Podcast #4 Imperialism 2.0
 Second wave imperialism in Modern History o After New World Colonization (Gold, God, Glory) o Silver, conversion, Haciendas, etc.
 Need by NICs: o Expansion of many European nations
 Ie. GBR o Massive amounts of raw materials o Markets
 US: expanded o Conquered Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Pacific Islands from Spain in 1898 war
 Spain: contracted o Lost colonies in Central/South America
 England: expanded o EIC taken over by crown o Raj in India o Opium smuggling to China
 Ottomans: contracted o Lost territory
 China-England Trade o Hong traders would force international tradesman to meet in Canton and pay tributes (in silver or trade) o England could not pay for the trade (they didn’t even have goods that the Chinese would accept) o Britain smuggled in opium produced in India
 This became profitable for British as Chinese became addicted to the drug
 British no longer had to pay in silver and they were making profits off the opium o Opium wars:
 Britain= “free trade”. Really was to sell opium
 China was no match to the industrial country o Treaty of Nanjing:
 Unfair
 Extra territoriality (Diplomatic immunity)
 5 ports had to be open to GBR
 Allow missionaries in o Taipeng Rebellion:
 Religious movement motivated by change in perspective of history
 Qing was weakening from rebellion (lent a hand to decentralization)
 Asked local warlords to crush rebellion

 30 million died o Self strengthening movement:
 Shipbuilding yard
 Industry
 Modernize military
 Foreign dept (International relations)
 Translate western texts (scientific/mathematic texts) o Spheres of Influence
 Regions that were controlled by other nations (ie. Those listed below)
 Japan
 Germany
 France
 GBR o 100 Days or Reform:
 Attempt to reform Chinese education (most western education) and streamline bureaucracy
 Manchu leaders and conservative Confucians wanted to crush rebellion so they executed those involved. o Boxers (trained in martial arts. Had religious)
 They wanted to stop the western influence on China
(particularly in North, near Russia)
 They were defeated by Russians in a battle
 They were also executed by local warlords o Decentralization of China
 Local warlords were splitting the empire
 Last civil service examination in 1905
 Final emperor deposed in 1911
 China’s future unsure (entered tumultuous future)
 Japan o Had to impose reforms
 China vs Japan:
 China began 1800s as it normally had (A lot of
Neoconfucianism). Secular government
 Japan was ethnically homogeneous
 Japan was even more secluded (Dutch port in Nagasaki) o Where they learned about Western ideas
 Japan was demanded unequal treaty by US o Demanded extraterritoriality o Ended this and with other nations in 1898
 Maji Restoration (Incredible reforms greater than RUS/CHN)
 Ended feudalism
 Political power centralized (give power back to emperor)

 Did not make major changes but subtle changes that seemed to fit into normal Japanese society (while
Western ideas were implemented)
 Parliament (German style. Emperor could appoint his ministers)
 Banned samurai class (But had them learn trade and business in US and Europe)
 Rapid industrialization o One of fastest most successful o Cartel families (very powerful). Came from
Samurai o Yashuda Family (Yashuda Maji owns many insurance companies today) o Mitsubishi
 Members of parliament were responsive to needs of wealthy o Because 5% of men voted (and were wealthiest men)
 Sino Japanese War o Japan vs. China for control of Korea
 Baltic Fleet (Russian) o Japanese sunk fleet in 5hrs
 Asian power had defeated a NIC European power