There are a few important substances that can move into and out of the
cell freely; they are:
water,
oxygen,
carbon dioxide.
Cell size is limited because:
need optimum surface area to volume ratio,
ability of nucleus to control functions within the cell,
limited surface area of the cell membrane for mineral and gas
exchange,
as a cell grows bigger the amount of nutrients and wastes that must be
exchanged w/the environment grows faster
The components of the cell membrane include
phospholipids bilayer
proteins (3 kinds)
-transport
-receptor
-recognition
cholesterol
Structures responsible for moving substances throughout the cell
cytoskeleton
microtubules
microfilaments
rough ER
smooth ER
golgi apparatus
Proteins might be found within the cell in these locations
cell membrane
ribosomes
nucleolus
rough ER
Golgi apparatus
The functions of bone include
support
protection
movement
mineral storage
blood cell formation
Classification of bones
long bones
short bones
sesamoid bones
flat bones
irregular bones
Parts of a typical bone
diaphysis
epiphysis
compact bone
spongy bone
blood vessels
medullary cavity
membranes
periosteum
endosteum
cranial bones include
fronal
parietal
occipital
temporal
sphenoid
ethmoid
ear ossicles
facial bones include
mandible
maxilla
zygomatic
nasal
lacrimal
palatine
vomer
inferior nasal concha
the vertebral column can be divided into 5 sections
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
the sternum can be divided into several sections
manubrium
sternal angle
body
xiphisternal joing
xiphoid process
The pectoral girdle, or shoulder girdle, includes the following bones
clavicles
scapulae
The appendicular skeleton of the upper body includes
clavicles
scapulae
humerus
radius
ulna
carpals
metacarpals
phalanges
The appendicular skeleton of the lower body includes
pelvic girdle ( 2 coxal bones)
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
phalanges
The bones of the pelvis include
ilium
ischium
sacrum
coccyx
pubis
eukaryotic or multicellular organisms are classified in a hierarchy of
systems working together ranging from the smallest living unit to the
largest
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms