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Chapter 22: Management of Patients With Upper Respiratory Tract
Disorders
1.
The nurse is providing patient teaching to a young mother who has brought her 3-month-old infant to the
clinic for a well-baby checkup. What action should the nurse recommend to the woman to prevent the
transmission of organisms to her infant during the cold season?
A)
Take preventative antibiotics, as ordered.
B)
Gargle with warm salt water regularly.
C)
Dress herself and her infant warmly.
D)
Wash her hands frequently.
Ans:
D
Feedback:
Handwashing remains the most effective preventive measure to reduce the transmission of organisms.
Taking prescribed antibiotics, using warm salt-water gargles, and dressing warmly do not suppress
transmission. Antibiotics are not prescribed for a cold.
2.
A patient visiting the clinic is diagnosed with acute sinusitis. To promote sinus drainage, the nurse
should instruct the patient to perform which of the following?
A)
Apply a cold pack to the affected area.
B)
Apply a mustard poultice to the forehead.
C)
Perform postural drainage.
D)
Increase fluid intake.
Ans:
D
Feedback:
For a patient diagnosed with acute sinusitis, the nurse should instruct the patient that hot packs,
increasing fluid intake, and elevating the head of the bed can promote drainage. Applying a mustard
poultice will not promote sinus drainage. Postural drainage is used to remove bronchial secretions.
3.
The nurse is creating a plan of car for a patient diagnosed with acute laryngitis. What intervention should
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be included in the patients plan of care?
A)
Place warm cloths on the patients throat, as needed.
B)
Have the patient inhale warm steam three times daily.
C)
Encourage the patient to limit speech whenever possible.
D)
Limit the patients fluid intake to 1.5 L/day.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Management of acute laryngitis includes resting the voice, avoiding irritants (including smoking),
resting, and inhaling cool steam or an aerosol. Fluid intake should be increased. Warm cloths on the
throat will not help relieve the symptoms of acute laryngitis.
4.
A patient comes to the ED and is admitted with epistaxis. Pressure has been applied to the patients
midline septum for 10 minutes, but the bleeding continues. The nurse should anticipate using what
treatment to control the bleeding?
A)
Irrigation with a hypertonic solution
B)
Nasopharyngeal suction
C)
Normal saline application
D)
Silver nitrate application
Ans:
D
Feedback:
If pressure to the midline septum does not stop the bleeding for epistaxis, additional treatment of silver
nitrate application, Gelfoam, electrocautery, or vasoconstrictors may be used. Suction may be used to
visualize the nasal septum, but it does not alleviate the bleeding. Irrigation with a hypertonic solution is
not used to treat epistaxis.
5.
The nurse is planning the care of a patient who is scheduled for a laryngectomy. The nurse should assign
the highest priority to which postoperative nursing diagnosis?
A)
Anxiety related to diagnosis of cancer
B)
Altered nutrition related to swallowing difficulties
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
C)
Ineffective airway clearance related to airway alterations
D)
Impaired verbal communication related to removal of the larynx
Ans:
C
438
Feedback:
Each of the listed diagnoses is valid, but ineffective airway clearance is the priority nursing diagnosis for
all conditions.
6.
The home care nurse is assessing the home environment of a patient who will be discharged from the
hospital shortly after his laryngectomy. The nurse should inform the patient that he may need to arrange
for the installation of which system in his home?
A)
A humidification system
B)
An air conditioning system
C)
A water purification system
D)
A radiant heating system
Ans:
A
Feedback:
The nurse stresses the importance of humidification at home and instructs the family to obtain and set up
a humidification system before the patient returns home. Air-conditioning may be too cool and too
drying for the patient. A water purification system or a radiant heating system is not necessary.
7.
The nurse is caring for a patient whose recent unexplained weight loss and history of smoking have
prompted diagnostic testing for cancer. What symptom is most closely associated with the early stages
of laryngeal cancer?
A)
Hoarseness
B)
Dyspnea
C)
Dysphagia
D)
Frequent nosebleeds
Ans:
A
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Feedback:
Hoarseness is an early symptom of laryngeal cancer. Dyspnea, dysphagia, and lumps are later signs of
laryngeal cancer. Alopecia is not associated with a diagnosis of laryngeal cancer.
8.
The nurse is caring for a patient who needs education on his medication therapy for allergic rhinitis. The
patient is to take cromolyn (Nasalcrom) daily. In providing education for this patient, how should the
nurse describe the action of the medication?
