QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
ALCATEL EXCHANGE
BOOK – 1
(THEORY)
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
2
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
LOCATION
Alcatel 1000 El0 is the digital switching system developed by Alcatel CIT.
Multi-application, Alcatel 1000 El0 could be used for the entire range of switch,
from the smallest local exchanges to the largest transit gateway switches.
It adapts to every type of habitat, from dense urban environment, to sparsely
populated areas, and to every type of climate, from polar regions to the hot and
humid climates of Equatorial Africa and the tropics.
System operation and maintenance can be local or common to several switches, or
both at the same time.
Alcatel 1000 El0 provides all modern communication services: Basic Telephony,
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Centrex, digital cellular
radiotelephony and all the Intelligent Network applications.
It handles all accepted signalling systems in a current total of over 80 countries
and is built in accordance with recognized international standards. Alcatel CIT
actively contributes to definition of those standards.
3
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SYSTEM APPLICATIONS (NON-EXHAUSTIVE LIST)
Remote subscribers unit.
Local subscribers exchange
Transit exchange (local, trunk or international gateway).
Hybrid local/transit exchange.
Tandem exchange.
Centrex (private or public).
Fig: 1 Alcatel 1000 E10 location in the telephone network
S:
L:
TR:
CID:
CIA:
CTI:
Remote line unit
Local subscriber exchange
Transit exchange
Outgoing international exchange
Incoming international exchange
International transit exchange
4
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
EXTERNAL INTERFACES
1
Subscriber line with 2, 3 or 4 wires
2
ISDN basic access at 144 kbit/s (2B + D)
3
ISDN primary access at 2 Mbit/s (30B + D)
4 and 5
Standard PCM (2 Mbit/s, 32 channels, CCITT G732)
6 and 7
Analogue or digital data link with 64 kbit/s or standard PCM
8
Digital link with 64 Kbit/s (X25 protocol, Q3 interface) or analogue link with rate of
< 19.200 bauds (V24 protocol)
SERVICES PROVIDED
Calls Handled
The Alcatel 1000 El0 handles telephone calls from or to the national and international public
switched telephone network. It also transfers data between its ISDN subscribers as well as to
and from the packet switched network.
These calls include:
- local calls (private, public),
- regional calls: outgoing, incoming, transit,
- national calls: outgoing, incoming, transit,
- international calls: automatic or semi-automatic, outgoing or incoming,
- manual calls (operator assisted) : outgoing, incoming,
- server calls (intelligent network concept),
- outgoing calls to special services,
- test calls.
5
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Subscribers Facilities
S.No
DESIGNED FACILITY
01 Abbreviated Dialing
USE
DESCRIPTION
x Possibilities for a subscriber to make a call by
dialing a short code (1 to 3 digits) instead of the full
telephone numbers.
02 Immediate Fixed Destination Call
x A call can be setup to a registered number by lifting
the hand set only.
03 Fixed Destination Call With TimeOut
04 Automatic Alarm Call
05 Forwarded Call
06 Out-Going Call Restriction
07 Absent Subscriber
08 Full Diversion To Fixed
Announcement
x A call can be setup to a registered number by lifting
the handset within a period of 5 sec. During the 5
sec period the subs can make normal call.
x Possibilities for a subscriber to re-route a incoming
call to his number to another number.
x Possibilities for a subscriber to be called by the
exchange on a specified time (hours minutes)
within the next 24 hours.
x Possibilities for barring certain o/g direction from a
subscriber the barred directions are prescribed by
the administration.
- Possibilities for a subs to have i/c call automatically
diverted.
(A) Redirection to announcing machine or
special tone.
(B) Redirection an operator.
- Possibilities to subscriber to divert incoming calls
to an operator.
09 Registered Call
x Possibilities for a subscriber to repeat the last call,
on busy call or no answer, by dialing a short code.
10 Call Waiting
x Possibilities for an engaged subscriber to receive an
indication that a caller is attempting to obtain
connection to his number.
x Possibilities for activating a subscriber’s call
charge meter by 12 kHz or 16 kHz signal.
11 Subscriber Call Charge Meter
12 Printed Records On Duration And
Charge Call
x Possibility of controlling of charging
incrementation.
13 Detailed billing
* overseas calls
• National calls
• local calls
14 Conference Calls
(three party service)
x Detail billing is provided for all type of overseas
and national calls as per request of the
subscriber/settlement of excessive billing cases.
- Possibility for an engaged subs to hold existing
calls and make a call to a third party. The
subscriber can then switch between the two calls.
(call alternation), release either or set a conference
between all 03 parties.
6
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
15 Malicious Calls
16
Outgoing Only Line
17
Incoming Only Line
18 Subscriber Group Line
19 Priority Line
20 Do Not Disturb
x Malicious calls identification
• The feature enables the identity of the
calling party to be established when
requested by the called party.
• the service can be initiated by 2 procedures
automatically by each call.
• At the request of the subscriber receiving a
malicious call.
x Possibility for a administration to prevent all
incoming calls form a telephone line.
x Possibility for the administration to prevent all
outgoing calls from a telephone line.
x Possibility for a grouping together several
subscribers lines into lists (or line group). These are
assign to a designation no called “group desig no”.
x Possibility to allocate a priority to a sub so that in
case of congestion, call originated by him is
processed earlier than the lower priority calls.
Four levels of priority are available.
• class 0 (subscriber without priority).
• class 1 subscriber with priority).
• class 2 (V.I.P. Subscriber).
• class 3 (national operators).
x Possibilities for a subs to have i/c call automatically
diverted to a special tone or an announcement.
OPERATION/MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS
Management/supervision of incidents: monitoring following complaint, automatic
testing of lines and of circuits, display of alarms, precise location of faults, calls
statistics, intelligent terminal operation.
Supervision of operation: single subscribers, subscribers groups, additional services,
subscriber’s equipment, exchange command, translation, routing, charging, Number 7
signalling.
Management of charges and of deductions: LAMA/CAMA, domestic meters, detailed
billing, centralisation of accounts, coins box, time zones, etc.
Monitoring of exchange performance: result of metering (traffic, subscriber lines,
metering pulse, translation, call timers and event meters.), consistency of charging data.
Security mechanism: passwords for workstations and for the operator, non-authorized
entry detection.
- LAMA: Local Automatic Message Accounting
- CAMA: Centralized Automatic Message Accounting
7
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
GENERAL PERFORMANCE DATA
Performance of any switching system is highly dependent on it’s environment (call mix,
conditions of operation). The capacities given below are given for information purposes, based
on an average reference environment.
Maximum processing capacity of the system is 280 CA/s, under CCITT B load system (Q 543)
i.e. 1,000,000 BHCA.
The connection capacity of the host switching matrix ranges up to 2048 PCM, which permits:
- up to 25,000 Erlang to be handled (on CCITT B load (Q 543)),
- up to 200,000 subscribers to be connected,
- up to 60,000 circuits to be connected.
In addition, the system possesses sophisticated regulation mechanisms which make it possible to
avoid saturation in the event of an exceptional overload. These mechanisms, which are
distributed at the level of each system resource, are based on metering of the number of calls
presented and accepted, and also on observations of processors load (occupancy rate, number of
items in queue).
8
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
9
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
GENERAL FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
The Alcatel 1000 El0 system is located at the heart of the telecommunication networks
concerned. It is made up of three independent functional units:
The ‘Subscriber Access Subsystem” which carries out connection of analogue and digital
subscriber lines,
“Connection and Control” which carri9s out connections and processing of calls,
“Operation and Maintenance” which is responsible for all functions needed by the
network operating authority.
Each functional unit is equipped with softwares which are appropriate for handling the functions
for which it is responsible.
Figure 1: General Functional Breakdown of Alcatel 1000 El0
OCB 283 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
Time Base (BT)
The BT ensures times distribution for LR and PCM synchronization and working out the
exchange clock.
Time distribution is tripled.
Time generation can be either autonomous or slaved to an external rhythm view to synchronize
the system with the network
10
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Host Switching Matrix (SMX)
The SMX is a square connection matrix with a single time stage, T, duplicated in full, which
enables up to 2048 matrix links (LR) to be connected.
A matrix link LR is an internal PCM, with 16 bits per channel (32 channels).
The MCX can execute the following:
1) an unidirectional connection between any incoming channel outgoing channel. There can be
as many simultaneous connections there are outgoing channels. It should be remembered that a
connection consists of allocating the information contained within an incoming to an outgoing
channel,
2) connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels
3) connection of N incoming channels belonging to one frame structure of any multiplex to N
outgoing channels which belong to the same frame abiding to the integrity and sequencing of the
frame received. This is referred to as “connection with N x 64 kbit/s”
The MCX is controlled by the COM function (matrix switch controller) to ensure the:
set up and breakdown of the connections by access to the matrix command memory.
This access is used to write at the output T.S. address the incoming T.S. address
defence of the connections. Security of the connections in order to ensure a good data
switching.
11
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
PCM Controller (URM)
The URM provides the interface between external PCMs and the OCB283
These PCM come from either:
a remote subscriber digital access unit (CSND) or from a remote electronic satellite
concentrator (CSED),
another switching centre, on channel-associated signalling or CCITT No. 7
the digital recorded announcement equipment.
In particular, the URM carries out the following functions.
HDB3 conversion to binary (PCM  matrix link).
binary conversion to HDB3 (matrix link PCM),
extraction and pre-processing of the channel-associated signalling of T.S 16 (PCM command),
transmission of channel-associated signalling in T.S 16 (command PCM)
Auxiliary Equipment Manager (ETA)
The ETA supports:
the tone generators (GT)
the frequency receiving and generation (RGF) devices
conference circuits (CCF)
the exchange clock.
12
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
CCS7 protocol handler (PUPE) and CCS7 controller (PC):
CCITT No. 7 protocol
processing
For connection of 64 kbit/s No. 7 signalling channels, semi permanent connections are
established via the connection matrix, to the PUPE which processes the CCITT No. 7 protocol.
More precisely, the PUPE function carries out the following
“signalling channel” Level 2 processing,
the “message routing” function (part of Level 3)
The PC carries out:
the “network management” function (part of Level 3),
PUPE defence,
various observation tasks which are not directly linked to CCITT No 7
Call Handler (MR)
The MR is responsible for establishment and breaking off of communications.
The call handler takes the decisions necessary for processing of communications in terms of the
signalling received, after consultation of the subscriber and analysis database manager (TR). The
call handler processes new calls and hanging-up operations, releases equipment, commands
switching on and switching off etc.
In addition, the call handler is responsible for different management tasks (control of tests of
circuits, sundry observations).
Subscriber and analysis database manager (TR) (TRANSLATOR)
The TR function carries out management of the ana1yses, subscribers and circuit groups
database.
