APK2100c – Lecture Exam 1 Study Guide
Chapter 1 – Intro to the Body
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Define anatomy and describe the sub-disciplines.
Identify levels of structural organization of the human body and how smaller levels are used
to “build” larger levels.
Describe anatomical position and use anatomical terminology to describe body directions
and regions (including all regional terminology).
Describe and give alternate names for the sections and planes and apply these to images
and body movement.
Locate major body cavities, their subdivisions, and major organs within each.
Differentiate between mucous and serous membranes and give examples of each.
Describe all parts of a serous membrane.
Chapter 2 – Cells
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Define a cell, its basic activities, and its three major structural components
Describe the composition (various lipids and proteins) and basic functions of the plasma
membrane
Explain the different processes used to move molecules across the plasma membrane
Describe the structure and cellular activity of each organelle found in the cell, including
inclusions
Differentiate cytoskeletal elements based on physical characteristics and location within the
cell
Label and describe all parts of a cell’s nucleus and explain how the nuclear envelope is
related to the endoplasmic reticulum
Chapter 4 – Tissues
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Identify the two basic components of all tissues
List the four main tissue types and their principal functions
List the functional and structural features of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
tissues
Identify images of the different epithelia, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues, and
describe their chief functions and locations in the body
Be able to name epithelia based on shape of cells and number of layers
Distinguish exocrine from endocrine glands and differentiate the secretory from duct
portion of a multicellular exocrine gland
What type of gland is the goblet cell?
Identify three types of cellular junctions and give examples of different tissues where these
can be found
Differentiate between microvilli, cilia, and flagella based on the cytoskeletal elements
within each and give examples of both functions and locations
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Identify the four main classes of connective tissue and their common precursor tissue
Describe the matrix of each connective tissue (types of cells as well as fibers in the ground
substance)
Compare the regenerative capacity of tissues
Chapter 5- Integumentary Sys.
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Name the tissue types that compose the epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, and accessory
organs. Be able to associate these tissues with organ function.
Know the difference between thick and thin skin, including locations of each.
Name and order the layers of the epidermis and dermis.
Know the characteristics, types of cells, specific tissues, and relative proportions of the
epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Relate these structures to functionality.
Describe how the types of melanin contribute to diverse skin and hair colors and how
melanin functions in cellular protection.
Describe the structure of nails, hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Compare the structures and functions of eccrine sweat glands, apocrine sweat glands, and
sebaceous glands.
Explain how a knowledge of the structures of the integumentary system can be applied
clinically (e.g., skin cancer) or to aspects of culture (e.g., tanning, tattooing).