study is to characterize lead tolerant Bacillus anthracis
FHq strain and apply its mechanisms to reduce the amount of lead from the environment.
Methodology: A lead tolerant strain was isolated from the lead-contaminated soil of Savar, Bangladesh, by growing
at various concentrations of lead nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) salt. Subsequently, the phenotypic characterization of the strain
was performed. Lastly, whole-genome sequencing was performed to link the genomic content with the phenotype of
the strain.
Results and Discussion: Phenotypic analysis showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the strain
was 5mM lead. The whole-genome sequencing revealed that it is a Bacillus anthracis strain. The length of the
genome is 5,238,597bp and the GC content is 35.2%. Several genes have been predicted to involve heavy metals
and antibiotic resistance. Five prophase regions have also been found in the genomic data.
Being Gram-positive Bacillus species by default can survive in lead stress. However, the survival rate varies among
the species. They can-transport, exclude, sequester intra- or extracellular, detoxify or reduce the cellular targets to
the metal ions, which are involved in antibiotic resistance as well. Prophases in B. anthracis remain as symbionts
helping in biofilm formation to survive in soil, thus, saving the bacteria from harsh environment.
Conclusion: The Bacillus anthracis FHq can be a pathogenic strain. So, it is inconvenient for environmental use.
However, characterizing the strain will be helpful in future in order to clean up the environment.
Key words: Lead, Bacillus anthracis, Whole-genome sequencing, characterization.
Abstract Id:
GB-7
IMMUNOINFORMATIC BASED ANALYTICS ON T-CELL EPITOPE FROM
SPIKE PROTEIN OF SARS-COV-2 CONCERNING INDIAN POPULATION
1.Sreevidya S. Devi, Manish Dwivedi
Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies, Thiruvalla, India, Amity Institute of Biotechnology. Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow
Email: sreevidya888@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION: The whole world is drastically affected by the current pandemic due to severe virus,
SARSCoV-2 and scientists are rigorously looking for the efficient vaccine. Reverse vaccinology approach may
provide us with significant therapeutic leads and further determination of T-cell / B-cell response to antigen. In this
present study, we conducted population coverage analysis referring to the diverse Indian population.
METHODOLOGY: By using tools from Immune epitope database (IEDB), HLA- distribution analysis was
performed to find the most promiscuous T-cell epitope out of in silico determined epitope of Spike protein from
SARS-CoV-2. Selection of epitopes was based on their binding affinity with the maximum number of HLA alleles
belong to the highest population coverage rate values for the chosen geographical area in India.
RESULTS: 404 cleavage sites within the 1288 amino acids sequence of spike glycoprotein were determined by
NetChop proteasomal cleavage prediction suggesting that this protein has adequate sites in the protein sequence for
cleaving into appropriate epitopes. For population coverage analysis, 221 selected epitopes are considered that
shows the projected population coverage as 83.08% with 19.29 average hit and 5.91 pc90. 54 epitopes are found
with the highest coverage among the Indian population and highly conserved within the given spike RBD domain
sequence. Docking analysis of each epitope with their respective allele suggests that the epitope NSFTRGVYY
represents highest binding affinity with docking score -7.6 kcal/mole with its allele HLA-C*07:01.
CONCLUSION: Outcomes from this study could be critical to design vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 for a different
set of the population within the country.
KEYWORDS: Immunoinformatics, IEDB, SARS-CoV-2
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
GB-8
Bacteria Haemolysins from Tropical Aquaculture
Dewi Syahidah, Ph.D.
Pathology Laboratory, Institute for Marine Research Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension (IMRAFE) Gondol, 81155 Indonesia
Email: dewi.syahidah@my.jcu.edu.au
Introduction: Some species of known pathogenic bacteria isolates in tropical aquaculture produces haemolysin.
Haemolysin can be identified based on its ability to break down red blood cells in vitro. Some haemolysin is a poreshaped poison that can damage cell membranes and kill host cells.
Methodology:The character of the 13 sequences of haemolysin protein in several pathogenic bacterial isolates in
tropical aquaculture was analysed using the NCBI protein bioinformatics database. The phylogenetic tree was
generated, and the analysis was conducted using the base character method (Maximum Parsimony) of Mega 6.06
software.
Result: The result showed that there are two big family of haemolysin from the known pathogenic bacteria. The
closest characteristics of protein sequences were haemolysin of Streptococcus agalacticae and of S. iniae.
Keywords: Haemolysin, pathogen bacteria, phylogenetic tree, tropical aquaculture.
Abstract Id:
GB-9
Experts Find an Unusual Four-Stranded DNA in Living Human Cells
*Arun Kumar
CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, Punjab, India
Email Id: bharmoriaarun1998@gmail.com
Introduction: In living human cells, scientists are finding unusual four-stranded DNA. The latest results shed light
over its function in the cancer. DNA normally the typical double helix shapes of two strands. DNA in test tubes may
also develop a more irregular shape, but very few are shown in actual living cells. A team of scientists developed
fresh probes in recent research which can identify four-stranded DNA (G-quadruplexes).
Methodology: In the existence of G-quadruplexes, the chemical probe shines up. In living cells, the probes will
display G-quadruplexes communicating with the other proteins. G-quadruplexes are established in greater
concentration in cancer cells. Consequently, scientists conclude that such a form of DNA plays a major role in the
disease. The probes demonstrate how such proteins are unwrapped via G-quadruplexes. Scientists were also able to
recognize molecules bound to G-quadruplexes via the probes.
Result: The finding may result in new targets that could be targeted by drugs to inhibit their function. The DNA
form is very significant. Having a particular DNA shape ensures that it is possible to alter all processes, including
reading, copying or expressing genetic information. In a number of processes or disease, G-quadruplexes play an
essential role, but they are difficult to locate in cells. Scientists observed there were more G-quadruplexes involved
if helicase proteins are excluded. They assumed that helicase played a part in the decomposition of G-quadruplexes.
Scientists assume that linking molecules of the G-quadruplex may serve as potential medications for diseases like
cancer. Another research showed that a molecule called pyridostatin would increase the amount of structures of Gquadruplexes existing in human cells. The human cancer cells growth can be stopped by this same molecule. This
can be done by destroying parts of the DNA which are necessary for replication.
Conclusion: More studies might offer us a depth identification of this relationship among mechanistic pathways
and behaviours of improving treatment.
Keywords: Four-stranded DNA, G-quadruplexes, Probes, Helicase protein, Cancer cells, Replication.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
GB-10
Computational investigation of heat shock GroEL protein, Hsp60, in
pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira species
Sharmilah Kumari Kumaran, Narcisse Mary Joseph
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia.
E mail: sharmilahkumari@gmail.com
Background: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis, caused by pathogenic Leptospira genus of spirochetes family.
The leptospirosis diagnosis is troublesome due to the high rate of cross-reactivity between different pathogenic
serovars. More than 260 pathogenic serovars identified until now. Even though several diagnosis methods developed
for leptospirosis, they showed few drawbacks especially, on sensitivity aspect. Thus, the usage of conserved antigen
in all most all circulating serovars might propose excellent genus specificity and high sensitivity. The current
research conducted to evaluate Hsp60 protein in pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira species and its potency
to be target antigen for diagnosis purpose using a bioinformatics approach.
Methodology: All available Leptospira whole genomes from NCBI database retrieved and the region of Hsp60
protein identified among them. The identified protein regions extracted and further investigated through domain
search, localization prediction, multiple sequence alignment, pairwise identity score, primary protein structure, and
protein modelling.
Result: Total of 30 pathogenic and two non-pathogenic Leptospira genomes retrieved from NCBI database. The
Hsp60 protein identified among all genomes. The size of Hsp60 in non-pathogenic species is larger than pathogenic
species. The Hsp60 protein predicted at the cytoplasmic site of Leptospira. The multiple sequence alignment and
pairwise identity score exposed that Hsp60 protein highly conserved among pathogenic serovars. All leptospiral
Hsp60 structures resemble tetradecameric structures.
Conclusion: Overall, the Hsp60 protein in pathogenic Leptospira serovars showed high conservation and low
complexity, suggesting that the protein has the potential to be a target antigen in leptospirosis diagnosis.
Keywords: Hsp60; leptospirosis; diagnosis; bioinformatics; comparative.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-05
OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTION WITH ASPERGILLUS
NIDULANS IN A HEART LUNG TRANSPLANT PATIENT- A CASE
REPORT.
DR.V. RENGASHINI, DR.V.DILLIRANI, DR. SUBITHAMD
Final year post graduate, Govt.Stanley Medical College, Chennai,India., Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Govt.Stanley Medical College, Chennai,India.,
Associate professor, Department of Microbiology, Govt.Stanley Medical College, Chennai,India.
E mail: vrengashini@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: Opportunistic filamentous fungi of the genus Aspergillus are of increasing concern in
immunocompromised patients causing increased morbidity and mortality. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most
common, though infections with other species like A.flavus, A.niger, A.nidulans and A.terreus have been frequently
reported. They have been frequently isolated in immunocompromised states like HIV, bone marrow transplantation,
solid organ transplants, chronic granulomatous disease etc. A.nidulans accounts to 44% of Aspergillus infections in
chronic granulomatous disease.
INTRODUCTION: A 19 years old female patient, a case of VSD with Eisenmenger’s syndrome, underwent heartlung transplantation one year back, on immunosuppression with tacrolimus, presented with C/O cough with
expectoration, fever and breathing difficulty at rest since one month duration.Lung signs were present.
METHODS: Blood investigations revealed lymphocytosis with eosinophilia. CT-chest revealed bilateral lung
infiltrates suggestive of atypical pneumonia. Sputum and BAL samples were received for fungal microscopy and
culture. Fungal culture on SDA revealed rapid fungal growth with greenish velvety colonies with brownish black
areas. LPCB mount revealed branched, septate hyphae with short, brown conidiophores, biseriate phialides and
round conidia. Reddish brown cleistothecium with numerous ascospores, surrounded by plenty of Hulle cells
wereobserved.
RESULTS: A diagnosis of Aspergillus nidulans was made and patient was started on a course of voriconazole
200mg bd and Amphotericin B liposomal formulation for three weeks. She was advised dose reduction of
Tacrolimus based on S.Tacrolimus levels. Patient improved symptomatically but was discharged AMA due to
personal issues.
CONCLUSION: A.nidulans lung infection following solid organ transplants requires a high degree of clinical
suspicion in cases of atypical lung presentations for early diagnosis and early antifungal drug therapy. Azole
antifungals are potent inhibitors of CYP34A isoenzymes and hence close monitoring of serum levels and dosage
adjustment maybe required in patients on calcineurin inhibitor therapy.
KEY WORDS: Aspergillus nidulans, voriconazole, enzyme inhibitor.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-6
blaKPC, blaNDM and blaOXA-48 PRODUCING Klebsiella pneumoniae: FIRST
REPORT FROM NORTHWEST PAKISTAN
Adil Khaliq1, Hazir Rahman1, Hina Khaliq4, Zakir Khan2, Taj Ali Khan3, Raham Sheer4,
Muhammad Qasim3, Mohsin Kursheed5, Zia Ur Rahman1, Javid Nawab6
1.Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan, 2. Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Curkvoa University
Adana, Turkey, 3. Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan, 4. Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan
University Mardan, Pakistan, 5. Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan, 6. Department of Environmental Sciences,
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
E mail: draadilkhaliq@gmail.com
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae causes life-threatening infections especially in hospitalized patients. It is
notorious for causing complications among indwelling medical devices. The involvement of K. pneumoniae in such
condition causes chronic infections, which required appropriate antibiotic treatment. The emergence of resistance
against antibiotics develops a critical situation for treating infections. Carbapenemase is the most common resistance
mechanism among K. pneumoniae.
Materials & Methods: About 5475 samples were processed for culture, in which 1140 samples were exhibited
growth. Out of total, 110 isolates were identified as K. pneumoniae. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the disc
diffusion method, Modified carbapenem inactivation method (MCIM) were used to isolate carbapenemase producer
among K. pneumoniae, followed by phenotypic and molecular detection conductedfor identification of specific types
of carbapenemases.
Results: All the samples 110 (100%) were found resistant to cloxacillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin and fosfomycin, 72
(65.4%) to meropenem, and 63 (57.2%) to imipenem. PCR result showed that the NDM gene was the most common
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
25 (22.7%) followed by KPC 15 (13.6%), and the least was OXA 01 (0.9%). It was also noted that the PCR
detection rate was much higher than phenotypic detection.
Conclusions: In the undertaken study, antibiotic resistance carbapenemase detection through carbapenemase
production is increasingly prevalent. The findings of the work will be helpful to understand the molecular
mechanisms associated with antibiotics resistance among K. pneumoniae.
Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Nosocomial, Antibiotic resistance, Carbapenemase detect
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-7
Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy of Honey and Herbal Extracts
Asma Ashraf, Sadia Tahir
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan,
Email: sadiatahir_pu@hotmail.com
Introduction: Indiscriminate antibiotic use throughout the world is held responsible for emergence of antibiotic
resistance. Therefore, traditional natural remedies are being re-evaluated for their potential as complementary
medications for antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The study focus was to assess antibacterial activity of honey
samples (indigenous and processed) and their combinations with ethanolic herbal extracts (basil, cinnamon, ginger,
lemon and orange).
Methodology: Extracts of six different honeys along with five medicinal plants commonly used in Pakistan was
prepared. By using agar well diffusion, &disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of six Pakistani honeys and
ethanolic herbal extracts were analyzed against five microorganisms Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, & Proteus vulgaris was done. Different volumetric concentrations of
honey and plant extracts were tested against each type of microorganism. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of honey was established at two graded preparations of 50% and 100%.Fourier Transform Infrared- Attenuated
Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) Spectroscopy spectrum of raw and processed honeys was used as reference to
determine the sugar content of honey samples.
Results& Discussion: Research findings showed that zone diameters of inhibition observed against honey were 27
mm and 21 mm for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. Promising results were observed against all clinical
isolates evaluated; with inhibition zones of 26 ± 0.7 mm for diluted honey samples (disc diffusion assay) compared
to standard broad-spectrum antibiotics exhibiting no zones. (FTIR-ATR) Spectroscopy exhibited the absorbance
values at 1540 cm−1, 1650 cm−1, 1740 cm−1that unambiguously identified honey.
Conclusion: Honey extracts showed antibacterial activity against most microorganisms which were showing
resistance to commercial antibiotics. Extracts from Pakistani honey and medicinal plants exhibited variable
activities against various microorganisms. Results suggests that the honeys could potentially be used as an
alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms. Hence natural products can effectively decrease
antibiotic resistance issues.
Key words: Antibiotic resistance; Synergism; Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); Minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC); Antimicrobial activity.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-8
Unravelling the notch between Helicobacter pylori and acid peptic disease with the
tool of antibody, antigen profile
Dr. S. Mohan1, Dr. Karthikeyan1
Department of Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission’s Medical College and Hospital , Karaikal.
* E-mail: drsmohan1971@gmail.com
Introduction - Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen implicated in certain gastrointestinal diseases. In
the search for new non-invasive techniques to diagnose H pylori infection, we evaluated an EIA for Helicobacter
pylori antigen in stool (HpSA).
Methods - 50 Patients were enrolled in this study. Endoscopy and biopsy was done on all patients providing a
criterion standard for validation of the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) tests. The presence of H. pylori organisms in
stool was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a commercially available polyclonal
antibody. HpSA sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined with reference
to the results of cultures of gastric biopsy.
Keywords: - Helicobacter pylori, peptic disease, antibody and antigen.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-9
OCCURRENCE AND PREVELANCE OF BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA FROM
CLINICAL SAMPLES IN THE TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL,INDIA
SIKKIM:A 2-YEAR STUDY
DR.ANUSHA KALIKOTEY1, DR.LUNA ADHIKARI1, DR. FORHAD A ZAMAN2
1Department of microbiology, Sikkim manipal institutes of medical sciences, Tadong gangtok, East sikkim, 1Department of microbiology, Sikkim manipal institutes of medical
sciences, Tadong gangtok, East sikkim, 2Department of community medicine, Guwahati
E mail: kalikoteyanusha777@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: Burkholderiacepacia complex (BCC) has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and
mortality in hospitalized patients, because of high intrinsic antibiotic resistance.The objective of the present study
were to isolate the BCC and to find out the predisposing factor, prognosis of patients and drug resistant pattern.
METHOD: A total of 13,890 clinical samples were processed in the year 2019-2020,all the isolates resembling
BCC samples were processed and analysis were done.
RESULTS: Of the BCC,out of 13,890 total hospital clinical isolates a total of 25(75%) samples were collected
which showed sputum(4%),blood (52%)ET(32%),urine (4%)pus(8%) subsequently and more infection prevalence
was showed by male (52%) followed by female (48%) and new born infant,30yr, and 60yr of age group were mostly
infected.Isolates of BCC showed that the Piperacillin/tazobactam(32%)followed by Imipenem(28%) showed highest
resistant,tigecycline(24%) followed by meropenem(20%) showed sensitivity and ciprofloxacin(16%)was found
asintermediate.One death have been reported from the patient who was infected with the BCC infections.
DISCUSSION: BCC infection is infrequently reported and is found mainly in immune compromised patients.
Several factors have been suggested as the major determinants for developing BCC infection which includes
prolonged stay in intensive care unit, major surgery, indwelling catheters etc.
CONCLUSION: There has been increasing report on BCC as a notorious nosocomial pathogen from various
hospitals and the study is motivated to find out significance of BCC nosocomial infections reported from hospitals.
KEYWORDS: Drug resistant pattern, prevalence, nosocomial pathogen.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-11
Molecular Epidemiological Analysis on the Sources and Routes of Transmission
of Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
Md Shafiullah Parvej1, 2, Youshikaju Nishikawa2
1Department of Paraclinical Courses, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka, 2Graduate School of Human
Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
E mail: drparvejbd@gmail.com
Introduction: Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) is considered one of the leading diarrheagenic
E. coli (DEC) pathotypes causing severe gastrointestinal diseases worldwide, but the sources and routes of
transmission of the aEPECis still not clear.
Methods: Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains (36 Japanese and 50 Bangladeshi) obtained
from poultry fecal samples from Bangladesh and Japan were analyzed. The initial screening of the samples were
performed by RT-PCR, followed by isolation of the pathogen by colony hybridization and characterized by
virulence grouping, phylogenetic typing, intimin typing, multi-locus variable number-tandem repeat analysis
(MLVA) and antibiogram of the isolated strains.
Results: Clermont’s phylogenetic typing showed that group A was more prevalent (58%, 50/86) than B1 (31%,
27/86). Intimin type β1was predominant in both phylogroups B1 (81%, 22/27) and A (70%, 35/50). However, about
95% of B1-β1 strains belonged to virulence group І, and 77% of them were Japanese strains, while 17% (6/35) of Aβ1 strains did. When the data were combined with those of 142 previous strains from different sources, the
minimum spanning tree formed five zones for porcine, poultry, healthy human, bovine and human patients, and the
B1-β1 poultry strains. Sixty-eight percent of them demonstrated resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial agents, and most of
them (91%) were from Bangladesh.
Discussion: Poultry, particularly Japanese, could be another reservoir of aEPEC (phylogroup B1, virulence group I,
and intimin type β1); however, poultry strains seem to be apart from patient strains that were closer to bovine
strains. Bangladeshi aEPEC seems less virulent for humans but more resistant to antibiotics.
Conclusion: Japanese poultry could be another source of aEPEC infection besides cattle and aEPEC of Bangladeshi
poultry seems less virulent but could be a source of drug resistant pathogen.
Key words: aEPEC, DEC, E. coli.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-12
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactum(ESBL) resistance situation
amongUropathogens isolated from patients in area of Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Shamim Al Azad, Aneeka Nawar Fatema, OshinGhurnee, MarufAbony, Prof. Dr.Suvamoy
Datta
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University
Email: s_khan1810@yahoo.com
Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most frequent infections in clinical practice worldwide.
Their frequency and burden must be higher than available data suggest because they are not among mandatory
diseases to be notified. E coli alone causes 70-95% of both upper and lower UTIs. Current study was conducted at
(give name of area) of Dhaka city, Bangladesh to detect ESBL resistant Uropathogens in Mohmodpur Bosila, Dhaka
city, Bangladesh.
Methodology: Uropathogens were isolated from urine samples of patients suspected of having UTI. Isolates were
identified based on morphology and biochemical characteristics. Drug resistance and ESBL resistance was
determined based on antibiotic susceptibility pattern determined using Kirby-bauer test.
Result: A total 100 urine specimen were analyzed to observe the antibiotic susceptibility having significant growth
of uropathogens. The occurrence of UTI for age group 50-65 is higher than other groups. The occurrence of UTI is
higher in female then male for children and teen age group. In male patients, the ESBL is found resistance for
Imipenem, whereas, female patient positive is 22. In Nitrofurantion and Meropenam the resistance is 2 and for
Imipenem the resistance is 3.
Conclusion: The etiological agents of UTI and their sensitivity patterns vary between health institution and different
season, even within the same area. It is therefore suggested that each of the health institution should determine the
causative agents of UTI and their susceptibility to guide the management of UTI.
Keywords: Uropathogens, ESBL, UTI, antibiotic resistance.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-13
PREVELANCE OF RESISTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS AMONG
SEPTICAEMIC PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN INTENSIVE
CARE UNITS AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Dr.Hariharan S R, Dr.Manjula S R ,Dr.Leela K V
SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: harrynimrotz@gmail.com
Introduction: Intensive care units (ICUs) are having the highest burden of treating the patients with sepsis and
nosocomial infections compared to other areas of hospital. Recently there is alarming increase of resistant bacteria
causing septicemia that increases the mortality and morbidity and increases the hospital stay, cost of the treatment
and psychological stress. Our objective was to identify the resistant bacterial pathogens prevalence among
septicaemic patients having comorbid risk as diabetes mellitus in all ICUs.
Methodology: A sum of 39 blood samples were collected from ICU admitted diabetic patients and clinically
suspected sepsis. Processed by automated method using Bact/Alert& growth were identified by cultural morphology
and biochemical reactions as per the Standard guidelines followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per
CLSI guidelines.
Results: Out of 39 samples 19 were shown positive by culture. Gram negative bacilli were the predominant and
their number were 12Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were equal in numbers with5 (41.7%) followed by
Pseudomonas aeroginosa 2 (16.7%). The Gram positive cocci were 7 with 36.8% of culture positivity. Multi drug
resistance was seen in Gram negative organisms (63.63%) and 80% of Klebsiella isolates were MDRs. Among
Gram positive organisms drug resistance was seen in 4 (36.36%) and all belong to Staphylococcus genus.
Discussion: This study demonstrates complexities of understanding interaction between diabetes and outcomes of
infection. Diabetes is a multifaceted disease and abnormalities include immune dysfunction and metabolic
derangements, including hyperglycemia and therapies used in diabetics together with diabetes associated immune
abnormalities may influence the host response to MDR infection and outcomes.
Conclusion: In our study Gram negative bacilli were the most prevalent etiological agent of BSI among DM
patients and 2/3 of the isolates showed drug resistance. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common and 80% of its
isolate were MDRs.
Keywords: Intensive Care Units, diabetes mellitus, Multi drug resistance.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-14
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producing multidrug
resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from two
tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh
Sadia Afsana1, Md. Ruhul Amin2, Umama Khan3, M. Mahboob Hossain4
1,2,3,4 Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, BRAC University, Bangladesh
E-mail: afsana11189@gmail.com
Background: The life-saving role of antibiotics is threatened by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant ‘superbugs’.
Production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is a significant mechanism adopted by these superbug
bacteria causing a serious threat to the current healthcare settings. This study was undertaken to investigate the
prevalence of ESBL producing multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae in two
hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Method: In this study, 50 clinical isolates were collected from pus and sputum from the patients. Among them, 25
isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae species whereas 25 isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa species. The
isolates were identified by standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) was done by disc
diffusion method. The isolates were further investigated for ESBL production by double disc synergy test.
Results& Discussion: In this study, the antibiotic resistant pattern of P. aeruginosa (n=25) and K. pneumoniae
(n=25) were found highly resistant to oxacillin and ampicillin (100%) whereas least resistance was found to
imipenem and meropenem. Regarding prevalence of ESBL in P. aeruginosa, theyhighly harbour class C ESBL
(56%) followed by, ESBL class A and C (40%) whereas only 4% were ESBL class A producing. In terms of K.
pneumoniae, 28% of isolates were ESBL class A producing followed by equal percentage (24%) of prevalence for
ESBL class A and C, ESBL class C and negative for ESBL.
Conclusion: This study helps us to understand the need for more precaution in the use of antibiotics and the
alarming rate of resistance. Molecular characterization of β-lactamases is essential for investigating antimicrobial
resistance. As PCR approach is time consuming, microarray approach would be great to detect several antimicrobial
resistance genes from a single strain.
Keywords: Superbugs, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, ESBL
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-15
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus
samples of different age and sex groups in Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Shahina Sultana1,2, Maruf Abony2, Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta2
1 Upazilla Health complex, Sirajdikhan, 2 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E-mail: shahina3579@gmail.com
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue abscesses.
Abscess formation is not unique to staphylococcal infection and purulent discharge has been widely considered a
physiological feature of healing and tissue repair. S. aureus is also an important pathogen due to a combination of
toxin-mediated virulence, invasiveness and antibiotic resistance. This study aims to find out multidrug resistance
pattern of isolated Staphylococcus aureus from pus samples.
Methodology: Pus samples were collected from patients in a sterile container and they were streaked upon Mannitol
Salt agar and blood agar plate. After incubation isolated colony were identified using biochemical tests and
antimicrobial sensitivity was observed
Result: It was seen that 5% (Gentamycin) to 97.5% (Penicillin) of the S. aureus strains are resistant to the
antibiotics used against them. Gentamycin (95% sensitive) is the best drug for the treatment of S. aureus infection
followed by Ceftriaxone (89.17% sensitive) and Azithromycin (84.14 % sensitive). Four of the samples (10%) were
resistant to 7 antibiotics, Eight of the samples (20%) were resistant to 6 antibiotics, and Twelve of the samples
(30%) were resistant to at least 5 antibiotics. Overall 60% of the strains are Multidrug resistant (resistant to 5 or
more of the antibiotics tested).
Conclusion: Pus infection has been a major concern among health care practitioners not only in terms of increased
trauma to the patient but also in view of it's burden on financial resources and the increasing requirement for costeffective management within the health care system.
Keywords: Pus, S. aureus, Drug resistant.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-17
Detection of blaNDM-1 gene in microorganisms isolated in Bangladesh and its
significance
Ashikan Rabbi, AneekaNawar Fatema*
Department of Microbiology, BRAC University, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E-mail: ashikanrabbi@gmail.com
Introduction: Over use of antibiotics particularly in the developing regions of the world such as Bangladesh has led
to an increase in the number of microorganisms that have developed resistance genes against antibiotics. blaNDM-1
is a gene that codes for a hydrolytic enzyme that can breakdown a number of antibiotics. The objective of this
review was to find if the blaNDM-1 can be commonly found in bacterial isolates from Bangladesh, the extent of
antibiotic resistance in the isolates containing the gene and the propensity for this gene to be transferred to other
organisms.
Methodology: Articles for this review were found through a search on PubMed using the keywords blaNDM-1 and
Bangladesh. The search only produced 11 results of which 4 results were not relevant as it did not involve the
isolation of blaNDM-1 gene from samples from Bangladesh. The remaining articles were narrowed down to 5 based
on the type of samples collected, number of samples and method of detection. All the articles chosen for the review
were published within the past 10 years, between 2011 and 2020.
Results: Based on the articles reviewed blaNDM-1 has been found in both clinical and environmental samples. The
isolates that contain the gene tend to display resistance to a wide range of antibiotics. The gene is most commonly
found in P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and E.coli. The plasmid can be transferred to other organisms through
conjugation.
Conclusions: More research needs to be conducted on the prevalence of blaNDM-1 positive microorganisms in
Bangladesh as the gene and its variants seem to be spreading to various strains of microorganism which is a cause
for concern for people living in and travelling to Bangladesh.
Keywords: blaNDM-1, Bangladesh.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-18
Antimicrobial Suseptibility Patterns of Cerebrospinal Fluid Isolates in Tertiary
Care Hospital of Uttrakhand.
SHIWANG PATWAL
SHRI MAHANT INDRESH HOSPITAL DEHRADUN, POST GRADUATE STUDENT
Email: shivarock07@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION-Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency associated with high mortality rates. Cerebrospinal
fluid (CSF) culture is the “gold standard” for diagnosis of meningitis and it is important to establish the
susceptibility of the causative microorganism to rationalize treatment.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES-To assess the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of microorganisms isolated from
Cerebrospinal fluid culture to antibiotics commonly used in the empirical treatment of suspected bacterial
meningitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS-This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of routinely collected antibiotic
susceptibility data from the HIS database. Results of CSF culture and sensitivity from January 1, 2019 to october
30th 2019 were analysed.
RESULTS-A total of 413 cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from patients admitted to a tertiary care
hospital, out of which 31(7.5%) came out to be positive. Out of 31 positive samples, 58% positive samples were
received from Neurosurgery Ward. The most predominant organisms found were Enterococcus faecium (20%),
Acinetobacter spp (20%), and Pseudomonas (20%). Enterococcus faecium showed high resistance to macrolides and
glycopeptides (67%). Over one third of Acinetobacter spp. were resistant to Trimethoprim and aminoglycosides
(83%). Resistance to carbapenems remained high for Pseudomonas (50%).
CONCLUSION- There is a need to strengthen the infection control practices in the hospitals. It is also
recommended that a national antimicrobial resistance surveillance system be developed for early detection of
resistance. This would be expected to help identify appropriate antibiotics for the management of meningitis.
Keyword: CSF, Antimicrobialresistance, Uttarakhand
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-19
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Urine Culture Isolates
from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Md. Nazmul Huda, Md. Saiful Alam, Sanzida Sharmin*
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: sanzida.sharmin@primeasia.edu.bd
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are known as the most common bacterial infections, affecting many
people in every year. Untreated UTI can be associated with severe complications.
Now a days, antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat in the treatment of this type of infection. The objective of
the study was to find out the common bacterial pathogens causing urinary tract infections and to determine
antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the most frequent urine culture isolates.
Methods: A total number of 439 urine samples were collected from clinically suspected UTI patients of a tertiary
care hospital during July, 2019 to October, 2019 which were processed for further analysis. The isolates were
characterized and identified by using standard microbiological techniques, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern
was determined by Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
(CLSI) guidelines.
Result and discussion: Of 439 urine samples, only 96 (21.8%) showed bacterial growth. Among all patients, UTI
infection was found to be more prevalent in females (75.86%) rather than in males (24.14%). The most frequently
identified isolate was Enterococcus spp. (30.20%), which was followed by Escherichia coli (25.1%),
Staphylococcus spp. (19.79%), Klebsiella spp.(17.70%) and Pseudomonus spp.(5.21%).Highest number of
Enterococcus spp. isolates were found sensitive against Linezolid (95.55%) and Vancomycin (89.67%), which were
followed by Penicillin (68.98%), Gentamycin (68.96%), Levofloxacin (62.26%) and Imipenem (55.17%). However,
least number of isolates showed sensitivity to Cefrazidime (20.68%) and Ceftriaxone (17.26%).
Conclusions: The current study highlights the prevalence of common bacterial isolates in urine, attended that
hospital and shows the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of one of the most common causative agent of urinary tract
infection. So, it is advisable to continuously evaluate the sensitivity-resistance pattern of isolates to prevent further
spread of resistant bacteria and appropriate use of antimicrobial agents should be ensured to control the adverse
consequences of antimicrobial drug resistance.
Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-21
Prevalence of Multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus present in Pus
samples among the patients visiting the Tertiary Level Hospital
Maruf Abony, Subarna Sarker, Merazul Islam, Dola Mandal, Aneeka Nawar Fateema,
Oshin Ghurnee, Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E-mail: dolamandal96@gmail.com
Introduction: Pus is an Exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site
of inflammation during bacterial or fungal infection. The presence of microorganisms in a pus is not unusual but not
all wounds support the same range and number of species, the outcome of pus infection depends on interaction of
complex host and microbial factors.
Methodology: The study was carried out in microbiology laboratory of tertiary Level Hospital. Pus were collected
on a sterile swab or in a stopper syringe without contamination. Two samples were taken from each patient, one for
culture and another for direct Gram stain. The specimen was inoculated on Nutrient agar, Mannitol Salt agar and
Blood agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hrs ̇ aerobically.
Result: A total of 155 Pus samples were collected for culture and antibiotic sensitivity test was performed. The
patients with age of 12 year to 85 years were enrolled in the study. The incidence of pus infection was more
common in males (64.5%) than in females (48.5%). In this studies S.aureus was highly resistant against
azithromycin (98.8%), Cephradine (98.8%), Cefuroxime (97.6%) and penicillin (95.2%).
Conclusion: Culture positivity in pus infection accounts about 50% of the cases irrespective of their demographic
status. Once infected it’s a problem for management as the etiological agents isolated are resistant to most of
commonly used antibiotics, so antibiotics like Amikacin, Ampicillin, Teicoplanin and Vancomycin can be used for
treatment and control.
Keywords: Pus, S. aureus, MDR.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-22
Prevalence of drug resistant Uropathogens among patients attending tertiary
care hospitals of Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Rashel Mia1, Mubarak Hossain1, Maruf Abony1, Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta2
1 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, 2 School of Science, Primeasia University
*Email: rrashel591@gmail.com
Introduction: Annually around six million patients visit outpatient departments while almost 300,000 are treated for
UTI worldwide. This study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of occurrences and antimicrobial susceptibility
pattern of uropathogens. All the specimens were collected from hospital attending patient.
Methodology: A total of 556 clean voided mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile universal containers
from male and female patients of all age groups with suspected cases of UTI. At point of collection, samples were
labeled appropriately and immediately investigated for microscopy, culture and sensitivity analysis.
Results: E. coli was found to be the most prevalent organism while Pseudomonas spp. was least prevalent. The
female presents 62.1% while the males accounted for 37.8% of the bacterial isolates and the age group between 0 10 years had the highest number of isolates in both sexes.
Conclusion: There should be a continuous monitoring of bacterial antibiotics susceptibility before antibiotic
prescription in order to ensure adequate treatment of urinary tract infection and reduction in the spread of bacterial
resistant strain.
Keywords: Uropathogens, Multidrug resistance, Extensive drug resistance.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-23
Molecular detection and characterization of carbapenemases among
carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from
urine
*1Hussaini, I.M., 1Suleiman, A.B., 1Olonitola, O.S. and 2Oyi, R.A.
1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria., 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Nigeria.
* Email: hussainiibrahim269@gmail.com
Background: Carbapenem resistance mediated by carbapenemases are of great public health concern because this
resistance trait is transferable unlike other carbapenem resistance mechanisms. This study was carried out to
molecularly detect and characterize carbapenemases among carbapenem resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella
pneumoniae isolated from urine.
Methodology: A total of 123 non-duplicate isolates consisting of 70 E. coli and 53 K. pneumoniae isolates were
screened for carbapenem resistance as described in the manual of Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute.
Carbapenem resistant isolates were screened for carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaOXA and blaNDM) by PCR.
Amplicons of the PCR positive samples were sequenced and the sequences were analyzed for sequence similarity by
nucleotide BLAST. Multiple sequence alignment of the carbapenemase genesequences and reference sequences
from the GenBank was done by ClustalW using BioEdit.
Results: Out of the 123 isolates screened for carbapenem resistance, 6 (4.88%) comprising of 2 isolates of
Escherichia coli (2.86%) and 4 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.55%) were carbapenem resistant.
Carbapenemase genes were detected in five out of the six carbapenem resistant isolates screened. The most
frequently detected carbapenemase gene was blaOXA gene (57.14%) followed by blaNDM gene (42.86). blaKPC
gene was no detected (0.0%). blaNDM and blaOXA genes were co-harboured in two isolates. Sequence similarity
analysis revealed that the carbapenemase genes detected were similar to carbapenemase genes in the GenBank
showing 98 – 100% identity. Nucleotide substitutionswere not observed in the blaNDM gene sequences, however
nucleotide substitutionswith correspondingamino acid substitution were observed in the blaOXA gene sequences
various positions.
Conclusion: Carbapenem resistance observed in the isolates was mediated by OXA and NDM carbapenemases.
There is need to monitor the spread of carbapenemases among Gram negative bacilli in order to control the spread of
isolates that are resistant to carbapenem which is a last resort drug.
Keywords: carbapenem, resistance, carbapenemases, sequence, molecular
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-24
Identification of pathogenic microorganisms and determination of their
multidrug resistance pattern from wastewater outside of hospital drainage
system.
Md. Mehedi Hasan, Fahmida Sultana*
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: Fahmida.sultana@primeasia.edu.bd
Background: Hospital wastewater can be hazardous to public health and ecological balance since it can contain
many pathogenic bacteria and high numbers of these bacteria are resistant to different commonly used antibiotics.
Antibiotics are used extensively to prevent or treat microbial infections in human and animal beings. However
uncontrolled and excessive use of antibiotics by human and animals results to an increase in antibiotic resistance and
cause the spread of resistance genes in environmental samples such as hospital waste water. This study aimed to
investigate the prevalence of pathogenic organisms in waste water collected from outside drainage system of
different hospitals and determine the antibiotic resistance profile of different isolates against the commonly used
antibiotics.
Methodology: The hospital waste water was taken from drainage system of 8 different hospitals which were located
outside the hospital. Samples were aseptically collected, transported and processed within two hours following
standard procedure. Identification and characterization of isolates using morphological and biochemical tests were
done. Antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolated organisms were assessed against different antibiotics using KirbyBauer disk diffusion method. Five commercial antibiotics (Cefuroxime, Azithromycin, Imepenem, Ciprofloxacin,
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole) were used for this purpose.
Result: Biochemical tests revealed the presence of Salmonella spp. (10%), Shigella spp. (15%), Vibrio cholera
(21%), Klebsiella spp. (10%), Escherichia coli (18%), Staphylococcus aureus (18%), Enterobacter spp. (8%) in
hospital waste water.Isolates were analyzed by agar disc diffusion method to determine their resistant patterns
against 05 different antimicrobial drugs. The highest degree of resistance were observed against Imipenem (79%),
which was followed by Cefuroxim(25%), Azithromycine (21%). And the lowest degree of resistance were observed
against Sulphomethaxozole, Trimethoprim = 8.33% & Ciprofloxacin (CIP) = 8.33%.
Conclusion: Water pollution is one of the significant dangers to general wellbeing.
The presence of antibiotic resistance organisms in this waste water should not be overlooked. Therefore, hospitals
should treat wastewater before disposal into the environment and proper drainage system should be established.
Keywords: Waste water, antibiotic, drug resistance.
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-25
Determinants of Anemia, Diabetes, and Hypertension among Urinary tract
infected Pregnant Women Attending in a Selected Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Shikha Thakur1*and Komal Lata Nagpal1
OPJS University, Churu, Rajasthan, Research Scholar,
Email: Shikhathakur2085@gmail.com
Background: Urinary tract infection in gestation is linked with notable morbidity for both mother and new born.
The purpose of the study is to find the risk factor associated with pregnancy and the different non-communicable
diseases (Anemia, Diabetes and hypertension) of UTI.
Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was done among UTI pregnant 510 women aged 18 years to 45
years. A convenient sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was designed to collect the data.
Descriptive statistics along with unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) and a P < 0.05 was considered significant for
data analysis.
Results: This study reported an unacceptably high prevalence of anemia 62.7%, focusing on the nutritional
requirement of pregnant women. Anemia, diabetes and hypertension among UTI infected pregnant women were
62.7, 32.9 and 30.2 respectively. There were significant associations between educational status, ethnicity, age and
occupation of UTI infected pregnant women with anemia, diabetes and hypertension. Similarly, there was a
significant association between gestational period, gestational age, the gender of the infant, history of delivery and
anemia, diabetes and hypertension.
Conclusions: Anemia, diabetes and hypertension remain a prevalent problem of UTI infected pregnant women. We
suggest in upbringing a knowledge providing health educational scheme about curative measures of UTI for
gestational women as due to the scarcity of knowledge about UTI risk factors there are heavy chances of infection.
Keywords: Anemia, Diabetes, Hypertension, Pregnant women, Urinary tract infection.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-26
Molecular identification and characterization of smartphone screen associated
pathogenic bacteria
Shirmin Islam, Md. Moniruzzaman, Md. Joy Pramanik, TabassumJabin, Mst. MerinaMostari,
Jui Biswas, Al-Imran, Md. Salah Uddin, Md. Abu Saleh*,ShahriarZaman
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
*Email: saleh@ru.ac.bd
Introduction: Mobile phone is a device that keeps in contact with our sensitive body parts including faces, hands,
nose, ears, and lips etc. most of the time. Although we know many bad aspects of mobile phones, we are indifferent
to its bacterial contamination. Smart phone screen is an endless reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and works as an
object in spreading those bacteria. The purpose of the study was to identify pathogenic bacteria from smartphone
screens and finding some common causes of bacterial contamination.
Methodology: A public survey was conducted among 100 students from the Dept. of Genetic Engineering &
Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi to know the uses pattern of their particular smartphone. Then, for the lab
based work samples were collected from the smartphone screen of the students by sterile swabs moistened with
normal saline water. Among the samples, four strains were selected based on bacterial concentration for further
analysis.
Result: Out of four, two strains were gram positive and two were gram negative. biochemical tests indicated that all
of them were pathogenic & the selected gram positive bacteria were coagulase positive Staphylococcus spp. and
coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. 16S-rRNA gene sequencing identified the selected two gram negative
strains as Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia and Klebsiellapneumoniae.
Conclusion: The antibiotic sensitivity test referred that all the bacteria were multidrug resistant and may be
dangerous for the compromised immune patients.
Keywords: Smartphone, Microbial flora, Rajshahi
Abstract Id:
CM-AMR-28
Pseudescherichia vulneris causing sepsis; Challenges in identification in
resource limited settings
Ibrahim M1, Aliyu S2,Jimoh O2, Abdulaziz MM2,Yaqub Y2,Maiyaki S3, Mustapha SS3,
Ejembi J2, Ibrahim A2,Giwa FJ2, Manga MM1,4 Olayinka AT2
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Federal teaching Hospital, Gombe; . 2Department of Medical
Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University/Teaching Hospital Zaria.; 3Department of paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University
Teaching Hospital Zaria; . 4Department of Medical Microbiology, Gombe State University, Gombe.
Email: mohgembu@yahoo.com
INTRODUCTION: Pseudescherichia vulneris is an organism previously named Escherichia vulneris, it is not
frequently identified in clinical isolates in resource limited settings. Isolation and identification of this organism in
developing countries is a great challenge as most diagnostic laboratories use basic biochemical methods, and as an
emerging pathogen it is not easily identified by laboratory personnel in resource limited settings. We present 2 cases
of sepsis from Pseudescherichia vulneris, the first known report of it causing sepsis in this environment to improve
awareness and ease of identification.
METHODOLOGY: We reviewed 2 neonates with sepsis at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Blood culture was
done using the BD BACTECTM Peds Plus™ medium. This was incubated aerobically at 37oC for 24hours, after
which they were subcultured onto 5% Sheep blood and MacConkey agarplate and incubated in the same condition
as the blood culture broth.
RESULTS: The isolates cultured werelactose fermenting Gram-negative rods, Oxidase negative, motile, urease,
citrate, and indole negative. However, using MicrobactTM 24E, positive reactions were observed in; lysine, glucose,
mannitol, O-nitrophenyl-B-D-galactopyronoside, malonate,,raffinose, arabinose, maltose, rhamnose, xylose, lactose
and argentine,and Negative reactions were observed for;ornithine, hydrogen sulphite (H 2S), indole, urease, VogesProskauer, citrate, tryptophan-deaminase, inositol, sucrose and sorbitol.The organism was identified as
Pseudescherichia vulneris.
CONCLUSION: Pseudescherichia vulneris is a rare pathogen that is seldom isolated from clinical specimens.
Identification of this organism requires an array of biochemical tests which are often not available in most
laboratories in resource limited settings. However, this can presumptively be identified with basic biochemical tests,
when motile gram-negative rods, which are lactose fermenting but citrate, urea, oxidase and indole negative are
isolated.
Keywords: challenges, identification, Pseudescherichia vulneris, resource- limited, sepsis.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-34
CHANGING TRENDS OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
Chandana Padmakumar, Geetha Bhai , Ivy vishwamohanan and Ramani Bai J.T.
Department of Microbiology, Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research
Foundation, Trivandrum - 695 607, India
Email: lekshmi842@gmail.com
BACKGROUND : Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as major health care associated pathogens. They
frequently exhibit multidrug resistance and harbor multidrug resistant gene .The present study was to know the
prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among the patients coming to our
hospital a tertiary care centre.
METHODS : This study has been conducted in the Department of Microbiology at a tertiary care hospital over a
period of 18 months from June 2019 to December 2020.In 70 samples Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated and
identified from clinical specimens by standard procedure TSI and all biochemical tests were done and antibiotic
susceptibility test was performed.
RESULTS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate (59.8%) 70 among 117 NF-GNBs. The
antibacterial sensitivity pattern of showed that 93.9% of P. aeruginosa were sensitive to colistin. Imipenem 75.7%
and Meropenam 77.1% Doripenem 78.6%, 74.3% were sensitive to Piperacillin tazobactum , 78.6% were sensitive
to Cefoperazone Sulbactam and 80% for Gentamicin 68.6% sensitive to ciprofloxacin and 65.7% sensitive to
levofloxacin . 72.9% sensitive to ceftazidime and 73.6% sensitive to cefepime.
DISCUSSION: Colistin resistance has increased in the recent years and isolated a few XDR Pseudomonas
aeruginosa Ceftazidime found to be effective compared to other 3 rd generation cephalosporins. Carbapenems was
effective and cefoperaxone sulbactum among BL-BLIs . Gentamicin showed more sensitivity than Amikacin. There
is an increase in resistance of fluroquinolones in recent years may be due to liberal use of antibiotics that emerged
resistance in Pseudomonas species.
CONCLUSION : Isolation of non-fermenters and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern should be regarded with all
seriousness in clinical practice and clinical epidemiology because by being resistant to multiple antibiotics, their
prevalence not only limits the treatment options but also act as a reservoir of drug resistance
genes.So higher drugs should be preserved for future use and to prevent resistance among the potent drugs.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Antibiotic Susceptibility.
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-35
STUDY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT
INFECTION (UTI) AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PROFILE
Sharif Mohammad Toaha1, Monika Sultana
*Student, Dept of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Lecturer, Dept of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Email: sharifmohammedtoaha@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), the second most common type, are a healthcare problem
encountered in medical practice, a major cause of morbidity with a high socio-economic impact. The aim of this
study was to identify the most common uropathogens, their susceptibility and resistance to conventional therapies.
METHODOLOGY: For this purpose, a total of 280 urine samples were collected from UTI suspected patients of
both genders of different age groups and sent for urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test.
RESULTS: The total culture positive cases were 70 (25%). It is more prevalent in female 57 (81.4%) than in male
13 (18.6%). From the Gram-negative bacteria, E. coli was the most common identified pathogen (50%) followed by
Klebsiella spp. (13%), Acinetobacter spp. (8%), Pseudomonas spp. (6%), & Enterobacter spp. (5%). Gram positive
isolates are Staphylococcus aureus (10%) and Streptococcus spp. (7%). The common urinary pathogens such
as Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, E coli showed high resistance when they were tested against
amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, cefixime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid. Amikacin, imipenem
and colistin showed good sensitivity profile throughout all the results.
CONCLUSION: The continuous dynamic of uropathogens in different areas and the increasing resistance to
conventional antibiotic therapies is a major contemporary health problem. Therefore, area-specific monitoring
studies aimed to gain knowledge about the type of pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections and their
resistance patterns may help the clinician to choose the correct empirical treatment.
KEYWORDS: UTI, E. coli, Antimicrobial resistance.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-36
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF BLACTX-M, BLATEM, BLASHV, AND
BLAOXA GENES IN EXTENDED-SPECTRUM Β LACTAMASE (ESBL)
PRODUCING ESCHERICHIA COLI (E. COLI) AT TERTIARY CARE
REFERRAL HOSPITALS IN DHAKA, BANGLADESH.
*Shiful Islam 1 , Kaniz Fatema 1
1. Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Primeasia University
Email: kaniz.fatema@primeasia.edu.bd
BACKGROUND: Multi-drug resistant caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), a growing concern,
has been increasing in almost every nation and curving the therapeutic option worldwide. This current study has
been undertaken to observe the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA genes in extended-spectrum
β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli at a tertiary care referral hospital in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 1168 urine samples were recovered during the period between 2018 and 2019 where
492 E. coli isolates were detected on MacConkey agar media validated by Gram&#39;s staining and biochemical
tests. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used and
interpretation was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2014.ESBL
phenotypic confirmation was done by double-disc synergy (DDST). Regarding phenotypic screening, isolates were
investigated for the presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA genes via polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) using gene-specific primers.
RESULTS: Phenotypic confirmatory test exhibits ESBL production in about (n=183) 37.2% of E. coli isolates
whereas the number of a female (n=125) 68.31% was higher than their male counterparts (n=58) 31.69%. About
antibiotic-resistant pattern, all of the third generation cephalosporins demonstrate resistance to ESBL producing E.
coli isolates, whereas the percentage of antibiotic sensitivity was high in Imipenem (90.16%), Meropenem (84.70%)
and Colistin (78.69%). However, PCR amplification demonstrates the presence of one or more ESBL genes in each
of the initial ESBL screening positive isolates. Among four ESBL genotypes, the most prevalent genotype was
blaCTX-M (65.03%) and blaOXA (21.31%) in ESBL producing E.coli isolates.
CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of multidrug resistance and the presence of more than one ESBL genes amid
ESBL producing E. Coli isolates underlying the more extensive studies on resistance genes to determine the
magnitude of the problem of antibiotic resistance existing in the area of Dhaka city.
Keywords: Molecular detection, Multi-drug resistance, ESBL, Escherichia coli, Dhaka city.
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-42
PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI
AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS AND PATIENT VISITORS FROM
KOLHAPUR, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: Arun Kumar P, Roma A Chougale, Premchand Shadija
D.Y Patil Medical College, Kolhapur
Email: microarunkumar@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION: Staphylococci are gram positive cocci in clusters and commonly seen in skin and mucous
surfaces. It is well known to cause significant infections in human beings, birds and animals. Methicillin resistant
Staphylococci (MRS) is an important pathogen to transfer the resistant factors from one bacterial cell to another cell
and difficult to treat staphylococci infection.
METHODOLOGY: A total of 400 nasal swabs were collected by using hi- sterile swabs from nursing staff,
resident doctors, consultants, outpatient and In-patient visitors and grade 1V staff. Of these, 320 (80%)
Staphylococci were isolated by using standard microbiological procedures. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci
aureus (MRSA) was screened by using Cefoxitin (30µg)disc diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration
and Hi-Chrome MeRSA chrome agar.
