Journey to the Center of the Earth
Guided Notes
Review
●
is a measure of how tightly packed the particles
are in a substance
○ Substances that are less dense than water will
●
is the transfer of thermal energy through fluids
like liquids and gases
○ Cool dense liquid
, while hot less dense
liquid
Earth’s Layers
●
○ Very rigid (hard) and composed of
○ Like the skin of an apple
○ Very thin compared to the other layers - about
km
thick
○ Divided into two types:
and
■
● Thickness: 30-75 km
● Composition: rigid rock, granite
■
● Thickness: 5-10 km
● Composition: rigid rock, basalt
●
○ Solid and rocky layer
○ Almost 3,000 km thick
○ Thickest layer of the Earth
○ Made up of two portions:
and
■ Upper Mantle
● Lithosphere
○ Thickness: about 100 km
○ Composition: rigid, brittle rock
○ It is divided into
that
slowly move the Earth’s crust
○ It consists of all the crust and
the
part of the
mantle
●
○
○
○
○
Thickness: 70-350 km
Composition: less rigid,
plastic-like molten rock
Located under the
At the uppermost part of the
Asthenosphere, the Lithosphere
is not attached causing the
plates to
■
●
●
●
●
■
●
Thickness: 2200 km
Composition: rigid rock
Temperatures can reach up to
degrees Celsius
The layer is
due to
pressure of the rocks above it
Convection Currents
● Created by
and
differences in the fluid
● Expanded, heated rocks, being less
dense,
while colder, denser
rocks
● Causes the crust’s
plates to
move
Core
○ Made up of
and
alloys
○ Extreme
○ Divided into two parts:
and
■
● Thickness: 2300 km
● Composition:
metal (liquid
iron and nickel)
● Only
layer
●
of the Earth
generated when the iron metal moves
around
■
● Dense and solid due to great
at the center of the Earth
● Thickness: 1200 km
● Composition: rigid, solid metal of
mostly iron and some
● Higher temperatures up to