A)
It inhibits the release of histamine and other chemicals.
B)
It inhibits the action of proton pumps.
C)
It inhibits the action of the sodium-potassium pump in the nasal epithelium.
D)
It causes bronchodilation and relaxes smooth muscle in the bronchi.
Ans:
A
Feedback:
Cromolyn (Nasalcrom) inhibits the release of histamine and other chemicals. It is prescribed to treat
allergic rhinitis. Beta-adrenergic agents lead to bronchodilation and stimulate beta-2adrenergic receptors
in the smooth muscle of the bronchi and bronchioles. It does not affect proton pump action or the
sodium-potassium pump in the nasal cells.
9.
The campus nurse at a university is assessing a 21-year-old student who presents with a severe
nosebleed. The site of bleeding appears to be the anterior portion of the nasal septum. The nurse
instructs the student to tilt her head forward and the nurse applies pressure to the nose, but the students
nose continues to bleed. Which intervention should the nurse next implement?
A)
Apply ice to the bridge of her nose
B)
Lay the patient down on a cot
C)
Arrange for transfer to the local ED
D)
Insert a tampon in the affected nare
Ans:
D
Feedback:
A cotton tampon may be used to try to stop the bleeding. The use of ice on the bridge of the nose has no
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scientific rationale for care. Laying the client down on the cot could block the clients airway. Hospital
admission is necessary only if the bleeding becomes serious.
10. The ED nurse is assessing a young gymnast who fell from a balance beam. The gymnast presents with a
clear fluid leaking from her nose. What should the ED nurse suspect?
A)
Fracture of the cribriform plate
B)
Rupture of an ethmoid sinus
C)
Abrasion of the soft tissue
D)
Fracture of the nasal septum
Ans:
A
Feedback:
Clear fluid from either nostril suggests a fracture of the cribriform plate with leakage of cerebrospinal
fluid. The symptoms are not indicative of an abrasion of the soft tissue or rupture of a sinus. Clear fluid
leakage from the nose would not be indicative of a fracture of the nasal septum.
11. A 42-year-old patient is admitted to the ED after an assault. The patient received blunt trauma to the face
and has a suspected nasal fracture. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform?
A)
Administer nasal spray and apply an occlusive dressing to the patients face.
B)
Position the patients head in a dependent position.
C)
Irrigate the patients nose with warm tap water.
D)
Apply ice and keep the patients head elevated.
Ans:
D
Feedback:
Immediately after the fracture, the nurse applies ice and encourages the patient to keep the head
elevated. The nurse instructs the patient to apply ice packs to the nose to decrease swelling. Dependent
positioning would exacerbate bleeding and the nose is not irrigated. Occlusive dressings are not used.
12. The occupational health nurse is obtaining a patient history during a pre-employment physical. During
the history, the patient states that he has hereditary angioedema. The nurse should identify what
implication of this health condition?
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
A)
It will result in increased loss of work days.
B)
It may cause episodes of weakness due to reduced cardiac output.
C)
It can cause life-threatening airway obstruction.
D)
It is unlikely to interfere with the individuals health.
Ans:
C
441
Feedback:
Hereditary angioedema is an inherited condition that is characterized by episodes of life-threatening
laryngeal edema. No information supports lost days of work or reduced cardiac function.
13. The nurse is conducting a presurgical interview for a patient with laryngeal cancer. The patient states
that he drinks approximately six to eight shots of vodka per day. It is imperative that the nurse inform
the surgical team so the patient can be assessed for what?
A)
Increased risk for infection
B)
Delirium tremens
C)
Depression
D)
Nonadherence to postoperative care
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Considering the known risk factors for cancer of the larynx, it is essential to assess the patients history of
alcohol intake. Infection is a risk in the postoperative period, but not an appropriate answer based on the
patients history. Depression and nonadherence are risks in the postoperative phase, but would not be
critical short-term assessments.
14. The nurse is explaining the safe and effective administration of nasal spray to a patient with seasonal
allergies. What information is most important to include in this teaching?
A)
Finish the bottle of nasal spray to clear the infection effectively.
B)
Nasal spray can only be shared between immediate family members.
C)
Nasal spray should be administered in a prone position.
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
D)
Overuse of nasal spray may cause rebound congestion.
Ans:
D
442
Feedback:
The use of topical decongestants is controversial because of the potential for a rebound effect. The
patient should hold his or her head back for maximal distribution of the spray. Only the patient should
use the bottle.
