Question
1
Answer
the smallest, basic unit of life that makes up all living
things
Cells are made of 4 macromolecules: nucleic acids,
lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
2
3
2a
2b
2c
2d
2e
Cells are also made up of a cell membrane, ribosomes,
DNA, cytoplasm and/or other organelles.
The 2 different type of cells are prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or other
membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes have a nucleus
and other membrane-bound organelles.
the organ and tissue
the cell membrane
The mitochondria is considered the “powerhouse” of the
cell. It provides all the energy a cell needs using the
digestive components of food and oxygen.
the nucleus
Robert Hooke
Letter Organelle
A
Nucleus
B
C
3a
D
E
F
3b
5a
Function
stores the DNA and controls
the cell’s activities
Mitochondria breaks down food and
releases energy
Cell Wall
provide structure and protects
the cell from the outside
environment
Chloroplast
captures light and converts it
to chemical energy via
photosynthesis
Vacuole
stores water and provides
support for the cell
Endoplasmic processes and moves proteins
Reticulum
throughout the cell
The plant cell would lack support, structure, and
protection. The cell would lose its shape and become
exposed to harmful substances outside of the cell.
Prokaryotes include archaea and bacteria. Eukaryotes
include plant cells, animal cells and fungi.
5b
5c
6a
7a
1
2
3
4
Organelles are tiny structures within the cytoplasm of a
cell that perform specific jobs.
Prokaryotes are much smaller in size compared to
eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are much bigger.
Prokaryotes’ DNA floats around in the nucleoid;
eukaryotes’ DNA is in the nucleus.
Eukaryotes have many organelles; prokaryotes have
very few organelles.
Prokaryotes are very small in size; eukaryotes are much
larger.
Plant cells have chloroplasts to make food; animal cells
do not have chloroplasts.
Plant cells have a large, central vacuole that stores
water for the plant.
Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell membrane; animal
cells only have a cell membrane.
Plant cells are square shaped; animal cells are round.
Plants need chloroplasts to make their own food via a
process known as photosynthesis. Animals do not make
their own food; therefore, they do not need chloroplasts.
Animals obtain their energy by eating other organisms.
The central vacuole is most affected in both plants. The
vacuole is the biggest organelle in a plant cell and takes
up most of the cell’s space and it stores water for the
plant. When the plant lacks water, the vacuole deflates.
The watered plant has full and inflated vacuoles, so the
plant stands upright
Like eukaryotes, prokaryotes also have ribosomes,
cytoplasm, DNA, and a cell membrane.
Without proper functioning mitochondria, the cell could
eventually die. The mitochondria is responsible for
breaking down food and releasing energy. Energy is
needed for cells to live and carry out important
processes. Without energy, the cell could not survive.