History Notes:
- Marko Polo was responsible for opening the trade with orient; he visited
China form the years ​1271-1295
- 1498 ​- the sea route opened up in the east
- Islam was an unorthodox religion in Europe
- Arabs would usually do trades with orients, and were also responsible
for bringing in goods
- ‘​Reconquista​’ is the driving out of the morse (black muslims from the
iberian peninsula of spain) ​1491-1492
- 1498​ - Bartolomeu Dias - portuguese explorer
- Don Enrique - Portuguese pioneer, prince Henry’s navigator. He added
more information to the maps of Ptolemy.
- Spanish inquisition​ - Jews and Muslims were sent to the inquisition and
tortured until they accepted Christianity.
- Italy was the first port in Africa centered in the financial income.
- Europe wanted to eliminate the middle man. The point of going o Africa
was so that Arabs would be cut out of the deal and they would make the
profit.
- Barsoe Dagmar - passed beyond the cape of good to India
- Cartography​ - compilation of maps and charts
- A third sail was added rudder. The third sail is called the F
​ oremast
- Back then Arabs followed stars since there was no compass
- Marine’s jobs were to give an average of speed and distance.
- Ptolemy - he was known as the father of geography/cartography. He
compiles his understanding into a book; ‘A Guide to Geography’. He
also created a detailed map of the world and he believed the world was
round. He introduced lines of latitude and longitude.
- The purpose of a compass is for navigation of direction.
- The contribution to colonisation is that Europe’s superior materials;
body armor, gunpowder, swords and arquebuses (short pistols)
[musket]. They would usually pour gunpowder into the gun, then add
slugs. This process took long so they had a continuous lines of men.
Africans were threatened with canons in order to suppress them.
- Race for the est was between Spain and Portugal
- Reason for the race for the east was because the luxurious commodities .
They wanted to bring it in faster and cheaper.
- Because these goods were exuberants and only a certain class were able
to access those commodities became a target for robbers. Another reason
was to make these commodities more available to all classes.
- Three reasons why the sea route opened; 1- alternative route to reduce
time 2- increased more cargo 3- make these goods cheaper and
accessible.
- Christopher Coloumbus - born in Italy then moved to Lisbon, Portugal.
Inspired by the work Paolo Tuscanelli (Italian Geographer) Columbus
wa rejected by the Portugal King. He was patronarged. 7 years later,
they agree with Columbus partonarge. They were skeptical about the
concept. He was given three tips; Santa Maria, which was his flag ship.
Nina and Pinta, which were captain by the Pizonz Brother. He was given
100 prisoners as crewmates. He offered the the chase of freedom. One
condition between columbus and Spain was that any new land is to be
claimed as the ruling house of Castle Spain. After getting the Spanish
Monarchy, he received ration crew ships and if he returned successful he
would receive the title of, ‘Vice Roy’ which meant he would have control
over ships and one tenth of all the wealth he gets. Because Europe was
deep in chrsitianity and one tenth represents tides payed by Christians to
God. He left Spain to the Canary Islands.
- After figuring out China, Cathay is 5000 miles away from what he
wanted journey.
- La Palma - On August third 1492, the voyage undertook. 6-8 weeks
after the crew became agitated and planned t stop completely and leave
columbus. On 11th October 1492, a crewmate saw birds which were an
indicator for land.
(don’t mid the few line that don’t make sense. Just..don’t mind it. We’ll make
sense of it somehow)