ORGANELLE
1. Plasma (cell)
Membrane
PICTURE
FUNCTION
(paste one from the internet)
Be detailed and specific...
What does it do for the cell?
The cell membrane (sometimes called the
plasma membrane or phospholipid bilayer)
surrounds the cell.
The cell membrane controls which
substances can enter or exit the cell.
It is made up of phospholipids and
proteins.
All cells have a membrane!
2. Cell Wall
The cell wall is the rigid outermost layer of
plants, fungi, and bacteria cells.
Animal cells DO NOT have a cell wall,
bacteria and plants do!.
It is made of the carbohydrate CELLULOSE
3. Nucleus
The NUCLEUS is an organelle in all
eukaryotic cells. The nucleus is like the
control center of the cell because it contains
the instructions for making proteins
(DNA/genetic material!).
Prokaryotes (bacteria) do NOT have a
true nucleus! ONLY EUKARYOTES
(plants and animals) DO!
4. Nucleolus
The NUCLEOLUS is the darker sphere
inside the nucleus where ribosomes are
made.
In plants and animals only
5.
Chromosomes/DNA
DNA winds up to form chromosomes
Carries genetic information
In all cells
6. Nuclear
Membrane
Made of phospholipids, has pores (holes) to
allow messages in/out. Protects the DNA.
7. Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells
where photosynthesis happens.
Chloroplasts are in the leaf cells of plants.
In plants and animals only
In PLANT CELLS ONLY
8. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid that fills the
space of all cells.
Cytoskeleton (not
labeled on diagram)
Fibers made of protein that give the cell
shape and structure (in all cells)
IMPORTANT VOCABULARY & OTHER ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
Prokaryote - a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other
specialized organelles. Ex. Bacteria
Eukaryote - an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of
chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the
eubacteria and archaebacteria. Ex. Plant cell and Animal cells
Autotroph’- Auto means self, troph means feeder, so this type of organism (ex. plants) makes their own energy
(food) from light energy or other chemicals in their environment
Heterotroph - Hetero means other, troph means feeder, so this type of organism (ex. animals) aquires their
energy (food) from other sources like eating other plants and animals
For this quiz, you must know all three parts of the cell theory which are:
1. All living things are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of life
3. New cells arise from pre-existing cells
You must also know these four scientists, and their contributions to what we know about cells:
1. Robert Hooke - The first cells from an organism (cork) were observed by Hooke in the 1600s, first one to use the word
“cells”
2. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - In 1678, he reported that he had observed "little animals" -- protozoa/pond organisms —
through a microscope. He called them animalcules.
3. Matthias Schleiden - in 1838 a German botanist, concluded that all plant tissues are composed of cells and that an
embryonic plant arose from a single cell. He declared that the cell is the basic building block of all plant matter.
4. Theodor Schwann – a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be
the extension of cell theory to animal tissue