Derivational and
Inflectional Morphemes
GROUP 3 of B-Class
Dewi Maharani
Ismi Intan P
Cucuk Abdullah P
Kamiliatus Syarifah
Abdul Jawat
Siti Irawati
Abdur Rokib
(130511100061)
(130511100062)
(130511100074)
(130511100060)
(130511100069)
(130511100070)
(130511100080)
Derivational Morpheme
Create
meaning
of the
words
category
new words by changing the
or by changing the word class
word (make words or new
of
a
different
grammatical
from the stem)
In derivation a new word is formed by
adding an affix to the root or stem
Derivation of Nouns
 Verb  Noun
speak
swim
read
 speaker
 swimming
 reader/ reading
 Adjective  Noun
kind
good
black
 kindness
 goodness
 blackness
 Noun  Noun
mother
 motherhood
Derivation of Nouns
 We can also add suffixes such as –hood (status), -ship (state or
condition), -ness (quality, state or condition) , -ity (state or
condition), -ment (result or product of doing the action), -al (act of
somethig), -er (agentive), in the words like brotherhood,
friendship, wildness, sincerity, government, refusal, walker
Derivation of Adjective
 Noun  Adjective
care  careful
 Verb  adjective
read readable
love loveable
 Adjective to adjective
common uncommon
possible  impossible
Derivation of Verbs
 Noun  Verb
analysis analyze
slave enslave
 Adjective verb
rich  enrich
legal  legalize
 Verb verb
continue discontinue
pack  unpack
Inflectional morphemes
 Does not produce new words in the language
 Used to indicate aspects of grammatical function of
word
 Does not change category and does not create new
lexemes, but rather changes the form of lexemes so
that they fit into different grammatical contexts
8 Types of Inflectional Morphemes
 Number
 Person
 Gender
NOUN INFLECTION
 Case
 Tense
 Aspect
 Voice
 Mood and modality
VERB INFLECT
NUMBER
 A category of nouns; marks singular or plural
E.g. singular
: cat, ox, child
plural
: cats, oxen, children
PERSON
 A category of nouns; often marked on verbs in
agreement
 Singular
 Plural
1st person
2nd person
3rd person
k-hnia’sà:ke
s- hnia’sà:ke
ie- hnia’sà:ke
ra- hnia’sà:ke
1st person
‘our throats’
2nd person
throats’
3rd person
throats’
'my throat’
‘your throat’
‘her throat’
‘his throat’
iakwa- hnia’sà:ke
sewa- hnia’sà:ke
‘your pl.
konti- hnia’sà:ke
‘their
GENDER
- in some languages like French and Germanic there are masculine and
feminine nouns, and also additional neuter in Germanic
- the classification of inflectional morphemes in gender itself is
arbitrariness
- there are no suffixes or other clear marks on the nouns to tell us their
genders, so that it later deals with some agreement with a noun
CASE
 another grammatical category that may affect nouns or whole noun phrase
 in languages that employ inflectional category of case, nouns are
distinguished based on the function in sentences whether as subject,
possessor, direct object, indirect object, object of preposition, etc.
 Latin:
Singular
stella ‘star’ (F)
puer ‘boy’ (M)
Nominative
stella
puer
Genitive stellae
puerī
Dative
stellae
puerō
Accusative
stellam
puerum
Ablative
stellā
puerō
TENSE

A category of verbs; marking time (Present, Past, Future)
ASPECT – related to verbs, marking point of
speaking
Perfective ǫkáhtaʔt
‘I got full’
Imperfective
akáhtaʔs
‘I get full, I’m getting full’
VOICE - a category of inflection that allows different
noun phrases to be focused in sentences.
- The cat chased the mouse.
- The mouse was chased (by the cat).
MOOD & MODALITY – a category of verb, marking
speech act type and possibility.
e.g. Imperative
‘andjo-u
‘Wake up!’
ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S VERB
INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
1. The suffix –s functions in the Present Simple as the third
person marking of the verb : to work – he work-s
2. The suffix –ed functions in the past simple as the past
tense marker in regular verbs: to love – lov-ed
3. The suffixes –ed (regular verbs) and –en (for some regular
verbs) function in the marking of the past partciple and, in
general, in the marking of the perfect aspect:
To study studied studied / To eat ate eaten
4. The suffix –ing functions in the marking of the present
participle, the gerund and in the marking of the continuous
aspect: To eat – eating / To study - studying
ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S NOUN
INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
5. The suffix –s functions in the marking of the plural
of nouns
 dog – dogs
6. The suffix –s functions as a possessive marker
 Laura – Laura’s book.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE’S ADJECTIVE
INFLECTIONAL SUFFIXES
7. The suffix –er functions as comparative marker:
 quick – quicker
8. The suffix –est functions as superlative marker:
 quick - quickest
Conclusion
Inflectional
 Never changes category
 Do not change part of Speech
 Adds grammatical meaning
 Is important to syntax
 Is usually fully productive
Derivational
 Sometimes changes category
 Can change part of speech
 Often adds lexical meaning
 Produces new lexemes
 Can range from unproductive to fully
Productive
THANK
YOU 
REFERENCES
Lieber, Rochelle. Introducing Morphology. New York:
Cambridge University Press.2009
Yule, George. The Study of Language (fourth edition).
New York: Cambridge University Press.2010
Umich.edu. Inflection.pdf (online).
www.google.co.ig/url?q=http://www.umich.edu/~jlawle
r/Inflection.pdf&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwj3jNuxdnJAhVI9WMKHSExAGIQFggLMAA&usg=AFQjCNE6J
rcMFeyTFTJ6ynWhHKSPx2OsOA , accessed on
December 1st, 2015