The TR supplies the call handler, on request from it, with subscribers and circuits characteristics
necessary for establishing and breaking off communications. The TR also ensures match
between the dialing received and the addresses of circuit groups or subscribers (pre-analysis,
analysis, translation functions)
Call charging and traffic Measurement (TX)
The TX function carries out charging for communications.
TX is responsible for:
calculating the amount to be for each communication.
keeping the charge account of each subscriber served by the switching centre,
supplying the necessary information for drawing up detailed billing to the OM.
In addition, TX carries out tasks of observation of (circuits and subscribers observation).
Matrix System Handler (GX)
13
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The GX function is responsible for processing and for defence of connections on receipt of:
requests for connection or disconnection coming from ca handler (MR) or message
distributor functions (MQ),
connection faults signalled by the matrix switch controller function (COM).
In addition, the GX carries out monitoring of certain links of the exchange connection
subsystem (access links LA and links internal to the host switching matrix LCXE), periodically
or on request from certain links.
Message Distributor (MQ)
The MQ function is responsible for distribution and formatting of certain internal messages but,
above all, it carries out.
supervision of semi-permanent connections (“data links’),
processing and transmission to and from the ETA and GX of certain MR messages.
In addition the stations supporting the MQ function act as a gateway for messages between the
communication multiplexes.
Communication Multiplex
On to five communication multiplexes are used to transmit messages from one station to
another. This transfer of messages is carried out by only one type of medium, the TOKEN
RiNG, with a unique protocol which is processed in accordance with IEEE 802.5 Standard.
Single Multiplex (COMPACT configuration):
it is then referred to as the Interstation Multiplex (MIS).
More than one dedicated Multiplex:
1 Interstation Multiplex (MIS) for interchanges between the command functions, or
between the command functions and operation and maintenance software (OM),
from 1 to 4 Station Access Multiplex (MASs) for interchanges between the connection
functions (URM, COM, ETA, PUPE) and the command functions.
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTION (OM)
The functions of the operation and maintenance subsystem are carried out by the operation and
maintenance software (OM).
The operating authority accesses all hardware and software equipment of the Alcatel 1000 El0
system via computer terminals belonging to the operation and maintenance subsystem: consoles,
magnetic media, intelligent terminal. These functions can be grouped into 2 categories:
operation of the telephone application,
operation and maintenance of the system.
In addition, the operation and maintenance subsystem carries out:
14
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
loading of softwares and data for connection and command units and for the subscriber
digital access units,
temporary backup of detailed billing information,
centralization of alarm data coming from connection and control stations, via alarm
rings,
central defence of the system.
Finally, the operation and maintenance subsystem permits two way communication with
operation and maintenance networks, at regional or national level (TMN).
15
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
SMC:
Main Control Station
SMA:
Auxiliary Equipment Control Station
SMT:
Trunk Control Station
SMX:
Matrix Control Station
SMM:
Maintenance Station
STS:
Synchronization and Time Base Station
SOFTWARE MACHINE (ML)
This is a software set (programs + data) which can be fitted on a SM and which carries out a
specific function.
One ML = a hypervisor-controlled execution unit.
One ML = a loadable unit.
A ML has an internal organization (system + application) which is unknown by the hypervisor
and the other ML.
16
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The ML is characterized by:
a type:
Which identifies the ML function. (e.g: TR is the ML which ensures the translator
function). In function of the exchange load and also for defence purposes, one type of
ML can have more than one example (e.g: 2 MLTR).
a system address:
For each ML there is one system address (AS). This address is used to identify the ML in
the system.
one or two archives:
system archive
site archive
one SM support:
In each station, an assignment file gives the addresses of the physical stations which
support each ML.
a status.
LIST OF SOFTWARE MACHINES
MR:
Call Handler - Establishment and breaking off of communications
TR:
Subscriber and Analysis Database Manager - Analysis, routings, circuit groups, circuits
and subscriber database
TX:
Call Charging and Traffic Measurement - charging for communications, observation of
circuits and subscribers, charging timetable and charge accounts
MQ: Message Distributor - Distribution of messages to the PCM Controller and Auxiliary
Equipment Manager, configuration of connection subsystem
GX:
Matrix System Handler - Management of the central connection subsystem
PUPE: CCS7 Protocol Handler - Processing of No. 7 protocol, management of statuses of No. 7
circuits, switching of subscriber digital access unit messages
PC:
CCS7 Controller - Management of No. 7 network, defence of CCS7 protocol handler
software machines, traffic observations (meters)
OC:
OM Message Router - Switching of messages relating to the operation and maintenance
software, access to operation and maintenance software
URM: PCM Controller - management of channel-associated signaling and of PCM of
distant CSN and CSE
ETA: Auxiliary Equipment Manager - Management of statuses of auxiliaries
COM: Matrix Switch Controller - Establishing, supervising and breaking off connections
17
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SM:
Control of Station - System functions. Configuration of processor stations
CSN: Subscriber Digital Access Unit - Management, of statuses of subscribers, management of
the subscriber digital access unit machine
CSE: Electronic Satellite Concentrator - Management of statuses of subscribers, management
of the electronic satellite concentrator machine
OM: Operation and Maintenance Software - Operation and maintenance functions. Archival
storage
18
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
REDUNDANCY
Redundancy at the SM and ML level
OCB 283 redundancy depends on the type of SM station and the ML supported by that station:
SMC
- ML TX, TR and MQ
2 ML, supported by different SMCs and work in load sharing mode.
- MLMR
n ML, supported by different SMCs and working in load sharing mode.
- MLGX
2 MLs are provided. Each ML can provide the connection management function and the
connection defence function. Redundancy is:
connection management: 2 ML GX working in load sharing mode,
defence of connections: one ML GX active on one SMC and one ML GX standby on the
other SMC.
- MLPC
One SMC supports the active ML PC and an another SMC supports the standby ML PC.
The standby ML PC is updated permanently.
- Standby SMC
One SMC could be used as a backup station. This station is equipped to be capable of
replacing any SMC.
The activation of the standby SMC corresponds to a station initialization. During the
backup station initialization, the traffic is processed by the other SMC. At the end of the
initialization, the full capacity of processing is restored on the exchange.
SMA
- MLPUPE:
Redundancy (n+1) that means n SMA with the active ML PUPE and one SMA which
supports the standby ML PUPE. Software and semi-permanent data are already loaded
on the standby ML PUPE. The ML PUPE switchover is done in real time (circuit
statuses). When the faulty SMA is repaired and put in service, the PUPE supported by
this station is now the standby PUPE.
- MLETA
RGF (Frequencies sender/receiver) and CCF (conference circuit):
Redundancy (n + 1) that means than (n + 1) ML supported by SMA are working in load
sharing mode. The over dimensioning of the ETA prevents a degraded working of the
exchange when one is out of service.
GT (Tone generator):
Fully duplicated. The two first SMA contain the tone generators. One GT in service is
enough for the exchange.
SMT
19
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
- SMTIG:
The SMT1 G is fully duplicated and work in active/reserve mode. In case of serious
fault, the SMTI G can request itself for a switchover.
- SMT2G (Fully duplicated logics)
The SMT is working in load sharing mode with 0% of load on one sub-system and 100
% on the other subsystem. During a soft switchover, the traffic will pass progressively
from one subsystem to the other.
The ICTRQ card processes 4 PCMs. Each PCM is processed by physically independent
material. A fault on one PCM module causes the unavailability of this PCM during the
intervention and repair time and the unavailability of the other 3 PCMs during the card
repair time.
SMX
The SMX is fully duplicated. The connection defence is done by association of specific
mechanisms (connection defence and SM defence).
SMM
The SMM (with the OM function) is duplicated and works in active/reserve mode. The
SMM is independent for it’s defence function (faults processing restarting). It’s
duplicated structure is unknown by the other stations. The total inaccessibility of the OM
has no effect on the call processing. The SMM has 2 hard disk working in mirror mode
(writing on both disk and reading on one).
Multiplex Redundancy
One multiplex is done by 2 rings working in load sharing mode. The access to the 2 physical
rings is managed by a protocol which allows, in case of a problem on one ring, to handle all the
traffic.
Power Supply Redundancy
The power supply distribution in each SM station is done by 2 converters. The non duplicated
boards (SMM coupler boards, PCM interface in the SMT) are supplied by converters equipped
in (n+ 1).
Time Base Distribution Redundancy
The STS (Time base station and synchronization) is done by 3 oscillator boards. Each oscillator
board sends the time base signals to the SMX. In the SMX a <<Majority Logic>> selection is
done on the 3 time base signals.
20
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
DEFENCE ARCHITECTURE
Principle
The elements to be protected in the system are the SM stations and the communication
multiplexes.
The main defence principles are:
1) At the SM level:
Self detection of faults,
Hierarchical organization of the detection responsibility in the SM,
Supervision of the SM by it’s environment (the other SMs) and centralization of the
accusation for correlation,
If a break down appears in one station, the fault will stay in this station without
disturbing the other stations,
In case of a serious fault, one SM can set itself to the block status,
An SM station has a status, characterizing its fitness to handle traffic. This status is
known by the other stations,
An SM is reconfigurable unit: in case of breakdown, its functions will be reallocated to
another SM.
2) At the communication level:
A multiplex (MIS or MAS) is constituted of 2 rings (A and B) and self-protected,
3 levels of protection:
a) SM level: by the access protocol,
b) Ring level: by equipment located in the adaptators,
c) System level: by the ring manager.
The result of those protections should disconnect the faulty adaptator in case of fault.
Defence function allocation
The allocation of the defence responsibility in the system:
- Decentralization of the fault detection in the station,
- Centralization of the function which needs a global view of the system (management).
The 0GB 283 defence functions can be divided in:
1) a common core of mechanism identical for all the SMs (independently of the SM type)
included:
21
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
- local defence on each SM:
fault detection
minor or serious fault warning and self-positioning if serious fault.
- central defence in the OM:
* stations management:
SM working supervision
a positioning (broadcasting of the new status of the SM)
maintenance (initialisation, hardware test, alarm),
system general re-initialisation.
* ring management:
working supervision
positioning
maintenance.
* management of the PCM terminations (ending) SMT2G
working security observation,
termination alarms.
termination fault processing.
2) Specific mechanism in function of the type of redundancy used and the function processed:
defence of the connections (MLGX),
CCITT N°7 network management (MLPC).
22
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS
Small (P) configuration
Performance Data 36 CA/S = 130,000 BHCA
23
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Medium configuration
Configuration Ml
Performance data: 72 TA/S = 260.000 BHCA
Configuration M3
24
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Performance data 108 TA/S = 385.000 BHCA
Large (G) configuration
Performance Data: 280 CNS = 1,000,000 BHCA
25
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Compact (C) configuration
NOTE: limited extendibility
Performance Data: 18 CA/S = 65,000 BHCA
26
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Example of implementation of software machines on stations
27
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
NAMING RULES
General Principle
Standardized acronym: maximum of 5 characters, 6th reserved for variants
The first two letters are laid down, as described below. The other three letters are used for the
card function mnemonic.
