Reactant --> Product
Law of Conservation of Mass: the mass of reactant = mass of product
Factors that increase the Rate of Reaction:
Temperature
Catalyst
Concentration (amount)
Surface Area
Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen Gas
Test for Hydrogen gas: Pop Test
Word equation: Calcium + Hydrochloric Acid → Calcium Chloride + Hydrogen gas
Chemical Equation: Ca + HCl → CaCl + H
Acid + Base = Salt + Water
Test: Litmus Paper
Word equation: Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Hydroxide → Sodium Chloride + Water
Chemical Equation: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
Common Acids:
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Nitric Acid (HNO3)
Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH)
Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Carbon Dioxide
Test for Carbon Dioxide: Mix Carbon Dioxide with limewater. If the limewater changes colour that means
Carbon Dioxide is present.
Word equation: Nitric Acid + Copper Carbonate → Copper Nitrate + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Chemical Equation: 2HNO3 + CuCO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2
Thermal Decomposition
Definition: a single reactant is heated to a high temperature until it breaks apart to form several reactants.
Composition/Synthesis
Definition: when two reactants combine to form a single reactant
Combustion
Definition: a reaction in which something reacts with oxygen
Fuel + Oxygen → Energy
Solubility (how well a substance dissolves in another substance)
Definition: two solutions are mixed together to form a insoluble (cannot dissolve) product called a solid
precipitate.
Balancing Chemical Equations