Exercise and Nutrition Science
FLG 331
Cardiovascular System
Wolters Kluwer
peatch
Cardiovascular System
Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins
Components
e Consists of four components
1.
A pump that provides continuous
the other three components
2.
A high-pressure distribution circuit
3.
Exchange vessels
4.
A low-pressure collection and
linkage with
return circuit
3. Managing stress’
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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Pulmonary Circuit
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
ss
ee
Oxy gen-poor,
CO,-rich blood
Oxyger-rich,
CO.-poor blood
Ri. atriuin
Ri. ventricle
oVSTEMIC ¥EINS
|
Systemic Circuit
SYSTEMIC arteries
INTRINSIC
CONDUCTION
SYSTEM
Tay
aL eGo esCMa CEM PLE CLLEELE
Marcelteaatelelm daleeacslae
“
a
Beni
See
The intrinsic conduction system sets
Hated ects ua Miele Mua datemelcelutaemacae
RCO RO Tee
MUN ReTCe Ee
Wal Reet lec om Teemeltiealereice
INTRINSIC
CONDUCTION
SYSTEM
SA NODE
Mass of autorhythmic cells located in the right atrial wall near
entrance of the sup vena cava (SA — sinoatrial); generates
impulses about 75 times per minute, sets pace for the entire
heart (pacemaker)
INTERNODAL PATHWAY
Pathway that carries impulses from SA inode to the AV node
AV NODE
Mass of autorhythmic cells located in the inferior ppttion of the
interatrial septum above the tricuspid valve (AV =
atrioventricular); here, each impulse is delayed briefly, allowing
atria to contract before ventricles
AV BUNDLE
Autorhythmic celis located in the inferior patt of the interatrial
septum; the only electrical cotitieotion between the artia and
ventricles (AV = atriovetitrictlar); also known as the bundle of
His.
BUNDLE BRANCHES
Two branches resulting from splitting of the AV bundle;
conveys impulses down the interventricular septum.
PURKINJE FIBERS
Fibers that rut thtough the interventricular septum, penetrate the
heart apex; thefi tufm superiorly, conveying impulses throughout
the ventricles.
.
OF
DEPOLARIZATION
a
ee
ee
PATHWAY
which spread trom the
of the intrinsic conduction
system to the
are electrical
events. Subsequent contraction ofthe
contractile cells is a mechanical event that
causes 4 heartbeat.
Sy
NORMAL
ECG
WAVE
TRACING
Piwave = Atrial depolarization
GIRS complex = Ventricular depolarization
Tiwave = Ventricular repolarization
Diagnostic Use of the ECG
« ECG abnormalities may indicate
coronary heart disease
—ST-segment depression can indicate
myocardial ischemia
Fig 9.8
Abnormal ECG
Normal
ischemia
Fig 6 |
ey
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Wolters Kluwer | Lippincott
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Distribution of Sympathetic
and Parasympathetic Nerve
Fibers Within the Myocardium
HL
Parasympathetic nerves
Sympathetic nerves
Sympathetic chain
Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Williams & Wilkins
CARDIAC
OUTPUT
Cardiac output is the amount of blood
pumped out by each ventricle in one
minute. Cardiac output can increase
Nery Cel bm Cee oo mda tems nE rates
we put on our body, whether
dashing to catch a bus or
riding a mountain bike.
CARDIAC
OUTPUT
Cardiac outputis the amount of blood purniped out by each
ventricle in one minute. Cardiac autputis directly related to heart
rate and stroke volurne:
Cardiac Output = HearRate
CO
=
HR
x Stroke Volume
x
oy