Problem . To aid sedimentation in the primary settling tank, 25 mg/L of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is added to the wastewater. Determine the minimum alkalinity required to react initially with the ferrous sulfate. How many grams of lime should be added as CaO to react with Fe(HCO3)2 and the dissolved oxygen in the wastewater to form insoluble Fe(OH)3 ? Solution : FeSO4.7H2O + Ca(HCO3)2 -------- Fe(HCO3)2 + 7H2O 25 mg/L Ca(HCO3)2 = 25 x (1/1) x (MW Ca(HCO3)2 / MW FeSO4.7H2O) = 25 x (162/278) = 14.57 mg/L Alkalinity = 14.57 x (100/162) = 8.99 mg/L Alkalinity : mg/L CaCO3 HCO3- - pH less than 8.3 but more than 4.5 CO3- - pH greater than 8.3 - P Alkalinity OH- - pH greater than 8.3 - P Alkalinity P = ½ CO3-2 + OHM = HCO3- + CO3-2 + OHAlkalinity is 0 at pH lower than 4.5 FeSO4 .7H2O + Ca(HCO3)2 → Fe(HCO3)2 + 7H2O Fe(HCO3)2 = 25 x (MW Fe(HCO3)2/MW FeSO4 .7H2O) = 25 x (178/278) = 16.01 mg/L Fe(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 → Fe(OH)2 + 2CaCO3 + 2H2O 16.01 Ca(OH)2 = 16.01 x (2/1) x (MW Ca(OH)2/MW Fe(HCO3)2) = 16.01 x 2 x (74/178) = 13.31 mg/L CaO = 13.31 x (56/74) = 10.07 mg/L 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O → 4Fe(OH)3 Fe(OH)2 = 16.01 x (90/178) = 8.09 mg/L O2 = 8.09 x (1/4) x (32/90) = 0.72 mg/L