RESULT: Out of 320 staphylococci isolates 81(25.16%) showed resistant to MRSA by Cefoxitin disc diffusion
method. 124 (31%) isolates showed MRSA by Chrome agar and 80 (25%) isolates showed MRSA by MIC.
CONCLUSION: More prevalence of MRSA is seen in Interns 21(43.75%) followed by Nursing staff 14 (29.16%)
and Resident doctors 13 (27.08%) by Minimum Inhibitory concentration. Chrome agar showed MRSA more
compared to other methods.
KEYWORDS: MRSA, Resistance, Healthcare worker, India
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-43
LAGENARIASICERARIA: A NATURALSOURCE FOR PRECURSORSOF
THE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUG AGAINST SUPERBUGS
Noor-Un-Nisa Ghanghro 1*, Ayesha Tajammul 1
1 WaSH Sciences, USPCAS-W, MUET, Jamshoro, Pakistan
E mail: noor93nov@gmail.com*
INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, significant developments against resistant pathogens have been noticed as
somewhat more lethal than the parental strains. Drugs currently available in clinics are not productive against the
resistance of certain bacterial strains to antibiotics. In both developing and developed countries, plant- based
immunotherapies demand rising response that they are natural remedies, easily biodegradable, generate minimal
environmental risks, and have no side effects with relatively low price. This study was aimed to evaluate some
agents that could be used in drugs against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
METHODOLOGY: Clarithromycin-resistant bacteria were isolated from tap water. Lagenariasiceraria (Bottle
gourd) activity was measured against antimicrobial resistance in the form of the inhibition zone in mm by using the
disc diffusion method. Different inhibitory behaviors of isolated bacteria were observed at optical densities (600nm)
using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Plant constituents were detected using DAD-HPLC.
RESULTS: Highest potential agent of Lagenariasiceraria showed activity against Shigella flexneri about 13.3±1.7
mm at 30µl/50ml of concentration of bottle gourd among four isolated gram-negative bacteria, while it was
25.3±1.7mm against Staph aureus. Among them, the best activity was observed at 1 ml/50ml. HPLC data revealed
the presence of 3, 5 DBHA, p-HBA, Gentisic acid, CGA, and Caffeic acid at different retention times in different
quantities that could be used as antibacterial drug precursors in the future.
CONCLUSION: Lagenariasiceraria showed the best activity against gram-positive bacteria as compared to the
gram-negative. However, further research on the drugs mode of action on antibiotic resistance bacteria is needed to
achieve full knowledge of antibiotic applications. Specifically, creative approaches to discovering novel plant-based
medicines and their control are mandatory.
Keyword: Lagenariasiceraria, bottle gourd, drug precursor, antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-44
EVALUATING OF DISINFECTANT PROPERTIES OF CALOTROPIS
PROCERA (AAK) LEAVES AGAINST MICROBES
Bakhtawar Pirzada 1* , Ayesha Tajammul 1 , Zubair Ahmed 1
1 Water, Sanitation and Health Sciences, USPCAS-W, Mehran University Jamshoro, Pakistan
E mail: hina.pirzada65@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Aak leaves using an
aqueous extract of Calotropis Procera (Aak) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Aak is the milkweed
plant with antimicrobial properties.
METHODS: In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed using disk diffusion method. The 6mm filter disk was
made and 50µl and 100µl were loaded with plant extract and these disks were poured into inoculums containing
petri dishes and their potential activity was examined. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for all bacterial
strains was noticed with turbidity levels and measured using UV spectrophotometer by
taking the optical density at 600 nm. The time kill analysis was carried out at various time intervals by keeping the
tubes at shaker at 120 rpm and after optical density was recording.
RESULTS: The zones of inhibitions for E.coli and S.aureus were 15 to 17 mm and for 11 to 16 mm, respectively.
MIC indicated that 1000mg /ml ofAak showed maximum growth inhibition. The kill time curve showed the growth
and death pattern of bacteria and behavior of disinfectant property of Aak over time.
CONCLUSION: Calotropis Procera showed a better result, indicating that it can be used as a natural disinfectant
against pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of Aak plant helps its uses in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Disinfectant, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Analysis, Inhibition, Spectrophotometer.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-45
MICROALGAE BASED BISMUTH OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND THERE
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
Shahida khaskheli 1 , Muhammad Rizwan 2
1,2 U.S Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76090, Pakistan
Email: drmrizwan.uspcasw@faculty.muet.edu.pk
BACKGROUND: The use of microalgal biomass in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles is very efficient way in the
field of green synthesis. Nanoparticles are powerful antimicrobial agents they are alternatives for the treatment and
infections against the pathogenic drug resistance bacteria. The main objective of this research was to use biological
method for the synthesis of bismuth nanoparticles and to assess its antibacterial activity against gram positive and
gram negative bacteria.
METHOD: Experimental setup consists of three parts, sample collection, species identification and green synthesis
of bismuth oxide nanoparticles. The physical properties of synthesized bismuth oxide nanoparticles were
characterized by using XRD, SEM and FTIR.
RESULTS: Antibacterial activity of bismuth nanoparticles was checked against three different pathogenic strains
i.e. E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. The inhibition zone of bismuth oxide nanoparticles against
E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus was 25mm, 27mm, and 22mm respectively.
DISCUSSION: Microalgae based bismuth nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. These nanoparticles were
effective against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
CONCLUSION: In the current research microalgae based bismuth nanoparticles were synthesised. The
antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was tested against E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus. The
nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. In future microalgae based bismuth
nanoparticles can be used against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
Keywords: bismuth oxide, nanoparticles, microalgae, antibacterial activity.
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-46
ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY FOR PREVENTING INFECTIONS IN PEOPLE
WITH ACUTE STROKE
Sumi V Pillai 1 Dr.Sandra Magdalena 2
Pharm D student, clinical pharmacist Acharya &amp; BM Reddy College of Pharmacy
EMAIL: Sumi.aphd.15@acharya.ac.in
INTRODUCTION: Infection is a common complication after stroke, affecting between 15% and 30% of the
patients. Most common are pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Different studies found that the occurrence of a
post stroke infection is associated with poor functional outcome and mortality. The study aimed in analyzing the
antibiotic utilization pattern in stroke patients.
METHODOLOGY: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Neurology at a tertiary
care hospital over a period of 3 months. 50 Patients were included in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Pharmacological therapy prescribed was analysed to determine the pattern of antibiotic utilization.
RESULT: The incidence of stroke was higher in males 70% (35) as compared to females 30% (15). In study of 50
patients 68% were identified as Ischemic stroke patients and 32% suffered Hemorrhagic stroke. A total of 54%
received antibiotics during the course of hospital stay. The most prescribed category of antibiotics includes
Cephalosporin antibiotics (59.25%) followed by Aminoglycosides (11.11%), Nitrofurans (7.40%), Pencillin
antibiotics (7.40%). The commonly prescribed antibiotics are Ceftriaxone (40.74%), Cefixime (11.11%),
Cefuroxime (7.40%). Among the prescribed antibiotics 7.40% were reserved / restricted and 92.6% received
unreserved / unrestricted Antibiotics.
CONCLUSION: Preventive antibiotics do not affect functional outcome after acute stroke. The risk of any overall
post stroke infection, however, is significantly reduced.
KEYWORDS: Stroke, Antibiotic, India
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-48
“IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTIVE-DRUG RESISTANT MICROBES IN
THE HOSPITAL LAUNDRY EFFLUENT”
Sanjay Meghwar 1 Tanveer Ahmed 2 Jamil Ahmed 3
U.S-Pakistan Center for advanced studies in Water (U.S-PCAS-W) Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062,
Pakistan
Email: Sanjaymeghwar17@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Increasing multiple antibiotic resistant microbes is worldwide issue, hospital laundry waste carried
huge amount of resistant gene. It has been observed that, effluent of hospital laundry is the potential source of multidrug resistant bacteria that discharges in surface water and adversely impacted on the environment and human
health.
Methodology: This study was performed to identify selective multi-drug resistant bacteria in the hospital laundry
effluent. The samples were collected randomly from effluent LUMHS hospital laundry of Jamshoro district, sample
frequency 3 times up to 3 months. Spread plating and streaking method were used for bacterial identification and
isolation by using selective media, susceptibility of antibiotics was measured by standard disc diffusion
method.
Result: The results were recorded the presence of E.coli (9.8×10 6 CFU/ml), Enterococcus (7.2×10 6 CFU/ml), and
pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.4×10 5 CFU/ml), were respectively. Finally we have tested commonly used antibiotics
such as, ciprofloxaxin (CIP), azithromycin (AZM), and cefixime (CFM). All isolated bacteria are highly resistant
except pseudomonas aeruginosa that is sensitive to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin only.
Conclusion: While resistance of these microbes increasing day by day, appropriate step should be taken to inhibit
these pathogens and prevent environment and public health.
Key words: Hospital laundry wastewater, drug resistance, microbes’ identification.
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-49
BACTERIAL ASSOCIATION IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION AND
THEIR DRUG RESISTANCE AMONG PATIENTS IN
RAJSHAHI, BANGLADESH
Noor E Farjana 1 , Md. Ariful Islam 1,2 , Mosammat Asia Begum 1 , Tamanna Zerin 1, *
1 Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, 51, Siddeswari Road, Dhaka-1217, Bangladesh. 2 Jazeera diagnostic center, Kajihata, Lakhmipur, Rajshahi.
E. mail: farjanajerry4@gmail.com
BACKGROUND: Day by day, drug resistance has become a big health concern globally due to unnecessarily and
inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. In the case of urinary tract infection (UTI), this drug resistance makes the
treatment more difficult which may lead to complications along with extended hospital stay. Therefore, this study
was designed to find out the prevalence of UTI, its causative agents, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns
among patients of UTI.
METHOD: This study was conducted among 1783 suspected UTI patients from January 2019 to November 2020.
Urine samples from mid-stream were transferred to microbiology laboratory following microbiological standard
protocol. Microbial identification was performed by microscopy, colony morphology, and biochemical
characteristics. Antibiogram was pursued following the well standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on
Mueller-Hinton Agar media.
RESULTS & DISCUSSION: In our study, we observed that the rate of infection fluctuated throughout the study
period. Almost 30% of samples have been found to be positive and E. coli was found as the highest predominating
organism and the percentage was 50.09% followed by Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp., and
Citrobacter spp. The percentage of infection in female was 66% which is higher than male. The highest prevalence
of UTI has been observed in female aged 21-30 years and male aged 31-40 years. However, E. coli and
Pseudomonas spp. showed the highest resistance against Amoxyclav whereas Klebsiella spp. showed it against Cotrimoxazole. Citrobacter showed 100% resistance towards Amicacin, Cefixime, Nalidixic Acid, Co-trimoxazole,
Amoxyclav, Ceftazidime, and Enterococcus spp. showed against Nalidixic Acid and Amoxyclav.
CONCLUSION: Changing trend in antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates need to be monitored as there is
limited availability of newer drugs and the emergence of resistant bacteria far exceeds the rate of new drug
development.
Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Drug-resistance, Bacteria, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
CM-AMR-56
CHANGING PATTERN OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN
STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL AND FOOD
SAMPLES: A SEVEN YEAR EXPERIENCE
Rubaiyat Binte Billah 1 ,MarufAbony 1 , IsratDilruba Mishu 1 and Dr. Suvamoy Datta1,*
1 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
* Email: suvamoy.datta@primeasia.edu.bd
INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue
abscesses. S. aureus also cause foodborne intoxication if ingested through foods contaminated with S. aureus. The
study aimed to investigate multidrug resistance pattern of S.aureus isolated from clinical samples and packaged food
samples at different time period. A comparative analysis between the biotypes and antibiogram pattern of S. aureus
from these two different sources were also performed.
METHODOLOGY: Clinical and food isolates of S. aureus obtained from 2015 to 2021 were identified by selective
and differential plating. Samples were aseptically collected in sterile container and transported to the Centre for
Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University at earliest convenience and enriched in buffered
peptone water after thorough mixing. One loopful of ennriched culture was streaked on three different agar medium
(nutrient agar, blood agar and Mannitol Salt Agar) for the selective isolation of S.aureus isolates. Bio typing of the
selected isolates were performed by biochemical tests using identax database as reference. Antibiotic resistance
pattern of the selected isolates against 13 test antibiotics were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
RESULT: A time-dependent significant increase in the resistance pattern of S. aureus against all the tested
antibiotics was observed by the study. A progressive increase was also observed in the multidrug resistance pattern
of S. aureus isolated in different time frame. Comparison between isolates from clinical and food samples revealed
higher resistance in clinical samples, albeit similarity was exhibited in their drug resistance pattern. Highest
resistance was observed against ampicillin. Imipenem (96.02% sensitive) was found to be the most effective drug,
followed by Ceftriaxone (92.69% sensitive).
CONCLUSION: A continual increasing trend of the multidrug resistance pattern of S. aureus over time reflects an
urgent necessity for controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms.
KEYWORDS: S. aureus, MDR, Clinical samples, Food samples.
ABSTRACT ID:
CM-AMR-57
The Burden of Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence in India, using GIS- Spatial
Autocorrelation Technique
Talluri Rameshwari K R1, Rakshitha Rani N2, Anuradha K3, Jayashree K4, and Sumana K*
(1,2,* Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysuru, India, 3Division of
Microbiology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, K R Hospital, Irwin Road, Mysuru, India) and 4Division of Pathology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysuru, India
Presenting Author Email ID: tallurirameshwarikr@gmail.com,
Introduction: Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis is a bacterial air borne respiratory infectious disease caused by the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Methods: Documented reports from 2011-19 by Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)
revealed 40,553,267 Tuberculosis (TB) in that 2,660,883 are Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in India.
The intensity of incidence, spread and the hotspots in India were focused using the tools of Geographical
Information System (GIS), with comparative analytical procedure of spatial interpolation, cluster analysis and
modelling the spatial pattern. It compares global and local indicators of spatial interpolation association for locating
hotspot in spatial interpolation map. In the present study, Arc-GIS (Geographic Information System) interpolation
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
tool is applied to identify the tuberculosis incidence hotspots in the India. Data for this study was obtained from the
RNTCP.
Results: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics revealed that the overall EPTB incidence in
India is re-emerging from 2011-2019. The current study revealed the hotspots of EPTB incidence in India. Uttar
Pradesh stands highest in 394266 cases followed by Maharashtra, Delhi, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Tamil Nadu, Gujarat 301068, 220967, 176957, 170622, 152064, 149730, and 144746 cases respectively. Karnataka
stands ninth position with 125,142 cases. The least cases are noticed in Lakshadweep with only 30 cases. There were
a greater number of cases in 2011 that shows EPTB with more virulence and increased intonation pertaining to the
incidence and spread. The present study is a novel concept with the intervention of application of GIS tool and the
data analysed targets the hotspots in these provinces, further, controlled management strategies may be intensified as
remedial measures in the specific geographical area.
Keywords: Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases in World and India, Arc-GIS software (Demo Version), Spatial
Interpolation, Point Interpolation, IDW method, Spatial Scan Statistics, SPSS Software, Statistical Graph.
Abstract Id
MBVD-1
Detection of Proteases from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki HD-73 Upregulated
by Limiting N2-Source in BRD medium
Ummay Jannat Afiya1,2, Md. Mahmuduzzaman Mian3, Umme Tamanna Ferdous3, Sabrin
Bashar2, Nasif Sayeed2, Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir1,4
1.Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, 2.Department of Microbiology, Jessore University of Science and Technology, 3.Department of Microbiology,
University of Dhaka, 4.Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh
.
Introduction: The upregulation in expression of endogenous proteases of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk) HD73 could be achieved by anti- Nitrogen metabolite repression (anti-nmr). In pursuance of this, a new medium was
developed limiting N2-source to detect the induced proteases.
Method: Boiled Rice Discharge (BRD) medium composed of leftover liquid containing starch and minimal proteins
upon cooking devoid of any external protein or amino acid supplement was evaluated for δ- endotoxin and protease
synthesis. Efficiency of four varieties of rice (Gutisharna, Najirshail, 28 and 29) were assessed along with Trypticase
Soy Broth (TSB). The experiment was carried out in shake flask culture incubating at 30 °C and 200 rpm up to 7
days. Following (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, desalting and partial purification by size exclusion chromatography (SEC)
through Sephadex G-75 column extracellular enzymes were recovered. Estimation of alkali soluble protein and
enzyme activity was performed by Bradford method and azo-casein digest method respectively. Statistical analysis
was performed by Tukey HSD test.
Results: TSB medium with 2.4-fold higher δ- endotoxin yield (0.3±0.1 mg/ml) was rendered superior to BRD
media and the differences among the BRD media were not significant in this case. Hence, higher protease activity
was observed in BRD-G medium (3263 u/ml) followed by BRD-N (2147), BRD-28 (1772), BRD-29 (1285) and
TSB (462) media. A 7-fold increase in protease activity was observed in BRD-G to TSB medium with significant
differences among all except BRD-N and BRD-28. The highest protease activity was attained at 96 hrs in BRD-G
medium. A positive correlation (+0.508) between the protease activity and the δ- endotoxin was observed. Upon
SEC, multiple discrete fractions (4, 10, 16 and 18) demonstrated high protease activity.
Conclusion: Due to anti-nmr, multiple endogenous protease were expressed to degrade complex proteins in making
N2-source available which consequently resulted synthesis of δ- endotoxins with times.
Keyword: Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki, BRD medium, N2-Source
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-2
Viral diseases in aquaculture and their possible remediation by the application
of Probiotics: A review
Sourav Chattaraja, Pradeep K. Das Mohapatraa*
Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj – 733 134, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal , India
Email: bobom9476473435@gmail.com
Introduction: The advancement of technology led to the flourish of the global aquaculture industry in the recent
decades and consequently this allows the interaction of aquatic viruses with the aquaculture products to put
destructive impact on the society. A wide range of chemicals and antibiotics are used by the farmers to cope up with
the situation. The hazards of using antibiotics are well known to all and are also cost effective. Again antibiotics are
not that much efficient to invade the viruses. Recently, Probiotics came up with a newer approach to treat viral
infections. The health benefits of using probiotics are enormous.
Methodology: The current study reviewed nineteen viruses associated with the infection of aquaculture organisms
and their pathogenicity. The study also reviewed the possible treatments of the viral infections by using probiotics.
Results: Probiotics like Pediococcus acidilactici, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Bacillus, Aeromonas, Pseudoalteromonas,
Alteromonas, Lactobacillus casei, Lactococcus lactic, Lactobacillus plantarum are found to be effective in the
treatment of various viral pathogens by different modes of action.
DISCUSSION: From the study, it can be pointed out that ten out of the nineteen reviewed aquaculture viruses can
be controlled by the application of effective probiotics.
Conclusion: Aquaculture is a significant sector to provide food as well as to maintain the socio economic condition
of a country. It can even congregate the global food crisis as majority of the products are rich in protein. Viral
infections play a key role in diminishing the production due to scarcity of antiviral drugs in the pharmaceutical
sector. The above mentioned probiotics are effective against various viral pathogens. So in future, probiotics may be
an effective way to control viral infections allied with aquaculture.
Keywords: Aquaculture, Antibiotics, Probiotics, Infection, Virus, Treatment.
Abstract Id
MBVD-3
CHARACTERISATION OF INDIAN TICK TYPHUS FROM TICK
SAMPLES IN NORTH KERALA, INDIA
Swathy Viswanath1, Sohanlal.T2
1MIMS College of Allied Health Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, Indi,a 2Aster MIMS Hospital, Kozhikode,Kerala, India,
E-mail: iamswathyhere@gmail.com
Introduction: Tick typhus is an infection caused by obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria which belong to
the Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia. They are transmitted to humans by the bite of infected Ixodid ticks. In India,
Tick typhus is considered to be the second most common cause of non- malarial febrile illness after dengue
infection.
Methodology: Rickettsiology has undergone transformation because several species of tickborne Rickettsiae that
were considered as nonpathogenic have become pathogenic and also novel Rickettsia species of unknown
pathogenesis continued to be detected in or isolated from ticks from different parts of the world. Molecular
technique plays an important role in the diagnosis of both novel species and previously recognized rickettsiae in
ticks. Ticks were collected from Wayanad district, Kerala.
Result:The collected specimens was properly decontaminated and the presence of Rickettsial DNA was checked by
using Real-Time PCR. The collected ticks were positive for Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae. Thus it helps in
identifying the prevalance of SFGR at Wayanad district.The positive Rickettsialspecimens were sent for Gene
Sequencing after amplifying the DNA by nested PCR with the Citrate synthase gene (gltA) primer and the result
proves that the sample contains SFGR, which shows 87% similarity with the gltA gene of
Rickettsiaheilongjiangenesis.The newly identified Rickettsia species was successfully cultured in Vero cell
lines.Thus the species isolated follow the criteria needed for the new Indian Rickettsial species which was not yet
identified. The collected ticks come under the species Haemophysalisbispinosa.
Conclusion: Thus by this study, an incompletely described Rickettsia species was detected in H. bispinosa species
of ticks and its geographical distribution was analyzed. Further studies should be done for documentation of the
species.
Keywords –Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia (SFGR), Nested PCR, Tick Samples, Gene sequencing, H.bispinosa
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-4
Evolution of Pichia Pastoris as a model organism for vaccines production in
Healthcare industry
Kranti Kuruti, Viswanath Vittaladevaram, Sudheer Venkatesh Urity, Ravi Uday Bhaskar
Indian Immunological Limited, Hyderabad, India BDG Life Sciences, Bangalore, India
,
,
Sanofi India Limited, Hyderabad, India
,
Mahindra
Waste To Energy Solutions Ltd., Mumbai, India The Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council of India, Hyderabad, India
,
E mail: viswa.vittal@gmail.com
Introduction: Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast is a well-established heterologous expression system for
production of recombinant proteins in industries on a large scale. Pichia pastoris is widely used microbial species in
industries due to its unique features such as high cell density growth, streamlined downstream process and rapid
expression that allows to yield high amount of proteins in short period of time.
Methodology: Pichia pastoris expression system is better equipped with promoters and markers. This enables better
understanding the process of glycosylation that facilitate the process of production of recombinant proteins. The
article will review on different types of proteins that are expressed in industries and focus on different types of
vaccines
produced
using Pichia
pastoris expression
system.
Result: More specifically, the importance of Pichia pastoris expression system in development of vaccines by
producing recombinant proteins for various diseases is studied. Several other aspects associated with Pichia
pastoris expression system to produce a protein on large scale in healthcare industry are highlighted.
Keywords: Heterologous expression system, Recombinant proteins, AOX1 promoter, Hepatitis-B vaccine
Abstract Id
MBVD-5
Bio-Battery : A future Of Renewable Energy
Rakib Ibne Jaman1,Showmitro Nondi Bappa 2,Robeul Islam3 ,Md.Arif Hossain4
,
Maruf Abony5,Dr.Md.Asaduzzamn Shishir6.
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University.
E mail: rakibjaman0125@gmail.com
Introduction: The future of renewable energy means energy are making or produce for the Future use .Bio Battery
can be the future of renewable energy. A bio battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic
compounds, usually being glucose, such as the glucose in human blood. Bio-fuel cells are alternative energy devises
based on bio-electro catalysis of natural substrates by enzymes or microorganisms.
Methodology: To prepare a small biobattery two Beaker, one salt bridge, two wire, microorganism like E.coli,
B.cereus, S.aureus, Pseudomonas spp , one litter salt (Nacl) water, and two solenoid such as iron or cupper coil.
This battery can also be made from polluted water as it contains high microbe concentration.
Result: The organisms provide the cathode ion while salt water provides anode ion while passing through the salt
bridge and gets volt usually. With This set up I get minimum 0.65 volt to 2 volt with several time .
Conclusion: Bacterial bio-batteries have great potential in that they can generate electricity rather than just storing
it. They also contain less toxic or corrosive substances. Bio Batteries are able to continuously keep themselves
charged without an external power supply, source of non-flammable and non toxic fuel and this provides a clean
alternative renewable power source.
Keywords: Biobattery, Wastewater, bioelectricity
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-6
Isolation, and molecular characterization of l-asparaginase producing bacteria
from coastal area of Kerala
1*
WAEL ALI MOHAMMED HADI; 2BOBY EDWIN; 1A JAYAKUMARAN NAIR,1
InterUniversity center for Genomic and Gene technology (IUCGGT), Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kerala,
India,2CEPCI center, Department of Biotechnology, Kollam, Kerala, India.
E mail: hwael.bty@keraluniversity.ac.in
Introduction: L-asparaginase is becoming a target for many researchers as its properties against cancer, especially
leukemia, and protective agents, reduce acrylamide in fried food.
Methodology: In this study, the water samples fromThumba Arattuvazhi Beach in Kerala screened for lasparaginase producing microorganisms. Followed by colorimetric screening using modified M9 media with
0.009% Phenol red dye and using l-asparagine as a sole source of nitrogen source. Then, Nessler assay was
performed to quantify the enzyme. Finally, the molecular identification was made by 16SrRNA sequencing and
aligned sequence with Genebank for phylogenetic tree construction using BLAST.
Results:The seawater was serially diluted for 10-1 to 10-6 using nutrient agar plates. A total of 19 bacterial colonies
were isolated. The colonies were evaluated to produce L-asparaginase according to the pink zone around the
colonies on the modified M9 medium using a red phenol indicator.The KB1 sample was selected for further studies
according to plate color assay. The Nessler assay of L- asparaginase quantified as 2.537 IU/ml. The molecular
characterization of the 16SrRNA showed the sequence association with bacillus altitudinis—the sequence submitted
in Genebank as bacillus altitudinis KB1 strain.
