kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
t]¸À þ III
B[p-\n-I Ihn-X(Modern Poetry)
H¶mw hÀjw
(2015 AUvan-j³)
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut University P.O. , Malappuram, PIN - 673635
2003
B[p-\n-I IhnX
1
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Study material
I MA MALAYALAM
B[p-\nI IhnX
Prepared by
hn. sI. joP
Akn-Ìâ v s{]m^-kÀ
ae-bmf hn`mKw
aPvenkv BÀSvkv Bâ v kb³kv tImtfPv
]pd-a-®qÀ, hfm-t©cn
Edited and Scrutinised by
tUm. hn.A\nÂIpamÀ,
s{]m^kÀ,
aebmf
Im-en-¡äv bqWn-th-gvknän.
Type settings & Lay out
Computer Section, SDE
©
Reserved
B[p-\n-I IhnX
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kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hnjb kqNn
P
P
P
P
P
B[p-\n-I IhnX
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kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
B[p-\n-I IhnX
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kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
B[p-\n-I Ihn-X(Modern Poetry)
B[p-\n-IX \Kc tI{µo-Ir-X-amb {]Øm-\-am-Wv. e­³, ]mcokv XpS-§nb \K-c§-fm-bn-cp¶p kmln-Xy-¯n-tebpw Ie-bn-tebpw ka{K ]cn-hÀ¯-\¯
- n-\pÅ thZn. kmÀhtZ-io-b-amWv Cu {]Øm-\w. hyh-kmb hn¹-h-t¯m-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v PohnXw \K-c-tI-{µn-Xambn XpS-§p¶ kml-Ncyw sdmamân-k¯
-- nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-am-Wv. hmkvX-h-¯n B[p\nI bpK-¯nsâ BhnÀ`m-hw-Xs¶ b{´-h-XvIrX hyh-km-b-¯nsâ hc-thm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv.
F´mWv B[p-\n-IX? Hä-hm-¡n ]d-ªm AXp ]pXnb temI-¯nsâ Ncn-{Xm-\p-`ht¯mSpÅ {]Xn-Úm-_-²-X-bmWv. Cu A\p-`hw sshcp-²ym-ß-I-amWv. Øe-t¯bpw Imet¯bpw Ah-\-h-t\bpw A]-c-tcbpw Ipdn-¨p-Å, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ {]`m-]qÀWhpw
Xtam-a-b-hp-amb hnImk km[y-X-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Hcp ka{K t_m[-am-W-Xv. Hcp hi¯v
\ap¡v iànbpw Blvfm-Zhpw hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶ Hcp ]cn-k-c-ambn B[p-\n-Im-\p-`hw
\s½ s]mXn-bp-¶p. adp-h-i¯v \½psS temI-t¯bpw \³a-tbbpw ap¨qSpw apSn-¡p¶ Hcp
Bkp-cX
- s
- b-¡p-dn¨v AXv \s½ DXvIW
- vTm-Ip-ec
- m-¡p-¶p. {]Xym-ibpw kw`o-Xnbpw \ndª
Hc-\p-`h
- a
- m-WX
- .v ka-c¯
- n-sâbpw kµn-KZv X
- b
- p-sSbpw kwLÀj-¯n-tâbpw DZzn-áX
- b
- p-tSbpw
thK-amÀ¶ Hcp Npgen \s½ Ahn-cmaambn th«-bm-Sp-¶p.