Allocation of first letters
1st letter:
Subassemblies family
A
=
SMC, SMM
I
=
SMT, SMA
R
=
SMX,STS
T
=
CSN
Note: items used in different families keep the acronym of their original family
2nd letter:
Type of physical entity
A
=
backplane adaptation device
B
=
subrack (mechanical assembly, backplane, board guide, etc..)
C
=
electronic card
E
=
power supply
F
=
backplane
G
=
gate array
L
=
leads (links)
P
=
extender
R
=
rack
S
=
plug
28
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
29
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT
LOCATION OF SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT (CSN)
The digital satellite exchange (CSN) is an entity for connection of subscribers which is capable
of serving analogue subscribers and digital subscribers simultaneously.
Its design and make-up allow the CSN to be fitted into the existing network and it can be
connected up to all time-domain type systems using CCITT No. 7 semaphore signalling.
The CSN is a connection unit designed to adapt to a wide variety of geographical situations. It
can either be local (CSNL) or remote (CSND) in relation to the connecting exchange.
The CSN is broken down into two parts: the digital control unit (UCN) and the Digital
Concentrator Modules (CN). It is the digital control unit which can be local or remote in relation
to the connecting exchange. Concentrators on which subscribers are connected can be local
(CNL) or remote (CNE) in relation o that control unit.
Two distribution levels exist, therefore, which gives very great flexibility with regard to
geographical location.
Figure 1: CSN connections to the network
30
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
CONNECTION OF SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT (CSN)
The CSN was designed for Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). This means that the
following can be connected on a CSN:
2- or 4-wire analog subscriber lines,
digital subscriber lines with basic rate of 144 kbit/s : 2 B channels + 1 0 channel at 16
kbit/s,
PCM links for connecting extended-access PABX switchboards to 30 B channels + 1 D
channel at 64 kbit/s, at primary rate.
Figure 2: Connecting subscribers to the CSN
FUNCTIONAL BREAKDOWN OF DIGITAL CONTROL UNIT (UCN)
The Digital Control Unit (UCN) is the interface between the Digital Concentrator Modules (CN)
and the connecting exchange. It is made up of:
two Control and Connection Units (UCX) operating in Master/Standby mode. The
Master UCX controls all the traffic and updates the Standby UCX, on line. In this way, if
there is a failure of the Master UCX there is immediate Master/Standby switchover and
the Standby UCX which has become Master controls all the traffic, in its turn,
an Auxiliary Equipment Processing Group (GTA) which pools certain functions
associated with the UCX - viz:
31
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o generation of tones and of recorded announcements for local communications on
the occasion of autonomous operation of the Remote Subscriber Digital Access
Unit,
o recognition of dual frequency signals from keyboard stations on the occasion of
autonomous operation of the Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit,
o tests of subscriber lines connected up to the Local Digital Concentrator Modules.
As the Remote Digital Concentrator Modules are connected up to the Digital Control Unit by
PCM links, the role of the Remote Digital Concentrator Modules Interface (ICNE) is to
synchronize and to convert the PCM links into network links which are internal to the Digital
Control Unit.
A Connection and Control Unit (UCX) is broken down into two parts:
the connection network (RCX),
the control unit (UC).
The Subscriber Digital Access Unit has two levels of concentration. The first is located within
the concentrators, and the second is the Connection Network (RCX).
Figure 3: Functional breakdown of the UCN
32
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCENTRATOR
The different types of concentrator which can be connected up to the Digital Control Unit are as
follows:
CNLM: local digital concentrator for digital and analog subscribers,
CNEM: remote digital concentrator for analog subscribers and digital subscribers.
Connection of Subscriber Digital Access Units to an OCB283 (Exchange Office)
Connection of Local Subscriber Digital Access Units
Local Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSNL) are connected direct onto the ElO connection
network with the aid of from 2 to 16 matrix links. The first two links carry CCITT No. 7
semaphore signalling, in TS16. The TSO cannot be used to carry speech channels whereas TS16
are used for this when they do not carry any CCITT No. 7 semaphore signalling.
Connection of Remote Subscriber Digital Access Units
Remote Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSND) are connected up to the connection network
(CX) via a multiplex connection unit (SMT). Two to 16 PCM connections are used for
connecting up the Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit. TSO cannot be used for carrying
speech channels whereas the TS16 can, when they do not carry any CCITT No. 7 semaphore
signalling.
Signalling: PCM 0 AND 1 TS 16
Speech PCM 0 and 1 TS 1 to 15 +17 to 31
PCM2 < 15 TS 1 to 31
Connection of Digital Concentrator Modules to Connection Network
The Local Digital Concentrators (CNL) are connected up to the Connection Network with the
aid of 2 to 4 Internal Network Lines (LRI). All the TS16 of these LRI are used for carrying High
Level Data Link Control (HDLC) signalling. This signalling permits 2-way communication
between the concentrators and the Digital Control Unit. The TSO cannot be used for carrying
speech channels.
The Distant Digital Concentrators (CNE) are connected up to the Connection Network via the
Distant Digital Concentrator Modules Interface (ICNE), with the aid of from 1 to 4 PCM
connections. The TS16 carry the HDLC signalling and the TSO cannot be used for carrying
speech channels.
A maximum of 42 LRI can be used for connecting subscriber’s concentrators to the connection
network.
The maximum number of Local Digital Concentrator (CNL) which can be connected to the
Connection Network is 19. This is because of the maximum number of racks, which is 4. In this
case the 42 LRI are divided up on the 19 CNL in terms of the traffic.
The maximum number of Remote Digital Concentrator which can be connected up to the
Connection Network is 20.
33
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
With CNE and CNL equipped the maximum number of CN is 20. CNE can be equipped with
from, one to four PCM connections,
The ICNE allows a maximum of 42 PCM to LRI connections, to be made.
Figure 4: Connection of Digital Concentrators to Connection Network
Figure 5: CSNL connection to 0CB283
34
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 6: CSND connection to an 0CB283
CSN RACK ASSEMBLY
CSN: 19 CNL configuration
CSN: CNE configuration
CSN: Configuration CNL ET CNE
35
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
36
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MAIN CONTROL STATION
ROLE OF MAIN CONTROL STATION
The Main Control Station (SMC) supports the following functions
MR (Call handler): call processing,
CC (Communication Control): processing of the SSP application,
TR (Translator): database,
TX (Charging): charging for communications,
MO (Message Distributor): message distribution,
GX (Matrix System Handler): management of connections,
GS (Services management): SSP application,
PC (SS7 Controller): signalling network management.
According to the configuration and the traffic to be handled, one or more of these functions may
be supported by the same Main Control Station
LOCATION OF MAIN CONTROL STATION
The Main Control Station is linked to the following communication media
The Inter station Multiplex (MIS): it carries out interchanges of information with the
other Main Control Stations (SMC) and with the SMM station,
The Main Control Station Access Multiplexes (MAS): 1 to 4 they carry out interchanges
of information with the Auxiliary Equipment Control (SMA), Trunk Control Station
(SMT) and Matrix Control Station (SMX) connected on those multiplexes,
The Alarm Multiplex (MAL): this transmits power alarms from the station to the SMM
station
37
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
.
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
General architecture of a multiprocessor station
Philosophy of ‘multiprocessor derived from Alcatel 8300 system concepts
one or more than one processor, one or more than one intelligent coupler,
interconnected by a bus and interchanging data through a common memory.
Two-way communication between subassemblies coordinated by the basic system.
38
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
BSM = Multiprocessor Station Bus
A multiprocessor station can include:
one or more than one multiplex coupler,
one or more than one processor unit,
a common memory,
Specific couplers for switching functions or data processing inputs/outputs.
39
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MAIN CONTROL STATION ARCHITECTURE
The Main Control Station includes:
a main multiplex coupler
(CMP),
a main processor unit
(PUP),
a common memory
(MC),
1 to 4 secondary processor units
(PUS),
1 to 4 secondary multiplex couplers (CMS).
PHYSICAL FORM OF MAIN CONTROL STATIONS
The Main Control Station (SMC) is organized around a standardized Multiprocessor Station Bus
(BSM). The size of this bus is 16 bits.
The different boards are connected to this bus and it is used by them as a means of
communication.
Thirteen boards can be connected onto the Multiprocessor Station Bus within a Main Control
Station:
an ACAJA board is responsible with it’s associated ACAJB to manage interchanges
between the Interstation Multiplex (MIS), and the BSM,
four ACAJA are responsible with their associated ACAJB boards to manage
interchanges between the MAS and the BSM,
three ACMCQ boards which carry out the Common Memory function, or only one
ACMCS (1),
40
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
an ACUTR board which carries out the Main Processor function (PUP),
four ACUTR boards which carry out the Secondary Processor functions
(PUS),
The ACALA board, which is not connected on Multiprocessor Station Bus, is responsible for
collecting and transmitting power alarms of the Main Control Station. It is connected to the
Alarm Multiplex (MAL).
Figure 1
5 types of cards:
UC 68020 or 68030
16 Mb memory
MIS/MAS coupling module
Alarms coupling module
SMC station (max. 17 cards + 2 converters).
Estimated maximum consummation at 5V < 160W
ACUTR
ACMCQ
ACAJA ACAJB
ACALA
ACUTR Board: Processor
Role
Within the 0CB283 system, the ACUTR board, which is organized around a 68020
microprocessor (ACUTR3) or 68030 (ACUTR4), constitutes a processing unit for
multiprocessor stations which is also called a Main Processor Unit (PUP) or a Secondary
Processor Unit (PUS).
Location
The ACUTR board is attached to
41
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
the Multiprocessor Station Bus, compulsorily,
a local bus in the case of the PUP.
A Control Station can include one or more than one ACUTR board connected to the
Multiprocessor Station Bus.
Connection of an ACUTR allows transfers of data with slave boards 32 bits (ACMCQ,
ACMCS) or 16 bits.
Connection to the Multiprocessor Station Bus takes place in 16-bit mode (address of less than 16
Megabytes) or in 32-bit mode (address of more than 16 Megabytes). The 32 bit mode enables
the
68020 to be operated at full capability (32 address bits and 32 data bits). This mode is used
automatically when the address sent by the microprocessor exceeds 16 Megabytes.
General organization of board a 32-bit processor:
68020 Motorola operating at 15,6 MHz (ACUTR3),
68030 Motorola operating at 40 MHz (ACUTR4).
The 68020 can access the following:
one EPROM (128 Kbytes),
one DRAM (4 Mbytes for ACUTR3 or 16 Mbytes for ACUTR4),
registers (ICMAT, ICLOG...),
a local bus interface,
a multiprocessor station bus interface provided by the BSM gate array,
a coupling area arranged within the BSM gate array.