Discussion:The l-asparaginase activity in this study was 57% higher than the reference organism bacillus altitudinis
BITHSP010of Prakash, P. et al., (2019) and could be due to strain difference.
Conclusion: the l-asparaginase producing bacterium was screened and identified as bacillus altitudinis KB1 from a
marine source,which can be utilized for commercial production.
Keyword:L-asparaginase,Bacillus altitudinis, Kerala, Marine bacteria, acrylamide.
Abstract Id
MBVD-7
Citric acid production by Aspergillus niger using chemically purified cellulose
from sugarcane baggase
Dipa Rani Bhowmik, Md. Robeul Islam, Md. Arif Hossain,Sabikun Nahar Mim, Maruf Abony
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E mail: elabhowmik@gmail.com
Introduction: Citric acid is a commercially important organic acid that has many applicationsin various industrial
sectors. It is produced through solid state or submerged fermentation. In current study, capability of commercially
significant citric acid production by Aspergillus nigerfrom chemically purified cellulose derived from sugarcane
bagasse was observed.
Methodology: Media were prepared and inoculated with A. niger and titrations were carriedout to determine the
amount of citric acid produced. The production control media was supplemented with varying concentrations of
cellulose to produce citric acid in a surface fermentation process. The acid production was indicated by the reduction
of pH levels. The citric acid content and residual sugars of the final hydrolysate were estimated by the Marrier and
Boulet method and Anthrone Sulphuric acid method respectively.
Result: The control medium gave the yield of 62 g/l at pH 4.5 and the medium containing crude cellulose powder
and other compositions gave the yield of 22 g/L.
Conclusion: To support the enormous scale of production, it is necessary and important for the production process
to be environmentally friendly by utilizing readily available and inexpensive agro-industrial waste products, while
maintaining high production yields.In economic point of view, the medium containing cellulose showed more
benefit with lower cost.
Keywords: Pathogenic microorganism, Chemical purification, Cellulose, Citric acid.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-8
Isolation and Profiling of Probiotics from Raw milk
Al Marzan¹ , Jarin Rifa¹, Shahrin Akter Aurin¹ , Sohana Parvin Chowdhury¹ , Maruf Abony¹ ,
Shahnaz Sultana¹ .
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E mail: marzanalam5@gmail.com
Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms intended to provide health benefits when consumed, generally by
improving or restoring the gut flora. Live probiotic cultures are part of fermented dairy products and
other fermented foods. This study was conducted in order to isolate probiotics from raw milk. The properties of
probiotics were also evaluated.
Methodology: Only one sample of raw milk was collected from a healthy cow from a dairy firm, aseptically in a
sterile container. Milk sample was collected from a dairy firm situated in Uttar Badda, Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The
Catalase Test, Oxidase, Gelatin, TSI, Citrate, Indole and many biochemical tests, including carbohydrate utilization
test was conducted.
Results: Based on the morphological characteristics, biochemical test results, and carbohydrate utilization of the
isolates, presumptive identification was made. Lactobacillus and Lactococcus was the most prevalent in raw milk
sample. Further molecular testing is necessary for confirmation.
Conclusion: Probiotics can be ingested by consuming milk, yogurt and other dairy products Ingesting them can help
prevent some disease as well as maintain a healthy gut flora Further research is needed to confirm the actual length
of benefits conferred by probiotics Meanwhile, antibiotics should be used with care as they can destroy probiotics
existing in our body.
Keyword: Probiotics, Rawmilk, profiling
Abstract Id
MBVD-9
In Silico screening of inhibitors for B- cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein from microbial
sources using Patch Dock software for anti-cancer therapy
Koyal Ra, Dr Monisha Ma
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science
E mail: monisham.sse@saveetha.com
Background: Microbial diversity plays a fundamental role, in the discovery of antibiotics and anticancer agents. In
terms of drug discovery, microbial diversity has a lot of potential. B- cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein is
understood to be favorable in several malignant and drug resistance therapies. Some of the regulators of apoptosis
are likely to be identified under BCL-2 family proteins. These compounds of interacting partners constitute
inhibitors and inducers of cell death.
Methodology: Three dimensional coordinates of BCL-2 protein were retrieved from Protein Data Bank (6O0K).The
structures of 40 microbial anti-cancer drugs were collected from NCBI-PubChem compound database. The
Molecular docking analysis of BCL-2 with the derived microbial compounds was performed using PatchDock
software. The best poses were analyzed for non-covalent interactions using Pymol and Discovery Studio Visualizer.
Results: BCL-2 protein is a well-known drug target for melanoma, breast, prostate and lung cancer. In this study we
have docked 40 microbial anticancer drugs with BCL-2 protein. Molecular docking analysis revealed that
compounds Dromostanolone, Pazopanib and Streptozocin derived from microbial sources binds BCL-2 protein with
higher affinity in comparison with Aloperine which is a known potent BCL-2 inhibitor and would report an
affirmative prognostic factor.
Discussion: It was reported previously that AA residues of BCL-2 namely L137, G145, Y202, V156, V148, A149,
M115, D111, F112, Y108, D103 and F104 interacts with ABT- 737 inhibitor. Intersetingly, it was observed that
Streptozocin derived from microrganisms interacted with L137, A146, V133, R146 and I147. Similarly, Pazopanib
interacts with A149, L137, G145 and V148 and Dromostanolone interacts with V156,F112, F104, A149 and L137.
Thus it was found that three anticancer microbial drugs namelyDromostanolone, Pazopanib and Streptozocin
competitvely inhibits BCL-2 protein.
Conclusion: The microbial compounds Dromostanolone, Pazopanib and Streptozocin can be further considered for
in vivo and in vitro analysis.
Keywords: BCL-2, Molecular docking, Anticancer drugs, microbial sources
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-10
Interaction of dehydrogenase enzymes with nanoparticles and evaluating their
possible consequences
Samaneh J Porzani,Bahareh Nowruzi1*
Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
E mail: Samanehbiology@gmail.com
Introduction: Current trends in the application of nanoparticle-enzyme interactions are rapidly increasing in the
nanobiotechnological sector. The nanoparticle-protein interactions, especially enzymes, have found several
applications as attractive model arrangements for natural enzyme attachments and the design of bioanalytical
sensors or even toward estimating the protein activity.
Methodology and result : Dehydrogenase enzymes (e.g., alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine
dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, leucine dehydrogenase, phenylalanine dehydrogenase, and malate
dehydrogenase) are found in different organisms. They comprise a subclass of the oxidoreductases enzymes that
catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions. Oxidation-reduction reactions are required to extend the durability of
organisms, as the oxidation of nonchemical molecules produces power.
Conclusion: These enzymes play essential roles in nanotechnology but remain unexplored due to the wide variety of
existing biomolecules. The combination of nanoparticles with enzymes is an exciting system to achieve benefits in
technology, research, and medicine. However, studies on enzyme-conjugated nanoparticles revealed different
outputs, since some of them showed increased or decreased enzymatic activity, which highlights challenges for
industrial and health uses.
Keywords: dehydrogenase enzymes, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, biosensors, challenges.
Abstract Id
MBVD-11
Apiericidin A-producing Streptomyces strain with strong anti-Xanthomonas
activity
Sepideh M. Azad, Ya-Wen He
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of
Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
,
E mail: Nariko173@sjtu.edu.cn
Background: Bacterial blight, one of the important rice diseases in the rice cultivating countries, is caused by
Xanthomonaseoryzae. Recently, disease control is hindered by arising drug resistance strains of the pathogenic
bacteria. Chemical bactericides are currently being developed, but they show low efficiency and harmful effects in
nature. Therefore, more environmentally friendly biological bactericides as alternatives has become an urgent need.
Hence, in this study a Streptomyces strain RX1101 was screened for its bioactive secondary metabolite against
several Xanthomonas spp.
Method: Fermentation was performed and crude extract was collected from the culture of the Streptomyces strain
and was tested for its anti-Xanthomonas activity through disk fusion assay, it was then subjected to HPLC, UPLCMS, NMR to separate and identify the compounds with high bioactivity against Five strains of the genus
Xanthomonas including Xcc, Xoo, Xoc RS105, Xcc 8004, Xac 049A.
Result: A total number of 19 fractions with activity against Xanthomonas were isolatedthrough. Among them
compound 16 showed the strongest anti-Xanthomonas activity. Further analysis revealed that compound 16 is the
antibiotic piericidin A. moreover, High yield of piericidin A was obtained from this strain during death phase of
bacterial growth.
Discussion: In the present study, we evaluated Streptomyces strain RX1101 in its activity against Xoo, we further
investigated the antibacterial activity of this strain against other bacterial species. We revealed that the compound
produced by this strain with strongest anti-Xanthomonas activity is indeed piericidin A, an α-pyridone antibiotic
mainly produced by Streptomyces species. Moreover, the accumulation of piericidin A in the fermentation broth was
higher in death stage of growth.
Conclusion:Here, a piericidin A-producing Streptomyces strain with strong anti-Xanthomonas activitywas
identified. This strain highly accumulates piericidin A, therefore this strain could have the potential to be a host for
genetical manipulation.
Keywords: Bacterial leaf blight. Xanthomonaseoryzae. Streptomyces. piericidin A
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
MBVD-13
Modified Photosynthetic Microbial Desalination Cell to Enhance Water
Desalination
Ali Husnain keerioa, Muhammad Rizwana
aU.S. Pakistan center for Advance Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Email Address: drmrizwan.uspcasw@faculty.muet.edu.pk
Background: Desalination is becoming common for converting saline water into potable water. Converting salt
water of oceans into freshwater is a solution to overcome the need for freshwater. Several methods are used for
converting seawater into drinking water. Some of the most common desalination technologies are reverse osmosis
(RO), electro-dialysis and distillation. These methods are expensive and consume high electrical energy. To
overcome these issues bio-desalination techniques were introduced. One of the method is Microbial Desalination
Cell (MDC). But there is some constraint to MDC like, at anode and cathode chamber, expensive and toxic
chemicals are used as catholyte which are not environmentally sustainable. In this research, Photosynthetic MDC
(PMDC) was used. The aim of this study was to enhance desalination by using, a marine microalgae Chlorella
vulgaris as a bio-cathode and also at anode in dead form.
Method: A three chamber photosynthetic MDC reactor was constructed in which between anode and cathode
desalination chamber was constructed by separating it through anion and cation selective membrane. Microalgae
with sodium bicarbonate as an inorganic carbon source was used at cathode and an activated sludge as an inoculum
and dead microalgae as an nutrient was used. The effect of salt removal was observed.
Result: the maximum salt removal efficiency was achieved by this photosynthetic MDC of 43% and maximum
voltage was achieved of 243 mV.
Conclusion: in this study, Salt was removed bio energy was generated without any external source but the salt
removal rate was low.
Keywords: Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC), Bio-Desalination, Photosynthetic MDC (PMDC), Bio-Energy, BioDesalination Technique.
Abstract Id
FIM-01
ASSESSING WEATHER EFFECT ON FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
Mohaimenul Islam Sourav1, Al Mahmud Shoaib2, Jhumana3
1Undergraduate student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Military Institute of Science & Technology(MIST), 2Undergraduate student, Dept. of
Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, 3Undergraduate student, Dept. of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,
Email: mohaimenulislamsourav@gmail.com
Introduction: Bangladesh has six seasons with six different temperatures. There is a relation of temperature with
food microbiology. The food microbiology factors like Humidity, Oxygen, Moisture content etc. has great influence
in food degradation. The aim of this research is to find the relation of this factors with temperature effect & effect of
this factors with our six seasons.
Method: This research has been conducted through some online questionnaire. And the result has been analysed
using structural Equation Modeling(SEM). Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) is used to test the relations with the
variables. It provides the relation that, how these variables are connected to each other. For our result, we have taken
a SEM model to show the factors which are related to generate food microbiological.
Result: From our model we can see that, all the factors are positively correlated for food degradation. And the
model fit also satisfying. This factors have strong relation with temperature. In different temparature this factors act
differently.
Conclusion: So, we can conclude that, weather has great impact on food microbiology. Some major factor may
cause food degradation at low temperature but hot (summer season) temperature has great impact on food
microbiology.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Keywords: SEM, Food, Weather
Abstract Id
FIM-3
ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCC US AUREUS
ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS DRY FOODS IN TEJGAON AREA, DHAKA
CITY, BANGLADESH
Golam Md. Sarwar, Maruf Abony, Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta
Agriculture and Food division, Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
E mail: kbdsarwarbsti@gmail.com
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes skin and soft tissue abscesses
while Staphylococcal food poisoning is a gastrointestinal illness caused by eating foods contaminated with toxins
produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is also an important pathogen due to a combination of
toxin-mediated virulence, invasiveness and antibiotic resistance. This study aims to find out multidrug resistance
pattern of isolated Staphylococcus aureus from food sample to check food quality.
Methodology: Dry Food Samples were enriched in buffered peptone water and serial dilution was done using
with distinct morphological characteristics were identified using biochemical tests and S. aureus isolates were tested
for antibiotic sensitivity.
Result: It was seen that 0% (Gentamycin) to 100% (Amoxycillin) of the S. aureus strains are resistant to the
antibiotics used against them. Gentamycin (100% sensitive) is the best drug for the treatment of S. aureus infection
followed by Chloramphenicol (95% sensitive). One of the samples (2.5%), Five of the samples (12.5%) were
resistant to 6 antibiotics, and five of the samples (12.5%) were resistant to at least 5 antibiotics. Overall 27.5% of
the strains are Multidrug resistant (resistant to 5 or more of the antibiotics tested).
Conclusion: S. aureus usually does not cause illness in healthy people, but Staph has the ability to make toxins that
can cause food poisoning. As it multiplies in food, it may produces toxins which are resistant to heat and so cannot
be destroyed by cooking.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, dry food, drug resistant.
Abstract Id
FIM-4
Rapid detection of Salmonella in marine fish from Machilipatnam port.
P.VeeraBramha Chari,G. Bhargava Ram
Department of Biotechnology, Krishna University, Machilipatnam-521001, AP, India
Email: bhargavram1981@gmail.com
Background: Fish food is the most savored food in aspects of health. Aquaculture is growing at a rapid pace to
meet the increasing demand for nutritious and healthy fish food. This comes with associated health risks from
Salmonella spp. Fishes consumed locally and fishes like Atlantic salmon, tilapia are also reported to be
contaminated by Salmonella spp. It is critical to identify these contaminants to avoid health risks and economic
losses.
Method: Fish samples of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were collected from Machilipatnam coast and
processed to isolate the contaminating organisms. In the present study, 16S rRNA sequencing method is used to
identify the isolated organism to species level to identify the organism and its susceptibility by determining its
antibiogram.
Result: Of the fish samples studied, in one of the sample microbial contaminant was isolated and identified as
Salmonella typhi and its antibiogram has shown its susceptibility towards to Amox-Clav, Cefixime, Meropenem,
Aztreonam, Imipenem and also moderately sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ofloxacin and Cefepime and
resistance of the strain to Oxacillin.
Discussion: Salmonella spp is associated with marine fish and it is critical to identify the microbial contaminants
which thrive and cause damage to quality of fish and also health hazards to humans. Identification of the associated
pathogen and its antibiogram data will help the physician for a faster treatment.
Conclusion: From this study it can be concluded that the marine fish are associated with Salmonella contamination
and having antibiogram data helps in treatment. Preventive measures like proper cooking of fish before consumption
will avoid the occurrence of typhoid fever.
Key words: 16SrRNA, Salmonella, Antibiogram.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
FIM-06
Isolation and identification of Salmonella spp in mayonnaise from different
restaurants in Jashore, Bangladesh.
MD. Tanvirul Haque
Jashore University of Science and Technology
E mail: tanvirulhaque108084@gmail.com
Introduction: Commercial mayonnaise and salad dressings are microbiologically shelf stable, and extremely safe
processed foods. Mayonnaise made from contaminated eggs has been linked to outbreaks of Salmonella infections.
This study was undertaken to isolate and identify the fate of Salmonellae in mayonnaise and to evaluate the
prevalence of Salmonella spp in mayonnaise from different restaurants in Jashore, Bangladesh.
Methodology:14 types of restaurant’s mayonnaise were collected to perform this study. The samples were enriched
in selenite cysteine broth and incubated for 24h. 1 loop full bacterial culture was streaked in XLD agar plates and
incubated for 24-48h at 37°C. Then the bacterial culture was sub-cultured in the following agar plates: SS,
MacConkey and XLD agar plates which were incubated for 24-48h at 37°C. Gram staining, Catalase and oxidase
test, Urease test, KIA test, Citrate test, Indole test, MR-VP test were performed for conforming Salmonella species.
Each time 1 positive control was used to perform the biochemical tests.
Result: There were no desiring bacterial colony (Salmonella spp) contained in those examined samples of
mayonnaise and there were no conforming positive results.
Conclusion: Though low-level Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis remained stable in artificially contaminated
mayonnaise for 4 weeks at 48°C. The examining ingredients weren’t contaminated with Salmonella spp. For this
reason, the biochemical tests didn’t form positive results. Foods prepared with mayonnaise dressings possess
sufficient antimicrobial properties as long as they are properly prepared. Low pH of mayonnaise has an adverse
affect on Salmonella spp. to survive. So the acidity of mayonnaise is an important factor that contributes to its
antimicrobial properties in restaurants foods containing mayonnaise.
Key words: Mayonnaise, Selenite cysteine broth, XLD, SS, MR-VP.
Abstract Id
FIM-07
Probiotic potential of Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3
Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska*, Sofija Konstandinovska, Ana-Marija Bosilkovska, Dzoko
Kungulovski
Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences
and Mathematics, Arhimedova 3,
Skopje, North Macedonia
E mail:*natalijaap@gmail.com
INTRODUCTION: Probiotics are live nonpathogenic microorganisms administered to improve microbial balance,
particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics exert their beneficial effects through various mechanisms,
including lowering intestinal pH, decreasing colonization and invasion by pathogenic organisms, and modifying the
host immune response.
METHODOLOGY: This research includes two parts of experiments with Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3. The first
part of this research involves physiological tests such as determining the optimal conditions for growth and
cultivation of this microorganism by monitoring the growth kinetics of this bacteria, the optimal temperature, time
of incubation and pH. Further research involves determination of probiotic potential, such as tolerance to acidic pH
values, bile tolerance and antimicrobial assay.
RESULTS and DISCUSSION: Maximum growth of Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 was observed in Muller –
Hinton broth, at pH 7 after 24 hours of incubation at 44 °С. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 is catalase – positive,
with ability to tolerate 6.5% concentration of NaCl, and shows α-hemolysis. The log phase is identified at 22nd hour
of incubation. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 shows ability for arginine hydrolysis, carbohydrate fermentation and
toleration to different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 is sensitive to the
antibiotic Augmentin and shows antifungal activity. Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3 shows the ability to grow at pH
3.
CONCLUSION: According to the probiotic potential determination protocol used in this research, the bacterial
culture Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3, meets the criteria of a potential probiotic, such as tolerance to low pH,
important for the survival of bacteria in the stomach and food. The other criterion is sensitivity to bile salts, an
important feature of a probiotic potential due to bacterial growth and survival in the gut.
Key words: probiotics, microbial balance, microorganisms, optimal conditions, antimicrobial assay.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract Id
FIM-08
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella in Poultry Eggs of Noakhali region
of Bangladesh
Tania Akter Neela1, Mahin Reza1*, Ishrat Jahan1, Firoz Ahmed1
1Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
Mahin Reza, Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.,
E mail: mahin@nstu.edu.bd
Introduction: Animal or its food products have been the most common vehicles of the Salmonella infections. This
study aimed to isolate and identify Salmonella and other enteric pathogens to investigate the distribution of
pathogenic bacteria in many commercial layer farms of Noakhali area to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern
of the isolates.
Methodology: 110 chicken and duck egg samples were collected from poultry farms and marketing channels
(wholesale and retail markets). The samples were pre-enriched with buffered peptone broth and later selectively
enriched with Selenite cysteine broth and Mackonkey broth, finally transferred to selective media which can only
support the growth of Salmonella and other enteric pathogens such as XLD, SS and MacConkey agar media. After
incubation, colony growth was found. Biochemical tests were done to confirm the growth of Salmonella spp. on
agar plates. After confirming the presence of Salmonella antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Kirby
Bauer Disk Diffusion methods.
Results & Discussion: This study reported a high number of Salmonella species in poultry (chicken) egg shells
where Salmonella species was present in 16.67% of collected samples. The antibiogram conducted on the
Salmonella species isolated from the various poultry egg samples revealed maximum isolates were multi-drug
resistant to more than 50% of the tested antibiotics especially to cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, cephalexin and
doxycycline. However, most of the Salmonella species were also found to be highly susceptible to ceftazidime, and
cefixime.
Conclusion: Salmonellosis due to the consumption of contaminated or infected eggs could pose serious public
health problem to the general public if allowed without precautions. The findings indicated ongoing Salmonella
cross-contamination inside or outside of the layer farms and that spread of Salmonella along the marketing channels.
It is important to take concerted action to improve antibiotic resistance surveillance with a view to monitoring the
emerging resistance genes and their transfer in both animal and human.
Keywords: Poultry, Eggs, Salmonella, Antibiotic resistance.
Abstract Id
FIM-9
Isolation and Characterization of Fungi associated with Pumpkin, Sweet Potato
and Cucumber
Md. All Asim Toky1, Ishrat Jabeen1
1Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka
Email: all.toky@northsouth.edu,
Background: Fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, various species of genus Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium,
Fusarium, Penicillium, usually destroy fresh vegetables. The fungi species can produce toxic metabolites in the
affected areas of vegetables, and this creates a potential health risk for humans. Potatoes, cucumbers and pumpkins
are important crops that are cultivated all over the world. These vegetables are found to be highly infected by fungi
at low temperatures and high humidity. The main goal was to complete the culture of the fungi through lysis buffer
method and to separate the DNA of the fungi from the culture. The study was conducted to isolate and identify
vegetable fungi from a local area of Dhaka city.
Methods: The collected samples were tested to identify fungal pathogens on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plate
method. Slide culture method was also performed for the morphological observation of fungi. Antibiotic disk
diffusion test was done to determine whether any of the antibiotics Chloramphenicol and Neomycin had any
antifungal effect. A simpler method for isolating intact DNA, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were carried
out for further molecular identification of isolated fungal species.
Results & Discussion: Based on morphological characteristics, a total of seven different fungi have been identified.
Alternariasp, Xerorohilamrostratum and Malacesia furfur from pumpkins; Aspergillus nidulus and Aspergillus
niger from Cucumber and Epicocom spp. and Neocytidilliumdimiditum was isolated from sweet potatoes. The
isolated fungi were found resistant to the antibiotics used. Our results from gel electrophoresis showed no band on
agarose gel except primer-dimer formation.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Conclusion: A total of seven different fungi species were found to be responsible for the deterioration of the studied
vegetables including tomato, eggplant & cauliflower. Due to current pandemic situation of COVID-19 outbreak, the
PCR conditions could not be optimized properly.
Key words: Fungi, Antibiotics, Polymerase Chain Reaction.
Abstract Id
FIM-10
Incidence of aflatoxigenic fungi and level of aflatoxins contamination in millet
grains sold in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Shitu, S.*, Attahiru, M., Abubakar, A. A. and Musa, M.O.
Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Science, College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria
E mail: sabiushitu22@gmail.com
Background: Fungal contaminations of crops have continuously raised global food safety concerns.Pre-and postharvest toxigenic fungi contamination of grains is a risk to food security due to the release of toxic secondary
metabolites (especially aflatoxins).In the current study, incidence of aflatoxigenic fungi and level of aflatoxins
contamination in millet grains in Kaduna State were studied.
Method: Three hundred and ninety (390) samples of millets were collected from 13 Local Government Area within
Kaduna State. Proximate composition of the samples was determined. A. flavus has been isolated and established as
the main contaminating toxigenic fungi. Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method was used for
detecting and quantifying aflatoxins in the millet grain samples.
Result: The results showed that toxigenic fungi were identified in 40(47.0%) out of 85 stores sample and 161
(52.8%) out of 305 marketed samples. Aflatoxins were detected in 24(28.2%) out of the 85 stored samples analyzed
and 105 (34.4%) out of 305 marketed samples of the millet grains analyzed.
Discussion: The variation in the incidence and concentrations of aflatoxins in the markets and stores could be
attributed to the differences in environmental factors during storage and processing as well as nutrient composition
of the samples.
Conclusion: The levels of aflatoxins found in some of the samples exceeded the acceptable limit (4 μg/kg) as
recommended by the competent food regulatory authorities. A. flavus and A. parasiticus, were isolated and
identified in the samples. A. flavus forms the major contaminating fungi. The findings of this study therefore
provided substantial evidence that the incidence of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins contamination of millet grain
is still a critical challenge in Kaduna State agricultural sector and in the marketing of agricultural commodities.
Keywords: Aflatoxins, Aflatoxigenic fungi, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, Millet grains
Abstract Id
FIM-12
Study of the applications of alkaline protease produced by soil isolated Bacillus
cereus FT11
Asha B* 1, 2and Palaniswamy M1
1Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India, 2SAFI Institute of Advanced Study. Vazhayoor, Malappuram, Kerala, India
Email: ashby1982@gmail.com
Background: Proteases are enzymes having various applications in the industries such as food, pharmaceutical,
detergent, leather etc. and hence form the largest selling enzymes in the world. This study was aimed to evaluate the
various industrial applications of alkaline protease enzyme produced by soil isolated Bacillus cereus FT11.
Method: The partially purified alkaline protease enzyme was tested for its various applications such as keratin
degradation, natural protein lysis, silver recovery from x-ray film by gelatin degradation, dehairing of animal skin,
stain removal from cloth and antibacterial activity.