B[p-\n-I-Xb
- psS Cu {]N-Þt£m-`¯
- n\v Hcp ]mSv LS-I§
- Ä kw`m-h\ sNbvXn«p-­v. imkv{Xob Úm\s¯ kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bm¡n amän ]pXnb PohnX ]cn-k-c-§Ä
krjvSn¨v Pohn-X-¯n\p thKw Iq«n A[n-Im-c-¯n-tâbpw hÀK ka-c-¯n-tâbpw ]p¯³
cq]-§Ä¡v ]ndhntb-Ip¶ DXv]
- m-Z\
- ¯
- n-sâbpw hyh-km-bh
- X
- ¡
v c
- W
- w, e£-¡W
- ¡
- n\p a\pjysc ]nXr-`q-an-bnÂ\n¶pw ]dn-s¨-Sp¯v \qX\ Pohn-X-¯n-te¡v FSp-s¯dn-bp¶ P\-kwJym- hym-]m-c-amb A«n-a-dn-IÄ AXn-io-{Lhpw ]e-t¸mgpw AXn-Zm-cp-Whp-amb \K-c-hn-Ik\w {[phm-´c
- §fpÅ kaq-lt- ¯bpw P\-Xt- bbpw H¶n-¨v Bh-cWw sN¿p-Ibpw Iq«n-bnW-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ _lp-P\ kwth-Z\
- a
- m-[y-a§
- Ä, Zn\w-{]Xn iàn-bmÀPn-¡p-Ibpw Hcp
DtZymKØ {]`p hÀK-¯n-eqsS kwL-Sn-¸n¨v \S-¯p-Ibpw A[n-Imc hnI-k\
- ¯
- n-\pÅ {ia§-fn ]e-t¸mgpw `oIc tkzÑm-[n-]-Xy-§-fmbn amdp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ `oIc cmjv{S-§Ä þ
CsX-Ãmw- DÄtNÀ¶ k¦oÀ®-amb Hcp temI Ncn{X {]{In-b-bmWv B[p-\n-IX
- .
B[p-\n-IX Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶Xv, ka-{K-Po-hn-Xm-ht- _m-[hpw k¦oÀ®-amb PohnX
kml-N-cy-§-fn aqey-§Ä ]X-dn -sIm-gn-bp¶ AhØ t\cn-Sp¶ a\p-jy-s\-bpam-Wv.
CS-¯-c-¡m-cpsS kaq-l-¯nsâ kw-LÀj-§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-Sp¯n hmbn-¡m-hp¶ Hcp
Xew B[p-\nI Ihn- X - I Ä¡p­v. hyàn-bpsS \nÊm- c Xzw, k¼-¯nsâ
krjvSnþØnXnþkwlm-cI
- Xzw, {KmaoW ImÀjnI kwkv¡m-c¯
- nsâ Xotcm-[m-\w, BØm\¯p Ib-dn-]-äp¶ It¼mf \mK-cnI kwkvImcw F¶n-§s\ C´y-bn hfÀ¶ apX-emfn-Xz-¯nsâ kz`m-h-§Ä; B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bnse hyàn t\cn-Sp¶ kml-N-cy-§Ä kmam\y-ambn CXm-Wv.
h³ \K-c-§Ä hfÀ¶p-h-¶n-«nà tIc-f-¯nse \mK-co-I-c-Ww, {]hr-¯n-ta-J-e-bpsS
\Ã `mKw Irjn- b - Ã m- X m- h p- I bpw, Irjn- b nÂt]mepw apX- e m- f n¯ coXn- b n- e pÅ
sXmgnÂ_Ôw hfcp-Ibpw sNbvXtXmsS \mK-cn-I-sa¶v hnfn-¡m-hp¶ Hcp kwkv¡mcw
{Kma-§-fn-te¡p IqSn hym]n-¡p-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv. B[p-\n-I-Xbv¡v ap³]pw Cu amä-§Ä
kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ Ihn-X-IÄ D­mbn-«p-­v. CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS "s\Ãp-Ip-¯p-Imcn ]mdp-hnsâ IY',
"Ipän-¸pdw ]mew', sshtem-¸n-Ån-bpsS "bpK-]c
- n-hÀ¯\w' apX-emb Ihn-XI
- f
- n Cu Awiap-­v. hyàn--_-Ô-§sf ]p\À\nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ kqN\ bpK-]-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n-ep-­v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
5
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cyÀ, A¡n¯w apX-em-b-h-cpsS Nne Ihn-X-Ifnepw Cu {]iv\w ]cnK-Wn-¨n-«p-­v. hnj-b-t¯mSv Imev]-\n-I-amb kao-]\w Ch-bn-sem-¶p-an-Ã. Nn´-bp-tSbpw
Bi-b-¯n-tâbpw inÂ]-am-Wnh. an¡-hm-dpw B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS coXnbpw AXm-Wv.