42
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
ACMCS Board: 16 Megabyte Common Memory
Role
The ACMCS board is the common memory of the 16 Megabyte 0CB283 control stations; it is
protected by a self-correcting code and can be accessed via the BSM multiprocessor station bus
and the local bus, (BL).
Location
It interfaces with:
The multiprocessor station bus, a multi-master bus with access priority. The data bus is a
16-bit one for addresses of less than 16 Mbytes and a 32 bit one for addresses lying
between 16 Mbytes and 4 GBytes. To operate, the board must be linked to a master
board via the multiprocessor station bus,
The local bus, which is a quick-access mono-master bus. The data bus is a 32-bit one and
it is accessible only to addresses of < 16 Mbytes. A link with a master board via the local
bus is not essential for the board to operate.
Organization
The ACMCS board essentially includes:
The multiprocessor station bus and local bus interfaces,
A special addressing area which is accessible via the multiprocessor station bus only
and is called a “link-pack area”. It is made up of:
43
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o commands-and status registers,
o address translation filters,
128 memory blocks of 128 Kbytes (i.e. 16 Mbytes), accessible via the multiprocessor
station bus and the local bus,
The arbitration access control and refreshing logic.
ACAJA/ACAJB Boards
Role of Coupler
The coupler is organized around a 68020 and makes it possible to connect a station which
includes a multiprocessor station bus to a communication multiplex of token ring type. The
coupler is associated with the relevant softwares and fulfils MIS coupler (CMIS) or MAS
coupler (CMAS) functions according to whether it is connected to an Interstation Multiplex
(MIS) or a Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS).
The coupler can serve as a station handler for initialisation and loading operations. If it does so it
is referred to as a “Main Multiplex Coupler” (CMP). If not, it is referred to as a “Secondary
Multiplex Coupler” (CMS).
44
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Location of Coupler
The token ring coupler is attached to:
The multiprocessor station bus,
Two token ring links.
General Organization of Coupler
The coupler is made up of two boards, ACAJA and ACAJB.
ACAJA is organized around the Motorola 68020 32-bit processor which operates at 15.6 MHz.
The 68020 can access the following:
128 Kbyte EPROM,
4 Mbyte DRAM,
registers (ICMAT, ICLOG, ...),
A Multiprocessor station bus interface provided by the multiprocessor station bus gate
array.
A coupling area arranged within the multiprocessor station bus gate array.
Two token ring adaptors: one located on ACAJA, and the other on ACAJB.
These two boards are interconnected via a backplane private bus.
The power Supplies of the two boards are different, in order to guarantee absence of
simultaneous disturbance of the two rings in the event of a power fault.
45
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The ACAJB board also makes it possible for the station number, (“APSM = physical address”)
programmed on backplane, to be read.
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
Location
Rack Assembly
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Principle
Each station has the following software:
an operation system, called HYPERVISOR (HYP), which functions as a hardware
interface, software resources allocation and the communication with the other stations,
46
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
a software in charge of the progression of the elementary task for an software machine
(ML), it called SUPERVISOR (SUP),
some software called SOFTWARE MACHINE (ML),
2 types of ML:
o One or more functional ML. Each one has a specific telephonic function (E.G.
charging, call processing),
o One ML (called station ML-MLSM). This ML is used for station defence,
initialisation, down loading and communication.
HYPERVISOR, SUPERVISOR and MLSM, are loaded on all the stations (SM). They are called
the << basic software >> of the station. This software is distributed on the different active agents
of the station.
One given functional ML (E.G. MLMR) is loaded according to the configuration needed.
Hypervisor
The HYPERVISOR is the operating system of the station. It gives the possibility to each ML to
be independent of it’s physical location and allows the loading, on the same processor, of MLs
with different functions (E.G: MLMQ, MLGX).
It also carries out:
Time-delays management:
o It assumes the time sharing between the different ML installed on one agent
using parameters given by the configuration file of the SM.
The communication:
o Communication between the MLs is done by the hypervisor without
modification.
Time delay:
o On request from one ML: start, re-start or end of time delay.
o Signalling of over flow time delay.
Supervisor
A functional ML component executes one set of elementary tasks. Each task corresponds to
service activation. Scheduling of those services is done by the SUPERVISOR.
The SUPERVISOR in the Macro component is called a <<SEQUENCER>>.
System Functions: MLSM
The MLSM is divided and loaded on all the active agents of the station.
47
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The MLSM software machine includes:
The main MLSM component, which carries out:
o loading of the station,
o initialization of the station,
o positioning of the station,
o defence of the station,
o observation of the station,
the secondary MLSM component, which carries out:
o loading and initialization of the agent,
o defence of the agent,
o observation of the agent.
In addition, MLSM components transmit messages to and from the token rings when they are
loaded on CMP or CMS couplers.
Functional Software Machine
A functional software machine is an application software. It is loaded on one SM. In the SM it is
loaded on one or more than one agent.
E.G: MLTX and MLMR include:
one main component (exchanger),
1 to 4 secondary components (Macro).
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE OF A STATION
SEQ
ML SM/P
ML SM/S
:
:
:
sequencer (MR or TX)
main component of MLSM
secondary component of MLSM
48
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MLi
MLj/E
MLj/M
MLk/P
MLk/S
:
:
:
:
:
MLi (Single component)
interchange unit software module of Mlj (multi-component)
macro component of MU (multi-component)
main component (new structure multi-component)
main component (new structure multi-component)
Examples of Location of Software Machines
Small Configuration P (Subscribers Applications)
NOTE: ML_ _ /M are managed by a Sequencer (SEQ)
Medium Configuration (Subscribers Application)
a) SMC = TR +TX + MQ + GX + PC
NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ)
b) SMC=MR
49
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ)
c) SMC=TX+MQ+PC
NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ)
50
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
OPERATOR INTERFACE
Station status
Each station possesses a material address (AM),
Each station possesses a status:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
ES: in Service,
INDL: unavailable idle,
INDO: unavailable busy,
BLOM: blocked by operator,
BLOS: blocked by system,
INIT: in course of initialization,
TEST: under test.
Statuses of Software Machines
Each software machine possesses a functional address (AF),
Each software-machine possesses its own status:
o
o
o
o
o
ES: in service (or ESRE’- in service reserve) (Hot standby)
INDL: unavailable idle
INDO: unavailable busy
INIT: in course of initialization
NES: Not in Service
Examples
Station in service (normal status)
AM
=
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
SMC1
=
=
=
=
=
=
TR1
TX1
MR1
PCA
MO1
GX1
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
ES
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
BLOM
NES
NES
NES
NES
NES
NES
Station blocked by operator
AM
=
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
SMC1
=
=
=
=
=
=
TR1
TX1
MR1
PCA
MQ1
GX1
Station for which going over to INDL has been requested by operator
51
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
AM
=
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
SMC3
=
=
=
=
=
=
STATUS
TR1 STATUS
TX1 STATUS
MR1 STATUS
PCA STATUS
MQ1 STATUS
GX1 STATUS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
INDO
INDL
INDO
INDO
INDL
INDL
INDL
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
INIT
INIT
ES
ES
ESRE
ES
ES
Station in course of initialization
AM
=
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
AF
SMC3
=
=
=
=
=
=
TR1
TX
MR1
PCA
MQ1
GX1
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
STATUS
DEFENCE
A station detects its own faults and signals its serious faults to its environment. It is made up of
a set of processors which are of multi-level structure and co-operate for detection of faults.
A station is monitored from the outside by its environment, thanks to the other stations. This
monitoring is instituted in order to offset inefficiencies, if any, in detection mechanisms which
are internal to the station. It requires centralization of potential malfunctions in order to carry out
correlation. Each malfunction is assigned a level of seriousness (weighting).
A OCB 283 station is a confinement unit: confinement of any confirmed fault is carried out
within the station and consists of stoppage of the station. Traffic in progress within the station
may be lost in this case. It will not have any degraded operation effect except for the time it
takes fault tolerance mechanisms to react. .
A station possesses a status, characterizing its fitness to handle traffic, vis-a-vis the outside. It
also knows the status of all the other stations at any moment, which allows it to re-switch its
traffic if a change in configuration of the station network takes place.
A station is a reconfigurable unit - i.e. any station positioning because of a fault will lead to
re-allocation of all its tasks (ML) to a backup station, if there is one.
52
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
53
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION
ROLE OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION (SMA)
The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station (auxiliaries’ multiprocessor station) supports the
following functions:
ETA: Auxiliary Equipment Manager: Management of tone and of auxiliary
equipments,
PUPE: SS7 Protocol Handler: Processing of CCITT No. 7 Protocol.
According to the configuration and the traffic to be handled, one SMA can support an auxiliary
equipment manager software machine (ETA), a SS7 Protocol Handler Software Machine
(PUPE), or both.
The auxiliary equipment control station contains auxiliaries of the OCB 283 exchange. These
are:
Frequency receivers/generators,
Conference circuits,
Tone generators,
Clock management,
CCITT No. 7 signalling receivers/transmitters.
LOCATION OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION
The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is linked to:
The connection network by a set of 8 matrix links. It is via the connection system that
the auxiliary equipment control station receives basic time distributions from the STS,
The Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS). It carries out interchanges of
information between the auxiliary equipment control station and the command
components of the OCB 283,
Alarms Multiplex (MAL).
54
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is connected to the Host Switching Matrix by 8 matrix
links equipment:
The SMA may have the following boards:
A main multiplex coupler
(CMP),
According to call-handling capacity power necessary:
A main processor unit
(PUP),
A secondary processor unit
(PUS),
A common memory
(MC),
1 to 12 couplers:
Processing of speech signals (CTSV),
Multiprotocol signalling
(CSMP),
Clock management
(CLOCK).
The CTSV can process functions of the following types:
Frequency receiving generation,
Conference,
Tone generation,
Testing of sundry modulations, psophometer.
55
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The CSMP can process protocols such as No. 7 signalling or other HDLC protocols.
Figure 1
To connection chain
PHYSICAL FORM OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATIONS
The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is organized around a standardized Multiprocessor
Station Bus (BSM). This is a 16-bit bus.
The different boards are connected to this bus, which is used by them as a means of
communication.
Sixteen boards can be connected to the multiprocessor station bus:
an ACAJA board is responsible with to associated ACAJB board to manage interchanges
via the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS),
an ACMCQ or ACMCS board which supports the bulk memory of the station,
an ACUTR board: main processor function (PUP),
an ACUTR board which carries out the secondary processor functions (PUS),
at most 12 boards which carry out the specific operations for which the. Auxiliary
Equipment Control Station is responsible:
o one or more ICTSH board,
o one or more ACHIL board,
o an ICHOR board..
The following are inserted within the station but not connected to the multiprocessor station bus:
56
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
a pair of ICID boards. These are the SAB interface between the branches of the
connection matrix and the auxiliary equipment control station,
an ACALA board which is responsible for collecting and transmitting alarms appearing
on auxiliary equipment control station.
