ATOMS AND
ELEMENTS
CINDY DAVIS
GETTING THE IDEA
• MATTER – IS ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND
VOLUME. EVERYTHING AROUND YOU HAS
MATTER.
• ALL SUBSTANCES – EVERYTHING WE TOUCH, OWN,
AND OURSELVES ARE MADE UP OF DIFFERENT
TYPES OF MATTER
ATOMS
• ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER
• THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT
• TOO SMALL TO SEE ONLY WITH MAGNIFYING
GLASS
• https://cdn.studyisland.com/content/itn/media/cVid_48.
mp4
Exit Ticket – DRAW Atomic
Structure & DEFINE ATOM,
PROTON, ELEMENT, &
NEUTRON
Nucleus
• In the center of the atom and contains ONLY the protons
and neutrons
• Electrons – they orbit the nucleus and are in the electron
cloud
ELEMENTS
• MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM
• CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN BY CHEMICAL MEANS
• EX. HELIUM – ONLY HELIUM ATOMS
• SYMBOL – He
• HELIUM IS USUALLY A GAS.
Elements
• ELEMENTS ARE REPRESENTED BY:
• 1)CHEMICAL SYMBOLS
• 2) ATOMIC NUMBERS = PROTONS
• Ex. Carbon
Carbon Element/Atom- DRAW &
LABEL
DO NOT WRITE
ESSENTIAL QUESTION (EQ)
• HOW CAN YOU IDENTIFY AN ELEMENT?
PROPERTIES OF COMMON
ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
APPEARANCE
CARBON – C
NONMENTAL, DULL BLACK SOLID OR COLORLESS (DIAMOND)
COPPER – Cu
METAL, REDDISH IN COLOR, HAS A BRIGHT, SHINY APPEARANCE
GOLD – Ag
METAL, YELLOW IN COLOR (WHEN PURE) OR BLACK, PURPLE OR
RED WHEN SMALL AMOUNTS ARE PRESENT IN OTHER METALS,
SHINY
SILVER - S
METAL, WHITE METALLIC COLOR, SHINY
OXYGEN - O
NONMENTAL, COLORLESS AS A GAS, LIQUID FORM IS LIGHT
BLUE
HYDROGEN - H
GAS, COLORLESS, LIGHTEST GAS
Bellwork – 9/10/18
• 1. What are the characteristics an element?
• 2. How can the identity of an element be
determined?
• 3. What are the 3 subatomic particles of an
atom?
• Essential Question (EQ): What is a compound?
• Essential Question (EQ): What is a compound?
• . What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?
• Essential Question (EQ): What is a compound?
Agenda
•
•
•
•
1. Bellwork
2. Notes – Compounds & Pure Substances
3. Group - Build compounds using molecular model sets
4. Exit ticket - Login to Study Island – Go to NC
programs on the left margin, click 8th grade, Science
SCOS, click on:
• a.
Atoms 8.P.1.1; 8.P.1.2 – READ lesson review, and
complete QUIZ
• b.
YOU MUST MAKE 80% OR BETTER ON QUIZ –
Retake if necessary
Compounds
• PURE SUBSTANCES MADE UP TWO OR MORE
TYPES OF ELEMENTS
• CAN ONLY BE CHANGED INTO ELEMENTS BY
CHEMICAL MEANS
PURE SUBSTANCE
• Matter made up of only one kind of
material.