Result: The enzyme degraded human hair and chicken feather indicating its keratinolytic activity. The enzyme
actively degraded natural proteins like blood clot, meat and coagulated egg albumin. The enzyme actively degraded
gelatine from used x-ray film and recovered silver and dehaired goat skin without any visible damage to skin. The
enzyme effectively removed blood stain, turmeric stain and plant extract stains from cloth and also showed
antibacterial activity against clinical pathogens.
Discussion: All the results are suggesting the industrial level applicability of the enzyme. The keratin hydrolysis and
natural protein degradation abilities of the enzyme can be made use in biodegradable waste management replacing
the hazardous chemical treatments. The silver recovery make them applicable in recycling of used x-ray films and
stain removal property can be made use in detergent industry. The antibacterial nature of the enzyme helps in
preventing microbial contamination in reaction systems where ever the enzyme is applicable.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Conclusion: the alkaline protease enzyme produced by soil isolated Bacillus cereus FT 11 is proved to be an
industrially useful enzyme with various applications.
Key words; alkaline protease, Bacillus cereus, keratinolytic enzyme, blood clot lysis, dehairing, antibacterial
activity.
Abstract Id
FIM-13
A Green economy: Mushroom production VS Zero Waste enterprise
Anjuli Chaubey, Poonam Dehariya*
Society for Ideal global needs (SIGN) Lab of Microbial technology and Plant Pathology
*Department of Botany, Dr. H.S.Gour University Sagar- 470003, M.P. India
Email: anjuli17.83@gmail.com
Introduction: The covid-19 pandemic has affected communities, businesses, and organizations globally,
inadvertently affecting the financial markets and the global economy. It has also sparked fears of an impending
economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation, and travel restriction have to lead to a reduced
workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Medium and longer-term planning is needed
to re-balance and re-energize the economy following this crisis. A broad socioeconomic development plan including
sector by sector plans and an ecosystem that encourages entrepreneurship is also needed so that those with robust
and sustainable business models can flourish. Agri-Entrepreneurship is an old idea where in the practicing
community is encouraged to set up their own business as related to their specialization. Thus the person becomes not
only the Producer of Agri goods but also its supplier and seller simultaneously in a very professional and scientific
manner. Demand and subsequent production of Mushrooms are on the rapid increase throughout the world.
Commercial mushrooms are produced on lignocellulose such as straw, sawdust, wood chips, and vegetable and fruit
peelings. As such, mushroom-forming fungi convert low-quality waste streams into a high-quality food. Spent
mushroom substrate (SMS) is usually considered a waste product. In this paper, we discuss the utilization of
different wastes into the production of mushrooms and potential applications of SMS in a green economy. For
production purpose we have taken different agric, domestic and industrial wastes and observed significantly
different growth on different substrates after the cultivation reutilization of spent mushroom substrates (SMS) was
carried out for various purposes like, as compost, as supplementation, as a substrate for other mushroom species, as
animal feed, to produce packaging and construction materials, biofuels and enzymes. This range of applications can
make agricultural production more sustainable and efficient. Hence, Mushroom cultivation will be a very profitable
entrepreneurship and help to promote the transition to a green economy.
Keywords: Mushroom, Substrate, Economy, Entrepreneurship, Spent mushroom substrate .
Abstract Id
FIM-14
The prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria
from drinking water around Dhaka city through an integrated approach of
phenotypic screening and genotypic analysis of β-lactamase genes
Kaifi Sultana Kabbo1, Ishrat Jabeen1
1Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka
E mail: kaifisultana.kabbo@northsouth.edu
Background: Widespread occurrences of antibiotic resistance have been reported as a global issue and several
studies are being conducted worldwide on this concern. However, the scenario is yet to be scrutinized in a
developing country like Bangladesh. This research emphasizes on the screening and characterization of extendedspectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzymes commonly produced by gram-negative bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae
family that can cause the degradation of beta-lactam antibiotics ultimately leading to multi-drug resistance.
Methodology: 70 water samples from different food vendors and roadside restaurants were collected around the
capital, Dhaka city. Using the laboratory techniques of sub-culturing and pure-culturing, bacterial colonies were
identified followed by a series of biochemical tests to isolate the expected strains. Single-disc and double-disc
diffusion methods of antibiotic susceptibility test further aided the identification of specific bacterial strains with
susceptible or resistant characteristics against the used antibiotics. DNA isolation of the obtained bacterial strains
was conducted to further amplify the DNA using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). DNA isolates were further sent
for whole-genome sequencing.
Results and Discussion: From the initial 132 strains, 85 identified strains were used to test for antibiotic resistance
where 57 of them expressed multi-drug resistance. Three bacterial strains of Enterobacter, Escherichia coli and
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Salmonella were finally separated. The highest percentage of resistance was observed for Enterobacter against all
the antibiotics used while Salmonella showed the opposite result.
Conclusion: The result of whole-genome sequencing has been obtained while the 16s RNA sequences are yet to be
received when this abstract is being written. The future workplan includes the comparative analysis 7;of both DNA
and RNA sequences and the result will be included in the final paper. Proper optimization of PCR might improve
the future research work which could not be done due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.
Key Words: Dhaka (Bangladesh), Beta-lactamase enzyme, Enterobacteriaceae, Beta-lactam antibiotics, Antibiotic
resista.
Abstract Id
FTM-15
Isolation and Characterization of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)
Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Water Samples of Various Food Vendors in
Dhaka City
Amanta Rahman1, Ishrat Jabeen1
1Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka
E mail : amanta.rahman@northsouth.edu,
Background: Food borne illness is a global threat to public health where most of these diseases are the result of
infections caused by pathogenic organisms namely Enterobacteriaceae, chemicals or harmful toxins.
In this research study, we examined the occurrence of β-lactamase enzymes producing bacteria from different water
effluents around Dhaka city. The beneficial outcome of this project includes phenotypic ESBL testing and detection
of β-lactamase genes that will provide evidence exhibiting prevalence of multidrug resistant β-lactamase producing
Enterobacteriaceae strains, enabling preventive measures to be taken to make less contaminated water ubiquitous in
Dhaka.
Methods: 70 different water samples were collected from various food vendors all over Dhaka city, from which
different bacterial colonies were identified after sub-culturing and pure culturing the samples. Gram-negative
bacterial isolates were characterized post conducting numerous biochemical tests. For each identified isolate,
antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the single disk diffusion method, followed by ESBL (Extended
Spectrum of β-Lactamase) testing by double disk diffusion method. The multidrug resistant strains were identified
and their DNA isolated on which PCR was conducted primarily but was not fully optimized due to the ongoing
COVID situation.
Results and Discussion: From the collected water samples, 85 different bacterial strains were identified from which
57 strains were resistant to multiple antibioticsand the most possible multidrug resistant strains identified were
Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Shigella spp. DNA isolates of the identified bacteria were then sent for whole genome
sequencing.
Conclusion: Our further works were interfered due to COVID-19 outbreak. We are yet to receive the 16S RNA
sequence, after which we will continue with comparative analysis of both the DNA and RNA sequences of the
resistant strains for characterization of β-lactamase enzyme producing genes in bacteria responsible for resistance to
antibiotics.
Key Words: Food borne illness, β- lactamase enzyme, ESBL testing, multidrug resistance, antibiotic susceptibility.
Abstract Id
FIM-18
Effect of the plasma-activated solution with hydrogen peroxide on microbial
contamination and quality of spinach
Zaryab Raza1,Asst. Prof. Pongphen jitareerat2
1,2SCHOOL OF BIORESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI, THAILAND
Email address: r.zaryab@yahoo.com
Background: Organically produced food is increasing throughout the world in response to concerns about intensive
agricultural practices (post harvesting) and their potential effect on human health as well as on the environment.
Food spoilage microorganisms and especially food-borne pathogens represent the main problem in the food industry
as an important public health threat and economic impact. To investigate the effect of the plasma-activated solution
with hydrogen peroxide on microbial contamination and quality of spinach during the storage time.
Methodology: Spinach treated with water as a control (untreated), Plasma activated water, 1% hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), and Plasma activated solution (PAS) for 5min and stored at 4°C for 12 days. Microbial detection (total
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
bacteria and E.coli) quality assessment (color a*, b*, L* and hue angle), DPPH radical scavenging activity %
inhibition, Ascorbic acid, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b activities were investigated.
Results: Results showed that (PAW), (H2O2), and (PAS) can reduce the contamination and maintain the quality of
spinach. Effectiveness of different treatments on bacterial decontamination on spinach. Effectiveness of PAW, PAS,
and 1% H2O2 treatment were prominent against untreated (control). PAS and PAW, these two treatments resulted in
high microbial reduction as compared to other treatments. However, the range of reduced count for total bacteria
PAS, PAW, and 1% H2O2 during storage time.
Discussion: Overall, these findings may suggest that plasma technology and hydrogen peroxide is one of the best
method to reduce the food waste, economical loss.
Conclusion: The current study was successful using Plasma activated water (PAW), 1%H 2O2 and Plasma activated
solution (PAS) to prevent microbial contamination and quality of spinach.
Key words: Spinach, microbial contamination, quality, Plasma technology, H 2O2, shelf life
Abstract Id
FIM-19
Microbiological Quality Assessment of Raw Beef Meat products from different
areas of Dhaka city.
Jarin Rifa¹, Kaniz Fatema¹, Sahana parveen²
1Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, 2Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), BCSIR
E mail: jarinrifa@gmail.com
Introduction: Meat is not only highly susceptible to spoilage, but also frequently implicated in the spread of food
borne illness. The objective of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of raw beef meat and ready-tocook beef products from different areas of Dhaka city.
Methodology: A total number of 20 meat samples were categorized into two groups, Group-1 meat (raw meat),
collected from different slaughter houses located in the commercial areas of Dhaka city and Group-2 meat(processed
meat products), collected from supermarkets. Microbiological quality of the samples was determined by Total
Viable Bacterial Count (TVBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC), Total Fecal Coliform Count (TFCC).
Results: Total viable count ranged from 1.0× 10 ⁴ to 9.0× 10 ⁷ in ready-to-cook meat products. Whereas, it was high
in the range of 4.8 × 10⁷ to 7.5 × 10 ⁸ in cfu/gm in raw beef samples. Eight samples from raw beef and 5 samples
from ready-to-cook meat products was confirmed with the presence of E. coli. No Salmonella spp & Listeria spp
were found from the samples. E.coli strains isolated from raw beef & ready-to-cook beef products showed high
resistance to Amoxicillin & Azithromycin. But was found to be sensitive against Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicol &
Imipenem
Conclusion: The presence of bacteria in meat has been widely reported from different parts of the world. This study
indicated that the gram negative coliforms were present predominantly in the meat samples. As raw meats were
heavily contaminated with microorganisms and are potential sources of food borne infections, therefore raw meat
handlers should receive education in food hygiene.
Keywords: raw, ready-to-cook, beef.
Abstract Id
FIM-20
Microbiological Profile of Raw Salad Vegetables from Different Restaurants of
Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jibon Mukharjee, Bushra Jannat, Hafija Khatun,Md. Hasimun Hasan
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University
Email:jibonmukharjee@gmail.com
Introduction: Raw salad vegetables are a popular ingredient of a healthy diet, and the demand for salad vegetables
is increasing day by day. Vegetables are good source of carbohydrates, anti- oxidants, minerals, vitamins and fibers
and often consumed uncooked. These phytonutrients can act as suitable media for the growth of pathogens.
Contamination occurs mostly before harvesting, either by contaminated manure, irrigation water, and wastewater
from livestock operations or during harvesting, transport, processing, distribution, and marketing or even at home.
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of different pathogenic bacteria in salad items consumed in
different restaurant of Dhaka city.
Methodology: 35 raw salad vegetables were collected randomly from restaurants in a sterile plastic bag &amp;
carried to the Centre for Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University as early as possible within
the time frame of June,2020 – September,2020. Each sample were enriched in peptone both for 1 hour then cultured
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
on a number of selective media for isolation of pure culture from mixed culture. Then biochemical profiling and
antimicrobial resistance pattern were observed on presumptive isolates.
Result: All the studied salad samples contained pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (2×10 5 _ 1.5×10 7
cfu/g), Salmonella spp.(1.0×10 5 _ 1.5×10 7 cfu/g), Shigella spp.(2.5×10 5 _ 1.5×10 7 cfu/g), total coliform(2×10 5
_ 2.5×10 7 cfu/g),and Vibrio spp.(5×10 5 _ 1.0×10 7 cfu/g).Fungal growth was also found in all the samples. Most
of the pathogens from all these 35 samples were resistant against cefuroxime (30 µg), vancomycin (30 µg),
cephradine (5µg) and ampicillin (10 µg) while susceptible against ciprofloxacin (5 µg), azithromycine (15µg),
imipenem (10µg) and gentamicin (10 µg).
Conclusion: The study revealed the presence of pathogenic bacteria in common salad vegetables which may have
impact on food safety and public health. So, the finding suggests that following proper hygienic measures during
processing and handling of salad can play a vital role to prevent food-borne outbreaks.
Keywords: Salad vegetables, pathogenic bacteria, food safety.
Abstract Id
AVM-1
Chitinase Production and Purification from Pseudomonas RSML-24
* PB Pawar & DV Vedpathak
Dept. of Microbiology, Rajarshi Shahu College(Autonomous), Latur, *Dept. of Microbiology, Shri Vyankatesh Arts, Commerce And
Science College, Deulgaon Raja
E mail: pawarpb007@gmail.com
Chitinase (E.C 3.2.2.14) enzyme has potential to hydrolyze chitin. Due to its wide range of agriculture applications
for biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and harmful insects.In the present study, 5 Pseudomonas isolates were
screened for chitinolytic activity and on the basis of chitin hydrolysis zone Pseudomonas isolates were selected for
chitinase production in broth media.By study obtained the two strains Pseudomonas RSML-24 produced the
chitinase in sub-merged fermentation were 34 EU/ml respectively in crude extract by using liquid medium modified
with 0.1%glucose (w/v) contains 1% colloidal chitin KNO 3-10g, KH2PO4-5g, MgSO4-2.5g, FeCl3-0.02 g L-1
Chitinase production started after 24 h of incubation and reached maximum levels during the fourth day of
cultivation at 30˚C.After the production, Chitinase was purified from crude enzyme extract by ammonium sulphate
precipitation and dialysis. The enzyme was purified using 70% ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialyzed
against 0.02 M Tris buffer of pH 8.8 for overnight at 4˚C.The present study provides a suitable medium for enhances
chitinase production by Pseudomonas RSML-24. Moreover, the study reflects the potential of Pseudomonas sp to
produce chitinase for agricultural applications as biocontrol agent.
Keywords: Chitinase, Pseudomonas RSML-24, Purification.
Abstract Id
AVM-2
Migration of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) zoonotic Campylobacter spp. from
poultry to human and forecasting their MDR pattern on public health in
Bangladesh perspective
Muhammad Tarek1, Maruf Abony1, Prof. Dr. Suvamoy Datta2*
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh School of Science, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
*E mail: suvamoy.datta@primeasia.edu.bd
Introduction: Zoonotic bacteria typically cycle in domestic animals without causing disease in their typical hosts.
When they get transmitted into people, the disease that is produced can be severe. Poultry meat and environmental
samples were analyzed for detection of zoonotic Campylobacter, observing drug resistance pattern of isolates and
detection
of
similar
drug
resistant
biotypes
in
clinical
setting.
Method: Samples were inoculated on modified charcoal-cefoperazonedeoxycholate agar (mCCDA) (Oxoid, UK)
with supplement, 5% sheep blood agar and chocolate agar by the streak plate method. Media were simultaneously
incubated in microaerophilic atmosphere using CAMPYGEN GasPakunits (Oxoid, UK) at 37°C and 42°C.
Identification
of
different
pathogens
was
made
based
on
biotyping.
Results: A total 864 positive samples (25%) out of 3456 Campylobacter sp. were identified to observe the antibiotic
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
susceptibility. It was seen that 15.6% (Erythromycin) to 92.36% (Sulfomethoxazole) of the Campylobacter sp.
strains are resistant to the antibiotics used against them. Erythromycin is the best drugs according to sensitivity
(84.4%) followed by Ampicillin (66.81%).
Discussion: Sulfomethoxazole/Cotrimoxazole and Tetracycline shows similarity in Drug resistance in poultry
setting, due to them being used in poultry feed. Nalidixic Acid and Ciprofloxacin will be 100% resistant in 2020
while in case of Sulfomethoxazole, it will be by the year 2021. Campylobacter sp. were less present due to their
microaerophilic growth requirements and decrease in Campylobacter sp. population after slaughter.
Conclusion: Humans are infected by Campylobacter spp. through consumption of contaminated poultry products.
Physicians should be trained to use antibiotics only after culture and sensitivity tests of isolates to prevent
transmission of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter spp. strains. Personal and environmental hygiene are the key
components of prevention of Campylobacter spp. Infection.
Keywords: Multidrug resistance, Zoonotic Campylobacter, Poultry environment, Bio-typing
Abstract Id
AVM-5
Spectrum of pathological findings in avian aspergillosis
Andreia Garcês 1, Filipe Silva 2,3, Isabel Pires 4
1 Inno–Serviços Especializados em Veterinária, R. Cândido de Sousa 15, 4710-300 Braga, Portugal, 2 Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of
University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CRAS-UTAD),Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;3 CECAV -University of
Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
E mail: andreiamvg@gmail.com
Abstract:
Introduction: Aspergillus species are found worldwide in a large variety of species, in particular in birds.
Aspergillosis stands out, an opportunist mycosis caused by the Aspergillus genus, which affects mainly the
respiratory system (lungs and air sacs) and is considered one of the most important causes of mortality in captive
birds. Avian aspergillosis could be classified into acute or chronic disease.It can cause from a localized infection to
fatal disseminated diseases, as well as allergic responses to inhaled conidia. This agent has a greater importance in
the wildlife centers during the period in which the animals are kept in captivity to recovery from diseases or injuries,
and are most susceptible to this opportunistic agent. Several preventive measures are used against this disease,
nevertheless in some occasions these preventive measures cannot avoid outbreaks of aspergillosis.
Methodology: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology, macroscopic, histological lesions as well as
the isolation of Aspergillus species from wild birds to a service of necropsy.This work was carried in necropsied
animals at the LHAP autopsy service. In the necropsy macroscopic alteration was evaluated and fragment of tissues
were collected for histology and mycology.Samples collected for histology were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and
embedded in paraffin. Sections (3-4 µm) were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff
(PAS) and Grocott'smethanamine silver (GMS).The necropsy, histological and mycological examination established
the aspergillosis diagnostic in 11% (7/63) of the animals examined.
Result: The main species affected was Buteo buteo.Macroscopic alterations on the animals with aspergillosis were
varied. All animals presented thickened air sacs with abundant caseous and necrotic debris and grayish-green fungal
colonies and nodules in the air sacs and lungs. One animal presented dissemination to the bone and muscle. In our
study the prevalence of aspergilloses was not as high as reported on similar studies. The main lesion observed were
on the lungs and air sacs as expected. The most common specie affect was the Buteo buteo, that was not expected
since aquatic birds are more sensitive to this infection.
Conclusion: This work shows that the aspergillosis is an important disease that causes mortality in wild birds,
particularly during the recovering process of rehabilitation of these animals on the recovery centers. In the future is
important a more systematic sampling of the animals to identify which are the species more susceptible and which
measures should be instated to prevent of occur. Also is important a better identification of the agent, that many
times is not correctly identify.
Key words: bird, aspergilloses, wild, mycology
Abstract Id
AVM-6
Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents from
the Malaysian Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis sp.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Nur Shazleen Amira Sharol Nizam, Umme Tamanna Ferdous, Zetty Norhana Balia Yusofc*
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, Aquatic Animal Health
and Therapeutics Laboratory (AquaHealth), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia., Bioprocessing and Biomanufacturing
Research Center, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
*E mail: zettynorhana@upm.edu.my
Background: Marine microalgae have greater potential to attract various industries due to the presence of useful
bioactive compounds. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity from Malaysian marine
microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp..
Methodology: 1. Nannochloropsis sp. was grown in F/2 seawater media under 20 μmol photons/ m2/ s illumination
at 24 °C and 130 rpm. The morphological characterization was done by the bright-field microscopy. 2. Harvested
and freeze-dried biomass was extracted with methanol through sonication for 20 minutes and maceration for one
hour. 3. Then, the microalgal extract (1 mg/ml) was used to determine the antioxidant activity by using DPPH freeradical scavenging activity assay 4. Lastly, the phytochemical compounds such as total phenolics and flavonoids
were determined.
Results:. Methanolic extract (1 mg/ml) of Nannochloropsis sp. showed a higher percentage of radical inhibition (59
%) in DPPH assay. Total phenolic content was 3.03 ± 0.24 mg gallic acid equivalent/ g dry weight and total
flavonoid content assayed was 76.96 ± 2.00 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight. There was no correlation found
between flavonoid, phenolic content, and DPPH assay.
Discussion: In this study, high antioxidant activity and high amount of flavonoids and phenolics were observed in
the methanolic extract (1 mg/ml) of Nannochloropsis sp., but the correlation coefficients found between the
antioxidant assay and total flavonoids (R2 = 0.1207) as well as total phenolics (R2 = 0.1384) were not significant,
which means flavonoid and phenolic compounds in this extract were not the major contributor to this antioxidant
activity.
Conclusion: This study revealed excellent antioxidant activity and higher phytochemical (phenolics and flavonoids)
contents of Malaysian Marine Nannochloropsis sp.. The results of this study might be useful to consider marine
Nannochloropsis sp. as a natural source of valuable biomolecules that will benefit various industries.
Keywords: Antioxidant, flavonoid, microalgae, Nannochloropsis sp., phenolic
Abstract Id
AVM-7
Kawayang tinik as a Potential Antimycotic Agent
Abegail G. Saducos
College of Arts and Sciences, Tarlac Agricultural University, Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines, 2306
Email: asaducos@tau.edu.ph
Background: The importance of discovering and obtaining new, natural and widely available sources of potential
drugs have been the focused of scientific communities paralleled to the emergence of microbial resistance, one of
the biggest health threat in today’s society, in both bacterial and fungal species. This study determined the
antimycotic potentials of the different parts of Bambusa blumeana (kawayang tinik), a bamboo plant species
abundantly found in the Philippines, against selected pathogenic fungal species.
Method: The potential antimycotic properties of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf, rhizome, roots, inner culm and
outer culm extracts of Bambusa blumeana (kawayang tinik) were explored and tested against Penicillium
chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger using agar well diffusion method. Moreover, each extracts were also subjected
to qualitative phytochemical testing to determine the presence of phytocompounds to which its possible antimycotic
potentials could be associated.
Result: Results of the study revealed that all kawayang tinik extracts are equally effective in inhibiting Aspergillus
niger at 1 mg/ ml concentration while ethanolic root and leaf extracts are more effective in inhibiting the growth of
Penicillium chrysogenum. Furthermore, the results of the antifungal assay showed comparability of kawayang tinik
extracts to Fluconazole, a pharmaceutically - approved antifungal drug, at 1 mg/ml concentration. Phytochemical
studies further revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols, sterols, triterpenes and flavonoids in its different
parts of the local bamboo which may further support its potential as an antimycotic agent.
Discussion: The above- mentioned results may confirm the innate potential of the Philippine bamboo, kawayang
tinik, extracts as an alternative antimycotic source. Furthermore, the presence of various phytochemicals in the study
validated its pharmacotherapeutic capacities which may not only be applied to the above- mentioned fungal
organisms but to other microorganisms as well.
Conclusion: The significance of exploring new sources of effective antimicrobials is indeed indispensable
especially to the current times secondary to the surge of microbial resistance. The results mentioned above may
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
indicate that kawayang tinik extracts may offer new sources of phytocompounds which may serve as sources of new
pharmaceutical products. Therefore, further studies are highly recommended to fully discover the potentials of this
plant.
Keyword: Bambusa blumeana (kawayang tinik), antifungal, agar well diffusion, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium
chrysogenum
Abstract Id
AVM-11
Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Indigenous Bacillus Isolates with
Phosphate Solubilizing Activity
Shahrin Akter Aurin, SohanaParvin Chowdhury, Kaniz Fatema, Md. Asaduzzaman Shishir*
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
E mail: shahrinaurin@gmail.com
Introduction: Microbial conversion of organic and inorganic insoluble soil phosphates into the soluble forms could
be used as a promising eco-friendly strategy in covering the phosphorus (P) deficiency of plants. In this connection,
efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria were screened and their suitability as bio-fertilizer was checked.
Methods: Soil samples from 10 different areas were collected aseptically and processed with physiological saline
through serial dilutions and heat treatment and the appropriate dilutions were spread on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA)
plates. Presumptive identification of Bacillus like isolates was accomplished by morphology analysis and
biochemical tests. Phosphate solubilizing ability of the isolates was determined with NBRIP agar plates in vitro.
Antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the isolates were also obtained.
Results: Of twenty Bacillus like isolates, six (06) were observed to demonstrate varying phosphate solubilizing
ability with time. The maximum relative activity was estimatedforBgSp-3 (0.74), followed by BgSp-4 (0.72) and
BgSp-2 (0.71) isolates. These isolates were also potent in production of indole-3-acetic acid, an important growth
factor for plants. The maximum production of indole-3-acetic acid was demonstrated by BgK-1 (B. megaterium).
Moreover, the isolates were found to be sensitive to the tested antibiotics except few cases. Upon biochemical tests,
45% of the isolates were presumed as Bacillus subtilis followed by B. megaterium (25%), B. cereus (15%) and B.
thuringiensis (15%).