15. As a clinic nurse, you are caring for a patient who has been prescribed an antibiotic for tonsillitis and has
been instructed to take the antibiotic for 10 days. When you do a follow-up call with this patient, you are
informed that the patient is feeling better and is stopping the medication after taking it for 4 days. What
information should you provide to this patient?
A)
Keep the remaining tablets for an infection at a later time.
B)
Discontinue the medications if the fever is gone.
C)
Dispose of the remaining medication in a biohazard receptacle.
D)
Finish all the antibiotics to eliminate the organism completely.
Ans:
D
Feedback:
The nurse informs the patient about the need to take the full course of any prescribed antibiotic.
Antibiotics should be taken for the entire 10-day period to eliminate the microorganisms. A patient
should never be instructed to keep leftover antibiotics for use at a later time. Even if the fever or other
symptoms are gone, the medications should be continued. Antibiotics do not need to be disposed of in a
biohazard receptacle, though they should be discarded appropriately.
16. A nurse practitioner has provided care for three different patients with chronic pharyngitis over the past
several months. Which patients are at greatest risk for developing chronic pharyngitis?
A)
Patients who are habitual users of alcohol and tobacco
B)
Patients who are habitual users of caffeine and other stimulants
C)
Patients who eat a diet high in spicy foods
D)
Patients who have gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD)
Ans:
A
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Feedback:
Chronic pharyngitis is common in adults who live and work in dusty surroundings, use the voice to
excess, suffer from chronic chough, and habitually use alcohol and tobacco. Caffeine and spicy foods
have not been linked to chronic pharyngitis. GERD is not a noted risk factor.
17. The perioperative nurse has admitted a patient who has just underwent a tonsillectomy. The nurses
postoperative assessment should prioritize which of the following potential complications of this
surgery?
A)
Difficulty ambulating
B)
Hemorrhage
C)
Infrequent swallowing
D)
Bradycardia
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Hemorrhage is a potential complication of a tonsillectomy. Increased pulse, fever, and restlessness may
indicate a postoperative hemorrhage. Difficulty ambulating and bradycardia are not common
complications in a patient after a tonsillectomy. Infrequent swallowing does not indicate hemorrhage;
frequent swallowing does.
18. A 45-year-old obese man arrives in a clinic with complaints of daytime sleepiness, difficulty going to
sleep at night, and snoring. The nurse should recognize the manifestations of what health problem?
A)
Adenoiditis
B)
Chronic tonsillitis
C)
Obstructive sleep apnea
D)
Laryngeal cancer
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs in men, especially those who are older and overweight. Symptoms
include excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia, and snoring. Daytime sleepiness and difficulty going to
sleep at night are not indications of tonsillitis or adenoiditis. This patients symptoms are not suggestive
of laryngeal cancer.
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19. The nurse is caring for a patient in the ED for epistaxis. What information should the nurse include in
patient discharge teaching as a way to prevent epistaxis?
A)
Keep nasal passages clear.
B)
Use decongestants regularly.
C)
Humidify the indoor environment.
D)
Use a tissue when blowing the nose.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Discharge teaching for prevention of epistaxis should include the following: avoid forceful nose
bleeding, straining, high altitudes, and nasal trauma (nose picking). Adequate humidification may
prevent drying of the nasal passages. Keeping nasal passages clear and using a tissue when blowing the
nose are not included in discharge teaching for the prevention of epistaxis. Decongestants are not
indicated.
20. The nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative day 2 following a total laryngectomy for
supraglottic cancer. The nurse should prioritize what assessment?
A)
Assessment of body image
B)
Assessment of jugular venous pressure
C)
Assessment of carotid pulse
D)
Assessment of swallowing ability
Ans:
D
Feedback:
A common postoperative complication from this type of surgery is difficulty in swallowing, which
creates a potential for aspiration. Cardiovascular complications are less likely at this stage of recovery.
The patients body image should be assessed, but dysphagia has the potential to affect the patients
airway, and is a consequent priority.
21. The nurse is performing the health interview of a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis who experiences
frequent nose bleeds. The nurse asks the patient about her current medication regimen. Which
medication would put the patient at a higher risk for recurrent epistaxis?
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
A)
Afrin
B)
Beconase
C)
Sinustop Pro
D)
Singulair
Ans:
B
445
Feedback:
Beconase should be avoided in patients with recurrent epistaxis, glaucoma, and cataracts. Sinustop Pro
and Afrin are pseudoephedrine and do not have a side effect of epistaxis. Singulair is a bronchodilator
and does not have epistaxis as a side effect.
