Covalent Bonds
• Covalent bonds form between two non-metals. Groups
14-17 on the Periodic Table
• Covalent bonds are formed when atoms SHARE
electrons.
• Both atoms need to gain electrons to become stable, so they
share the electrons they have.
• Atoms can share more than one pair of electrons to
create double and triple bonds.
Covalent Bonds
Each Hydrogen atom wants to gain one
electron to achieve stability.
Covalent Bonds
Chlorine Molecule
It is a single bonding pair so it is called a single covalent bond.
The compound is now called a molecule.
Cl
Cl
Cl2
Covalent Bonds
How will oxygen bond?
Covalent Bonds
Two bonding pairs, making a double bond.
The double bond can be shown as two dashes
O
O
O2
Covalent Bonds
•
Elements can share up to three pairs of electrons.
electrons).
(6 total
Single Bond
(2e)
Double Bond
(4e)
Triple Bond
(6e)
Covalent Bonds
WORK GROUP!!
Draw a diagram to show the bonding in :
Iodine I2
Oxygen O2
Nitrogen N2
Chlorine Cl2
Sulfur S8
Phosphorus P4
Ionic Bonds
• Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetals.
• Ionic bonds are formed between oppositely charged
atoms (ions).
• Ionic bonds are formed by the transfer of electrons.
• One atom loses (gives away) electrons.
• One atom gains (receives) electrons.
Ionic Bonds
Atoms with 4 or less valence electrons want to
LOSE (give away) their valence electrons.
[Groups 1, 2, 13, 14]
Atoms with 4 or more valence electrons want to
GAIN (receive) more electrons to satisfy their octet.
[Groups 14, 15, 16, 17]
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
• Form when electrons are
transferred between atoms.
• Form between a metal and a
non-metal.
Covalent Bonds
• Form when electrons are shared
between atoms.
• Form between two non-metals.