Protein Synthesis Notes
DNA to proteins
Connections:
 Know where each stage of protein synthesis occurs in the cell.
 Given a sequence of DNA construct the protein using transcription and translation.
 Understand and demonstrate how start and stop codons effect the synthesis of a protein.
What is Protein Synthesis?
•
Protein synthesis is the process of making ______________________ from ____________.
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It has _______ stages
o ______________________________
o ______________________________
Protein Synthesis
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Transcription: _________ is made from __________
•
mRNA leaves the __________________ and goes to the ________________________.
•
o
Why make mRNA?
o
________________________________________________________________________
Translation: Ribosomes “read” the mRNA code and create a __________________ by bonding
individual ____________ __________ together.
________________
•
________________
_______ → → → → → → → → _________ → → → → → → → → ____________
mRNA vs DNA
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mRNA is a copy of the _________ that can ___________ the nucleus.
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mRNA is:
o The sugar ____________ instead of deoxyribose
o It is ________________________________
It has _____________ instead of _______________.
Transcription



 Transcription happens in the ___________________.
 It is where _________ is made from the _________ strand.
Only _______ side of the DNA strand is used.
 Given the following coding DNA strand perform transcription.
o C TT A GAGGC
o ______________________________________
Translation
 Translation happens in the ______________________.

o Protein is a long chain of bonded ____________ ___________.

o The mRNA tells the ribosome what the sequence of amino acids is for that protein.

 During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce

_____________.
 The “language” of mRNA instructions is called the ______________ ___________
mRNA is made up of _____, ______, ______, and _______.

 Notice there is no ______ in mRNA.
 The genetic code is read ___________ letters at a time.
o So, each “word” in mRNA is known as a ____________.
Translation Problem


 mRNA sequence:
AUG CGU ACC UUA CAG GGG
 Amino Acid Sequence:
_____________ - ____________ - ____________ - _____________- ____________ _____________
 Write a possible mRNA sequence for following protein:
 Possible mRNA sequence:
________ - ________ - ________ - ________
Protein Synthesis Problems
1. What is the protein constructed from the following strand of DNA:
TAC GGA TTC AGA
 Step 1: Transcription
________ - ________ - _________ - _________

 Step 2: Translation
_______________ - _______________ - _______________ - _______________

Start Codon Continued

 The _______________ reads the mRNA until it finds a __________ codon sequence.
 The start codon may be _____________ among the mRNA. The ribosome will read through
until it finds it.
Find the Start Codon






 Here is an mRNA sequence. 
AUGACUCCCUAACA
 Perform translation on the sequence
 What is the DNA sequence that made this mRNA?