22. The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who has been diagnosed with cancer of the larynx.
Part of the nurses assessment addresses the patients general state of nutrition. Which laboratory values
would be assessed when determining the nutritional status of the patient? Select all that apply.
A)
White blood cell count
B)
Protein level
C)
Albumin level
D)
Platelet count
E)
Glucose level
Ans:
B, C, E
Feedback:
The nurse also assesses the patients general state of nutrition, including height and weight and body
mass index, and reviews laboratory values that assist in determining the patients nutritional status
(albumin, protein, glucose, and electrolyte levels). The white blood cell count and the platelet count
would not normally assist in determining the patients nutritional status.
23. The nurse is teaching a patient with allergic rhinitis about the safe and effective use of his medications.
What would be the most essential information to give this patient about preventing possible drug
interactions?
A)
Prescription medications can be safely supplemented with OTC medications.
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
B)
Use only one pharmacy so the pharmacist can check drug interactions.
C)
Read drug labels carefully before taking OTC medications.
D)
Consult the Internet before selecting an OTC medication.
Ans:
C
446
Feedback:
Patient education is essential when assisting the patient in the use of all medications. To prevent possible
drug interactions, the patient is cautioned to read drug labels before taking any OTC medications. Some
Web sites are reliable and valid information sources, but this is not always the case. Patients do not
necessarily need to limit themselves to one pharmacy, though checking for potential interactions is
important. Not all OTC medications are safe additions to prescription medication regimens.
24. The nurse is caring for a patient who has just been diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis. While being
admitted to the clinic, the patient asks, Will this chronic infection hurt my new kidney? What should the
nurse know about chronic rhinosinusitis in patients who have had a transplant?
A)
The patient will have exaggerated symptoms of rhinosinusitis due to immunosuppression.
B)
Taking immunosuppressive drugs can contribute to chronic rhinosinusitis.
C)
Chronic rhinosinusitis can damage the transplanted organ.
D)
Immunosuppressive drugs can cause organ rejection.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
URIs, specifically chronic rhinosinusitis and recurrent acute rhinosinusitis, may be linked to primary or
secondary immune deficiency or treatment with immunosuppressive therapy (i.e., for cancer or organ
transplantation). Typical symptoms may be blunted or absent due to immunosuppression. No evidence
indicates damage to the transplanted organ due to chronic rhinosinusitis. Immunosuppressive drugs do
not cause organ rejection.
25. The nurse is caring for a patient with a severe nosebleed. The physician inserts a nasal sponge and tells
the patient it may have to remain in place up to 6 days before it is removed. The nurse should identify
that this patient is at increased risk for what?
A)
Viral sinusitis
B)
Toxic shock syndrome
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
C)
Pharyngitis
D)
Adenoiditis
Ans:
B
447
Feedback:
A compressed nasal sponge may be used. Once the sponge becomes saturated with blood or is moistened
with a small amount of saline, it will expand and produce tamponade to halt the bleeding. The packing
may remain in place for 48 hours or up to 5 or 6 days if necessary to control bleeding. Antibiotics may
be prescribed because of the risk of iatrogenic sinusitis and toxic shock syndrome.
26. A nursing student is discussing a patient with viral pharyngitis with the preceptor at the walk-in clinic.
What should the preceptor tell the student about nursing care for patients with viral pharyngitis?
A)
Teaching focuses on safe and effective use of antibiotics.
B)
The patient should be preliminarily screened for surgery.
C)
Symptom management is the main focus of medical and nursing care.
D)
The focus of care is resting the voice to prevent chronic hoarseness.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Nursing care for patients with viral pharyngitis focuses on symptomatic management. Antibiotics are not
prescribed for viral etiologies. Surgery is not indicated in the treatment of viral pharyngitis. Chronic
hoarseness is not a common sequela of viral pharyngitis, so teaching ways to prevent it would be of no
use in this instance.
27. The nurse is providing patient teaching to a patient diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis. For what
possible complication should the nurse teach the patient to seek immediate follow-up?
A)
Periorbital edema
B)
Headache unrelieved by OTC medications
C)
Clear drainage from nose
D)
Blood-tinged mucus when blowing the nose
Ans:
A
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448
Feedback:
Patient teaching is an important aspect of nursing care for the patient with acute rhinosinusitis. The nurse
instructs the patient about symptoms of complications that require immediate follow-up. Referral to a
physician is indicated if periorbital edema and severe pain on palpation occur. Clear drainage and bloodtinged mucus do not require follow-up if the patient has acute rhinosinusitis. A persistent headache does
not necessarily warrant immediate follow-up.