Conclusion: These phosphate solubilizing bacteria which are also safe in nature could be utilized as bio-fertilizer to
develop a sustainable agriculture with protected biodiversity and genetic resources.
Keyword: Bacillus, Phosphate Solubilizing bacteria, indole-3-acetic acid, biofertilizer
Abstract Id
AVM-12
Efficacy of Indigenous Bacillus spp. based Bio-bactericide in Controlling
the Phytopathogen, Xanthomonas spp.
Sohana Parvin Chowdhury, Shahrin Akter Aurin, Kaniz Fatema, Md. Asaduzzaman
Shishir*
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka-1213, Bangladesh, Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Presenting author’s: sohanaachowdhury@gmail.com
Introduction: The indiscriminate use of toxic chemicals to control the phytopathogens poses serious threats to the
ecosystem and public health.To develop a safer and more sustainable biological control method, the antimicrobial
activity of native Bacillus isolates was evaluated against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas spp. in this study.
Methods: Soil samples were collected aseptically and processed with physiological saline through serial dilutions
and heat treatment and the appropriate dilutions were spread on Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) plates. Presumptive
identification of Bacillus isolates was accomplished by morphology analysis and biochemical tests. Plant pathogen
Xanthomonas spp. were isolated from infected leaves of pepper plant by inoculating in Yeast Dextrose Carbonate
Agar plate at 28°C for overnight. The antibacterial assay was performed by agar well diffusion method. The
potential isolates were produced in large amount for field trial and applied on pepper leaves and compared with
controls. The antibiotic sensitivity profiles of the potential strains were also checked.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Result: Among the forty seven isolates, Bacillus pumilus (24%) was the most prevalent followed by B. thuringiensis
(21%), B. subtilis (19%), B.megaterium(17%) and others. Six of the isolates were found to be bactericidal against
Xanthomonas spp. as determined through in vitro bioassay.Bacillus isolate MyG8 was found to exert most
significant and consistent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the XanthomonasisolatesPlx3 (12mm), Plx4
(8mm), Plx 2 (7mm) and Plx1 (7mm). It was found from a field trial of 90 days period that Bacillus MyG8 was able
to improve the condition of the infected pepper leaves. Bacillus MyG8 also showed sensitivity against the 80% of
commonly used antibiotics and it was biochemically presumed as B. pumilus.
Conclusion: Further molecular characterization of these Bacillus isolates is required with simultaneous bioprocess
development for mass production to replace the harsh chemicals currently in use.
Keyword: Bacillus spp , Bio-bactericide, Xanthomonas spp, phytopathogen
Abstract Id
AVM-16
Mycotoxins in Dairy Animal Feed and Their Health Effects: Diagnostic Aids And
Treatment: A Big Animal Health Challenge
Habib-Ur-Rehman1*, Niamaullah Kakar2.
Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan, Center for advanced studies in Vaccinology and Biotehnology
(CASVAB), Quetta
*E mail: habiburrehman.2085@gmail.com
Background: There are many kinds of mycotoxins, causing different kinds of mycotoxicoses. Mycotoxins enter
into the body, usually by consumption of contaminated feed, do acts on cells causing the mycotoxicoses.
Mycotoxicoses are not contagious, nor is there significant stimulation of the immune system.Aflatoxin produced by
Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillusparasiticus, commonly found in corn, milo, cottonseed and peanuts, while its
concentrations in grains is very enough to cause acute aflatoxicosis. The five important aflatoxins are aflatoxin B 1,
B2, G1, G2, and M1. Aflatoxin is a liver poison (hepatotoxin) in all species that consume it, however, ruminants
tolerate it better than do monogastrics or poultry. It causes liver damage and liver cancer at high doses. Aflatoxin
exposure leads to depress the immune system, causes liver damage, liver cancer and abortions. Depression,
anorexia, reduced gain or milk production, subnormal body temperature and slow rumen motility are the clinical
signs of aflatoxicoses. Ingestion of ergot alkaloids contain in the sclerotia of Clavicepsspp, commonly found in
cereal grains causing Ergot toxicosis, leads to cause agalactia in lactating females. Fumonisins are produced by
Fusariummoniliforme and F. proliferatum, found primarily in white and yellow corn, having three kinds, fumonisins
B1, B2, and B3. Equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELE) is a fatal disease of horses and Porcine pulmonary syndrome
in swine are caused by fumonisins, through inhibition of enzymes involved in the production of sphingosine
(important component of cell membranes for neurons) from sphinganine.Vomitoxin is produced by
Fusariumroseum (F. graminearum) and F. moniliforme. It is commonly found in corn, wheat, barley, miloand rarely
found in oats, hay or forages. Vomitoxin is not very toxic, associated with feed refusal and decreased feed
consumption leads to affect the animal performance by inhibiting the protein and nucleic acid
synthesis.Zearalenone is produced by Fusariumroseum (F. graminearum) and F. moniliforme, found in corn,
wheat, barley, milo and occasionally in oats. Zearalenone is a chemical that can act similarly to the female sex
hormone estrogen, leads to disrupt the estrus cycle in females, causes infertility and feminization in males, and
precocious puberty in sexually immature females. Zearalenone content typically found in grains. Its production
become increase due to unusual environmental conditions during the growing season and insufficiently stored dried
grain usually having enough adversely affect on animals.
RESULT: Mycotoxins present in the feed/ration can betreated by adopting Modern agricultural practices, giving
usually supportive therapy and Antidotes, giving activated charcoal to decrease the ingested mycotoxins absorption,
using feed additives as mycotoxins binders, removing, stopping and preventing further exposure of contamination to
animal feed.
Key words: Mycotoxins, Dairy Animal Feed, Animal Health Challenge.
Abstract Id
AVM-17
Biological control of certain foliicolous fungi on some economically
important Rosaceous fruit plants from Kashmir Valley using some
aqueous plant extracts and fungal antagonists
Nadia Ashraf*, Mohd Yaqub Bhat and Abdul Hamid Wani
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India, 190006
⃰ E mail: nadiaashraf70@gmail.com
Introduction: Leaves of rosaceous fruit plants are attacked by several foliicolous fungi that result in reduction
of yield of fruit crops hence huge loss to the growers. The use of chemical fungicides in the management of
plant diseases has numerous limitations. Therefore, present investigation was conducted to study the
management of certain foliicolous fungi associated with economically important rosaceous fruit plants in an
eco friendly manner by using certain aqueous plant extracts VIZ- Artemisia absinthium L., Mentha arvensis L.,
Cannabis sativa L., Viscum album L. and fungal antagonists namely Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma
harzianum and Trichoderma pseudokoningii under Invitro conditions.
Method: Antifungal activity of certain plant extracts (aqueous) was evaluated against mycelial growth of three
foliicolous fungi VIZ- Alternaria alternata, Trichothecium roseum and Fusarium heterosporum using ‘Disc
diffusion method’. Also antifungal activity of these aqueous plant extracts was assessed through spore
germination using ‘Cavity slide method’.
Results: It was revealed from the results that all concentrations of extracts VIZ- S, S/5, S/10, S/50 resulted in
significant reduction of mycelial growth and spore germination of these fungal pathogens as compared to
control (without treatment). Highest reduction in mycelial growth and spore germination was shown by
Artemisia absinthium extract at standard concentration ‘S’ against T.roseum followed by Mentha arvensis
extract against T.roseum, Viscum album extract against A.alternata and Cannabis sativa extract against
A.alternata at same concentrations. Study was also undertaken to assess effect of three fungal antagonists
against the test fungi under Invitro conditions. Maximum inhibition of radial mycelial growth (%) of isolated
foliicolous fungi was shown by T.harzianum followed by T.viride and T.pseudokoningii.
Conclusion: These plant extracts may have potentiality to act as natural antimycotic agents for management of
these pathogenic foliicolous fungi. However, further investigation is required for using these plant extracts and
fungal antagonists against pathogenic foliicolous fungi under Invivo conditions.
Key words: foliicolous, eco friendly, extracts, antimycotic, antagonist
Abstract Id
AVM-18
Evaluation of stability of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) vaccine virus in
different diluents
Nijaya Mohanto, Saiful Islam Siddiqui, Murshida Parvin, Shahana Begum, Rokshana
Parvin, Md Rafiqul Islam and Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
Department of Paraclinical Courses, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gono University, Savar, Dhaka, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science,
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh
E mail: nijayamohanto@gmail.com
Background: Specialized freeze drying process is being used in the field for different thermostable vaccine
preparation worldwide. The thermostability remains only in undiluted conditions. In Bangladesh, dilution make at
the morning and the diluted vaccine is being used for the whole day or sometimes even for the next day without
maintaining any cool chain which compromises vaccine efficacy. In this study, we tested stability of PPR vaccine
virus with trehalose based diluent in vitro. Our field study revealed increased immune responses while trehalose
based diluent was used.
Method: The available PPR vaccine was reconstituted with conventional diluent (supplied by Department of
Livestock Services) and with trehalose based test diluent. The diluted vaccine was kept at environmental
temperature without maintaining any cool chain at a selected time point. Subsequently, Vero cells were cultured in
96 well cell culture plate. These Vero cells were infected with both reconstituted vaccines and assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9
and 24 hours post dilution. The tissue culture infectivity dose (TCID 50/ml) was determined on the basis of cytopathic
effect (CPE) using Reed and Muench method. The presence of the virus particles in Vero cell was confirmed by
standard RT-PCR targeting Fusion (F) gene of PPR virus.
Results: Infected Vero cells produced 70-80% CPE in 5th days of post infection. Both diluents produced and
maintained infectivity titer from log10 TCID50 5.5 to log10 TCID50 3.6 until 9 hours post dilution. On the other hand,
only trehalose formulated vaccine produced log10 TCID50 2.5 at 24 hours of post dilution whereas no infectivity titer
was observed at the same time using conventional one.
Conclusion: The present study reveals that trehalose based diluent exhibited better infectivity titre which preserves
the quality of reconstituted vaccine. Trehalose can be a diluent of choice for reconstitution of PPR vaccine in field.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Key words: PPR vaccine, Trehalose diluent, Infectivity titre, Vero cell, cytopathic effect .
Abstract Id
AVM-20
Brucellosis in slaughter house in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Seroprevalence and
analysis of risk factors
Muhammad Rizwan*, Abbas Khan, Nasib Zaman, Zahid Hussain, Fazal Akbar, Muhammd
Ali, Nadia Bibi, Aishma Khattak
Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abasyn University Peshawar, Department of Microbiology,
Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar, Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Butto Women University Peshawar
E mail: rizwanbbt55@gmail.com
Introduction: Brucellosis is the most widespread disease affecting both human and animals throughout the world
with serious economic losses. Keeping in view importance of Brucella, the present study was conducted to
determine the sero-prevalence of this disease in abattoirs workers of district Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The
main objectives of the study were to determine prevalence & risk factors that are associated with the disease.
Methodology: A total of 100 blood samples were collected from butchers, slaughterers and sanitary workers of the
two abattoirs of district Peshawar. All the sample were screened through Serum plate agglutination test (SPAT),
Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and were than subjected to indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA)
IgG for final confirmation.
Results:The overall sero-prevalence of the disease was 12, 15 and 19% through RBPT, SPAT and i-ELISA
respectively. The highest prevalence of disease was found in butchers followed by animal slaughterers whereas the
sero-prevalence in sanitary workers of the abattoirs was 16.66%. Age wise, the highest incidence rate of the disease
41.66% was recorded in abattoir workers having age between 41-50 years while the lowest prevalence of the disease
was recorded in people having age below 20 years. The highest prevalence of the disease 40% was recorded in
group of people who have worked for 26-30 years in the abattoirs, while the lowest prevalence 9.52% was recorded
in group of people who have worked for 6 to 10 years. The disease prevalence was higher in married people as
compared to unmarried people.
Discussion: The incidence of disease was higher in people who consume raw meat, followed by people who doesn’t
consume raw milk or meat, While no case was reported in workers consuming raw milk. The slaughter house
workers in both the slaughter houses were not using personal protective measures like protective clothes, gloves,
mask and gum boots etc. The history of clinical signs & symptoms was also recorded.
Conclusion: Lack of personal protective measures during animal slaughtering increases the risk of Brucellosis.
Routine blood screening of abattoir workers is required on regular basis.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Serum plate agglutination test, RBPT, sero-prevalence
Abstract Id
AVM-22
Surveillance of newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus in poultry and
captive wild birds in poultry-dense regions of Punjab, Pakistan
Aziz Ul-Rahman* and Muhammad AsifRaza
Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
E mail: drazizangel@gmail.com
Introduction: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV) are causing contagious diseases in
chicken and wild birds worldwide, however; there is a paucity of information on the current status of seropositivity
of ND and AI diseases in chicken and wild birds. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the serological
prevalence of both viruses in commercial poultry (broiler, layer chickens), backyard poultry, and captive wild birds
in poultry-dense regions of Punjab, Pakistan.
Methodology:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent(ELISA) and Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assays were
performed for the determination of antibodies against NDV and AIV and their genotyping and subtyping,
repectively.
Results: Overall, seroprevalence of NDV and AIV of 47.5% and 67.4% respectively, was observed in both poultry
and wild birds. Based on bird’s category, layer chickens had the highest seroprevalence of NDV (60.8%) followed
by backyard poultry (56.8%), broilers (52.7%), pigeons (41.3%), peafowls (26.1%), ducks (23.8%), turkeys
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
(16.7%), parrots (14.3%) and quails (2.3%). Comparatively, backyard chickens had the highest seroprevalence of
AIV (78.8%) followed by ducks (73.8%), layers (73.5%), pigeons (72.5%), broilers (70.1%), turkeys (55.5%),
peafowls (47.8%) and parrots (42.8%). Overall, 40.1%, 34.2%, 31.3%, and 25.1% sera were positive for H9 AIV, GVII NDV, H7 AIV, and G-VI NDV, respectively.
Conclusion: The current study revealed a widespread exposure of NDV and AIV in poultry and captive wild birds.
Therefore, it is crucial to include captive wild birds in NDV and AIV surveillance programs to further strengthen
disease control measures, particularly in endemic regions.
Keywords: Newcastle disease virus, Avian influenza virus, seroprevalence, poultry, captive wild birds, poultrydense regions, Pakistan
Abstract Id
AVM-25
Detection of Drug-resistant S. aureus from Poultry Samples Collected from
Different Areas of Bangladesh
Mahmuda Akhter Akhi1, Nantu Chandra Das1,2, Avijit Banik1*, Maruf Abony1,
Muniara Juthi3 and Muhammad Ekhlas Uddin4,5
1Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Banani, Dhaka -1213, Bangladesh., 2Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka -1100, Bangladesh.,
3Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, BRAC University, Dhaka -1213, Bangladesh., 4 Standard Wing, Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka -1208,
Bangladesh., 5Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong -4331, Bangladesh.
E mail: akhimahmuda358@gmail.com
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci that can cause foodborne illness which can be
transmitted by chicken meat, both raw and undercooked; consumption of which may cause infection and/or toxicity
in consumers. This current study was conducted for the detection of the prevalence of S. aureus in three types of
poultry samples which included chicken meat, chicken eggs and droppings.
Methodology: Samples were aseptically collected from different rural and urban areas of 8 districts of Bangladesh
in triplicate collection method which was conducted in the Centre for Excellence, Department of Microbiology,
Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to detect the Multi Drug- Resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Isolation was done
by using 7.5% Sodium Chloride broth for enrichment and Mannitol salt agar after enriching samples in Buffer
Peptone water. Antibiogram was done by using Kirby Bauer Method on Muller Hinton agar.
Results: The current study revealed 68% (17/25), 84% (21/25) and 52% (13/25) of S. aureus in chicken meat, eggs
and dropping, respectively. Around 75.47% isolates (40/53) showed 100% similarity with S. aureus from the
generated Dendrogram based on biochemical data. Cefixime (62.67%) showed the highest sensitivity against all of
the isolates while Penicillin (86.62%) exhibited the highest resistance. Moreover, 59.62% of isolates were resistant
to 5 or more drugs (Multidrug-Resistant).
Conclusion: Poultry products such as meat and eggs were contaminated with drug-resistant S. aureus which can
cause serious health effect to the consumer. The drug-resistant pathogen in droppings helps to indicate the spread of
drug-resistant isolates in the environment. Therefore, proper sanitation measures should be taken to ensure the
quality of the products during slaughtering, collecting eggs or disposing of poultry litter.
Keywords: Poultry meat and egg; chicken dropping; Staphylococcus aureus; MDR (Multidrug-Resistant).
Abstract Id
EM-ME-1
Chitinase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens to manage Helopeltis theivora
infestation in tea
M. Suganthi1,2*, P. Senthilkumar1,3 & S. Arvinth1,4
1Plant Physiology & Biotechnology Division, UPASI Tea Research Institute, Valparai, Coimbatore 642127,India.
2 Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies Pallavaram, Chennai 600 117.3Department of Genetic Engineering,
SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India.
4Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641004, India.
*Mail: suganthi.sls@velsuniv.ac.in;
INTRODUCTION: In India, tea Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntz is having a special place as an export-oriented
perennial crop. Helopeltis theivora is one of the most serious pest that cause a extensive economical loss to tea
growing regions. Instead of using bacterial culture as a biocontrol, metabolite like chitinase plays a target specific
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
role in the insect pathogenicity. In this regard, chitinolytic bacterial strains were isolated from tea rhizosphere.
Among 113 strains, Pseudomonas fluorescens MP-13 reported as high chitinase producer and 100% insect mortality
was noticed against adults of tea mosquito bug by our research group in previous report.
METHODOLOGY: Set of bacterial chitinase primers were successful in amplification of targeted enzyme
classified within the group D glycosyl hydrolases of family 18. The chitinase gene was cloned from tea rhizosphere
bacteria P. fluorescens MP-13 and chitinase amino acid sequence showed a high extend of similarity with other
group of chitinases.
RESULTS:Insilico analysis reveals that the deduced amino acid sequence showed that the prote:Lin consisted of
chitin-binding domain, catalytic domain and a fibronectin type III domain also an amino terminus signal peptide.
DISCUSSION: In usual practice, tea planters adopted spraying high dose of chemical pesticides which leads to
accumulation of undesirable pesticide residues in processed tea, toxicity hazards to consumers, resistance
development by insect pest and environmental pollution. In recent years, chitinase enzyme from microorganism has
attracted substantial attention since it take part in the defense against chitin-containing pests and pathogens. The
presence of a signal peptide site in chitinase predicts that chitinase is secreted from P. flourescens MP-13 and;
therefore, may either be toxin or enzyme exuded by the bacteria as part of their insect pathogenicity.
CONCLUSION:This study allows the identification of new groups of bacterial metabolite, behind utilizing
chitinase as a biopesticide in pest management strategies.
KEYWORDS: chitinase, tea rhizospheric bacteria, biopesticide
Abstract Id
EM-ME-3
Biological Treatment of “Morpholine”: A Xenobiotic Pollutant
Rupak Kumar1
1CDSCO, New Delhi, India
E mail: rupakraman@gmail.com
Background: Every second 310 Kg of toxic chemicals (annularly 10 million tons) are released into our air, land,
and water by industrial facilities around the globe. Of these, about 21% i.e., 65 Kg per second toxic chemicals
(nearly 2 million tons per year) are recognized carcinogens. Morpholine is one among of the xenobiotic toxic
chemical (with an annual production of>25000 tonnes) released through industrial effluents from textile, rubber,
agriculture, plating, paper and personal care industry into environment. Morpholine itself does not possess a
carcinogenic teratogenic (birth defect) effects but when it undergoes natural or biological nitrosation (in presence of
nitrite/nitrosonium ion), it forms N-nitrosomorpholine, (NMOR), which is a well-known hepatocarcinogen.
Excessive intake of NMOR can cause multiple primary neoplasms in the respiratory, upper digestive tracts and liver.
Method: A systematic study was performed to check the available morpholine in culture supernatant of naturally
selected bacteria, when they slowly undergo acclimatizationin presence of gradual increase of 100 ppm of
morpholine from the initial concentration of 1000 ppm of morpholine.
Result: Six out of 22 naturally selected isolates were identified and further evaluated their efficacy to remove
morpholine in relation to establish the degradation pathway if so. In the consecutive study, these six natural mutants
showed complete degradation of 0.10 to 0.28% of morpholine within 20 days of acclimatization exposure.
Discussion: The workhorses of this effective removal are microbes and it is necessary to note that anthropogenic
environmental pollutants even at low concentrations often produce deleterious effects on organisms, which are
difficult to be predicted, because measurable effects are expressed only after prolonged exposure.
Conclusion: Because formation of NMOR due to nitrosation of morpholine may lead to cancer over a period of
time, it is certainly not a situation to be ignored and raising the need for its effective removal via the route of
bioremediation.
Keywords: Environmental pollutant, Morpholine, Biodegradation, N-nitro
Abstract Id
EM-ME-4
“Molecular Characterization, Optimization and Anti-bacterial Potential of
Penicillium citreosulfuratumKUMBASBT-53Isolated from Litter Soil of Dry
Deciduous Forest of Western Ghats - New Report in India”
*AkarshSubhakar and ThippeswamyBasaiah
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, Bioscience Complex, Kuvempu University, JnanaSahyadri, Shankaraghatta–577451, INDIA.
E mail: ambi29495@gmail.com,
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Background: Western Ghats of India is one of the 34 biodiversity hotspots of the world. The litter soil of dry
deciduous forest contains variety of nutrients furnish the niche for various groups of microorganisms. Citreosul
furatumbelongs to the genera Ascomycetes which had major ecological and biotechnologicalimportance. This
research aimed to isolate, characterize, optimize the growth conditions and determine the antibacterial efficacy of
methanol extract of P. citreosulfuratum.
Method: P. citreosulfuratum was isolated by serial dilution method on potato dextrose agar medium and it was
identified to generic level based on phenotypic characters. The fungus was confirmed as P. citreosulfuratum by
molecular level partial genome analysis of 18S r-RNA sequence by Sanger sequencing method using ITS-1 and ITS4 primers. The P. citreosulfuratum was optimized for different growth conditions such as temperature, pH, carbon
sources, nitrogen sources, mineral salts and amino acids. Anti-bacterial property of methanol extract of P.
citreosulfuratum was determined by agar well diffusion assay.
Results: The 18S r-RNA sequence of the isolated fungus Penicillium citreosulfuratum KUMBASBT-53 was
deposited to GenBank, NCBI. Accession No. MW130131. The fungus showed maximum growth and biomass
production at 25℃ temperature (12.77g/L), pH 5 (11.07g/L) and amendedsucrose (11.34g/L) as carbon source,
ammonium chloride as nitrogen source (12.76g/L), potassium phosphate (12.16g/L) as mineral salt and asparagine
(8.20g/L) as amino acid supplements. Different concentrations of methanol extract of P.citreosulfuratum was
effective against all the test bacteria with marked inhibitory effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [100mg/mL
(22mm), 75mg/mL (20.5mm), 50mg/mL (17mm) and 25mg/mL (15.5mm)]. Penicillium citreosulfuratum
KUMBASBT-53 is the new report in India. It generally found in the forest soil and plant decay matters.
Conclusion: Penicillium citreosulfuratum KUMBASBT-53 is a novel fungal organism it produces various group of
compounds as secondary metabolites which may have therapeutic and industrial applications further research is
needed to know the details of compounds produced by this fungus.
Keywords: Soil Fungi; First Report; Western Ghats; Inhibition Zone; Sanger Seq
Abstract Id
EM-ME-5
Diversity of micro flora present in the rhizosphere soil of cluster bean
(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (taub) MDU 1) under field condition
Karthiya .V and A. Vijayalakshmi*
Research Scholar, Department of Botany * Professor and Dean, School of Biosciences
Avinashilingam Institute for Home science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore - 43.
E mail: karthiyavelmurugan@gmail.com
Introduction: Disposable of toddypalm shells are a threat to the environment, a significant amount of shell residuals
are left over or landfilling after processing, it leads to the accumulation of waste causing environmental pollutions.
Without affecting the environment shell residues are converted into organic fertilizer through vermicomposting
technology. The aim of the study was focused on three different type of composts preparation & to assess it in
cluster beans and application of compost to enhance the microbial flora of rhizosphere soil.
Methods: The study consists of three composts (T 1- Coir pith, T2 - (TPS + microbial consortium + Eisenia fetida)
and T3 - EM culture) were fed to the plant and enumerated the population of microbes present in the rhizosphere
soil. The samples were collected from near root of cluster bean plant and the microbial analysis was done by serial
dilution method using different culture medium. Nutrient agar medium for bacteria, Rose bengal agar for fungi,
Knight’s & Munaier’s medium for actinomycetes, Pikovskaya’s agar for phosphate solubilizer and Ashby’s
mannitol agar for nitrogen fixer. Using different serial dilutions were carried out at regular interval of 30 th, 60th and
90th days.
Results: The microbial count was higher in 60th day in rhizosphere soil of cluster beans. Maximum bacterial count
(1.87, 2.68, 1.98× 106 CFU g-1) and actinomycetes count (0.51, 0.73, 0.69 ×10 5 CFU g-1) on 30th, 60th and 90th days
were obtained. Furthermore fungal colonies, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and nitrogen fixing bacteria
were peak in T3 (0.58, 1.84, 0.81 ×106 CFU g-1), (0.45, 0.59, 0.53 ×103 CFU g-1) and (0.47, 0.68, 0.54 ×103 CFU g-1)
at all phase. The results obtained in T 2 were more or less the equal to T 1 and T3.
Conclusions: The study concluded that microbial populations promotes fertility of soil in turn plant growth.
