WHAT ALL THIS ABOUT
RESEARCH DESIGN
An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agens, Head, Technical Operations, Statswork
Group www.statswork.com
Email: info@statswork.com
TODAY'S DISCUSSION
Outline of Topics
Introduction
Essential Elements of Research Design
Research Design
Characteristics of Research Design
Two Major Groups in Research Design
Types of Research Design
Conclusion
Introduction
Research design is used to address the research topic effectively
as clear as possible.
In social science studies, the main function of research design is
to ensure the evidence obtained from a statistical test and to draw
inference accurately about the research problem.
Research Design
Research design is the art of selecting the relevant or suitable research
techniques by a researcher for the study.
A research design explains the types of research like experimental, descriptive,
sequential, explanatory, etc.
Every research design involves the following three steps; data collection, analysis
and data interpretation.
Research design will determine the type of research problem what an organisation
is facing.
Essential Elements of Research Design
It allows to identify the research problem unambiguously.
Literature review associated with the problem statement.
Framing the hypothesis clearly.
Description of data.
Techniques suitable for the Statistical Data Analysis and conclude whether the null
hypothesis framed is true or not.
Characteristics of Research Design
1. GENERALIZATION – Every researcher used to design for the sample data collection
and a proper research design should be suitable for general case.
2. VALIDITY – Selection of measuring tools is the important one and it should be
related to the objective in getting valid results.
3. NEUTRALITY – while setting up the study, we have to make certain assumptions
about the data to collect, that assumptions should not reflect bias in the research
design, and it should be neutral.
4. RELIABILITY – The research design should be a reliable one and it should deliver
standard results.
Two Major Groups in Research Design
The design of research is broadly classified into two major groups,
Qualitative and Quantitative.
Qualitative research identifies the relationship between the data and the
mathematical observations.
The Quantitative research make use of the statistical results to collect valid
and actionable perceptions.
Types of Research Design
1. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESIGN – Descriptive research is about describing the
situation under study. The process involves collecting, analysing and draw
conclusions from the collected data.
2. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Experimental research identifies the
relationship between the effect and cause of a problem situation.
3. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Correlation research is not like an
experimental design, it helps to examine the association between the two variables
under study.
4. EXPLANATORY RESEARCH DESIGN – Explanatory research design explores the
questions of type how, why and what research problems.
Contd..
5. CASE STUDY DESIGN – Case study design is used to study a particular problem
deeply than any other design.
6. CROSS - SECTIONAL DESIGN – A cross-sectional design is similar to the
correlational design but here we can identify the relationship between two or more
variables and also it measures the difference between the variables.
7. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN – The aim of this research is to generate new
ideas and develop new methodologies or theories to the audience.
8. LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH DESIGN – Longitudinal research design are conducted
when the data is collected or recorded repeatedly with regular intervals then the
longitudinal design can be used to study the phenomena.
Conclusion
Every research design is selected by the researcher according to the research
phenomena.
The main thing is to keep in mind in selecting the research design is that it should
minimise the error or bias and results in valid conclusion.
Errors can be occured in several stages of research say for example, there may be
few entries in the data is missing and few entries are wrongly recorded.
These are the essential points to validate before processing the data analysis.
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