28. A patient states that her family has had several colds during this winter and spring despite their
commitment to handwashing. The high communicability of the common cold is attributable to what
factor?
A)
Cold viruses are increasingly resistant to common antibiotics.
B)
The virus is shed for 2 days prior to the emergence of symptoms.
C)
A genetic predisposition to viral rhinitis has recently been identified.
D)
Overuse of OTC cold remedies creates a rebound susceptibility to future colds.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Colds are highly contagious because virus is shed for about 2 days before the symptoms appear and
during the first part of the symptomatic phase. Antibiotic resistance is not relevant to viral illnesses and
OTC medications do not have a rebound effect. Genetic factors do not exist.
29. It is cold season and the school nurse been asked to provide an educational event for the parent teacher
organization of the local elementary school. What should the nurse include in teaching about the
treatment of pharyngitis?
A)
Pharyngitis is more common in children whose immunizations are not up to date.
B)
There are no effective, evidence-based treatments for pharyngitis.
C)
Use of warm saline gargles or throat irrigations can relieve symptoms.
D)
Heat may increase the spasms in pharyngeal muscles.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Depending on the severity of the pharyngitis and the degree of pain, warm saline gargles or throat
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449
irrigations are used. The benefits of this treatment depend on the degree of heat that is applied. The nurse
teaches about these procedures and about the recommended temperature of the solution: high enough to
be effective and as warm as the patient can tolerate, usually 105F to 110F (40.6C to 43.3C). Irrigating
the throat may reduce spasm in the pharyngeal muscles and relieve soreness of the throat. You would not
tell the parent teacher organization that there is no real treatment of pharyngitis.
30. The nurse is doing discharge teaching in the ED with a patient who had a nosebleed. What should the
nurse include in the discharge teaching of this patient?
A)
Avoid blowing the nose for the next 45 minutes.
B)
In case of recurrence, apply direct pressure for 15 minutes.
C)
Do not take aspirin for the next 2 weeks.
D)
Seek immediate medical attention if the nosebleed recurs.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
The nurse explains how to apply direct pressure to the nose with the thumb and the index finger for 15
minutes in case of a recurrent nosebleed. If recurrent bleeding cannot be stopped, the patient is instructed
to seek additional medical attention. ASA is not contraindicated in most cases and the patient should
avoiding blowing the nose for an extended period of time, not just 45 minutes.
31. The nurse recognizes that aspiration is a potential complication of a laryngectomy. How should the
nurse best manage this risk?
A)
Facilitate total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
B)
Keep a complete suction setup at the bedside.
C)
Feed the patient several small meals daily.
D)
Refer the patient for occupational therapy.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Due to the risk for aspiration, the nurse keeps a suction setup available in the hospital and instructs the
family to do so at home for use if needed. TPN is not indicated and small meals do not necessarily
reduce the risk of aspiration. Physical therapists do not address swallowing ability.
32. A patient has had a nasogastric tube in place for 6 days due to the development of paralytic ileus after
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450
surgery. In light of the prolonged presence of the nasogastric tube, the nurse should prioritize
assessments related to what complication?
A)
Sinus infections
B)
Esophageal strictures
C)
Pharyngitis
D)
Laryngitis
Ans:
A
Feedback:
Patients with nasotracheal and nasogastric tubes in place are at risk for development of sinus infections.
Thus, accurate assessment of patients with these tubes is critical. Use of a nasogastric tube is not
associated with the development of the other listed pathologies.
33. A mother calls the clinic asking for a prescription for Amoxicillin for her 2-year-old son who has what
the nurse suspects to be viral rhinitis. What should the nurse explain to this mother?
A)
I will relay your request promptly to the doctor, but I suspect that she wont get back to you if its a
cold.
B)
Ill certainly inform the doctor, but if it is a cold, antibiotics wont be used because they do not affect
the virus.
C)
Ill phone in the prescription for you since it can be prescribed by the pharmacist.
D)
Amoxicillin is not likely the best antibiotic, but Ill call in the right prescription for you.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
Antimicrobial agents (antibiotics) should not be used because they do not affect the virus or reduce the
incidence of bacterial complications. In addition, their inappropriate use has been implicated in
development of organisms resistant to therapy. It would be inappropriate to tell the patient that the
physician will not respond to her request.