Keywords: TPS - toddypalm shell, microbial consortium, EM - Effective microorganisms and rhizosphere soil.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-6
INFLUENCE OF MICROORGANISMS IN THE CONVERSION OF COCOA
SHELL WASTE AS BIOCOMPOST
Silpa M* and Vijayalakshmi A**
EM-ME-6
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
*Research scholar, **Professor and Dean, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore 641043, Tamil Nadu, India.
E mail: silpasvp@gmail.com
Introduction: The present research work is to investigate the influence of microorganisms in the conversion of
cocoa shell as bio compost. Cocoa shell waste contains more micro and macro nutrients compared to other wastes.
Method: Microbial population was studied at regular intervals of 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 days in the biocomposting
units C, C1, C2, C3 & C4during the composting period. One ml of each sample was transferred to sterile petri plates
containing nutrient agar medium for Bacteria, rose bengal agar medium for Fungi &Ken-Knights & Munaier’s
medium for Actinomycetesincubated for one day, three days and seven days respectively.
Results: The total bacteria (3.83×106cfu/g,5.76×106cfu/gand 2.95×106cfu/g),fungi (0.79×104cfu/g,1.12 ×104cfu/g
and 0.66×104cfu/g)and actinomycetes (0.45×102 cfu/g, 0.57 ×102 cfu/g& 0.38×102cfu/g) population was
significantly increased from 0-30 to 30-60 days and decreased from 60-90 days.
Discussion: The combined application of microorganism treated biocomposting unit C 4- (Raw cocoa shell+ 10 g
Pleurotus eous + 10 g Pleurotus florida+ Eudrilus eugeniae) is microbiologically more active than other composting
units.
Conclusion: The study concluded biocomposting of cocoa shell waste can be used as organic manure for better
growth ofcrop plants.
Keywords: Cocoa shell, cfu- colony formation unit, Pleurotus oust, Pleurotus florida and Eudrilus eugeniae.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-7
Evaluation of Microbial population during biocomposting process of Vegetable
wastes
Pinky Raihing* and A. Vijayalakshmi**
*Research Scholar ** Professor and Dean, Department of Botany, School of Biosciences
Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore-43, Tamil Nadu.
E mail: raihingpinky17@gmail.com
Introduction: Biocomposting is the process of breaking down of organic matter as eco-friendly manure which bring
sustainable environment. The main objective of the study is to count the microbial population of vegetable waste bio
compost during winter season (December-February).
Method: The composting unit consist of C, C1, C2, C3 and C4. Microbial population changes were studied in regular
interval of 30th, 60th and 90th days in the composting unit. For the growth of microbes, Nutrient agar medium for
bacteria, Rose Bengal agar medium for fungi and Ken-Knight &Munaier’s medium for Actinomycetes are used. It is
incubated for one day, three days and seven days respectively.
Results: The results showed that C4 composting unit (Vegetable waste+ cowdung+ consortium of P. eous (APK1)
and Trichoderma asperelloides + Eudrilus eugenia) increases the microbial population when compared to other
compost and control.
Discussion: The remarkable bacterial, fungal and actinomycetes population was obtained in C 4 (3.92 X 106 CFU/g,
1.36 X 104 CFU/g, 0.56 X 102 CFU/g) when compared to control on the 60 th day. But as the compost mature, it is
reduced to 3.56 X 106CFU/g, 1.04 X 104CFU/gand 0.36 X 102 CFU/g on 90th day.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that C4- vegetable waste and consortia of fungus and Eudrilus eugenia
increase the microbes population when compared to other composting treatment. The microbial changes in the
compost are not only due to the nutrient present but also due to the decomposition of the organic matter by the
microorganism present. Hence, the biocompost can used as manure which can be incorporated into the soil for
enhancing the growth of plants.
Keywords: Composting, Eudriluseuginia, vegetable waste, CFU- Colony formation unit, Pleurotuseous (APK1).
Abstract Id
EM-ME-9
Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum, a fresh water alga in the removal of Reactive
Yellow from aqueous solution
Swathilakshmi AV* and Poonkothai M**
*Research Scholar, Department of Zoology **Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science
and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641043, Tamil Nadu
E mail: poonkothaiadu@gmail.com
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Background: To assess the potentiality of the freshwater algae Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum for the removal of
reactive yellow dye from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: Batch adsorption studies were carried out for the removal of reactive yellow from the
aqueous solution using freshwater alga Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum. The effect of various physico – chemical
parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, dye and biosorbent concentrations was investigated to assess the
decolorization and degradation ability. The UV- Visible and FT-IR spectral analyses were carried out to assess the
biosorption of the dye by the selected alga. The degraded metabolites were assessed for its toxicity against
fenugreek.
Results : Results revealed that the optimum conditions for decolourisation (96%) was found on third day of
incubation with 100 mg/l dye concentration amended with 0.3 g/l biosorbent at pH 8 at 30˚C. In the UV-Vis spectra
the peak of the degraded dye solution was diminished when compared with reactive yellow indicating the
biosorption of dye by Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum. FT-IR spectra of the dye loaded alga revealed significant shift in
the peak when compared with the control. The dye degraded metabolites favoured the growth of fenugreek when
compared with those grown in untreated dye solution indicating the nontoxic nature of the degraded metabolites.
Conclusion: The present study confirmed the potency of the fresh water alga, Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum as an
inexpensive and ecofriendly candidate for decolorisation of dye and textile effluent.
Keywords : Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum, Optimisation, UV- Vis, FT- IR, Phytotoxicity.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-10
Removal of Reactive blue from aqueous solution using
Rhizocloniumhieroglypicum
Swathilakshmi AV* and Poonkothai M**
*Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641043,
Tamil Nadu, **Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women,
Coimbatore – 641043, Tamil Nadu
E mail: swathivasu22897@gmail.com
Background: Reactive dyes are widely used in the textile industries due to its easy synthesis and chemical stability
and they are suggested to be toxic to the flora, fauna and human. Treatment of dyes by biological methods seems to
be inexpensive and ecofriendly. In this study, the fresh water algae Rhizoclonium hieroglypicum was assessed for its
degrading ability against the dye, reactive blue.
Materials and methods: The factors affecting decolorization such as pH, temperature, contact time, dye and
biosorbent concentrations were optimized under in vitro conditions. Further, to know the breakdown of the
metabolites, UV- Visible and FT-IR spectral analyses were carried out. The degraded metabolites were assessed to
check its toxicity on green gram.
Results: The results revealed that the maximum decolorization (93%) was found at pH8 at 35˚C on the second day
of incubation with 150 mg/l dye concentration amended with 0.2 g/l biosorbent.UV- Spectral analysis revealed the
disappearance of peak in the decolourised aqueous solution indicating the degradation of the dye by the alga. FT-IR
analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and amine groups which might have involved in binding of the
dye to the alga. Phytotoxicity study revealed that the metabolites obtained after biodegradation were non- toxic to
the green gram seedlings when compared to the untreated dye solution.
Conclusion: This study implies that use of algal isolate in biological treatment system could be helpful in reducing
the threat posed by pollutants in textile industrial effluent.
Keywords: Rhizocloniumhieroglypicum, Optimisation, UV- Vis, FT- IR and Phytotoxicity.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-11
Presence of fungi in the guts of Anoplolepis gracilipes (Hymenoptera: Formicate)
collected from brinjal plantations in Sri Lanka
Koshila H.V.A.S.2, Dias R.K.S.1, Edirisinghe P.2, Wanigatunge R.P.2
1. Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
2. Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Email: hvaskoshila@gmail.com
Introduction: Formicine ant species in temperate countries are known to be fungivorous. Anoplolepisgracilipes and
Camponotus opaciventris showed high frequencies of occurrence in Solanum melongena L (brinjal) plantationsin Sri
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Lanka.This investigation focused on confirming the presence of fungiin the guts of A. gracilipes and
C.opaciventrisant species foraging on brinjal plants.
Method: The two ant species collected from brinjal plantations in Yonganmulla, Amithirigala and Hiswella in
Gampaha district were preserved in absolute ethanol, labelled,and stored at -20 oC.Guts of 25 individuals of each
species were dissected separately under aseptic conditionsusing a low power stereomicroscope (OLYMPUS-SZ61)
and gut DNA was extracted usingDNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen), following the animal tissue protocol.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis was conducted for extracted gut DNA of each species, along with
positive control, using an universal primer pair (ITS1 and ITS4) designed for internal transcribed spacer regions
(nrDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of fungi. PCR amplicons were detected in 1% agarose gel using a gel documentation
system.
Results: An approximately 550bp amplicon, which aligned with the positive control, was observed with A.
gracilipes. The 900 bp amplicon observed with C. opaciventrisdid not align with the positive control and further
analysis is required for confirming its identity.
Conclusion: The observation confirmed the presence of fungi in the guts of A. gracilipes. Identification of fungal
species in the guts of A. gracilipes through sequence analysis willbe the next step of this investigation.
Keywords: Anoplolepis gracilipes, gut fungi, Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract ID
EM-ME 12
“Isolation, screeningand characterization of Bacillus pacificus KUMBNGBT-34
Isolated from dump yard soil of Shivamogga, Karnataka”
*Nandish gurubasajar and Thippeswamy Basaiah
Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, Bioscience Complex, Jnanasahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta – 577 451, Karnataka, INDIA.
Email: nandishgurubasajar29@gmail.com
Background: Plastic is a unique wonder material has some mutually exclusive qualities of being very light, yet
strong and economical. Plastics andsynthetic polymers are mainly produced from petro chemical elements. The
dump yard soil provides a good bacterial population responsible for the production of PHB granules. The research
aimed to isolate, screen and characterize Bacillus pacificus.
Methodology: The bacteria B. pacificus was isolated by serially dilution method on nutrient agar media and it was
identified by Gram staining and Sudan B black staining methods. The B. pacificus was screened by liquid- liquid
extraction method using ethyl acetate. The bacteria B. pacificus was confirmed by molecular characterization using
partial genomic analysis of 16s r- RNA sequence by using sangers method using 27f and 1492R primers.
Results: The 16S r-RNA sequence of the isolated bacteria Bacillus pacificusKUMBASBT-33 was deposited to
GenBank, NCBI. Accession No. MW025984. Bacillus pacificus KUMBASBT-33 was generally found in the
decaying matters and dump yard soils.
Conclusion: Bacillus pacificus KUMBASBT-33 is a bacterial organism it produces PHB granules responsible for
the production of bio plastic and further research is needed to know the degradation ability of this bacteria.
Key Words: Polyhydroxy butyrate; Dump yard soil; Sudan black staining; Screening; Ethyl acetate.
Abstract ID
EM-ME-13
“Identification of Vibrio sp from marine and fresh-water fish wastes of
Dhaka, Bangladesh.”
Oshin Ghurnee1.2, Md Shahadat Hossain, Shahela Sharmin Ity,Saiyedul Kownine Mozumder,
Maruf Abony1, Avijit Banik1,AneekaNawar Fatema1,and Suvamoy Datta*
1 Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, 2 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South UniversityPresenting author: ShahelaSharminIty, 1
Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University,2 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University
Email: shahadatlab22@gmail.com
Background: Members of the Vibrio genus are autochthonous inhabitants of marine coastal and estuarine
ecosystem worldwide. Vibrios exist in the marine environment as common heterotrophic bacteria.A small
percentage of environmental strains carry the genetic determinants for human pathogenesis. In particular, V.cholera,
V.parahemolyticus, V.vulnificus, V.mimicusandV.alginolyticusare significant pathogens of humans worldwide. In
this study, we attempted to identify the above-mentionedVibrio species from marine and freshwater fish wastes.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Methodology: Fish wastes were collected from fish markets and transported to Department of Microbiology,
Primeasia University while maintaining physicochemical parameters. Isolation of Vibrio spp. was done using the
Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose (TCBS) agar after growth of samples in Alkaline Peptone Water (APW) isolation
broth. Identification of isolates was done based on bio typing of isolates based on similarity with known Vibrio
species.
Results: A total number of 15 marine and fresh water fishes were examined and 40 isolates were tested. After
morphological and biochemical characterization, isolates were identified as V.cholera, V.vulnificus and
V.parahaemolyticus.
Conclusion: Marine fishes and shellfishes are a natural reservoir of halophilic Vibrio species. Vibrio cholera,
V.paraheamolyticus, V.mimicus, V.vulnificus and V.alginolyticus are often seen to have caused diseases in humans.
Presence of these halophilic Vibrios in appropriate amount would support our assumption that these pathogens are
also present in the freshwater fishes of Bangladesh.
Key Words: Vibrio species, Freshwater fish, Marine fish, Fish waste, Bangladesh.
Abstract ID
EM-ME 14
“Bioaerosol Estimation in the Ambient Environment in Dhaka, Bangladesh”
Razia Sultana Ankhy1*, Shamma Jabeen Proma1, Nazmul Ahsan2, Farah Jeba1, Md. Safiqul
Islam1 and Abdus Salam1
1Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh, 2Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,
University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
E mail: raziasultanaankhy@gmail.com;
Background: Over the decades, air pollution is largely related to bio-aerosol as it can be pathogenic or can cause
allergic reaction following inhalation. The number and types of airborne microorganisms largely depend on the
environmental conditions. The aim of the study is to identify the culturable bio-aerosol in suspended particulate
matter and to study their antibiotic sensitivity.
Methodology: Air sampling was conducted with a low volume sampler on quartz filter paper sterilized with UVlamp (254nm). Samples from the filter paper were then cultured in different media such as Nutrient Agar (NA) and
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) both at 25°C and 37°C temperature. The number of airborne bacteria and fungi
was calculated as colony-forming units per cubic meter of air (CFU/m3) generated on the media plates after
incubation.
Results: It was observed that the maximum concentration of bacteria was 622±22 CFU/m3 at 26±2°C and 11±2
CFU/m3 at 20±2°C in both outdoor and indoor environments, respectively. The study showed that there is a positive
correlation between the concentration of fine particles and the concentration of microbes. The meteorological
parameters (i.e. temperature, relative humidity) also affects the number and growth of microbes. Moreover, some of
the identified bacteria showed resistance to the some commercially available antibiotics such as Cefixime,
Ceftazimidine, Nalidixic acid, etc.
Conclusion: The study reveals that, the more the air pollutants, the more will be the microbes associated with the
pollutants. Therefore, outdoor environment which has a higher concentration of microbes is more hazardous than
that of the indoor environment due to higher exposure.
Key Words: Bio-aerosol, suspended particulate matters, sabouraud dextrose agar, nutrient agar, antibiotic resistance
Abstract ID
EM-ME-15
Molecular Identification and Biosynthesis of AgNPs by Endophytic fungi
Coniothyriumchaingmaiense, KUMBMDBT-26 isolated from Euphorbia
tirucalli.”
Manjunatha, D and Thippeswamy, B*
Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Microbiology, Bioscience complex, Kuvempu university, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta-577451,Shivamogga dist.,,Karnataka,INDIA.
E mail : thippeswamyb205@gmail.com
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Background: Endophytic fungi are defined as the fungi which spend the whole or part of their lifecycle colonizing
inter or intra cellular inside the healthy tissues of the host plant, typically causing no apparent symptoms of disease.
Nanotechnology gained tremendous impetus in modulating metals in to Nano size, shapes and controlled dispersity
owing to their potential used for human benefits.
Methodology: Endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy leaves, roots, stems from Euphorbia tirucalli
medicinal plants of Chitradurga district, Karnataka. Endophytic fungi were subjected to molecular identification of
endophytic fungi using 18s rRNA method. Isolated endophytic fungi were done by DNA isolation by CTAB
method. PCR product was utilized to amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4, after that the sequence were submitted
to NCBI Gene Bank database which provides accession number of the isolate, were subjected to extracellular
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles producing of endophytic fungi in submerged fermentation, these AgNPs were
characterized by using Bio-spectrophotometer.
Results: The endophytic fungi of Coniothyriumchaingmaiense, KUMBMDBT-26, accession number- MW029905,
isolated from healthy leaves, roots stems of Euphorbia tirucallimedicinal plants of Chitradurga district, Karnataka.
Were subjected to Molecular identification of endophytic fungi of Coniothyriumchaingmaiense, KUMBMDBT-26,
using 18s rRNA method. The sequence were submitted to Gene Bank database provides accession number of the
isolate. Coniothyriumchaingmaiense was found to be a good producer of AgNPs, the absorbance of sample
supernatant were measured in Bio – spectrophotometer between 400 to 600 nm, Coniothyriumchaingmaiense
endophytic fungi showed in 404 nm.
Conclusion: The use of endophytic fungi being rich source of secondary metabolites, these endophytic fungi also
has the ability to produce good quantity of AgNPs which have biological application.
Key Words: Euphorbia tirucalli, Endophytic fungi, Isolation,Coniothyriumchaingmaiense, AgNPs. Biospectrophotometer.
Abstract ID:
EM-ME 18
“Bio-organic Pesticide Reduce the wilt Disease in turnip”
AnamikaRana, Research Scholar, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Science, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India (248001).
ManjushaTyagi, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Science, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India (248001)
E mail: anamikarana160@gmail.com
Introduction: Bio-organic Pesticide also called as biopesticide, that control and manage disease in plants.
Biopesticides which have low side-effect on beneficial organism an be used together with other pest to control
methods in both organic and conventional agriculture. Wilt disease in turnipis an emerging disease caused by the
fungus like Fusarium sp., etc. Wilting is the major soil-borne fungus affected chickpea globally. Yellow and dry
leaves is the symptom.
Methodology: Isolation of bacteria, morphological and biochemical characterization, 16S RNA, Pot trail in
diseased chick pea plant..
Results: More than 21 bacterial isolate was isolated and pseudomonads fluorescence was selected through
morphologically and biochemically and 16S RNA based method. Disease incidence and disease severity decrease in
A1 (Control) (0 day, 30 days, 45 days)(21.06, 27.04, 29.94), A2 (24.06, 22.64, 21.06), A3 (23.95, 23, 21.65), and
A4 (24.27, 22, 19.46) and fruit size may vary.A4 show maximum disease reduction as compare to A3,A2, A1 and
also increase soil micro and micronutrients like sodium, carbon, etc.
Conclusion: Pseudomonads fluorescence with organic mixer reduce the disease and also increase the soil micro
and macro nutrients. In future we compare this mixture in different parameters.
Key Words: bio-pesticide, wilt disease, Fusarium sp.
Abstract ID
EM-ME-19
Comparative Performance of Three Fruit Wastes in Biogas Production”
1
Hussaini, I.M.,*2Gide, S., 3Anas, G. and 1,4Musa, B.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
1Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria., 2Desert Research Monitoring and Control Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria, 3Nigerian
Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, Kebbi State, Nigeria., 4Department of Conversion Technologies of Biobased Resources, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 9, 70599
Stuttgart, Germany
E mail: gidesuleimans@gmail.com
Background: One of the major problems in the world today is depletion of reserved fossil fuel which results in
increased energy price. The study was designed to evaluate the performance of three alkali-treated fruit wastes in the
production of biogas.
Methodology: The fruit wastes were washed, pretreated with 0.5% NaOH solution, washed to neutrality and then
allowed to dry. The fruit wastes (200 g each) were separately blended and transferred into a 2L digesters containing
400mL to prepare a slurry. Freshly collected rumen was added into the digester and the biogas produced was
collected and recorded daily. The quality of the biogas was determined by flammability testing and the methanogens
involved in the production of biogas were isolated by inoculating the digestate onto enriched Bold Basal Medium.
Results: The highest biogas produced (total volume of 1,254cm3 and a mean of 94.5cm3) was observed using
Treated watermelon wastes followed by treated banana wastes (total volume of 805cm3 and mean of 57.5cm 3) and
then treated orange wastes (total volume of 291cm3 and mean of 22.39cm3). The biogas with the highest
flammability was produced using Treated watermelon wastes and Treated banana wastes. Four genera of
methanogens were identified namely Methanobacterium species, Methanospirillum species, Methanosarcina species
and Methanococcus species.
Conclusion: Treated water melon waste had a better quantity of biogas production and better flammability, hence
performed better.
Key Words: Biogas, fruit wastes, methanogens, flammability.
Abstract ID
EM-ME 20
Systemic Review: Impact of Mangroves Plants in Bangladesh in the
Identification of New Anti-microbial Agents”
Farjana Islam Aovi*, ShopnilAkash
Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Email: farjana.pharm@diu.edu.bd
Background: Traditional medicine which is also called alternative medicine is prepared based on knowledge,
belief and experiences indigenous to different cultures passing through from generation to generation in all over the
world. Most of the traditional medicine comes from plant. In Bangladesh, a largest potential traditional medicine
source can be the Sundarbans-the largest mangrove forests of the world which contain thousands of plants with
antimicrobial, antifungal activity. The aim of the study was to identify how much impact the mangrove forest can
incorporate to the knowledge of tradition medicines to evaluate anti-microbial properties.
Methodology: we have used a list of mangrove plants to evaluate the anti-microbial properties and searched
through the internet (google scholar) as a way of systemic review. We identified the reported anti-bacterial effects of
these plants with local names, used parts and the detection techniques. We also found the reported specific bacteria
against which these plants possess effective anti-bacterial features.
Results: We have selected 25 Mangrove plant from different family like Fabaceae,Malvaceae Apocynaceae,
Loranthaceae for review. We used google scholar to search the reports about this plants.We found 72% of selected
mangrove plants contain antibacterial activity. After analysis, it has been observed that most of plant’s leave have
antibacterial activity (48%) and root contains 24% of antibacterial activity. Amongthese plants, mostly stable family
is Fabaceae (28%) and most the plantsare active against Staphylococcus aureus (55.55%) then E. coli
(33%).Thereported method includes MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) 52% and Disc diffusion method 48%.
Conclusion: This review article will be of great benefit to those who are working to discover new anti-bacterial
medicines from nature. They can collect the reported mangrove plantsfor identification of the active compounds
which will facilitate further research.
Key Words: Anti-microbial activity, Mangrove plants, MIC, Disc diffusion method.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID:
EM-ME-22
Evaluation of the Larvicidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Isolated From Soil
Samples against Culex quinquifasciatus”
*1Bello, A., 1Hussaini, I.M., 2Gide, S.
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2Desert Research Centre, Yobe State University,
Damaturu
Email: adxbello@gmail.com
Background: The use of chemical insecticides is associated with a wide range of problems ranging from
environmental hazard to human health problems such as cancer. These problems have necessitated the search for an
eco-friendly biological alternative for the control of vectors such as mosquito in environment such as the use of
Bacillus thuringiensis known to habour insecticidal crystals.
Methodology: B. thuringiensis were isolated from organic rich soil samples collected from different sites in Zaria,
Nigeria. The isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically. The isolates were confirmed using
MicrogenTM Bacillus-ID kit. Spore-crystal mixtures of the isolates were obtain from 60 hours old culture of the
isolates in 10 mL T3 sporulation medium by centrifugation at 7000g for 10 minutes. Larvicidal activity of the
isolates against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was carried out using 3 different concentrations of spore crystal
mixture (100, 75 and 50 ppm) alongside one control. In each case, 10 larvae were exposed in triplicates. The
concentrations of the spore crystal mixture which kill 50% of the exposed populations in standard bioassays (LC50)
were determined by probit analyses.
Results: Ten (10) B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from the organic soil samples collected. The isolates had
larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus larvae with mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larvae ranging from
70.00% to 96.67%, 36.67% to 77.33% and 10.00% to 50.00% when exposed to 100 ppm, 75 ppm and 50 ppm
concentrations of the isolates’ spore crystal mixture respectively for 24 hours. The LC 50 was between 135.95 ppm
and 37.48 ppm.
Conclusion:The results of this research indicates that B. thuringiensis from organic rich soils in Zaria are promising
biocontrol agent for the control of C. quinquefasciatus by targeting their larval stage hence controlling the diseases
they spread.
Key Words: C. quinquefasciatus, B. thuringiensis, larvicidal, soil.
Abstract ID:
EM-ME 23
Acinetobacter courvalinii: An emerging pathogenic threat to public health
concern
Debasish Kumar Dey and Sun Chul Kang
Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
E mail: deepdey1993@daegu.ac.kr
Background: A variety of microorganisms are present in the environment, such as in soil, water, food etc.
All microorganisms are not harmful, but few are highly pathogenic to humans. Therefore, characterisation
and regular virulence update of microbes are very much necessary to track the future infectious diseases.
Methodology: To this aim, we isolated different bacterial species from soil. S urvivability of these
microorganisms were further evaluated against several environmental stress and characterized its
pathogenicity towards the wild type Caenorhabditis elegans.
Results: Out of 23 isolated bacteria, 6 were identified as Acinetobacter courvalinii using 16S rRNA
sequencing. We analyzed that, A. courvalinii JP_A1001 is a close relative of A. baumannii (CN20-3; 99.46%
genomic similarity), which is a highly infectious bacteria and indicated as a pathogenic bacterium by WHO.
Moreover, the soil isolated bacteria have shown tolerance against the acidic environment (pH 3), resistance to
0.2% phenol and survived in 0.3% bile salt containing media. Nevertheless, the bacteria were also resistant
against several antibiotics, showing the property of a multidrug-resistant bacterium. Further, we evaluated the
impact of JP_A1001 on C. elegans after 48 h of co-culture. In the study, we used C. elegans as it has most of
the human gene homologs. As observed, JP_A1001 significantly decreased the host’s life expe ctancy when
cultured together.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Conclusion: Bacterium showing tolerance against the environmental stress is one such property which
determines its ability to survive in a human's body. In addition, bacteria showing virulence against C.
elegans, could be a possible threat for human’s health. Taken together, we concluded that the soil isolated
bacterium JP_A1001, could be a future threat as a pathogen to the public health concern. Therefore, further
detailed investigation is required to confirm its virulence effect on higher animal model system.
