ICT Summary of Group 4
Members: 1. Sherin Ayu Adelia
3. Triana Novitasari
2. Siti Khusnul Fatimah
4. Wanda Lelga
A. Literacy
a. What is literacy
Literacy is an activity to further cultivate the movement of reading and also
writing. Literacy has many benefits, one of the advantages of this literacy is that it
can train yourself to be more accustomed to reading and can also get a person
(students) to be able to absorb information that is read and summarized by using the
language they understand. More clearly, understanding literacy is an individual’s
ability to be able to use their potential and skills in processing and also understand
information when reading or writing activities. The most common understanding of
literacy is a set of tangible skills, specifically cognitive reading and writing skills that
are independent of the context in which the skills are acquired and from whom to
acquire them.
b. Types of literacy
Below this is a type of literacy, basically this literacy is divided into several types
of literacy, including the following:
1. Basic literacy
Basic literacy is an ability to read, listen, speak, write and also count. This
basic literacy aims to be able to optimize and improve in terms of writing,
reading, speaking, counting and also listening.
2. Library literacy
Library literacy is an advanced ability to be able to optimize existing library
literacy. This library literacy consists of providing an understanding of ways to
be able to distinguish between non-fiction and fiction, understand the use of
catalogs and indexes and also have knowledge in understanding information
when completing an article, research and so forth.
3. Visual literacy
Visual literacy is a more understanding between media literacy and also
technological literacy that develops it by utilizing visual material.
4. Media literacy
Media literacy is an ability to be able to know various forms of different
media such as print media, electronic media and so on and can also understand
the use of each of these existing media.
5. Technology literacy
Technology literacy is an ability to be able to understand the completeness
in a technology such as hardware and software, understand also how to access
the internet and also understand the ethics that apply in the use of technology..
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Literacy is one of the basic abilities that must be mastered by individuals to be
able to survive in the global era. The absence of space and time constraints in global
interaction requires individuals to be able to interact and communicate with various
media and literacy skills. Literacy is language skills in the context of communication.
In the context of learning, literacy plays an important role in achieving learning
objectives at both the micro and macro levels. For this reason, literacy is an important
component that shows the progress of a nation's education system. Based on this
explanation, it can be identified that literacy ability is the main center for developing
knowledge as well as skills in other fields. Lack of literacy skills in students has an
impact on students' inability to develop skills in other fields.
In the context of learning, literacy plays an important role in achieving learning
objectives at both the micro and macro levels. For this reason, literacy is an important
component that shows the progress of a nation's education system. Based on this
explanation, it can be identified that literacy ability is the main center for developing
knowledge as well as skills in other fields. Lack of literacy skills in students has an
impact on students’ inability to develop skills in other fields. The use of technology
to support learning literacy itself is a connection that cannot be separated from one
another.
B. Ways Technology Supports Early Literacy
1. ICT in student creativity
In implementing learning, ICT tools can be used as a means to enhance
student creativity. Students can utilize information and communication
technology facilities or computer applications in their learning activities such
as Internet technology which can be used by students as learning resources.
By using internet technology, students can access learning resources in it by
utilizing web pages that provide information needed by students.
2. Student learning website
With internet technology, students can access various information needed
in accordance with the learning material discussed in learning at school, thus
training students 'independence in finding information needs and increasing
students' creativity in gathering information from various sources that can be
used as learning resources.
Computer applications that are part of information technology facilities
can be utilized to develop student creativity in learning. One application that
can be used by students in learning is presentation applications such as
Microsoft Powerpoint, Lectora, Macromedia Flash and so on. With these
applications will trigger student creativity in developing presentation
materials where students can utilize multimedia technology that can be
integrated in these applications.
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3. ICT in student collaboration activities
In the teaching and learning process, students can also take advantage of
technology facilities that are already available to be used as a means of
collaboration in classroom learning. dOne of the applications that can be
utilized in learning activities, especially student collaboration, is social
networking web applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Frienster and so on.
For example, Facebook applications in cyberspace are not just applications
that can only be used to communicate with friends, find friends, update status,
etc., but can also be used in student learning. By using the Facebook social
networking web can be utilized as a medium for conducting distance learning
discussions which will certainly be more fun and exciting.
4. ICT as a medium of student communication in learning
Information and communication technology can also be used as students'
communication media in relation to learning. One of them is by utilizing EMail (Electronic Mail) facilities found on the internet network. By using email students can communicate with fellow students, with teachers and even
with other stakeholders who can help the student learning process. For
example, by using e-mail students can send the results of assignments given
by their teacher by sending attachment files to their assignments. By using
email technology, students can send the results of assignments given by the
teacher to students quickly without any time and place restrictions.
