Dynamics
The loudness and softness of sound
ff - Fortissimo or very loud
f - forte or loud
mf - Mezzo forte or medium loud
mp - Mezzo piano or medium soft
p - Piano or soft
pp - pianissimo or very soft
***All of these are in Italian***
More Dynamics…
Crescendo-Gradually Louder
Decrescendo/Diminuendo-Gradually Softer
Looks like a “hairpin”