Key Words: Acinetobacter courvalinii; Soil; Pathogen; C. elegans
Abstract ID:
EM-ME-24
Optimization of aerobic biodegradation of o-cresol by Pseudomonas monteilii
SHY using response surface methodology
Shainy N.K.
Safi institute of Advanced Study, Vazhayoor East, Malappuram, Kerala,India.
E mail: shain.sias@gmail.com
Background: Cresols are organic aromatic methylated phenolic compounds which is widely used in the
manufacture of pesticides, epoxy resins, dyes and pharmaceuticals, but also as a component of disinfectants and
cleaning agents. Because of the wide use of cresols these are present in effluents from industries such as pesticides,
oil refining, coal gasification, dye manufacturing, petroleum refineries, and petrochemicals pharmaceutical and resin
manufacturing plants. It is now proved that the biological degradation methods are much preferred over the
chemical degradation methods due to many reasons.
Methodology:In the present research, an attempt was done to evaluate and validate the optimum cultural parameters
for maximizing the removal efficiency of o-cresol. The bacterium which was isolated from petroleum contaminated
soil capable of removing o-cresol from the minimal medium and identified as Pseudomonas monteilii SHY was used
for the construction of response surface model.
Results: The bacterium which was isolated from petroleum contaminated soil capable of removing o-cresol from the
minimal medium and identified as Pseudomonas monteilii SHY was used for the construction of response surface
model. The optimized cultural conditions of the isolate were incubation temperature of 30±2°C, media pH of 6.8±2,
and glucose concentration of 1.5±2 in minimal mineral medium. The degrading efficiency of the bacteria increased
after optimization was increased from 85.13 to 94.35%.. GC-MS analysis of the sample confirmed the degradation
efficiency of the organism with no production of secondary metabolites.
Conclusion: After optimization of the various physiochemical parameters the isolate P monteilii SHY could reduce
the the concentration of o-cresol in the medium from 500 to 28.25mg/L. The efficiency of the organism to remove
o-cresol was increased to 95.4%(after optimization) from 85.13%(without optimization) with a decrease in the time
required for the removal of o-cresol from 18 to 12 days. We can conclude that the organism is highly efficient in
mineralizing o-cresol and remove the toxic effect of the chemical from the medium
Key Words: Biodegradation, Response surface methodology, optimization.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-26
Evaluation of Dye decolourization Potential of Laccase Producing Trichoderma
harzianum DBS-1 and Trichoderma viridae DBS-2
Ahmad M1, *Hussaini I.M1, Gide S2, Anas G4
1Department of Microbiology, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, 2Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,3Desert Research Monitoring
and Control Centre, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria., 4Nigerian Institute for Trypanasomiasis Research, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
E mail: makargee56@gmail.com
Background: The presence of dye-containing effluents in water bodies and soil confers serious negative health
effect to human, plants and animals which may take different forms such as conferring carcinogenic and mutagenic
effects; central nervous system malfunction; skin irritation and allergies etc. These negative effects led to the need to
search for a safe, cheap and eco-friendly way of getting rid of dyes in the soil and water bodies. This study was
carried out evaluate dye decolourization potential of laccase producing Trichoderma harzianum DBS-1 and
Trichoderma viridae DBS-2
Methodology: Laccase producing fungal isolates;T. harzianumDBS-1 and T. viridae DBS-2 were collected from the
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
laboratory, department of Microbiology, ABU, Zaria and stored on PDA slant. The isolates were screened for their
ability to decolourize three dyes namely Blue H3R, Yellow FG and Red 3B at 50ppm and 100ppm concentrations.
The fungal isolates were inoculated into Malt Extract Broth containing 50ppm and 100ppm of the dyes separately.
The percentage decolourization of each dye was determined by measuring the absorbance of the dye at 450nm after
3 days, 6 days and 9 days of incubation.
Results:The most decolourized dye was Red 3B with 71.32% (for 50ppm) and 50.33% (for 100ppm) mean
percentage decolourization by Trichoderma viridae DSB-2 after 9 days of incubation. The least decolourized dye by
Trichoderma harzianum DSB-1 was Yellow FG with 30.34% and 20.87% at 50 pmm and 100 pmm respectively
after 9 days.
Conclusion:The fungal isolates were able to decolourize the dyes at different rates. Blue H3R and Red 3B had a
higher percentage of decolourization compared to Yellow FG. The laccase producing isolates had the potential for
dye decolourization.
Keywords: Dye, Laccase,Trichoderma, decolourization.
Abstract ID
EM-ME-27
Taxonomic correlation in microbial communities between lake sediment sample
and rhizospheric soil sample using high throughput sequencing platform
Pooja Yadav, Srinivasan Krishnamurthi
Microbial Type Culture Collection & Gene Bank (MTCC), CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sec-39A, Chandigarh-160036 India
E mail: poojaimt92@gmail.com
Background: Northwest region of Ladakh, India are known for the extreme environments and its natural habitats.
Especially Leh Ladakh lies in western part of Indian himalaya. This region harbors many lakes (e.g. Pangong Lake),
unique plants (e.g. Sea buckthorn plant) which have ecological importance in our daily life directly or indirectly.
Method: The present study illustrates the microbial diversity of two different niche that is Pangong lake sediment
and Seabuck thorn rhizospheric soil with aid of culture independent approaches. This study was completed with
illumina Miseq and Oxford nanopore technologies (ONT) platform. Samples were collected from the same
geographical area and facing similar weather conditions throughout the year.
Resuts:The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, bacteriodetes and Actinobacteria despite other
phyla were also present as Nitrospirae, Acidobacteria, Cytophaga. Some of the unique phyla which is only present
in the rhizospheric soil samples.
Conclusion:Here metagenome data revealed about the predominance of bacterial population in both habitat. Some
taxa play major role in the biogeochemical cycles and other form in the ecosystem as nitrogen fixation, growth
promotion etc. Bacterial population interact with the plant associated community and perform its function. This
study gives a taxonomic framework for the correlation of microbial community.
Key words: Metagenomics, taxonomy, Amplicon, Silva-ngs, QIIME
Abstract Id
EM-ME-28
Delftiasp NL1, as a potentdiesel‐degrading bacterium under alkaline conditions
Nesrine LENCHI1,2, Pierre SERVAIS3& Marc LLIROS4,5
Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Algiers 1 BenYoucefBenkhedda, Algiers, Algeria; 2Bioinformatics,
Applied Microbiology and Biomolecules Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'HamedBougara of Boumerdès. Algeria.3Ecology of
Aquatic Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 4Dept Genetics and Microbiology, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, Bellatera, Catalunya, Spain; 5Institut
d’InvestigacióBiomèdica de Girona – Dr JosepTrueta, Salt, Catalunya, Spain.
E mail: nesrine.lenchi@hotmail.fr
Background: During exploration, production, transport and storage of hydrocarbons, accidental spill could be
occur.This causes significant negative impacts and hazards for ecosystems and human health. Bioremediation has a
great potential as an alternative method for the clean-up of contaminated environments. Waters collected from
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
petroleum reservoirs, constitute a promising biotope for the isolation of bacterial strains with high degradation
potential under extreme conditions.
Objectives: To isolate and characterize an efficient diesel‐degrading bacterium under alkaline conditions, from an
Algerian oilfield.
Methods: injection water collected from petroleum reservoir, was used for the screening of bacteria able to degrade
diesel. Bacterial strain NL1 was isolated after enrichment on diesel as sole source of Carbone and energy and at
pH11. This strain was Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped, oxidase+ and catalase-. Phenotypic characters and phylogenetic
analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate NL1 showed that it was related to members of the Delftia genus.
The degradation of diesel was confirmed by GC–MS analysis. These analyses evidenced that strain Delftiasp NL1
was able to degrade more than 66% of diesel oil within only 7 days and at pH 11.
Results: The present study reveals that the promising NL1 strain was able to degrade effectively diesel under
alkaline conditions and in few days only. The indigenous strain Delftia sp. NL1 can be further exploited in in situ
bioremediation of diesel contaminated alkaline sites, in wastewater treatment in refineries and oil terminals and in
MEOR process in petroleum industry.
Key words:Delftiasp NL1, diesel, alkaline conditions, GC–MS.
Abstract Id:
EM-ME-32
Biological Treatment Of Mono ethanol amine By Using Bacterial Consortium
Muhammad Tehseena, Muhammad Rizwana, Naveed Ahmeda, Abdul Mubeenb
aU.S. Pakistan Center for Advance Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, bDepartment of Environmental
Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology.
E mail: drmrizwan.uspcasw@faculty.muet.edu.pk
Background: Monoethanolamine (MEA) is mostly is used for the capturing of carbon dioxide emitted during the
burning of fossil fuels. Amine wastewater can result in solvent loss, equipment corrosion, generation of volatile
degradation of compound and reboiler condensate, etc.Emission of monoethanolamine (MEA)wastewater without
treatment can be potentially harmful to human health and the environment. In the current research bacterial
consortium from activated sludge was used for the treatment of amine wastewater. The aim of this research was to
biodegrade the MEA wastewater.
Method: In this study, 10g/l synthetic MEA wastewater prepared containing 13100 of COD, was biodegraded
in aerobicfed-batch reactor using bacterial consortium for bacterial source 100ml sludge havi ng 93% volatile
solid was added into 400 ml of wastewatercontaining MgSO 4 (50mg/l), KCL (50mg/l), NaHPO 4 (200mg/l),
CaCl2.H2O (100mg/l), KH 2PO4 (200mg/l) and FeCL 3.6H 2O
Result: In the aerobic batch reactor, the maximum removal efficiency of COD, NH 3 and NO 3 was 94.5%,
NH3 56% and 39% respectively after 9 days at pH 7.5.
Discussion: Monoethanolamine was biodegraded by bacterial consortiuminto CO 2 and NH 3 while the
nitrifying bacteria oxidized this NH 3 into NO 3 which was consumed by bacteria as a nitrogen source.
Conclusion: In this research CODwas efficiently biodegraded by bacterial consortium but the NH 3 and NO 3
removal was low.
Keywords: monoethanolamine, bacterial consortium, wastewater, COD, NH 3, NO3
Characterisation of microbial bioaerosols around an industrial area of Dibrugarh district of Assam
during pre and post-monsoon season
Abstract Id
EM-ME-34
Indukalpa Das1,2, Dipika Charingia2, Ankita Khataniar2, Binita Pathak3, Debajit Borah1,2*
1Department of Biotechnology, The Assam Royal Global University, Guwahati, Assam, 2Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics,
Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, 3Department of Physics, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam
E mail: dborah89@gmail.com
Background: Assam, located in the North-eastern part of India is known to have a wide diversity in terms of micro
flora and fauna. However, the microbial characterization of bioaerosols in the region is rarely reported. Therefore, a
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
research work was conducted to characterize the microbial bioaerosol samples in the nearby areas of an industrial
estate in Dibrugarh district of Assam to check their possible future impact on human health.
Method: The research was conducted by collecting 10 aerosol samples from nearby areas of industrial estate, 5
samples each during post and pre-monsoon season by using greased slides in GRIMM bioaerosol
spectrophotometer. The methodology includes collection of bioaerosol samples during pre and post-monsoon
season; characterization of culturable bioaerosols; biochemical identification of the isolate; antibiotic susceptibility
assay; haemolysis assay etc.
Result: A total of 54 types of bacterial and a single type of fungal colonies in post-monsoon season and 22 types of
bacterial isolates in pre-monsoon season were obtained from the collected bioaerosol samples. The bacterial and
fungal concentrations were found higher in post-monsoon (average-1518.056 CFU/m3) as compared to the premonsoon season (average-851.388 CFU/m3) where Gram positive bacteria (64.47% approx.) were found more in
number as compared to Gram negative bacteria (35.52% approx.) in both the season. PM Mass and PM Count
Values were found to be higher in Pre-Monsoon (average mean concentration-58.43538 μg/m3) than the PostMonsoon Samples (average mean concentration-43.07538462 μg/m3). Some isolates were found to be Antibiotic
Resistant (15.79% approx.) and β-haemolytic (36.84% approx.) which could be disease causing and harmful to
human health.
Conclusion: It could be concluded that the air quality of Dibrugarh town may have been deteriorated which may be
a great concern for the region in the long run.
Keywords: Bioaerosol, PM Mass value, PM Count value.
Abstract Id
EM-ME-33
Treatment of real textile wastewater using native microalgae and bacteria in single
and two stage process
Nayab Raza1,Muhammad Rizwan2, Ghulam Mujtaba3
1,2U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W), Mehran University of Engineering and Technology (MUET) Jamshoro,
3Dawood University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Nayab Raza
E mail: drmrizwan.uspcasw@faculty.muet.edu.pk
Background: The disposal of textile wastewater containing high concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and
COD can causeeutrophication. The objective of current study was to remove nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO₄³⁻) and
COD from real textile wastewater usingnative microalgae and bacteria in single and two stage process.
Method: Research was conducted in batch reactor. Microalgae was collected from local canal and grown in
BG11 medium.The growth of microalgae was monitored by checking optical density OD (690 nm) using UVVisible spectrophotometer and dry cell weight (DCW). Meanwhile,bacteria was isolated from textile wastewater
sample through pour plate method and was further inoculated in nutrient broth and bacterial growth was monitored
by checking optical density (600 nm). The salicylic acid method, ascorbic acid method and open reflux method
(5220) were used for the analysis of nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO₄³⁻) and COD respectively.
Results: In the single stage experiment 0.5g/L of native microalgaewas able to remove 53.33% nitrate, 50%
phosphate, and 72.85% COD.In order to improve the treatment of textile wastewater two stage process was used. In
first stage 0.1g/L of bacterial inoculum was used for treatment of real textile wastewater. The bacterial was able to
remove 2.38% nitrate 7.5% phosphate and 53.33% COD. In the second stage 0.5 g/L microalgae was added to the
bacterial treated wastewater.The maximum removal efficiency was 85.71%, 55.35%, 100%for nitrate, phosphate
and COD respectively.The two stage process was highly effective in textile wastewater treatment.
Discussion: Microalgae was not very effective in wastewater treatment during single stage. Two stage process was
used in order to improve the wastewater treatment. In first stage textile wastewater was treated with bacteria while in
the second stage microalgae was added in the wastewater. The two stage process showed better efficiency in treating
real textile wastewater.
Conclusion: In this study native microalgae and bacteria were used for the treatment of real textile wastewater.
Single stage and two stage process were used for the wastewater treatment. Single stage was not very effective in
textile wastewater treatment. Two stage process showed better removal efficiency of nitrate, phosphate and COD.
Keywords: microalgae, bacteria, two stage, textile wastewater, nitrate, phosphate, COD
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of human pathogens isolated from capture dblack tiger
shrimps in Bangladesh
Abstract Id
Md. Nazmul Islam1,2, TahrimaArman Tusty1, Tasnnema Ishika2, Md. Salimullah1,
EM-ME-37
and Md. Mahmud Hasan1*
1National Institute of Biotechnology (NIB), Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka-1349, 2Dept. of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and
Technology, Jashore-7408
E mail: mahmud25us@yahoo.com
Background: Capturedblack tiger shrimp stocks are often potential transmitters of human pathogens and sometimes
their exports faces frequent rejection due to bacterial contamination. Unprocessed and rejected shrimpstocks take
place in the local market and partially cooked shrimps may causefoodborne threat to local consumers. Vibrio,
Salmonella, Shigella, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas, Klebsiella,and
Aeromonas species are responsible for diarrhea, abdominal cramps, vomiting,and are membersof the shrimp culture
ecosystem.So, a study was carried out to determinethe prevalence andantibiotic resistance pattern of
pathogenicbacteria of capturedblack tiger shrimps.
Methods: A total of 25 black tiger shrimp samples were collected fromdifferent market, processed and bacterial
growth was observed after enrichment in APW and selenite cystine broth. TCBS, SS, MacConkey, EMB, Mannitol
salt, and XLD selective agar media were used for initial identification.Besides, the pathogens were also confirmed
by different biochemical tests (string test, oxidase, Catalase, MRVP, TSI, MIU, Indole, Simmons citrate, salt
tolerance).Among isolated bacterial strains,S. aureuswas tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin, ampicillin,
cefepime, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and
cefixime.Results:On the basis of morphological, culture and biochemical characterization,we found a total of 74
pathogenic bacterial strains,of them,20.27% Staphylococcus aureus, 6.76% E.coli, 6.767% V. parahaemolyticus,
8.11% V. alginolyticus, 5.41% V. harveyi, 2.70% V. fluvialis, 2.70% V. cholerae, 17.57% Aeromonas sp.,
13.51%Salmonella sp., 6.76%Shigella sp., 8.11% Pseudomonas,and 4.05% Citrobacter sp. In antibiotic
susceptibility test, 2 strains of S.aureus were found to be resistant to azithromycin, ampicillin, erythromycin,
tetracyclin and cefixime.
Conclusion: Presence of antibiotic resistanthuman pathogensin marketized shrimp samplesshould be a threat to
local consumers and sellers. Hence, special attention should be taken to process them after capturing and as well as
create adequate awareness among the local consumers.
Keywords: Human pathogens, Black tiger shrimp; Antibiotic resistance
Cyanotoxins bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria
Bahareh Nowruzi1*, Samaneh J Porzani1
Abstract Id:
EM-ME-40
1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
* E mail: bahareh.nowruzi@srbiau.ac.ir
Introduction: Cyanobacteria species have been shown to produce a diverse array of
secondary bioactive metabolites with potent cytotoxicity including anti-cancer, antitumour, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activities, in addition to biotoxic properties. Cyanotoxins are important
bioactive metabolites that can be divided on the basis of two main criteria: their action mechanism in land
vertebrates, especially mammals, in three principal classes: hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, dermatotoxins; and their
chemical structure, within which they may be classified as cyclic peptides, alkaloids, or lipopolysaccharides
(LPS). The order Nostocales, which is largely overlooked in this regard, has become increasingly recognised
as a source of toxin producers such as Anabaena, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon, Fischerella, Anabaenopsis,
Aphanizomenon, Gloeotrichia, Cylindrospermopsis, Scytonema, Raphidiopsis, Cuspidothrix, Nodularia,
Stigonema, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum, and Desmonostoc species.They are capable of forming blooms and
producing potent toxins including microcystins, nodularin, anatoxins, ambiguines, fischerindoles,
welwitindolinones, and so forth, which can present serious human and animal health problems. In the scientific
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
literature there is an appreciable number of studies on the potential use of cyanobacterial compounds as
medication, along with cyanotoxin poisoning cases in humans by ingesting contaminated water and food
supplies. These metabolites can be hazardous for humans and animals, and for aquatic organisms, because they
can reappear periodically in hydric environments, and people may be chronically exposed to cyanotoxins at
relatively low doses. Depending on the concentration in the aquatic environment, they can cause severe
poisoning, produce chronic diseases such as cancer, and even lead to death. Hence, cyanotoxins (especially
from order of nostocale) are an important group of chemical compounds, from the perspective of
ecotoxicology, toxicology, and environmental chemistry.
Keywords: Toxic compounds; Cyanobacteria; Nostocales; harmful algae; toxins
Abstracr ID
EM-ME-41
Isolation, Identification and characterization of bacteria capable for xenobiotic
reduction isolated from soil sample of Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand, India.
AMITA SINGH
Research Scholar, Singhania University, Rajasthan, India.
E mail: amitasingh419@gmail.com
Introduction: To study potential bacteria (non-home) isolated from mining area Coal field capable for xenobiotics
reduction (Azodye reduction) highlighting non home bacteria grown in different environment (non-textile/dye
contaminated soil/water sample) able to reduce azodyes.
Methodology: The potential bacteria were isolated by serial dilution of mining soil followed by spread plate method
on Nutrient agar media. The isolated colonies were first identified by the appearance of bacterial colony (colony
morphology) on the nutrient plate. The isolated colonies were then screened for azodye reduction by Ramsay
minimal salt media replacing Nitrogen source with 0.01mg/ml of azodye concentration. The observation for azodye
reduction is found qualitatively by decolorization of the azodye. Quantitatively the degree of azodye reduction
(percentage) is determined by the reduction of absorbance for the dye at their respective λmax with respect to
control dye solution.The bacteria showing positive for azodye reduction were identified by staining and biochemical
tests. One of the most potential bacteria was confirmed by 16s rRNA sequencing. Protein estimation for production
of enzyme (Azo-reductase/laccase) was determined by Lowry method with Bovine serum albumin as standard
curve.
Results: Amongst 8 isolates that has been isolated by spread plate and differentiated by their colony growth on
nutrient media. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (conformed by staining,
Biochemical test and 16s rRNA sequencing) showed reduction against two or more azodyes at 0.01mg/ml of
azodyes(Amido black, Methy red, Congo red, Methyl yellow, Scarlet red) selected for studies. Amongst the
potential bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed potential of reduction at higher concentration of azodyes
(0.250mg/ml). The leachate sample was taken and analyzed for the azoreductase/laccase enzyme concentration that
was found to be 0.00387mg/ml. PCR based 16s rRNA sequencing with primers (forwardprimer 5´-ATT GAC GGG
GRC CCG CAC and reverse primer 5´-CGA GCT GAC GAC ARC CAT GCA, where R can be A or G) with PCR
condition: 1 cycle of 94°C for 2 min; 30 cycles of (94°C for 15 secs, 60°C for 15 secs, and 68°C for 15 secs). PCR
products were separated by electrophoresis using 1% agarose gels in TAE buffer.
Conclusion: Bioremediation can be a promising prospect in elimination, detoxification and solubilization of toxic
anthropological compound from the environment.
Keywords: Azodyes, Reduction, 16s rRNA sequencing, Biochemical tests.
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
Abstract ID
EM-ME-44
Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on Mental Health of the different class of
people in Chittagong city
Muhammad Kamal Hossain*, Bibi Marium1, Md. Abid Hasan1, Nursad Jahan
Sultana1, Muhammad Tarequl Islam1
*Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Science & Technology Chittagong (USTC) 1 Student, Department of Pharmacy, University of Science & Technology
Chittagong (USTC)
E-mail: kamal.dopustc@gmail.com
Background: The pandemic has affected the normal cycle of the different class of people in Chittagong city.There
has been a terrible impact on human mental health, when the global focus has mostly been on testing, finding a cure
and preventing transmission, people are going through a myriad of psychological problems in adjusting to the
current lifestyles. The purpose behind the execution of this survey is therefore to determine how COVID-19 has
affected the mental health of different classes of people in the Chittagong city, identify which age group of people
are more prone to psychological problems and which aspects are mainly affecting their mental health.
Methods: From 3rd May to 22th August, 2020 an online survey was conducted by using Google forms, the
questionnaire was randomly distributed among the different class of people through different social media platform
and data was collected and analyzed through systematic
Result: A total of 456 people participated in this survey. This survey identified that, youth group, age range from
21-30 (62%) are more prone to psychological problems due to Covid-19. Here alsofind that an alarming number of
students and health workers have an impact on mental health. Observing the all data, it is seen that they have higher
level of stress, anxiety anddepression.
Conclusion: Social distancing, lockdown, quarantine, negligence, fear of new virus attacks, financial crisis, this all
aspects has great impact on mental health of the majority respondents. Perceptions that the Covid-19 pandemic
disrupt the normal life cycle, affected badly mental health, education, jobs and economy. As a result, in addition to
Covid-19, a variety of physical diseases are increased. Predictions of worsening situation and uncertainty of
healthcare system capacities are significantly associated with poor mental health outcomes.
Keywords: Covid-19, Mental Health, Youth group, Health-worker.
SL no
Abstract
Abstract ID
Page no.
1.
Trends of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: a diagnostic perspective
Keynote
01
2.
Migration of Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Zoonotic Salmonella spp. and
Campylobacter spp. from Poultry Meat/ Farm Environment to Human
and Forecasting Their MDR Pattern on Public Health in Bangladesh
Perspective
P001
02
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
3.
A Rapid, User Friendly Method for the Detection and Enumeration of
Pathogenic Vibrios in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States
P002
03
4.
The new frontier of virological research in the wake of COVID-19
P003
04
5.
Ethno-mycological studies, biochemical studies, antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity of some medicinal mushrooms growing in Kashmir
Himalaya
P004
05
6.
Listeria monocytogenes: a neglected foodborne pathogen in Bangladesh
P005
06
7.
Pathological findings of viral diseases in domestic animals
P006
07
8.
Probiotic potential of Paenibacillus alvei stain DZ/3
P007
08
9.
Microbial cell factories for bio-based chemical production: Current
perspectives and future research opportunities
P008
09
10.
Sequencing Based Detection, Characterization and Surveillance of
SARS-CoV-2 virus in Managing the Pandemic
P009
10
11.
Diagnostic Microbiology in Veterinary Science
P10
11
12.
Genetic manipulation of a green microalga, Nannochloropsis sp.: The
answer to vaccine delivery to fish?
P11
12
13.
Role of water systems in the transmission of pathogens and antibiotic
resistance
P12
13
14.
Microcystin decontamination treatments for seafood
P13
14
P14
15
15.
An MHC-II specific super enhancer controls expression and
chromatin architecture within the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 locus
16.
Planetary Health Perspectives and Implications of COVID-19
P15
16
17.
Microbiome: An Emerging Player in Human Health and Disease
P16
17
SL
no
Abstract Category
Page no.
01
Immunology, Virology & Infectious Disease
19-30
02
Genetics and Bioinformatics
31-38
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
03
Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial resistance
38-53
04
Microbial Biotechnology & Vaccine development
53-59
05
Food and Industrial Microbiology
59-67
06
Agricultural & Veterinary Microbiology
67-75
07
Environmental Microbiology & Microbial Ecology
75-90
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues
1st International E-conference on Microbiology: Covid 19 & Current Issues