Finally, the existence of technology that supports literacy learning activities
can improve student understanding in receiving information through (reading or
writing) traditionally or through the help of sophisticated technology. If literacy
learning (reading and writing) in the early classes is not strong, then in the advanced
reading and writing stages students will have difficulty being able to have adequate
reading and writing skills. As we all know that the ability to read and write is really
needed by everyone who wants to expand knowledge and experience, enhance
thinking power, sharpen reasoning, to achieve progress and self improvement.
There are many benefits to using technology as a tool to support early literacy.
The use of technology should be based on the instructional objective(s) being taught
and should enhance children’s learning. Using developmentally appropriate software
and Internet resources that support instructional outcomes will provide opportunities
to develop higher-level reasoning and problem solving skills.
This resource outlines the benefits of using technology to support early literacy.
1. Electronic Books have many benefits for young readers, ESOL and Special
Education students. Electronic books combine reading, writing, listening, and
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speaking as part of the development of the children's literacy skills. They help
in decoding by presenting written information and spoken words
simultaneously.
Comprehension is supported by combining words with
related pictures, sounds, and video.
Electronic books provide a multi-sensory approach with related
pictures, sound, and video and appeals to all multiple intelligences. They give
students the opportunity to self monitor and provides them with immediate
feedback. E-books enhance memory skills by presenting written and spoken
words at the same time. They help readers construct mental models for
information. For early emergent readers, electronic books allow them to
follow along with a story even if they cannot read the text independently by
highlighting words as they are read aloud. E-books also help with concepts of
print and provides opportunities for language acquisition.
2. Word processing is a tool that can be used to help students write more and
more fluently. It is a way for students to get their ideas into print without
needing the fine motor skills to write letters. The potential for collaboration
is easy. Word processing facilitates easy revision without recopying and
allows all students work to look important. Interactive writing using word
processing allows for modeling of basic word processing skills in an authentic
setting.
3. Multimedia applications provide scaffolding and support to young readers
by offering audio word lists and text to speech capabilities. Developmentally
appropriate software helps provide differentiation, allows students to work at
their own pace and guides children to success
(Bailey's Book House).
Applications can include tutorials for enrichment, extension or remediation.
Several CDs make accommodations for different languages and allow
students to hear directions in their native language but require them to read the
stories and do word work in English.
4. Templates which support wordwork, can be created using multimedia
applications such as Kid Pix . Directions can be recorded and saved as part of
the template, which supports early readers and reinforces listening skills. It
also helps students become independent. They do not have to run to the
teacher for help with directions. They can listen to the directions as often as
they need to. Multimedia applications can also support students creating their
own books and teachers creating leveled texts to directly support their
curriculum.
5. The Internet supports differentiation of ability as well as interest. The World
Wide Web makes different types of reading materials more accessible to
students. By copying and pasting text from the Web into a word processing
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program, adaptations can easily be created to make accommodations for
individual children. Text size can be increased for students with visual
impairments. Vocabulary can be simplified for emerging readers. Key words,
concepts, etc. Can be highlighted using different colors or fonts. Text from
the WWW can be brought into SimpleText and read aloud to students.
Additionally, text can be translated into almost any language with the click of
a button. The Internet’s Virtual Field Trips allow children to travel beyond the
classroom without actually leaving and gives them the opportunity to learn
about different cultures and gain an appreciation of diversity. Email and
websites give students authentic purposes and audiences for reading and
writing.
6. Digital Images allow students to record & document their experiences. These
images encourage reflection and provide a springboard for discussion and
writing. The pictures they take can be used almost instantly. Scanning allows
students to incorporate authentic art into projects and portfolios.
7. Technology supports teachers' professional and personal growth by
empowering them to move beyond the walls of their classroom. The WWW
(World Wide Web) provides access to wonderful resources that enhance
instruction.
Email allows teachers to communicate and collaborate with
others and facilitates involvement in different communities of learning.
Technology helps teachers stay current with research and current event issues.
Various technology tools help provide support for teachers to create inspiring
and adaptable instructional materials.
Literacy does not develop spontaneously nor in isolation, but rather in the
broader contexts where learners interact with others and with materials, especially at
home and in the dynamic learning environment of the school classroom
(Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006; Morrison & Connor, 2009). Thus, the role of
technology for promoting literacy is considered here in the context of schools and
classrooms and therefore includes not only the technologies designed to be used by
students, but tools that support learning, assessment, and teachers’ ability to provide
effective literacy instruction.
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References
Bailey's Book House
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human
development. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology:
Theoretical models of human development (6th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 793828). Hoboken,
NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Morrison, F. J., & Connor, C. M. (2009). The transition to school: Child-instruction
transactions in learning to read. In A. Sameroff (Ed.), The transactional model of
development: How children and contexts shape each other (pp. 183-201).
https://pendidikan.co.id/pengertian-literasi-tujuan-manfaat-jenis-prinsip-contoh-menurutahli/
https://www.komunikasipraktis.com/2017/04/pengertian-literasi-secara-bahasaistilah.html
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