Nathan kobs
Anatomy(&(Physiology:((Blood(Study(Review(Questions(
I. #What#are#2#major#components#of#blood?#formed elements and plasma
II. What#makes#up#“buffy#coat”#and#where#is#this#(in#centrifuged#blood)?#
Layer contains remaining formed elements, leukocytes, wbc, and platelets. Found at the
III. Identify#these#vital#characteristics#of#blood#junction between erythrocytes and plasma
1. pH#range=# 7.35-7.45
2. temp=F# 100.4 d F
3. ____%#of#blood=#erythrocytes/_____%of#blood=plasma#
4. ____K____#liters#in#healthy#male#(____%#of#body#wt)#
5 6
IV. Plasma#
1. _____%#water#
2. Dissolved#subst’s=##Nutrients, salts, respiratory gases, hormones, plasma proteins, various wastes
i. Proteins:##most#made#by#________,#___________#regulates#osmotic#pressure/clotting#proteins/antibodies#
albumin
Small flexible disc,
V. Formed#elements#
thin center, mini
1. Erythrocytes:##carry#________,###shape?#########################Nucleus?#
No nucleus
donut
oxygen
i. Define#anemia:#Condition in which blood doesn’t have enough healthy rbc
ii. Excessive#RBCs=# Polycythemia
2. Leukocytes#
Diapedesis
i. Nucleus?# Yes
#
,#_______________________=how#move#in/out#of#blood#vessels#
ii. Respond#to?#Chemicals that diffuse from damaged cells
iii. High#WBCK#infection,#e.g.=#Leukocytosis
iv. Low#WBCK#drugs,#e.g.=## Leukopenia
v. Excess,#immature#WBC’s=# Leukemia
vi. Granulocytes:##3#types,#characteristics,#function#
1.#
Nuetrophils - multilobed nucleus, respond to acid/base stains, cytoplasm stain pink, avid phagocytes at infection
Eosinophilia - blue-red nucleus, lysosome like, red cytoplasm granules, # increases during infection
2.#
Basophils - contain large histamine granules, stain dark blue, makes blood vessels leak,
3.#
vii. Agranulocytes:##2#types,#characteristics,#function#
1.#Lymphocytes - dark purple nucleus, slightly larger than RBC, in lymphatic tissue, role in immune response
2.#Monocytes - largest wbc, resemble large lymphocytes, change into macrophages, fight chronic infections
3. Platelets:###
Fragments of bizarre multi nuclear cells which pinch off thousands of
i. What#is#“megakaryocytes”## platelet pieces
ii. Function?# Blood clothing, platelet production
VI. Blood#cell#formation=#
1. In#red#marrow,#from#common#stem#cell#(_________________)#
Hermatopiosis
Lymphocytes
All other classes of formed elements
i. lymphoid#cell#forms______________________,#myeloid#cell#forms#______________________#
3
5
2. Erthrocytes:##wear#out#in#_______#to#_______#daysK#rate#controlled#by#what#hormone?#
3. Leukocytes:##What#controls?# Colony stimulating factors and interleukins
Thrombopoietin
4. Platelets:##___________________#stimulates#production#
VII. Hemostasis:##3#major#phases#
1. Vascular
#
spasms occur
2. Platelet
#
plug forms
events occur
3. Coagulation
#
Tissue factor
PF3
i. Injured#tissue#releases#_______________,##__________#(phospholipid)#interacts#with#TF,#protein#clotting#
Calcium ions
factors#&#________________(mineral)#to#trigger#clotting:##_________________________#converts#
Prothrombin activator
Thrombin
Fibrinogen
prothrombin#to#_____________________,#this#joins#____________________#into#hairKlike#molecule#of#
Fibrin
____________________,#which#forms#meshwork#
3
6
4. Clot#within#_____#to#____minutes#
VIII. Disorders#
Embolus
1. Clot#in#unbroken#vessel=#####################################Clot#that#breaks#loose,#can#clog#elsewhere=#
Thrombus
Thrombocytopenia
2. Platelet#deficiency=#
us
SS
8
90
live
3. Bleeding#disorder,#clotting#factors#missing=# Hemophilia
30
4. ShockK#loss#of#over#____%#can#be#fatal#
IX. Human#Blood#Groups#
1. Blood#has#genetically#determined#proteins/Antigens#(body#sees#as#foreign)#may#be#attacked#by#immune#
system/Antibodies#are#recognizers/#Type#determined#by#antibodies#that#cause#blood#with#certain#proteins#to#
clump#(agglutinize)#
30
2. Over#_____#RBC#antigensK#most#transfusion#reactions#caused#by#ABO#and#Rh#blood#group#antigens#
3. ABO#groupsK#based#on#presence#or#absence#of#Type#A#or#Type#B#antigens#
i. Lack#of#these#is#____#type#
O
ii. Presence#of#both=#______type#
iii. Presence#of#A=#_____type,#B=_____type#
iv. AB#can#receive#____,____,____,____#(universal#recipient)#
AD 0
A
v. A#can#receive#____#or#____#
0
A
vi. B#can#receive#____#or#____#
B O
vii. O#can#only#receive#_____##
G
4. Rh#groupK#presence#or#absence#of#one#of#8#Rh#antigens#(defined#in#Rhesus#monkeys)#
i. Most#in#US#Rh#_____________#(pos#or#neg?)#(problem#if#Rh#neg#gets#Rh#pos#blood)#
AB
A
B
positive
B