PSYC 1101 Fall 2019
Exam 1 Study Guide
Chapter 1:
I.
What are psychology’s origins?
a. Early Foundations of psychology
i. Who were the early founders?
ii. What did they believe?
iii. What were some of the first psychology experiments?
1. First time study abnormal – psychodynamic
b. Know about the main perspectives in psychology today
i. Biological AC
ii. Cognitive what people thinking while finish the task
iii. Development how change over age
iv. Social and personality in group/how we perceive ourselves
v. Clinical what happens when brain goes wrong
Chapter 2:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Difference between objective and subjective measures
Confirmation bias
What is the scientific method?
a. Difference between a theory and a hypothesis
Descriptive vs. experimental methods
a. Examples of each
i. What are they?
b. Pros and cons of each
i. What can and can’t they do?
c. Ways of conducting experiments
i. Single vs. double blind – eliminate confirmation bias
ii. Placebo
iii. Control group
iv. Random assignment
Variables
a. IVs, DVs, confounding variables
b. Operationalizing variables
Statistics
a. Normal distribution
b. Measures of central tendency
c. Variance and standard deviation
d. Inferential vs. descriptive
i. Differences between the two
e. Reliability and validity
f. Statistical significance
Chapter 3:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Genotype vs. phenotype
Evolution of the human brain
Altruism
a. What is it?
b. Why do we do it?
Altruism – expectation that return will be in the future
Social nature of humans
a. Why did we evolve to exist in groups?
Likelihood of survival
Mate selection
a. Differences between genders in mate selection
i. What do males and females look for in long vs. short term mates?
1. Why?
b. Differences in mating and child rearing strategies in men
i. What are they
ii. Why might these differing strategies have developed?
1. How are each beneficial/detrimental to survival of potential
offspring?
Chapter 4:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Parts of the nervous system- where are they, what are their parts, and what do they
do?
a. Central nervous system
b. Peripheral nervous system
c. Autonomic nervous system
i. Sympathetic nervous system- fight or flight / sensation movement /
pressure touch
ii. Parasympathetic nervous system - storage
iii. Enteric nervous system – Second brain / strong relationship between gut
and brain
Cerebellum
a. Where is it?
b. What is it responsible for?
Subcortical structures
a. Thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia
i. Parts
ii. What does each part do?
The cortex
a. 4 lobes
i. What do they do?
ii. Where are they located?
b. Corpus callosum
c. Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
Thoughts are clear but difficult to produce each
V.
VI.
Neurons
a. What makes them unique?
b. What are their parts and what do they do?
i. Soma
ii. Axon
iii. Dendrites
iv. Axon terminals
v. Synaptic vesicles
vi. Synaptic gap
vii. Receptors
viii. Neurotransmitters – no need to know specific
Neural Signaling/Communication
a. Action potentials
i. What are they
ii. Characteristics of an action potential
iii. What are the steps to an action potential?
b. Electrical vs. chemical signaling
i. Electrical happens in neuron itself to transmit by crossing the gap by
chemical signaling
ii. When does a neuron use one vs. the other?
iii. What are the steps in each?
Know the step of action potential
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
At rest potential negative charged,
Some stimulus once cross Threshold to match potential
inter more positive charged than external
Steep rise as neuron becomes more positively charged
Peak positive > external positive
Potassium channels activate, when reach negative
Sodium channels reactivated, move back to neuron
Back to rest potential
All action potentials are the same, so no need to look at human brain.
Concentration change, but sodium and potassium
Diagram, what happed at each potential
What makes neuron unique?
Type of information transmit
Different kind of cells
Action c
Binary