The structure chosen has the advantage of permitting a wide variety of configurations or, at the
same time, call-handling cap cities (put into physical form by the number of ACUTR). The
operational capacity (according to the number and the type of application boards) can be
adjusted to a wide variety of needs.
Figure 2
9 types of boards
Auxiliary Equipment Control Station: (maximum of 20 boards + 2 CV)
Maximum consumption on 5V < 120 W
57
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FUNCTIONS PERFORMED
Functions performed by the MLETA
Call processing
o Reception and processing of the frequencies (inter-switch signalling)
o Management of the RGF resources
o Transmission of the RGF statuses
o Management of the ICTSH card
o Processing of the orders to send frequencies (inter-switch signalling)
o Subscriber set to conference
Clock management
Observations (load of the ICTSH resources)
Maintenance
o LA continuity check
o Check modulation of the announcements
o On-line test of ICTSH and ICHOR board
Functions performed by ICTSH board
“Simultaneous communication between subscribers” function
Putting a maximum of four subscribers into simultaneous communication is possible.
This function allows:
additive conference with discrete listening facility,
indication of calls waiting,
establishing of calls by operators.
This function implies addition of speech samples. Smoothing of level of speech of different
speakers is not provided.
Eight conferences with four subscribers are implemented on an ICTSH board.
“Tone generator” function
This enables voice frequency signals to be generated. These signals are sequences of mono, bi,
tri or quadri frequencies. A sequence consists of a maximum of eight “transmission/silence”
sequences (RING TONE, BUSY TONE, etc...).
Units used are:
hertz for frequencies,
58
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
decibel for sound levels,
ms for timing.
An ICTSH board generates 32 voice frequency signals. Frequencies and timings are transmitted
at initialization of the Auxiliary Equipment Control Station and remain fixed during phases of
operation.
Frequencies receiving and generation (RGF) function
The RGF terminals analyse and transmit signals within the voice frequency band. In general
these signals are single or dual frequency signals pertaining to a signalling code.
In OCB 283, one RGF terminal is dynamically sited by the command components within a
signalling code. It detects the presence of signals received and transmits to the command
stations the composition of this signal (Frequencies).
On command instruction, it always transmits single or dual frequency pulses.
Eight RGF terminals can be implemented on ICTSH. Hypsometer codes are processed as
particular RGF codes.
Modulation detection function
This function allows operation of recorded announcements to be supervised Processing is like
speech detector.
The modulation monitoring function is processed as a particular RGF code. It is a software
transmitted at the initialization of the station and it determines the type of function implemented
by the board.
Function performed by the ML PUPE
CCITT N°7 network interface
o CCITT N°7 network messages send and receive (MTP)
o Routing of the CCITT N°7 messages (MTP)
o Partial management of the signalling channels (MTP)
o Partial management of the signalling traffic (MTP)
Call processing
o Treatment of the circuit telephonic calls (by UTC)
Processing of the analogue calls (TUP) and ISDN
The different signalling are loading in the UTC. The selection is done by
a grid accessed by a given signalling code for each circuits group.
o Management of the CCITT N°7 channels
o Subscribers call processing CSN (UTC part)
Operation and maintenance
59
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o Management of the UTC files
o CCITT N°7 circuits observations
o Fault, alarms and test of the entity processed by the station.
Function performed by the ACHIL board
This board carries out Level 2 processing for 16 HDLC type signalling channels and has servers
with the following role at check frame level
on transmission:
o sending of flag,
o computation of CRC,
o insertion of zero,
o automatic sending of filling frames,
o repetition of status frames, on command.
on receiving:
o elimination of inserted zeros,
o centering on flag,
o checking of CRC,
o automatic elimination of filling frames which carry no useful information.
Function performed by ICHOR board
The function of the ICHOR board is to keep the time of the OCB 283 exchange accurate. Time
information performs a double function on switching.
It enables messages to be determined and labeled.
It must be protected against slow drifts which involve repeated resetting of time, and against
sudden loss of time due to hardware anomaly.
Function performed by ACAJA I ACAJB coupling
This coupler makes it possible to connect the Auxiliary Equipment Control Station to the Main
Control Station Access Multiplex and carries out two-way communication with the command
units.
The following informations are interchanged:
channel-associated signalling coming from the ICTSH boards, which are signals
transmitted by the RF of the RGF specifying the voice frequency signals detected,
messages to and from applications implemented by the processors present in Auxiliary
Equipment Control Station (positioning messages, semaphore messages ....).
60
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Function performed by the ACALA board
This carries out collection of alarms. This board is self-powered. In Auxiliary Equipment
Control Station the alarms transmitting entities are converters.
Functions performed by ICID board
The defence of the GLR is done by the ICID boards. It supports the following functions:
receiving of the 8 matrix links and of an associated time base, coming, via a RCID
board, from a branch of the Host Switching Matrix,
transmission of 8access links and 8 associated time bases to the UR (SMA-SMT)
inter-aids by receiving 8 matrix links coming from the other branch of the SMX with the
associated D
synchronization of the matrix links coming from the Host Switching Matrix and the
inter-aid matrix links,
supplementary bits travelling on the matrix links,
generation of the availability signal which accompanies the access links,
Generation of the inter-IC ID inter-aid availability signal,
Processing of LAE links transmitted by the UR and generation of LRE.
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
Location of SMA1-SMA2 with tone generator and clock
61
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Location of SMA without tone generator or clock
62
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Location of SMA with 96 RGF
Figure 3
RACK ASSEMBLY
63
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
SMA with MLETA and MLPUPE
Subscriber Application
64
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SSP Application
ML PUPE/N:
MTP and TUP signalling, ISDN telephone user part, integrated services
digital network user part.
MLPUPE/I:
Transaction capabilities application part (TCAP)
65
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SMA with MLPUPE only
Subscribers Application
SMA with MLETA only
66
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
67
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION
TIME DISTRIBUTION
2 x tripled distribution from Synchronization and Time Base Station (STS) to Host
Switching Matrix (MCX).
Logic majority achieved in each Host Switching Matrix branch.
Duplicated distribution by Host Switching Matrix to stations (SMX).
ROLE OF SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION
The Synchronization and Time Base Station incorporates 3 functions:
External Synchronization Interface (HIS) clocks,
Tripled Time Base (BTT),
Alarms.
Role of External Synchronization Interfaces (HIS)
The External Synchronization Interfaces are synchronization units designed for
synchronization networks of master-slave type with more than one input and with
management of priorities. Putting one or more than one input out of service and reestablishing them takes place automatically, in terms of defined criteria.
They use clocks retrieved from digital circuits coming from PCM Terminal Stations
(Trunk Control Station (SMT).
They carry out management of synchronization links by monitoring alarm signals of the
relevant PCM.
They guarantee maximum quality of frequency precision, no matter what the quality of
synchronization links might be.
They offset losses from all synchronization links, via a very high stability oscillator.
68
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Role of Tripled Time Base (BTT)
This distributes the time signals necessary to the Connection Network Stations of the
ALCATEL E1OB 0CB283 system.
It uses the logic majority principle for time distribution and fault detection in order to
guarantee high reliability (tripled boards).
Defence
This function makes it possible to transmit alarms generated by the External
Synchronization Interfaces and the Tripled Time Base, onto an alarm ring.
SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION ARCHITECTURE
The Synchronization and Time Base Station includes:
a Tripled Synchronous Time Base (BIT),
an External Synchronization Interface (HIS) which can be duplicated.
The synchronization unit can receive 4 PCM clock.
The BIT is made up of 3 RCHOR boards.
The HIS is made up of from 0 to 2 RCHIS boards.
OPERATING REGIMES
69
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The Synchronization and Time Base Station automatically generates 4 sets of operating
conditions which guarantee:
maximum autonomy,
Protection against any action which is dangerous for the quality of frequencies
transmitted and for safety of operation.
Normal Synchronized Regime
The Synchronization and Time Base Station is synchronized on one reference from
several.
Normal Autonomous Regime
The Synchronization and Time Base Station is no longer synchronized (no longer any
external reference).
The frequencies transmitted are defined by the External Synchronization Interface in
service (memorised value of HIS frequency = value before external loss of
synchronization).
Frequency stability within the temperature range of the steady state operation regime, for
72 hours, is better than 4.10-10.
BTT on Free Oscillation Regime
The 2 External Synchronization Interfaces are out of service.
The Tripled Time Base is no longer synchronized.
It delivers its own frequencies (memorised value of the frequency of each RCHOR =
value before loss of External Synchronization Interface synchronization).
Frequency stability within the temperature range of the steady state operation regime, for
72 hours, is better than 1.10-6.
Free Oscillation Regime
The station is used without synchronization link.
Frequency precision is defined by factory calibration.
It is in the order of 10-9 at commissioning (following a few months’ storage).
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
70
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Location
Rack Assembly
71
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
72
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
TRUNK CONTROL STATION
ROLE OF TRUNK CONTROL STATION (SMT)
The Trunk Control Station ensures functional interface between the PCM and the switching
centre.
These PCM come from:
another switching centre,
a Remote Electronic Satellite Concentrator (CSED),
a Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit (CSND),
the digital recorded announcement equipment.
The Trunk Control Station (SMT) permits implementation of the PCM Controller “URM”
(multiplex connection unit) function which mainly consists of:
in PCM to switching centre direction:
o HDB3 conversion to binary,
o extraction of channel-associated signalling,
o management of semaphore channels carried by TS16,
o cross-connection of channels between PCM and Matrix Link (LR),
in switching centre to PCM direction:
o binary to HDB3 conversion,
o transmission of channel associated signalling,
o management of semaphore channels carried by TS16,
o cross-connection of channels between Matrix Link and PCM.
LOCATION OF TRUNK CONTROL STATION
The Trunk Control Station is connected to:
external components (Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit, Remote Electronic
Satellite Concentrator, circuits) by PCM (maximum of 32),
the connection matrix by a set of 32 network lines (matrix links), or 4 groups of matrix
links, for carrying the content of CCITT No. 7 semaphore channels and speech channels,
73
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) serial communication medium which
carries out interchanges of information between the Trunk Control Station and the
Command Stations,
the alarm Multiplex (MAL).
GENERAL ARCHITECTURE
A Trunk Control Station handles 32 PCM links. These links are divided up into 8 groups of 4
(PCM which are each processed by a module which is a dedicated Multiplex Connection
Module (MRM) or Satellite Connection Module (MRS). Specialisation is at software level only.
All these eight modules are managed by a logic: LOGUR.
To ensure correct availability of the unit, the LOGUR and also the acquisition logic of each
module are duplicated. The PCM end logic (transcoder) and the active logic selection board are
not duplicated.
A Trunk Control Station is therefore made up of two logics (or 1/2 PCM Controller system)
a pilot logic which handles switching and protection functions related to switching,
a standby logic which is kept up to date in relation to the master logic and which
performs LOCAVAR functions on request from the (SMM).
