Early Flood Warning System Using Ultrasonic Sensor and GSM Module By: Caniban, Reyman A. Duga, Richard Y. Gerodias, Eden Jean A. Nahine, King Carl Secretaria, Jiether C. Zamora, Ian Ric P. A Project Design Submitted to College of Engineering and Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Electronics Engineering Cor Jesu College 2020 I. Abstract II. Introduction Flood Monitoring and Early Warning A flood is an occurrence where water System is a “people-centered” system and submerges land that is normally dry. Floods empowers individuals and communities are a natural process that can be due to a threatened by hazards to act on sufficient number of factors and is affected by human time and in an appropriate manner to reduce activities. the possibility of personal injury, loss of life, intervals and no two floods are the same. damage to property, environment and loss of Sudden, heavy and intense precipitation can livelihood. These things lead to the cause floods to quickly rise in minutes or development of the device necessary for the hours followed by flash floods, and are protection of the community against flood typically associated with small catchment hazards as it allows people to get prepared areas. In large catchment areas, rainfall can with sufficient time. An alarm system was build up over hours, days or weeks. Many developed to monitor the water level on factors contribute to floods however the rivers that overflows during heavy rains. The main cause of floods is rainfall. When rain water level sensors were submerged in a pours over a catchment, some rainfall are canal of water to test the functionality of the captured‟ by soil, vegetation and water device before its installation. The study aims storages such as farms and dams. The rest in helping citizens to be prepared and flows downhill into waterways. The amount knowledgeable whenever there is a flood. and time the rainwater reach the waterways The innovation of this work falls under the are dependent on the characteristics of the utilization ultrasonic catchment, particularly its vegetation, shape, sensors, GSM module, web-monitoring and size, the way the land is utilized and the SMS early warning system in helping preceding weather conditions. of the Arduino, Floods happen at irregular stakeholders to mitigate casualties related to flood. This paper envisions helping floodprone areas which are common in the III. Philippines local Early flood warning systems according to communities in the province. Indeed, it is Grust (2008) are essential for the protection relevant and important as per needs for of the population against flood hazards as it safety and welfare of the community. allows people to get prepared. However, particularly to the Background of the Study early flood warning systems will not prevent IV. flooding. According to Perez et.al (2007), it Statement of the problem The heavy rain caused the Caños is a community-based flood warning system River to overflow, swamping the that can be used for disaster mitigation and following sections of the city: Zone disaster preparedness of the community 1, Cogon, Sinawilan, Dawis, Aplaya because and Tres de Mayo. it provides an early flood monitoring and warning services. Based on studies conducted, flood warnings should be Two rivers are connected to Caños River. accurate, informative, timely, targeted to appropriate audiences, trustworthy and reliable to enhance flood forecasting and warnings. In the Philippines, flood mitigation before the „90s was centered on flood control projects such as the construction of dikes or levees and other hydraulic structures. During the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction from 1990 to 1999, activities in flood mitigation shifted towards V. Hypothesis Flooding is unavoidable but early detection or warning system can be used to reduce overheads bared by the victims and the government. In most cases flood water level rise faster and less time is given for the people for their evacuation. Early detection helps the people around the flood prone locations to plan wisely according to the water level change by themselves. nonstructural measures. One of the several reasons why the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services VI. Definition of terms Administration promote this because the GSM Module - a chip or circuit that system helps the communities to protect themselves against floods. With early will warning the community are able to prepare communication between a mobile device in time so that its never been too late for or them to evacuate the area were river located a GSM or GPRS system. which may cause more casualties if it will flood. be a used computing to establish machine and Arduino Uno - an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This monitoring device is composed of Ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance of the water level, Arduino micro-controller that process the signal from the sensor, GSM Ultrasonic - generates the high- module to send the data or information from frequency sound (ultrasound) waves. When the micro-controller and a power source this ultrasound hits the object, it reflects as using Solar Panel, Regulator and Battery. echo which is sensed by the receiver Once a sensor is triggered, an output signal will be relayed to the micro-controller which serves as a switch that triggers the connected VII. Significance of the study GSM module to send an alert message or This research project aims to develop a flood water level status to another GSM modem monitoring and warning device to help in connected. Then, the developed program disaster mitigation and disaster preparedness installed in the GSM module will interpret for the barangays situated Caños River. and analyze the message received then automatically send a text message to the VIII. Methodology concern communities’ numbers stored in a Water level detection using ultrasonic sensor aims to monitor the rivers specifically the Caños River. and develop an database. Block Diagram SMS notification program through GSM module Power Source as an early warning system that provides essential information to the local communities. An SMS approach was used Ultrasonic Sensor Microcontroller for transmitting data from the monitoring GSM Module system, sending notification to the concern stakeholders. After the development of the prototype, the model had undergone several Water Level GSM Modem tests and experimentations to check the effectiveness of the system. Communities The use of GSM also presented in this paper for transmitting data and as mode of communication to the concern stakeholders of this project. Due to its simplicity and availability to the public now-a-days, it is very obvious that information dissemination can be easily achieved. Specifically, the study utilizes the use of SMS for the reason that aside for being the cheapest way to avail and transmit information in a remote area, it doesn’t require high data bandwidth. X. Conclusions The project envisions a safe, prepared and less casualty community before, during and after typhoon devastation. The model also promotes the use of real-time monitoring system through the developed SMS notification system as an easy medium in disseminating information particularly in the remote areas. By allowing the system in twoway communication, flexibility in it gives providing more important information to the community. Finally, the developed flood monitoring and early warning system that utilizes ultrasonic sensor to detect water level, functions perfectly according to the specification provided. It successfully passed several tests based on the different parameters. Reference [1]https://iopscience.iop.org/ https://www.ijera.com/ https://electronicsforu.com/resources/ https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/ https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/527953/flood https://www.electronicwings.com/sensorsmodules/ultrasonic-module-hc-sr04 Acknowledgement We would like to thank Mr. Raymund Gatoc, ECE for his extraordinary support in this study. We would also like to show our deepest gratitude to our fellow colleague for their support in those times we felt this project is far from possible. This project would have never been possible without the financial support of our parents. And so, this is for them.