34. The nurse is providing care for a patient who has just been admitted to the postsurgical unit following a
laryngectomy. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?
A)
The patients swallowing ability
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
B)
The patients airway patency
C)
The patients carotid pulses
D)
Signs and symptoms of infection
Ans:
B
451
Feedback:
The patient with a laryngectomy is a risk for airway occlusion and respiratory distress. As in all nursing
situations, assessment of the airway is a priority over other potential complications and assessment
parameters.
35. The nurse has noted the emergence of a significant amount of fresh blood at the drain site of a patient
who is postoperative day 1 following total laryngectomy. How should the nurse respond to this
development?
A)
Remove the patients drain and apply pressure with a sterile gauze.
B)
Assess the patient, reposition the patient supine, and apply wall suction to the drain.
C)
Rapidly assess the patient and notify the surgeon about the patients bleeding.
D)
Administer a STAT dose of vitamin K to aid coagulation.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
The nurse promptly notifies the surgeon of any active bleeding, which can occur at a variety of sites,
including the surgical site, drains, and trachea. The drain should not be removed or connected to suction.
Supine positioning would exacerbate the bleeding. Vitamin K would not be administered without an
order.
36. The nurse is creating a care plan for a patient who is status post-total laryngectomy. Much of the plan
consists of a long-term postoperative communication plan for alaryngeal communication. What form of
alaryngeal communication will likely be chosen?
A)
Esophageal speech
B)
Electric larynx
C)
Tracheoesophageal puncture
Test Bank - Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing 14e (Hinkle 2017)
D)
American sign language (ASL)
Ans:
C
452
Feedback:
Tracheoesophageal puncture is simple and has few complications. It is associated with high phonation
success, good phonation quality, and steady long-term results. As a result, it is preferred over esophageal
speech, and electric larynx or ASL.
37. A patient is being treated for bacterial pharyngitis. Which of the following should the nurse recommend
when promoting the patients nutrition during treatment?
A)
A 1.5 L/day fluid restriction
B)
A high-potassium, low-sodium diet
C)
A liquid or soft diet
D)
A high-protein diet
Ans:
C
Feedback:
A liquid or soft diet is provided during the acute stage of the disease, depending on the patients appetite
and the degree of discomfort that occurs with swallowing. The patient is encouraged to drink as much
fluid as possible (at least 2 to 3 L/day). There is no need for increased potassium or protein intake.
38. A patient has just been diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. While the nurse is doing
health education, the patient asks, Does this kind of cancer tend to spread to other parts of the body?
What is the nurses best response?
A)
In many cases, this type of cancer spreads to other parts of the body.
B)
This cancer usually does not spread to distant sites in the body.
C)
You will have to speak to your oncologist about that.
D)
Squamous cell carcinoma is nothing to be concerned about, so try to focus on your health.
Ans:
B
Feedback:
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The incidence of distant metastasis with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (including larynx
cancer) is relatively low. The patients prognosis is determined by the oncologist, but the patient has
asked a general question and it would be inappropriate to refuse a response. The nurse must not
downplay the patients concerns.
39. The nurse is performing preoperative teaching with a patient who has cancer of the larynx. After
completing patient teaching, what would be most important for the nurse to do?
A)
Give the patient his or her cell phone number.
B)
Refer the patient to a social worker or psychologist.
C)
Provide the patient with audiovisual materials about the surgery.
D)
Reassure the patient and family that everything will be alright.
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Informational materials (written and audiovisual) about the surgery are given to the patient and family
for review and reinforcement. The nurse never gives personal contact information to the patient. Nothing
in the scenario indicates that a referral to a social worker or psychologist is necessary. False reassurance
must always be avoided.
40. A patients total laryngectomy has created a need for alaryngeal speech which will be achieved through
the use of tracheoesophageal puncture. What action should the nurse describe to the patient when
teaching him about this process?
A)
Training on how to perform controlled belching
B)
Use of an electronically enhanced artificial pharynx
C)
Insertion of a specialized nasogastric tube
D)
Fitting for a voice prosthesis
Ans:
D
Feedback:
In patients receiving transesophageal puncture, a valve is placed in the tracheal stoma to divert air into
the esophagus and out the mouth. Once the puncture is surgically created and has healed, a voice
prosthesis (Blom-Singer) is fitted over the puncture site. A nasogastric tube and belching are not
required. An artificial pharynx is not used.