• CANNOT BE SEPARATED BY
PHYSICAL MEANS
• THERE ARE 2 MAIN TYPES OF
PURE SUBSTANCES
• 1. ELEMENTS
• 2. COMPOUNDS
• THERE ARE 2 MAIN TYPES OF PURE
SUBSTANCES
• 1. ELEMENTS
• 2. COMPOUNDS
GROUP – MOLECULAR SET
• BUILD COMPOUNDS OUT OF THE SETS
GIVEN
EXIT TICKET
• BRAINPOP – COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES
• VIDEO
• GRADED QUIZ
BELLWORK 9/11/18
1. Which of the following is an element?
A) HCl
B) NaCl
C) K
2. Which is a pure substance?
A) silver
B) peanuts
C) blanket
3. Which of the following is a compound?
A) Cl
B) Ti
C) CO
AGENDA
•
•
•
•
1. BELLWORK
2. BRAINPOP – SALT VIDEO & QUIZ
3. NOTES – 3 SLIDES
4. KAHOOT REVIEW
COMMON ELEMENTS
• CARBON (C )
• OXYGEN (O)
• SODIUM (Na)
GOLD (Au)
COPPER (Cu)
CALCIUM (Ca)
• CHLORINE (Cl)
• NITROGEN (N)
• SILVER (Ag)
IRON (Fe)
COMMON COMPOUNDS
• SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl) – TABLE SALT
• WATER (H𝟐O)
• GLUCOSE (sugar)(C6H12O6)
• CARBON MONOIXE (CO)
• CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
•
•
•
•
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCl)
AMMONIA (NH3)
HEMATITE (Fe2O3)
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
MOLECULE
• CAN BE USED TO DESCRIBE AN ELEMENT
OR COMPOUND.
Atoms & Their Parts
•
•
•
•
1. Nucleus
2. Protons
3. Neutrons
4. Electrons
• Ex. Carbon atom
NUCLEUS
• THE CENTER OF THE ATOM.
• CONTAINS:
• 1. PROTONS
• 2. NEUTRONS
CHARGE
• IS AN ELECTRICAL PROPERTY THAT CAN BE
EITHER:
• 1. POSITIVE OR
• 2. NEGATIVE
PROTONS
• CARRY A POSITVE (+) CHARGE
• ARE IN THE NUCLEUS!!!!!!!!!
ELECTRONS
• CARRY A NEGATIVE (-) CHARGE
• ARE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT EXIST OUTSIDE
THE NUCLEUS CALLED THE ELECTRON CLOUD
AND THEY ORBIT THE NUCLEUS
• NEVER, NEVER, NEVER IN THE NUCLEUS!!!!!!!!!
NEUTRONS
• HAVE NO CHARGE (ZERO CHARGE)
• IN THE NUCLEUS
CHARACTERISTICS OF
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
ATOMIC NUMBER
• IS THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM
• THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN NUCLEUS IS UNIQUE FOR EACH
ELEMENT
• NO TWO ELEMENTS HAVE THE SAME ATOMIC NUMBER
• THIS IS HOW AN ELEMENT’S IDENTITY IS DETERMINED BY THE
NUMBER OF PROTONS OF AN ELEMENT
• EX. CARBON HAS 6 PROTONS AND AN ATOMIC NUMBER OF 6
ATOMIC NUMBER = PROTONS
CARBON – HAS NO CHARGE
• THERE ARE 6 PROTONS AND 6
ELECTRONS IN CARBON.
