STUDY GUIDE: Unit 1 Scientific Thinking and Chemistry of Life
1. What are the general steps of the scientific method? _____________________________________________
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2. What should be done after every experiment?​ (hint: this is usually not written, but is understood to be included)
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3. Describe the following:
Independent variable- _________________________________________________________________
Dependent variable- __________________________________________________________________
Constant- ___________________________________________________________________________
Control group- _________________________________________________________________________
Hypothesis- _________________________________________________________________________
4. What does it mean if your hypothesis is “rejected”? ____________________________________________
5. What does it mean if your hypothesis is “supported”? ___________________________________________
6. How many variables should an experiment test at one time? ______________________________________
7. What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? ​____________________________
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8. What is an atom? ________________________________________________________________________
9. What are the 3 subatomic particles and their charges? ___________________________________________,
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10. List two things the atomic number tells you about an atom.
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19. What is an organic molecule? ________________________________________________________________
12. Why are Carbon atoms so important in living things (carbon bonding)? ______________________________
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12. What is a compound? ____________________________________________________________________
13. Describe the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond. ______________________________
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14. What subatomic particle is involved in bonding, and what is the octet rule or rule of 8? ________________
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15. List and describe six properties of water.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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17. What is a hydrogen bond? _______________________________________________________________
18. How are hydrogen bonds different than ionic and covalent bonds? _______________________________
16. Describe a polar molecule, and draw water with it’s charges
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21. Use the word bank below to complete the chart, each term is used once:
Amino acid
Cell membrane
Builds muscles/structures
Cellulose
C, H, O
Energy
C, H, O, N
Energy
C, H, O, N, P
Enzyme
Carbohydrate
Genetic information
Cell membrane
Lipid
Macromolecule
Monomer
Function
Makes/synthesizes proteins
Monosaccharide (Sugar)
Nucleic acid
Nucleotide
Regulate reactions
Example
Elements
C, H, O
Fatty acid
Protein
1.
2.
1.
DNA
2.
RNA
22. What does pH measure? ___________________________________________________________________
23. Draw and label a pH scale. Label the number 0-14, label neutral, and label the range for acids and bases.
24. Define the 2 parts of a solution. ______________________________________________________________
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25. What is a chemical reaction? ________________________________________________________________
26. What are the 2 parts of a reaction? __________________(before arrow), __________________(after arrow)
27. What is activation energy? __________________________________________________________________
28. How do enzymes change the activation energy of a reaction? ______________________________________
29. Explain the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions. _____________________________
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30. Why is the structure of an enzyme important? __________________________________________________
31. What are two things that can denature (inactivate) an enzyme? _________________, __________________