74
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The standby logic becomes the pilot logic on instruction from the SMM or on failure of the
other logic.
Figure 1:
Module Organisation
A module manages 4 PCM of 32 channels. It is made up of 2 parts:
a PCM end logic made up of 4 ICTR1 transcoders (1 per PCM), which carry out:
o on receiving : HDB3-binary conversion on the link and retrieval of remote clock,
o on transmission : binary HDB3 conversion from the transmission link and the
local clock,
a duplicated acquisition logic (LACO and LAd), the main functions of which are:
o synchronisation of the receiving link on local clock,
o detection of alarms,
o processing of CRC4 on receiving,
o cross-connection of speech or data channels,
o extraction and processing of signalling,
o transmission of signalling,
o calculation and injection of CRC4.
75
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Each LACO module is managed by the LOGUR 0, with the LAC1 modules being managed by
the LOGUR 1. Each LAC module is made up of an ICMOD board.
Figure 2:
76
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Organization of LOGUR
Position of LOGUR within trunk control station (SMT)
A half-system is capable of managing all the traffic of the 32 PCM links. Choice of the logic in
service takes place by a non-duplicated module from
periodic requests for switchovers,
requests for switchovers on failure of the master logic,
requests for manual switchovers,
operator commands (MMC).
Make-up of LOGUR
The LOGUR manages the eight acquisition logics which are associated with it. It manages two
way communications with the other LOGUR and external components.
These functions are divided up among three processors:
2 auxiliary processors, A and B, which carry out switching work and manage the alarms
of the logics which are associated with them (ICPRO-A and ICPRO-B boards),
1 main processor which manages interchanges, monitors and controls the tasks carried
out by the auxiliary processors and carries out maintenance of the unit which comes
under it (ICPRO-P board). An interchange memory exists to effect two-way
communication between the main processor and the auxiliary processors, and it also
carries out interchanges with the other logic (ICMEC board).
Memories which are common to the auxiliary processors contain conversion tables used in
processing of channel-associated signalling (ICCTM board).
77
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Interchanges with control components take place through a coupler connected up to a
communication multiplex, the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) (ACAJA and
ACAJB board), via the ICDIM board which ensures interface between the Main Control Station
Access Multiplex and the ICPRO and between the Main Control Station Access Multiplex
coupler and the modules for transmission and receiving of channel-associated signalling.
Modularity
LOGUR
The 2 LOGURs, 0 and 1, are systematically presented within the Trunk Control Station.
MODULES
Modularity from 1 to 8 modules, with each module being equipped with 4 PCMs.
Total outfitting of a module consists of:
o 4 ICTR1 boards supported by a ICTRM mother board,
o 2 ICMOD boards, one driven by the LOGUR 0, and the other by the
LOGUR1.
Figure 3: Logur Structure
78
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
PHYSICAL FORM OF TRUNK CONTROL STATIONS
2 subracks are necessary for outfitting 1 complete Trunk Control Station,
12 types of board:
Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP)
(ACAJA, ACAJB),
6 types of board adapted from the PCM controller: ICPRO, ICDIM,
ICSDT, ICMEC,
ICCTM, ICCLA,
acquisition logic
ICMOD,
PCM termination
ICTR
alarms coupler
ACALA,
branch selection function (SAB)
ICID,
maximum outfitting: 49 boards + 4 convertors (CV). (Connection of 32 PCM),
maximum consumption on 5 V,
Complete Trunk Control Station (32 PCM) < 170W
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
79
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Location
80
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Rack Assembly
81
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
TRUNK CONTROL STATION (SMT2G)
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The SMT 2G (PCM Trunk Control Station) carries out the following:
connection and management of 128 x 2Mbit/s PCM links,
management of user terminals,
reception and transmission of signalling,
pre-processing of channel-associated signalling,
transmission of synchronising (LSR-LVR) signals to the Synchronising and Time Base
Station (STS).
PLACE WITHIN THE 0CB283 SYSTEM
The SMT 2G ensures interface between the switching centre and the remote items:
PCM trunks with other switching centres,
PCM trunks with CSND or CSED,
Announcement machine.
On the switching centre side, it is connected to:
the control stations, via the main control station access multiplex,
the connection monitoring system, via the group of matrix links,
the alarm ring.
82
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 1:
83
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE
General Structure
The SMT 2G is made up of 3 functional items:
Duplicated control, consisting of 2 processing subsystems named SMTA and SMTB and
connected by LISM links.
The non-duplicated part of the User Terminals (ETUs), which regroup the physical
interfaces of the trunks (2Mbits-PCM terminations, for example).
The Branch Selection function SAB which is the interface with the Central Connection
Subsystem.
Figure 2: General organization of the SMT2G
Functional Architecture
84
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 3: Functional Architecture of the SMT 2G
Each elemental control station (SMTA and SMTB) is made up of the following functions:
CMP:
Main Multiplex Coupler, executed by a pair of boards: ACAJA and ACAJB
PUP:
Main Processor Unit, executed by a board: ACUTG
MC:
Common Memo executed by a board: ACMGS
CLTH:
HDLC Transmission Line Coupler executed by a board ICTSM
A CLTH coupler “sees” 1 or 2 assembly (assemblies) of 64 User Terminals
CSAL:
Secondary Alarm Coupler, executed by a board: ACALA.
The Branch Selection and Amplification function (SAB) is executed by a boards assembly:
ICIDS.
The exchange termination (ETU) function is supported by L for the 2 Mbit/s PCM links. It is
executed by a set of boards (ICTRQ or ICTQ7) which each support 4 User Terminals (ET),
ET:
Exchange Termination Termination Equipment for PCM
ETP: Exchange Termination processor: termination units management processor. An entity
made up of a processor and of User Terminals managed by that processor.
ETU: Exchange Termination Card board which supports terminations
LTH: HDLC transmission link: HDLC bus delivered by the CLTH coupler. This type of bus
includes 2 sub-types: BETP and LISM buses
85
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
BETP: Bus which connects n ETP to an elemental Control Station. Each ETP is connected to the
elemental Control Station A by a BETPA bus, on one hand, and to the elemental Control
Station B by a BETPB bus, on the other. (The protocol used at Level 2 is the LAPD):
750 Kb/s
LISM: Inter-Control Station Link. Direct links between 2 elemental Control Stations which
share a common ETU assembly (protocol used at Level 2 is the LAPD): 250 Kb/s
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
Characteristics of BETP links
64 ETP by BETP bus
each ETP is served by 2 BETP (BETPA on SMTA side, BETPB on SMTB side)
unitary blocking of ETP for each one of the BETP
reset of the ETP via the BETP designated by the Pilote/Reserve wire
FULL - DUPLEX,
point to multipoint
conflict resolving bus associated with each BETP
plugging or unplugging a boards during operation, without disturbing neighboring
boards
86
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Boards Structure Diagram
Figure 4:
The ICTSM board
The ICTSM board is attached to:
o the Multiprocessor Station Bus (BSM),
o the ICTSM board of the other SMT Station through a series link (LISM) and
switchover signals,
o the ETP5 through 2 series buses (BETP).
Figure 5:
Function managed by the ICTSM
87
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o management of the active/reserve switchover (first ICTSM),
o dialogue between SMTA and SMTB,
o interface with the ETP.
The ICTRQ board
Within the SMT 2G this board supports 4 PCM termination functions. Each PCM termination is
an ETP and the User Terminal (ET) of that ET is connected to an PCM link.
Figure 6:
Each ETP carries out the following function for a PCM link:
interface between PCM link and LA,
HDB3 processing,
synchronization of the PCM onto the local clock,
management of the fault indicators,
processing of the CRC4
alarms and statuses (positioning) management,
CAS signaling (TS16) send and receive,
eventually emission of the PCM clock (synchronization) to the STS,
A loop-back program connector located on the front panel of the board allows doing 4 types of
PCM loop.
88
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The ICIDS board
The ICIDS (SIXTEEN LINKS differential interface board) board supports the Branch Selection
(Selection of BRANCH Amplifier) function of the SMT 2G.
Location of board
Figure 7: Board Environment
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
Rack Organization
Physical Organization of a Station
The SMT 2G station is divided up over 2 physical shelves, with each shelf containing a control
subsystem and half the User Terminals with the associated Branch Selection function.
Figure 9: Physical Organization of SMT 2G Station
89
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 10: Physical Organization of SMT2G
SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
Principle
To operate within a Control Station environment the software machines (ML) are supported on
basic software (Hypervisor) and on the system software’s.
The Hyper visor allows cohabitation of ML on one processor. It carries out:
Communication within the station,
Management of timings,
Time-sharing between ML or ML components being run on the processor
The Hypervisor and system software assembly is pooled within a virtual machine: Control
Station
Taking place of the elemental tasks which constitute an ML or ML component is carried out by
the “Supervisor”.
Figure 12: Functions of “Main MLURM” Components
90
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
91
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 13: Functions of “Secondary MLURM” Components
92
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
93
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MATRIX CONTROL STATION
SWITCHING MATRIX SYSTEM (CCX)
Role of the CCX
The Switching Matrix System establishes interconnections of time-domain channels for Local
Subscriber Digital Access units (CSNLs) and the Trunk Control and Auxiliary Equipment
Control stations.
In general, the Switching Matrix System carries out:
unidirectional connection between any incoming channel (VE) and any outgoing channel
(VS). There can be as many simultaneous connections as there are outgoing channels,
connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels,
connection of N incoming channels belonging to the same frame structure of any
multiplex to N outgoing channels which belong to the same frame structure, abiding by
the integrity and the sequencing of the frame received. This function is referred to as “N
x 64 kbit/s connection”.
A bidirectional connection between an A end (calling party) and a B end (called party) takes
place in the form of 2 unidirectional connections.
The Switching Matrix System thus ensures:
switching between auxiliary equipment and speech channels for voice frequency
signalling operations,
simultaneous distribution of tones and recorded announcements to more than one
outgoing channel,
permanent switching of channels which support data links or semaphore links between
circuit and circuit, or between circuit and Auxiliary Equipment Control Station.
Switching Matrix System Organization (CCX)
The Switching Matrix System pools:
the Host Switching Matrix:
o 16-bit switching, including 3 reserved,
o matrix of 2048 x 2048 matrix links with one time-domain stage,
o 64 matrix links equipment modularity,
the Branch Selection function:
o selection,
94
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o amplification,
o interface of connection stations
(Local Subscriber Digital Access Unit, SMT,SMA ...),
o time distribution interface,
matrix links:
o 4 Mbit/s rate,
o 8 matrix links connection modularity.
Fully duplicated branch concept.
Figure 1:
Operation of Switching Matrix System
Connections are established in both branches.
Selection of the active branch for a Time Slot (TS) is carried out by comparing the
outgoing time slots of each branch.