• THEREFORE, CARBON IS NEUTRAL – IT
HAS NO OVERALL CHARGE
ION
• IF THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND ELECTRONS
ARE NOT EQUAL, THEN, THE ATOM HAS A CHARGE
• A CHARED ATOM IS CALLED AN ION
ATOMIC MASS
• ATOMS HAVE MASS
• THE ATOMIC MASS OF AN ATOM IS EQUAL TO THE TOTAL MASS
OF:
• 1. PROTONS
• 2. NEUTRONS
• 3. ELECTRONS
• YOU CAN FIND THE ATOMIC MASS BY COUNTING THE PROTONS
AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM
ATOMIC MASSES OF SOME
ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
PROTONS
NEUTRONS
ELECTRONS
ATOMIC MASS
CARBON (C)
6
6
6
12 amu
OXYGEN (O)
8
8
8
16 amu
SODIUM (Na)
11
12
11
23 amu
POTASSIUM (K)
19
20
19
39 amu
IRON (Fe)
26
30
26
56 amu
CHEMICAL SYMBOL
• IS A CODE, NORMALLY, COMPOSED OF ONE OR TWO LETTERS
• EX. C, O, Na, K, Fe, Ca
• C will always be Carbon
• O will always be Oxygen
• Na will always be Sodium
• K will always be Potassium
• Fe will always be Iron
• Ca will always be Calcium
PERIODIC TALBE OF
ELEMENTS
PERIODIC TABLE OF
ELEMENTS
• IS A CHART THAT ORGANIZES
INFORMATION ABOUT THE ELEMENTS
• ELEMENTS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES ARE
IN THE SAME COLUMN
• EACH ELEMENT IS ARRANGED IN ORDER
OF THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF THAT
ELEMENT
PERIOD
• IS EACH HORIZONTAL ROW IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
• PERIODS ARE NUMBERED FROM 1 TO 7
• THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF ELEMENTS
INCREASE FROM LEFT TO RIGHT
ACROSS A ROW
GROUP
• THE VERTICAL COLUMN IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE
• GROUPS ARE NUMBERED FROM 1 TO 18
• GROUPS ARE ALSO CALLED A CHEMICAL
FAMILY BECAUSE ELEMENTS IN THE
SAME GROUP NORMALLY HAVE SOME
SIMILAR PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTY
• IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BE OBSERVED
DIRECTLY OR MEASURED WITH A TOOL WITHOUT CHANGING
THE IDENTITY OF THE SUBSTANCE
• ELEMENTS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 GROUPS BASED ON THEIR
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• THESE 3 GROUPS ARE
• 1) METALS
• 2) NONMETALS
• 3) METALLOIDS
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE
OBSERVED WITHOUT CHANGING THE IDENTITY OF THE
SUBSTANCE.
• EXAMPLE: FLAMMABILITY IS A SUBSTANCE ABLILITY TO CATCH
FIRE. HYDROGEN (H) IS AN EXTREMELY FLAMMALBE ELEMENT
• OTHER FLAMMABLE ELEMENTS INCLUDE NONMETALS (UPPERRIGHT SECTION) – C, N, P
• WHEN THEY CATCH FIRE, THEY COMBINE WITH OXYGEN (O) TO
FORM NEW SUBSTANCES
REACTIVITY
• IS THE TENDENCY OF A SUBSTANCE TO
UNDERGO CHEMICAL CHANGES, OR
REACTIONS
• REACTIVITY IS AN IMPORTANT
CHEMICAL PROPERTY OF ELEMENTS
• THE MOST REACTIVE METALS ARE THE
ALKALI METALS IN GROUP 1 (NOT
INCLUDING H BECAUSE IT IS A GAS)
REACTIVITY – CONTINUED
• GROUP 2 - ALKALINE EARTH METALS,
ARE VERY REACTIVE BUT ARE SLIGHTLY
LESS REACTIVE AND HARDER THAN
GROUP 1 METALS
• THE REACTIVITY OF BOTH GROUP 1
AND GROUP 2 METALS INCREASES WITH
INCREASING ATOMIC NUMBER
REACTIVITY – CONTINUED
• GROUPS 3 – 12 ARE THE TRANSITION METALS.
• A PROPERTY OF THE TRANSITION ELEMENTS IS
THAT THEY OFTEN GIVE OFF CHARACTERISTIC
COLORS WHEN THEY REACT WITH OTHER
ELEMENTS
REACTIVITY – CONTINUED
• GROUP 17 – HALOGENS ARE
NONMETALS.
• THE HALOGENS ARE THE MOST
REACTIVE NONMETALS.
• REACTIVITY OF NONMETALS
GENERALLY INCREASES AS ATOMIC
NUMBER DECREASES
• EX. FLUORINE (F) HAS AN ATOMIC
NUMBER OF 9 AND IS THE MOST
REACTIVE NONMETAL AND ASTATINE
REACTIVITY – CONTINUED
• GROUP 18 – NOBLE GASES ARE THE LEAST
REACTIVE OF ALL ELEMENTS.
