MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
September 24, 2021
Meaning and Importance of Tourism
Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berne University, Switzerland defined
tourism as “sum total of the phenomena and relationships arising from the
travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead tp permanent
residence and are not connected to any earning activity.”
The definition of the Tourism Society in Britain was: “Tourism is the
temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places
where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at
these destinations.”
The destination was reformulated by the tourism Society in Cardiff: “Tourism
may be defined in terms of particularly activities selected by choice and
undertaken outside the home environment.”
Tourism refers to the activity of visitors (UNWTO IRTS 2008, 2.9).
Meaning of Tourist
In 1963, a United Nations Conference on International
Travel and Tourism recommended a definition of a “visitor”
as “any person visiting a country other than that of
recommended a definition of a “visitor” as “any person
visiting a country other than that of earning money.
2 Classifications of Visitors
1. Tourists: Temporary visitors staying at least 24 hours, whose purpose could be
classified as:
A. Leisure such as recreation, holiday, health, study, religion or sport or
B. Business
C. Family
D. Mission
E. Meeting
2. Excursionists: Temporary visitors staying less than 24 hours in the destination
visited and not making an overnight, including cruise travelers in transit.
Element of Travel
Distance: It is the difference between local travel or traveling within a person community and non-local
or traveling away from home.
Length of stay at the destination: Tourist are temporary visitors staying at least one over night.
Excursionist are temporary visitors who do not stay at least overnight in the country that they visit.
Residence of the Traveler: For business and research purposes, it is important to know where people
live.
Purpose of travel a. Visiting friends and relatives
b. Conventions, seminars, and meetings
c. Business
d. Outdoor recreation hunting, fishing, boating camping
e. Entertainment - sightseeing, theater, sport
f. Personal - family, medicinal, funeral, wedding.
The Nature a Tour
Domestic Tourism
It is a travel taken exclusively within the
national boundaries of the traveler’s
country.
International Tourism
It involves the movement of people across
international boundaries. It is more difficulty
to travel outside one’s own country because
of the language barriers, and the currency
and documentation requirements such as
passport and visas.
Package Tour
A package tour (also called as inclusive tour)
is an arrangement in which transport and
accommodation is bought by the tourist as
an all-inclusive price and the price of the
individual elements cannot be determined by
the purchase himself.
Independent Tour
An independent tour is one in which the
tourist buys these facilities separately,
either making reservations in advance
through a travel agent or en route during his
tour.
The Tourist Product
It is a combination of what the tourist does at the destination
and the services he uses during this stay.
Characteristics of a Tourist Product:
1. It is a service
2. It is largely psychological in its attraction
3. It needs to vary in standard and quality over time
4. The supply of the product is fixed
The Tourist Destination
It is a geographical unit which the tourist visits and
where he stays. It may be a village, a town, a city, a
district, a region, an island, a country o a continent. The
success of a tourist destination depends upon the
interrelations of the three basic factors.
1. Attraction
A. Site and Event attraction.
A site attraction (e.g. a country, a city,
a resort) is one which the destination itself has
appeal while an event attraction (e.g. Festivals,
sport, exhibition) is one which tourist are drawn
to the destination solely because of what is taking
place there.
B. Natural and Man- made tourist
Natural attractions include mountains,
beaches, climatic features such as sunshine and
pure air. Man-made attractions include buildings
of historical or architectural interest such as Fort
Santiago, holiday camps or theme parks such as
Disneyland.
2. Amenities
Includes accommodation, food, local
transport and communications and
entertainment at the site.
3. Accessibility
It means having regular and convenience of
transport in terms of time/distance to the
destination from the originating country at a
reasonable price.
Tourist Services
Passenger Passport
Supplies
principal
tourist
services. This provides the means
to reach the destination as well as
the movement at the destination.
Districtions in transport are
between public and private,
domestic and international and
among the various modes - land,
sea, and air.
Accommodation, Food and Beverage and
Entertainment
Hotels are vital concern to a large
proportion of tourists. However,
many stay with friends and
relatives while others provide their
own caravans and tents.
Travel Agents and Tour Operator
The travel agent is the distributor
of the product while the tour
operator is the manufacturer of
the product.
Others…
Currency,
information,
shopping.
documentation
sightseeing
and
Characteristics of Tourism
Tourism has special characteristics which make it different from other
industries.
1. In tourism the product is not brought to the consumer.
2. The products of tourism are not used up; thus, they do not exhaust the
country’s natural resources.
3. Tourism is a labor-intensive industry.
4. Tourism is people-oriented.
5. The tourist industry is seasonal.
6. The industry is dynamic.
Importance of Tourism
1. Contribution to the balance of payments
2. Dispersion of development
3. Effect on general economic development
4. Employment opportunities
5. Social benefits
6. Cultural enrichment
7. Educational significance
8. A vital force for peace