3 control bits permit the following functions for each branch:
o carrying, by Time Slot parity, from the incoming Branch Selection to the
outgoing Branch Selection, setting, by matrix link, selection of the active branch,
o monitoring connection on request,
o metering of quality of transmission on request.
Supervision of the unit is carried out by the connections management software machine
(Matrix System Handler GX),
95
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The 5 additional bits are available for external utilization (signaling on leased lines....).
SELECTION AND AMPLIFICATION OF BRANCH SELECTION (SAB)
Description
This item is present in racks which have components connected to the Switching Matrix System.
These components are the Local Subscriber Digital Access Units, Trunk Control Stations and
Auxiliary Equipment Control Stations, referred to under the generic term of “Connection Units”
or “URs”.
The main function of this unit is to carry out interface between the URs and the two branches,
Host Switching Matrix a and Host Switching Matrix b.
It receives and transmits access links (LAs) coming from the URs and generates links (LRa for
Host Switching Matrix a and LRb for Host Switching Matrix b).
Processing operations carried out by this unit are:
1. amplification of matrix links on transmission and on receiving,
2. 8-bit/I 6-bit adaptation, preserving the 8-bit per channel,
3. processing of 3 control bits,
4. selection of branches,
5. time distribution interface between the URs and the Host Switching Matrix,
6. access link interface on transmission and receiving.
96
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The equipment modularity for this entity are:
16 LR for the SMT 2G and the CSN,
8 LR for the SMA, and the SMT1 G.
Figure 2:
97
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Connection
Auxiliary Equipment Control Stations
SMA → MCX
MCX → SMA
Each ICID board handles 8 matrix links (1 group of matrix links + I DT) coming from one and
the same branch of the Host Switching Matrix.
DT = Time base distribution (clock 4 MHz + 8 KHz synchronic)
SDT = Synchro-time base (8 KHz)
Trunk Control Stations
98
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
a) SMTIG → MCX
MCX → SMTIG
b) SMT2G → MCX
99
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MCX → SMT2G
Local Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSNL)
100
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
CSNL → MCX
MCX → CSNL
Each TCBTL board handles 16 matrix links coming from one branch of the Host Switching
Matrix.
HOST SWITCHING MATRIX (MCX)
The Host Switching Matrix is made up of 2 branches, A and B, and, from the hardware point of
view, is made up of Matrix Control Stations (SMX).
A branch of the Host Switching Matrix contains from 1 to 8 Matrix Control Stations.
Each Matrix Control Station receives a tripled time base signals (8 MHz and frame
synchronisation) coming from the time base unit (STS) and, following majority choice,
distributes information to the exchange and to the Matrix Link Interfaces (ILR).
Each Matrix Control Station handles 256 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix links,
within its network liaison interfaces (ILR). On output from the incoming side ILR, the LCXE
links of homologous numbers are multiplied on the same positions of all the Matrix Control
Stations. Each time-domain matrix is capable of handling the switching of any time slot of the
2048 incoming matrix links, to any time slot of its 256 outgoing matrix links.
101
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Equipment modularity increments are:
64 matrix links for the time-domain matrix (RCMT),
16 matrix links for the network liaison interfaces (RCID).
Figure 3: Architecture of a Branch of the Host Switching Matrix
MATRIX CONTROL STATION (SMX)
Each SMX includes
a Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP) which permits two-way communication on the Main
Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) and performs the “processor” function for the
Matrix Switch Controller Software Machine (ML COM),
a coupler to the time-domain matrix,
Matrix Link Interfaces (ILRs) for a maximum of 256 incoming matrix links and 256
outgoing matrix links,
a time-domain matrix of maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links and 256
outgoing matrix links.
102
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
:
103
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Command interface part
The role of this is to:
receive, via the Main Control Station Access Multiplex, instructions coming from
command stations,
write or read connection matrices command memories,
process monitoring functions,
transmit responses to command stations,
interface with the General Time Base. Following majority choice, the tripled clock
coming from the time base is distributed on the exchange;
The processor and the function for coupling to the Main Control Station Access Multiplex are
identical to those which exist in the command stations.
There are 3 types of board:
Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP → ACAJA, ACAJB
Matrix Coupler → RCMP.
Matrix Link (LR) interface part (RCID)
This carries out:
interface of matrix links from and to the Branch Selections (SAB) - i.e.:
o distribution of these matrix links (LRE) in a format which is suitable for the
matrices, on the matrix entities of all the other switching stations of the branch,
o transmission of information received from the matrix of the switching station
concerned to the Branch Selections on the outgoing matrix links,
processing of check result bits coming from the UR amplifiers,
activation of tests on request for connection and transmission,
distribution of time links to the UR,
equipment modularity of this function is 16 matrix links:
o a RCID board carries out the matrix link interface function for 16 incoming
matrix links and 16 outgoing matrix links.
104
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Connection Matrix Part
The function of the connection matrix is to switch any incoming channel onto any outgoing
channel.
Operation is based on use of two types of dual access memory:
buffer type: this memory allows storage of samples relating to two frames, with storage
taking place at the strobe of the time base and even frame alternating with odd frame in
two buffers,
readout is performed from the control memory. Read/write switchover takes place at
each frame,
control memory type: the VEj address relating to the VEj → VSi connection is stored at
each address of this memory which corresponds to the VSi address.
This memory is written in upon instructions coming from the command units; it is read out at
the strobe of the time base.
The matrix has a maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links on 256 outgoing matrix
links, made up of two 1024 LRE x 256 LRS modules.
Association of elemental matrices (64 x 64 matrix links) constitutes each module
The arrangement of 32 “columns” of 4 basic blocks makes it possible to obtain the time-domain
matrix of the Matrix Control Station, of maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links and
256 outgoing matrix links. Any interconnection of time-domain channels goes through only one
basic block. Average time taken to go through is one frame (125 microseconds).
105
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 5: The 2048 LRE x 256 LRS Time-Domain Matrix
LRE: Incoming Matrix Link (from the point of view of the MCX)
LRS: Outgoing Matrix Link (from the point of view of the MCX)
RCMT matrix board
This matrix board consists of four 64 x 64 matrices.
it is on two boards, on inter-aid.
Access to this board takes place at 4 Mbit/s.
Internal operating rate is 16 MHz.
Inter-aid takes place on the front of the boards.
106
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
107
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 6: Equivalent Square Matrix: 64 x 64
108
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 7: Equivalent Square Matrix: 128 x 128
109
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 8: Equivalent Square Matrix: 256 x 256
Figure 8: Standard Racks for MCX
110
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY
1. Differential interface sub rack
2. Main sub rack (up to 1024 LR)
3. Extension sub rack (More than 1024 LR)
111
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
112
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
113
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
MAINTENANCE MULTIPROCESSOR STATION
PURPOSE OF THE SMM MAINTENANCE MULTIPROCESSOR STATION
supervision and management of the ALCATEL 1000 El0 system,
storage of system data,
control station defense,
supervision of communication multiplexes,
man-machine communication processing
overall initialization and re-initialization.
LOCATION OF THE SMM
The maintenance station is connected to the following communication equipment:
The inter-station multiplex (MIS): handles data exchanges with the main control stations
(SMC),
The alarm multiplex (MAL): collects the power alarms.
The SMM can be connected to the telecommunications management network (TMN) via X25
links.
114
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF SMM
Overall description
The SMM comprises the following sub-assemblies
Two identical Multiprocessor Stations (SM), each built around processing systems plus
primary memories derived from the A8300 system and connected to the inter-station
multiplex (MIS),
A Secondary Memory connected, to small computer system interface (SCSI) buses,
which is accessed by either SMMA or SMMB,
External interfaces which are assigned to the active station via the Terminal Bus.
In the duplex configuration the SMM consists of two Control Stations which are physically
identified by the acronyms SMMA and SMMB. One of the two is the active or pilot, the other is
the reserve.
Functional Organization
115
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
The Processing Units
There are two identical processing units (SMM A and SMM B), with only one being in control
at a given time. Each processing unit forms a SMM on the Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS). It is
designed around the XBUS bus (general bus of the ALCATEL 8300 system).
The processing unit features the following boards:
two pairs of ACUTG - ACMGS board processor and memory (connected by a local 32
bit-address bus),
a pair of boards ACAJA/ACAJB for coupling with the Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS),
a coupler board ACFTD for managing the terminal bus interface,
two ACBSG boards for managing the interface between two SCSI buses,
a system board ACCSG,
Each processing unit has an interface with the MIS and an interface with the secondary memory
(disk, streamer, magnetic tape unit).
The 2 processing units each interface with a terminal bus via a dedicated coupler board
(ACFTD). The terminal bus carries the synchronous and asynchronous communication line
couplers plus the terminal couplers.
Each processing unit has one system board (ACCSG): the two system boards control switchover
between the two processor units (DUPLEX operation).
They dialogue via an HDLC serial link and exchange status signals (Master / Reserve /
Maintenance).
116
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 1: Processing Units
ACUTG/ACMGS
Support RTOS and the application software:
ACUTG:
o 68030 processor,
o 16 Mbytes private RAM,
ACMGS:
o 16Mbytes
o accessible by the XBUS and the local bus (BL)
ACCSG
restarts a processing unit in the event of a reset or switchover,
acts as the LOCAVAR pilot for the XBUS components,
exchanges the information required for tests or switchover operations with the ACCSG
of the other processing unit.
ACFTD
117
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
interfaces the processing system with the Terminal bus,
manages the lines and coupler line controllers.
ACBSG
interfaces with the SCSI bus,
an I/O software on the SCSI bus (SCSI driver) is loaded into the RAM during
initialization,
each ACBSG board manages 2 independent SCSI buses (SCSI A and SCSI B)
Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS) Coupler
provides access to the other SM of the 0CB283,
made up by the two boards ACAJAIACAJB.
Secondary Memory (or mass storage)
The Secondary Memory comprises all the means of data storage on electromagnetic peripherals:
disks, tapes and streamer.
The secondary memory comprises:
Disks
ACDDGI: 1.2 Gigabytes
Streamer
ACSTGI: 1.2 Gigabytes
Optional DBM
1600 BPI (Bytes per inch) - 2400 FEET
These items are connected to the SCSI buses via controllers (integrated in the disks and
streamer).
Figure 2:
Line Couplers
118
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
The couplers active interface is with the active processing unit at a given moment, and can
manage asynchronous/synchronous links with a data rate of 19.200 bauds or less (board
ACTUJ), synchronous or high data rate links (ACJ64 board), and the alarm multiplexes of the
0CB283 (ACRAL2 board).