• NOBLE GASES ARE CONSIDERED INERT
(NONREACTIVE), OR UNABLE TO REACT
CHEMICALLY.
MOLECULES
• TWO OR MORE ATOMS CAN COMBINE TO FORM A MOLECULE
• A MOLECULE IS A GROUP OF 2 OR MORE ATOMS HELD
TOGETHER BY FORCES CALLED CHEMICAL BONDS.
• EXAMPLES: DIHYDROGEN OXIDE (WATER) AND CARBON
DIOXIDE – CHEMICAL NAMES
• CHEMICAL FORMULA – H20 AND CO2
WATER MOLECULE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=DAilC0sjvy0
• A WATER MOLECULE CONTAINS 2 H (HYDROGEN) ATOMS AND 1
O (OXYGEN) ATOM
• CHEMICAL NAME: DIHYDROGEN OXIDE
• CHEMICAL FORMULA: H2O
CARBON DIOXIDE
MOLECULE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=VOQzWLeZoEc
• A CARBON DIOXIDE MOLECULE CONTAINS 1 C
(CARBON) ATOM AND 2 O (OXYGEN) ATOMS.
• CHEMICAL NAME: CARBON DIOXIDE
• CHEMICAL FORMULA: CO2
MOLECULES
• To show the number of molecules, a coefficient is used in
front of the molecule.
• For example, three molecules of water are designated as:
• 3H2O
• This means there are a total of 6 H atoms and 3 O atoms in
the combination.
Compounds
• A compound is a pure substance that is made up o
more different types of atoms.
• Compounds can ONLY be separated by chemical m
• Ex. Carbon Monoxide – Chemical Name and CO is t
chemical formula
CHEMICAL FORMULA
• COMPOUNDS ARE IDENTIFIED BY CHEMICAL FORMULAS
• A CHEMICAL FORMULA IS A GROUP OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS AND
NUMBERS THAT SHOWS THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF EACH
ELEMENT IN A MOLECULE
• CHEMICAL FORMULA – CARBON DIOXIDE – CO2
• NUMBER 2 IN THE FORMULA IS CALLED THE SUBSCRIPT.
CHEMICAL FORMULA –
CONTINUED
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dihydrogen Oxide - (water -H2O)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Ammonia (NH3)
Ozone (O3)
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Glucose (sugar - C6H12O6)
Sodium Chloride (table salt - NaCl)
SUBSCRIPTS
• If there is more than one atom of an element in the molecule, the formula
uses a subscript after the symbol
• Ex. - CO2 - THE SUBSCRIPT SHOWS THAT THE MOLECULE
CONTAINS 2 ATOMS OF OXYGEN.
• THE C HAS NO SUBSCRIPT WHICH MEANS THAT THE MOLECULE
CONTAINS ONLY ONE ATOM OF CARBON
EXIT TICKET
• WRITE THE NUMBER BESIDE THE FOLLOWING
PREFIXES:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mono –
Di –
Tri –
Tetra –
Penta –
Hexa –
Hepta –
Octa –
Nona –
Deca-
MOLECULE VS. COMPOUND
• WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
MOLECULE AND A COMPOUND?
• COMPOUNDS HAVE AT LEAST 2 DIFFERENT
ATOMS/ELEMENTS. ALL COMPOUNDS ARE
MOLECULES. WHEREAS, MOLECULES CAN BE
DIFFERENT ATOMS OR THE
SAME ATOMS/ELEMENTS
• EX. COMPOUNDS – CO2
• EX. MOLECULES – CO2 OR H2
• H2 IS NOT A COMPOUND BECAUSE IT IS ONLY
COMPOSED OF A SINGLE ATOM.
2
Pure Substances
• A pure substance is a type of matter that is made up of only one
kind of material.
• 2 main types of pure substances:
• 1) Elements
• 2) Compounds
ELEMENTS – PURE
SUBSTANCES
Helium (He) gas
Nitrogen
Diatomic molecules of
COMPOUNDS – PURE
SUBSTANCES
Molecules of water
Molecules of carbon dioxide