Asia
The riches of the East
India

The British East India
Company
– Started as a trading company
in India for spices

When Indian Princes refused
to allow the company to trade
the Company created an
army and conquered the
nations
“Jewel of the
Crown”

British took over India
– Indians resisted, but were
unsuccessful
India: 18c-early 19c
British East India Company
Agents
British Opium Warehouse in
Patna, India
Selling Patna
Opium in China
•Sepoy Mutiny: 1857-58
•Indian soldiers refused to load their rifles and were
imprisoned. Once freed they killed British officers and
marched to Delhi to restore the Mughal emperor to the
throne
•Britain re-took control and established Queen
Victoria as Empress of India
Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last
Mughal Emperor
He was deposed by the
British, and died in exile in
Burma
Queen Victoria in India
A Life
of
Leisure!
Darjeeling Railroad, 1880s
Simla: Little England in the
mountains of India
Victoria Station, Bombay
Chartered Bank of Calcutta,
1915
Indian National Congress
(formed in 1885)



Educated Indians, predominantly
Hindu, demanded increasing equality
& self-gov't
Independce movements start in 1915
India became independent in 1946 (just
after WWII)
Indian National Congress
Young Mohandas K. Gandhi,
1876
1869 - 1948
Gandhi with the London
vegetarian society, 1890
Gandhi as a Lawyer in
Johannesburg, So. Africa

Complete activity “British Imperialism
in India”
Imperialism in SE Asia

Complete Activity: 11.5
China
The Middle Kingdom
to the European
Playground
Center of the
World

Self-sufficient

Healthy agriculture of
rice and tea

Rich salt, iron, silver,
and tin mines

Beautiful silks, cottons
and porcelain
Tea for Opium (drug)



Europeans wanted
China’s Tea
China only wanted
silver as payment
Europeans introduced
Opium to pay for tea
– Opium is illegal in
Britain

By 1835, 12 million
Chinese were addicts
Opium War




Chinese ask Britain to
stop importing Opium
British refuses and
China declares war
(1839)
China loses, Britain
gains port of Hong Kong
Opium trade continues
China’s Weakness (1850-1911)
China’s leader: Empress Cixi
-Led as part of the Manchu
Qing Dynasty
 Wanted no reforms
because it would weaken
her power
– Taiping Rebellion

Converted Chinese Christians
led rebellions against
traditionalist
– Chinese government thought
accepting Western religions
was dangerous.
• Defeated the rebellion
with help of Europeans
After the Chinese get help
from the Europeans…

China is carved up into Spheres of
Influence
– By Britain, France, Germany, Russia,
Japan, even Portugal
Question…

Several internal forces make Africa
vulnerable to colonization (a variety of
cultures and languages with internal
strife, low technology, and ethnic
strife). What internal forced affected
the Western cultures dominating
China?
Question…

Several internal forces make Africa vulnerable to colonization
(a variety of cultures and languages with internal strife, low
technology, and ethnic strife). What internal forced affected
the Western cultures dominating China?
– Lack of advanced military technology in
China
– Domestic issues
– Weak central government
– Difficulties caused by opium imports

What might these “spears” lead to?
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
The Peaceful Harmonious
Fists.
“55 Days at Peking.”
“The Catholics…have conspired with foreigners, have
caused China trouble, wasted our national revenue,
broken up our monasteries, destroyed Buddhist
images, and seized our people’s graveyards.
Now…all the sprits have descended to teach our
young men their magic boxing so they can
extinguish the foreigners.”
Boxer Rebellion (1900)
“Death to the foreign devils”

Boxers attacked foreign
section of Beijing
– Took hostages
 20,000 foreign troops
were sent to free
hostages sent by:
– UK, France, Germany, Austria,
Italy, Russia, Japan, US

Foreign troops won easily
Chinese “Republic”?
 Sun
Yixian (Sun Yat-
sen)
– Leader of the Kuomintang
(Nationalist Party)
– Doesn’t last long

By 1916, Chinese Civil war

Complete Activity 12.2
Japan
Land of the Rising Sun
From
1639 to
1854


Controlled by the Shogun
(military leader)
Closed to the outside world
– Only port of Nagasaki was
open to the Dutch
– Shipwrecked sailors were
beheaded

Anti-Western and AntiChristian: no missionaries
allowed in



US Commodore Matthew Perry
1853 US sends 4 warships to Edo
(Tokyo)
1854 US sends 10 warships (1,600
men) to receive Japan’s answer
European nations soon follow
 Group
Meiji Era
of reform minded
Samurai wanted to copy
West
– Shogun was unwilling to
change
 Reformers
backed the
young Emperor (15 yrs
old)
– Emperor wins and changes his
name to Meiji
“Enlightened Rule”
reforms

Copies western nations
– Universal education (US)
– strong central government
(Germany)
– Army (France then Germany’s)
– Navy (Britain’s)
Modernization

Industrialization
– 1872 Japan builds first
railroad
– Thousands of factories
– Export tea and silk to import
machinery

Armed Forces
– 1890 Japan had 500,000
soldiers
– Trained in western tactics
with modern weapons
Expansion

Sino(Chinese)Japanese War (1895)
– Fought over Korea
 Japan
wins
– Gains island of Taiwan
Russo-Japanese War (1904)

Fought over Korea and
Manchuria
– Japan destroys Russian
fleets
– Japan annexes (claims)
Korea and controls
Manchuria
Korea: the Japanese Colony
Japanese Invade Korea

Schools were taught in
Japanese
– No Korean history

Took land from Koreans
and gave it to Japanese
– Illegal for Korean to own
businesses in Japan

But…Japan did modernize
Korea
Korean Resistance Fighters
The last piece of the Asian puzzle
America’s Empire
in the East

Spanish-American War (1898)
– King Philip II of Spain had
conquered the Philippines in the
1500’s
– America declares war on Spain
in a dispute over Cuba
 America
wins the Philippines,
Guam, Puerto Rico and control
over Cuba
Filipino
Resistance

The Filipinos expected to be
granted independence but
instead were handed over to
the US

For two years Filipino rebels
fought against the US
Australia

Britain sets up a
Penal (prison)
colony in Australia.

Great place to
dump extra
population.

Australia was
granted self-rule by
the British in 1901