Asynchronous Links
provided by the ACTUJ boards,
allow connection of:
o General Supervisory Station (PGS),
o Workstation Access Method (WAM),
o Intelligent Terminal (TI),
o display consoles,
o printers,
the SMM can manage a maximum of 48 lines (6 ACTUJ boards)
Synchronous Links
provided by ACJ64 boards,
64 kbit/s digital links,
Interface with TMN,
Main Alarm Coupler
The ACRAL board is a line coupler connected to the SMM terminal bus which controls the
alarm multiplexes (MAL). it records the alarms and controls the alarm remote relay junctions.
It is associated with:
the Terminal bus dual interface,
one or two alarm multiplexes (MAL) which collect the alarms from the control stations
and the centre,
the source end of an alarm loop signalling total failure of the system.
The SMM can control a maximum of 4 alarm multiplexes (each comprising 2 rings A and B)
distributed between two ACRAL boards.
119
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FIGURE 3: Line Coupler
LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION IN RACK
SMM Rack
Figure 4:
SSE: Station Supervision Environment
The SSE contains the ACALA couplers in charge of collection of the environment alarms and
re-transmission of the remote control
Figure 5: Rack Assembly
120
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SMM SHELVES
ALARM COLLECTION
The system that records and displays the alarms is responsible •r collecting the signals sent by
the alarm loops, by telecomm and transmissions (supervision, miscellaneous telecomm ands)
and reception of command signals (reception telecomm ands).
The system comprises 1 to 4 Alarm Collection and Display circuits (CVA).
Each CVA is made up of two totally independent systems which operate in Pilot/Reserve mode,
comprising:
a Main Alarm Coupler (CCAL),
a Secondary Alarm Coupler (CSAL),
an Alarm Multiplex (MAL).
Block Diagram of a CVA
121
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Brief description of the Main Alarm Coupler (CCAL)
The CCAL is responsible for the acquisition of events (alarms, telecomm ands) and relaying
command signals to the supervision devices and miscellaneous telecomm ands. It is also
responsible for protecting the associated secondary alarm couplers and the alarm multiplex.
One ACRAL board can support 2 CCAL.
Brief description of the Alarm Multiplex (MAL)
The MAL comprises:
a data link (LAM),
a clock link (H),
a pilot link (PIL) for setting the CSAL to Pilot or Reserve mode and resetting them to
zero.
Brief description of the CSAL
Each CSAL is supported by one ACALA board.
The main role of the ACALA board is to collect the alarms from an OCB283 stations. It formats
the alarms into a serial message for the Maintenance Station (SMM).
It must also relay messages from the upstream ACALA boards, but this function is transparent.
When requested by the SMM, it executes telecomm ands for the station in which it is located.
It can also be used to position a 16-light alarm array via an interface board (ACTLC). In this
case it does not collect the alarms.
122
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Figure 6: Alarm Collection Circuit
123
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
RECORDED ANNOUNCEMENT MACHINE
MPNA (ALCATEL Digital Announcement Machine) is mounted in the ABLAS sub rack.
the MPNA,
the ACALA board (used for MPNA and streamer alarms),
the ACSTGI streamer support board.
MPNA Digital Recorded Announcement Machine (MPNA) Configuration
2 inseparable boards:
ICMPN2: Main board (maximum 60 recorded announcement),
ICSMP: Secondary board (interface with microphone, earphones, tape recorder) backup
of the ICMPN2 announcement
Capacity
30 announcements, 2 of which can have external sources connected by an LF pair.
These are wired via the distribution frame.
Provision is made for 2 PCM; only 1 is used.
Connection to 1 SMT module.
Management of the Recorded Announcement Machine (MPNA)
Use of a control micro-terminal to manage the MPNA (creation, modification, cancellation,
announcement listening).
SMM SOFTWARE
Note: EL = Software se
124
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Introduction
The SMM software is composed of:
The basic system RTOS (Real Time Operating System)
The RTOS application software EL (software set)
o EL AES: Administration operating system
o EL IAS: Station alarms interface
o EL SUP: Supervisor
The OM (Operating/Maintenance) application software
o OM sub-system (SSOM)
o Telephone and system application
Eventually the EL TMN (Telecommunication Network Management Software Set)
Basic system RTOS
It manages the following functions:
Task management, basic clock management, inter-processor communication
Duplex function management though the inter-ACCSG link (data updating, SMM
switchover)
Software and hardware resources management.
Software set < EL AES
This is .an RTOS application in charge of the SMM station operation. Using this software set
the operator, can managed the station, using the MMC accessible from the PCWAM
(interrogation, positioning, test of the SMM boards).
Software set EL IAS
This is an <<RTOS>> system application in charge of the software and hardware alarms
management.
The <<IAS>> receives from the application <<EL>> the alarms indication
The <<IAS>> watches for a new state of all the station boards and sends to the <<OM>>
application a start or end of alarm message. This message contains the faulty board name
and its state. The <<OM>> application manages the << start >> or <<end >> hardware
alarm messages.
Software set <<EL SUP>>
This is an <<RTOS system application in charge of the global defense of the station application.
To do that it gives to the different applications the following functions:
Possibility to watch application
125
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Possibility to warn an application than a SMM switchover is requested (by RTOS or by
an another application)
Possibility to request a global defense action (for example switchover).
Software set <<EL OM>>
This is the main application of the OM. Its function is the management of the exchange. It’s
comprised the OM sub-system (SSOM) and the OM applications.
The < SSOM realize the interface between OM > and RTOS >> applications.
The << OM applications are:
Telephonic applications
o Subscribers management
o Trunk circuits management Translation management
o Charging management
o Observations management
System application
o Equipment management
o Data management
o Alarms management Fault management
o Terminals management
TMNK (Telecommunication Management Network Kernel)
This comprise all the TMN software set.
126
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
DISK CONFIGURATION
a physical disk is divided in logic disk (DL)
the logic disk called “Mirror” are created on the both disk and contain the same data
simultaneous writing on the 2 records (DL)
reading from disk A or disk B of the DL in function of the first ACBSG which answers
the physical disks are not mirrors and not interchangeable.
DATA MANAGEMENT
Type of Data
The data are divided into three major categories
Permanent
Data whose content does not vary in normal use. The inst part of software is a typical example.
These data are characteristic of a functional application and are generated in the development
centers. As such they are also called “system” data.
Semi-permanent
Data which evolves during normal operation and requires storage in non volatile memory so that
they can be recovered when reloading the system.
The semi-permanent data can be modified either by operator commands
(e.g. subscriber creation) or by the action of a subscriber.
Semi-permanent data can be divided into two subsets:
1. So-called “site” data which provide a record of the site environment (subscribers,
configuration, etc...),
2. So-called “contract” data which are identical for all sites in a given country (e.g.
preliminary analysis data).
Temporary
127
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Data which can be dynamically regenerated. These data are either selected by default (local data
segment in software when loaded into memory) or deduced from the environment (circuit status,
ongoing communication context, etc.)
File
The data are grouped together in files. Like their content, these files also have a type:
permanent
file containing permanent data only,
semi-permanent
file containing at least one semi-permanent data item,
temporary
file containing temporary data only.
Normally, a file contains data of the same type.
Archive
An archive is a set of files described by a catalogue. The files making up an archive form a
coherent unit because they are grouped according to common functional criteria, usually per
software machine (ML).
There are two types of archive:
“Site” archives, which contain semi-permanent data,
“System” archives, which contain permanent and temporary files.
128
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
ARCHIVES LIST
129
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
130
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
TOKEN RING
GENERAL FEATURES OF TOKEN RING
Standardized (IEEE 802.5 Standard),
maximum of 250 stations on one ring,
rates: 4 Mbit/s,
directional asynchronous transmission between stations,
facility for broadcasting from one station to several, or all,
excellent transmission quality (coding, CRC),
ring management:
o decentralized arbitration on all stations,
o an elected station performs the monitor function.
TOKEN RING COUPLER
131
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
Characteristics
A Token Ring Coupler (ACAJQ).
Within the context of OCB 283 there are two types of Communications Multiplex:
the Interstation Multiplex (MIS) (1 MIS multiplex for command),
the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) (up to 4 MAS multiplexes for the
SMA - SMT and SMX).
Couplers which allow access to the MIS multiplex are called UCMISU.
Couplers which allow access to the MAS multiplex are called “CMAS”.
Each multiplex is made up of two rings:
Ring A
Ring B
When both rings are in service, they work in load sharing mode. If one of the rings comes out of
service the remaining ring must support all traffic.
Depending on its external positioning, a coupler can be called a “main coupler” or a “secondary
coupler”. The role of the main coupler is to provide supervision vis à-vis other components of
the station.
The hardware make-up of a coupler is the same whether it is a CMIS, a CMAS, a Main or a
Secondary coupler.
Depending of the configuration, there are:
0 to 4 MAS
Allocation of the MAS number
MAS: 1
T
2
S
3
T
4
T
MAS <<S>> used to connect the SMA containing the MLPUPE with or without MLETA
MAS <<T>> used to connect the SMT, SMX and SMA with MLETA only.
Physical Form
A token ring coupler is made up of:
an ACAJA board which comprises:
o a mother board which supports the management part of the coupler and ensures
access to the multiprocessor station bus (ACAJM board),
132
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
o a daughter board (ADAJ) which supports access to Ring A. This board handles
Levels I and 2 of IEEE 802.5 Standard (the topology of the ring and the insertion
command do not meet Level 1, and Level 2 is limited to the Framing and Access
Control),
an ACAJB board which supports access to Ring B. This board handles Level I and 2 of
IEEE 802.5, with the same restrictions as the ADAJ board. This board also makes it
possible to read the Station Number supplied by the Backplane,
2 AAISM mini-PCBs installed on the backplane perform the following functions:
o insertion of the adapter of the ADAJ board on Ring A,
o the other insertion of the adapter of the ACAJB board on Ring B.
Figure 1:
133
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
134
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SIMPLIFIED LOCAL CALL
BETWEEN 2 SUBSCRIBERS CONNECTED ON A CSN
The following diagrams show the functional organization of Alcatel 1000 E10 equipped with 2
local subscriber digital access units.
For each one of the stages of establishment of simplified local communication, the function or
functions implemented and the path followed by interchanges between those functions are
shown.
Note:
This concerns local communication between an ordinary A subscriber, equipped with a
pulse telephone set, connected to a local subscriber digital access unit going to a free
ordinary B subscriber connected to another local subscriber digital access unit.
NEW CALL
135
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
DATA REQUEST OF CALLING SUBSCRIBER
136
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SENDING OF DIAL TONE
137
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
FIRST DIGIT RECEPTION
STOP SENDING OF DIAL TONE
138
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
DIGIT ANALYSIS AND RECEPTION OF FOLLOWING DIGITS
139
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
TEST AND RINGING OF CALLED SUBSCRIBER
140
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
SENDING OF RING TONE
141
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
CALLED SUBSCRIBER ANSWER
142
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
STOPPING OF RING TONE
143
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
CONNECTION
144
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
STARTING OF CHARGING
145
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
146
QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA
147