Biology chapter 20
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BBOU_10
Terms in this set (75)
What do viruses
living cells
depend on for their
reproduction?
How is viral
viruses make multiple copies of
reproduction different
themselves once inside of a cell,
from that of cell-
whereas cells go through cell division
based organisms?
and do not depend on another
organism
Describe lytic
virus enters a cell, makes copies of
infection.
itself, and causes the cell to burst
Describe lysogenic
a host cell is not immediately taken
/
infection.
over, but instead the viral nucleic acid
is inserted into the host cell's DNA,
where it is copied along with the host
DNA without damaging the host
How are lytic and
both ultimately lead to many infected
lysogenic infections
cells
similar?
How are lytic and
lytic infections immediately destroy
lysogenic infections
the host cell, but lysogenic infections
different?
does not
How is the structure
A virus is DNA or RNA covered in
of a virus different
capsid and some with an envelope,
from that of a cell?
whereas a cell consists of cell
organelles, cytoplasm, and a cell
membrane
Which two domains of
Bacteria and Archaea
life contain only
prokaryotes?
Which feature of the
the cell walls of bacteria contain
cell wall is
peptidoglycan
characteristic of
/
bacteria but not
archaea?
Which category of
photoheterotroph
prokaryote is the
most flexible in the
energy sources it can
use?
List three ecological
decomposers, producers, and
roles played by
consumers
prokaryotes
Why are nitrogen-
they provide 90% of the nitrogen
fixing bacteria so
used by other organisms
important?
Why do farmers
some plants contain Rhizobium in
practice "crop
their roots, which converts nitrogen in
rotation"?
the air into the nitrogen compounds
essential for plant growth
How do viruses cause
bacteria cause diseases by destroying
disease?
living cells or by releasing chemicals
that upset homeostasis
/
Are vaccines effective
before because they prompt the
before or after
body to produce immunity to a
infection?
specific disease
How does the
viral diseases cannot be treated with
treatment of viral
antibiotics
diseases contrast with
the treatment of
bacterial diseases?
Why are emerging
they are particularly threatening since
diseases of particular
humans have little or no resistance to
concern?
them and no way to control it
Why are "superbugs"
They are resistant to whole groups of
difficult to control?
antibiotics
What actions can be
don't come into contact with others,
taken to help combat
don't share personal items, cover
the evolution of
coughs and sneezes
"superbugs"?
Bacteria and archaea
the makeup of their cells walls.
differ in
/
Escherichia coli is
a bacterium.
classified as
Which of the
Archaea follow the lytic cycle, while
following is NOT a
bacteria follow the lysogenic cycle.
way in which archaea
and bacteria differ?
Which of the
methane producers
following may be
members of the
kingdom Archaea?
Which of the
facultative anaerobes
following can survive
either with oxygen or
without it?
Some prokaryotes are
endospores.
able to survive
unfavorable
conditions by forming
What three
by shape, how they move, and how
characteristics are
they get energy
/
used to classify
prokaryotes?
Where are you likely
near the surfaces of lakes and streams
to find a
photoautotroph?
During an
chemoautotrophs.
experiment, a scientist
observed prokaryotes
that lived near
volcanic vents deep
in the ocean. The
scientist most likely
observed
During what process
conjugation
do prokaryote
exchange genetic
information?
What would be a
Organisms would not be able to get
direct consequence
the nutrients they need to make
of the disappearance
proteins.
of nitrogen fixing
prokaryote?
Prokaryotes that
decomposers.
break down dead
/
organisms and wastes
are called
Nitrogen fixation
fertilizer.
involve each of the
following EXCEPT
Which of the
food for other oragnisms
following is NOT
produced when
prokaryotes break
down sewage?
Which of the
to form a symbiotic relationship and
following is NOT a
obtain ammonia
way in which humans
rely on prokaryotes ?
Biologists think that
heat stable enzymes.
prokaryotes living in
extreme environments
may be a good
source of
The outer protien
capsid.
coat of a virus is
called a
/
What 3 materials
proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
make up many
viruses?
Proteins in the viral
bind the virus to the surface of a host
capsid or on the
cell.
surface membrane
function to
The instructions for
coded in either RNA or DNA.
making new copies of
a virus are
What is the basic
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein
structure of a virus?
coat
Viruses vary greatly in
size and structure.
Which of the
obtain and use energy
following
characteristics of
living things is NOT
true about viruses?
A lytic infection
concludes with the
bursting of the host cell.
/
A prophage is made
viral DNA.
of
Bacteriophages infect
bacteria.
Unlike lytic viruses,
lyse the host cell right away.
lysogenic viruses do
NOT
During a lytic
is destroyed when it bursts.
infection, the host cell
How do bacteria
by destroying cells and releasing
cause disease?
toxins
Bacteria that cause
pathogens (germs)
disease are called
Which of the
allowing foods to cool completely
following will NOT
before refrigerating
prevent many
bacterial infections?
/
Which of the
AIDS
following diseases is
NOT caused by a
bacterium?
An unknown disease
an emerging disease.
or a well known
disease that suddenly
becomes harder to
control is called
Which of the
emerging diseases can only be
following is NOT a
controlled by vaccines.
reason emerging
disease are especially
dangerous to human
health?
What might people
They should use antibiotics only when
do to prevent the
necessary.
development of more
superbugs?
Scientists think that
T
archaea may be the
ancestors of
eukaryotes. If this is
true, then archaea
/
and eukaryotes share
a common ancestor
that is (more) recent
than the common
ancestor of archaea
and bacteria.
Many (archaea) live in
T
harsh environments,
such as hot springs.
Prokaryotes are
F-membrane-bound organelles
different from
(nucleus)
eukaryotes because
prokaryotic cells lack
(DNA).
Photosynthetic
T
prokaryotes are
important (producers)
in ecosystems.
Through genetic
T
engineering, bacteria
can be used to
synthesize (drugs).
/
Most viruses can
F-specific cell types
infect (a wide range
of cell types).
In a (lysogenic)
T
infection, host cells
can make copies of
viral DNA for many
generations.
Bacteria can cause
T
disease by releasing
(toxins) into the body.
(An emerging
T
disease) is a new
disease or a wellknown disease that
suddenly becomes
hard to control.
(An antibiotic) is a
F-vaccine
preparation of
weakened or killed
virus or viral proteins.
/
Like viruses, (prions)
T
are nonliving and can
cause disease.
Prokaryotes that carry
photoautotrophs
out photosynthesis in
a manner similar to
that of plants are
called ___________.
The process by which
nitrogen fixation
prokaryotes change
nitrogen gas to a form
that plants can use is
called _____________.
Prokaryotes that
decomposers
break down dead
organisms in an
ecosystem are called
________________.
Viruses are not
reproduce without a host cell
considered to be
alive because they
cannot ________________.
/
In a lysogenic
prophage
infection, the viral
DNA that is
embedded in a host
cell's DNA is called a
(an) __________.
French chemist Louis
germ theory of disease
Pasteur helped
establish the
________________ when he
showed that bacteria
were responsible for
a number of illnesses.
West Nile virus, drug -
emerging disease
resistant tuberculosis,
and MRSA are
examples of
______________which pose
a threat to human
health because
humans have little
resistance to these
diseases.
An animal that is
prions
infected by
/
_______________ will
eventually die
because so many of
these particles
accumulate in brain
cells that the cells are
damaged.
Scrapie, an infectious
prions
disease in sheep, is
caused by a (an)
_____________________.
________________ can
Viruses
disrupt cellular
homeostasis and can
even lead to
uncontrolled cell
division and the
formation of cancers.
/