-85 percent of the population were peasants
-with little evidence of mechanization
-living conditions were basic
-no running water or electricity and mud-track roads
-most of peasantry lived on the edge of subsistence
-peasants did not own their own land, but rented in from
wealthy landlords who usually charged very high rents.
rural poverty
Economic
Urban poverty
-urban population remained tiny
-China ’s small industrial sector which constituted less
than 10 percent of China’s gross domestic product(
GDP)
-huge polarization in wealth between employers and
workers.
-most of peasantry lived on the edge of subsistence
-potential power to affect real change
Social division
Casualties
-A substantial change was that landlords were
removed from their position of power and persecuted
by local peasantry.
The civil war’s impact on social structure
the impact of the war of woman
Impact of War
-Foot binding
-Peasants found that they owned land for the first time
-woman were largely confined to the domestic duties of
childbearing and maintaining the household.
-improvement in the legal status and educational and
political opportunities for woman, but only affected only
the minority.
Distinct differences an ideas about male and female
roles in society persisted
Educational opportunities
-an increase in educational opportunities
economic impact of the war
-industrial production further weakened
GMD
Weakness of Political System
-destroyed and disrupted significant areas of
agricultural land
corrupt
Mao's rise to power
CCP opposition to Mao:Mao’s particular interpretation
of the dialectic put him at variance with the orthodox
communists.Mao was accused of‘reckless
adventurism’for assuming that the stages of proletarian
revolution could be skipped at will.
The odds of a CCP victory were initially very slim.The
GMD was recognized by other powers (including the
Soviet Union) as the legitimate government.
：
Persuasion and coercion
Chiang the Southern Anhui Incident
Chiang‘s leadership became increasingly dictatorial.
Chiang
The role of leaders
Futian incident
Mao
Jiangxi Soviet
（
Mao was dedicated to achieving a peasant revolution.
）
GMD
three principle of people GMD
1.nationalism
2.democracy
3.the People's welfare/livelihood
CCP
the ideology of the CCP The elimination of the
bourgeoisie, communist party to lead the people to
achieve the revolution nationalized
-absolute power Dictatorship of the proletariat
Ideology
（
（
，
）
）
Anti-landlord campaign
CCP
The ‘100 Flowers’ campaign
The Use of force propaganda
GMD
the Southern Anhui Incident
creating co-operative farms and then collective farm in
the 1950s.
-woman have the same rate of pay as men(no real
change to woman’s lives)