Acids
Lesson 7
Application of Hydrolysis
Application of Hydrolysis
Tums
CaCO3
Basic Salt
neutralizes stomach acid
CaCO3
⇄
Ca2+
+
CO32-
CO32- +
HCl

HCO3-
+
Cl-
HCO3- +
HCl

H2CO3
+
Cl-
Salt and Vinegar Potato Chips
CH3COOH
NaCH3COO(s)
C3H5O3COOH(s)
H3C6H5O7(s)
NaCH3COO
CH3COO-
Acetic acid
Sodium acetate
Malic acid
Citric acid
 Na+ +
CH3COO-
+ H2O ⇄ CH3COOH
+
OH-
Malic and Citric acid lowers the [OH-], shifting right making more vinegar.
Classify each formula and write an equation.
strong acid
weak base
weak acid
acid anhydride
strong base
basic anhydride.
HClO4
Strong acid
HClO3  H+
SO2
Acid Anhydride
SO2
H2SO3
Ca(OH)2
Strong Base
+ ClO4-
+ H2O
⇄
Ca(OH)2 
 H2SO3
H+ + HSO3Ca2+ +
2OH-
Classify each formula and write an equation.
strong acid
weak base
weak acid
acid anhydride
strong base
basic anhydride.
⇄
H+ + HCO3-
H2CO3
Weak Acid
H2CO3
BaO
Basic Anhydride
BaO + H2O  Ba(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
 Ba2+ +
2OH-
Classify each formula and write an equation.
strong acid
weak base
NaCN
weak acid
acid anhydride
Basic Salt
strong base
basic anhydride.
NaCN  Na+ + CNCN- + H2O
⇄ HCN +
OH-
 K+ + Cl-
KCl
Neutral Salt
KCl
CrCl3
Acid Salt
CrCl3  Cr3+ + 3ClCr(H20)63+ ⇄ H+ + Cr(H20)5(OH)2+
The pH Scale
Water ionizes to a small degree.
H2O(l)
⇄
H+
+
OH-
2H2O(l)
⇄
H3 O+
+
OH-
1.0
x 10-14
Kw
=
[H+][OH-]
=
[H+] and [OH-] are inversely related!
@ 250 C
1.
Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in 1.0 M HCl.
HCl 
1.0 M
H+
+
1.0 M
Cl1.0 M
[H+][OH-]
[1.0][OH-]
[OH-]
=
=
=
x 10-14
x 10-14
x 10-14 M
1.0
1.0
1.0
Note that in acid solution the [H+] is large and the [OH-] is small.
2.
Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in 1.0 M Ba(OH)2.
Ba(OH)2

1.0 M
[H+][OH-]
[H+][2.0]
[H+]
Ba2+
+
1.0 M
=
=
=
1.0
1.0
5.0
2OH2.0 M
x 10-14
x 10-14
x 10-15 M
In a basic solution the [OH-] is very large and the [H+] is very
small!
3.
Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in H2O.
⇄
H2 O
H+
+
x
x
[H+][OH-]
=
1.0
x 10-14
x2
=
1.0
x 10-14
[H+]
=
1.0
[OH-]
=
OH-
x 10-7 M
Note that in pure water that the [H+] and the [OH-] are equal!
4. The pH scale has three important end points.
pH
0
Strong Acid
1.0 M HCl
7
Neutral
H2O
14
Strong Base
1.0 M NaOH
or
NaCl
A
B
C
7
pH 0
5.
D
E
14
Match each letter with a formula. All are 1 M.
NH3
weak base
D
HCl
strong acid
A
KOH
strong base
E
HF
weak acid
B
H2 O
neutral
C