h³ \K-c-§Ä tI{µo-I-cn-¨pÅ kmt¦-Xn-I-Xzm-[n-]-Xyhpw temI-bp-²-§-fpsS Zpc´-hp-amWv ]Sn-ªm-d³ B[p-\n-I-X-bnse hyànsb Gsdbpw A\y-h-Xv¡-cn-¨-sX-¦nÂ,
cmjv{Sob kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-]-cn-Wm-a-¯n A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp¶ s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sp-I-fmWv aebm-f-¯n B[p-\n-I-X-bnse hyànsb Gsdbpw sXän-¸n-cn-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¨-Xv. B[p-\nIX \nco-£-W-¯n-tâbpw ]co-£-W-¯n-tâbpw ]T-\-¯n-tâbpw Nn´-bp-sSbpw BsI¯p-I-bm-Wv. ae-bm-f-¯nsâ B[p-\n-IX ]Sn-ªm-d³ Nc-¡m-sW¶pw Asöpw hmZ-{]Xn-hmZw \ne-\n¡p-¶p. 1970 Ifn ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn \S¶ cmjv{Sob hXv¡-c-Whpw
sshtZ-in-Im-i-b-hpw hntZi Ihn-X-I-fnÂ\n¶v e`n-¨n-«pÅXmWv. B[p-\nI ae-bmf IhnX-bpsS cq]-in-ev]-t¯bpw Ah kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-­v. ]pXnb Bi-b-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw cq]inÂ]t¯bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ Adn-hp-ambn ]Sn-ªm-d³ B[p-\n-IX B[p-\nI ae-bmf IhnXm-]-cn-k-c-¯n D­m-bn-cp¶p F¶À°w.
B[p-\n-I-Xbv¡v ap³]v ae-bm-f-¯n {]mam-Wy-amÀÖn-¨n-cp-¶Xv N§¼pg hg¡hpw BJym-\-{]-[m-\-amb bYm-X-Y-co-Xnbpw Bbn-cp-¶p. Cu c­p coXo-I-fp-tSbpw apJy
kz`m-h-§sf A]-cn-Nn-X-h-Xv¡-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv B[p-\nI Ihn-X. B[p-\nI Ihn-X-bnÂ
IYm-Jym-\-¯n\v henb Øm\-an-Ã. [z\-\-k-aÀY-amb Iev]\m Nn{X-§-fp-tSbpw AÀ°§Ä \nd-¨p-sh¨ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fp-tSbpw t_m[]qÀÆ-amb hn\ymk\-¯n-eqsS krjvSn¡p¶ inÂ]-amWv Hcp hi-¯v, adp-h-i¯v Xpd¶ Bt£-]-lm-ky-hpw. \K-c-kw-kvIr-XnbpsS hc-hn-s\-¸än CS-tÈ-cn-bpw, \K-c-s¯-]än F³.-hn.bpw Fgp-Xnb Ihn-X-I-fn \n¶v
am[-h³ A¿-¸-¯n-tâbpw I¡m-Sn-tâbpw \K-c-hn-j-b-amb Ihn-X-IÄ thdn«p \n¡p¶Xv F§-s\-sb¶v ]cn-tim-[n-¨m C¡mcyw hyà-am-Ipw. B[p-\nI IhnX Gdnb
Iqdpw Ah-Øm-Nn-{Xtam {]kvXm-h-\tbm Bbn-«mWv ImWp-¶-Xv. H¶n \n¶pw asäm-¶nte¡v F¶ a«n-epÅ {Inbm-ß-I-amb ]ptcm-KXn Ah-bn Ipd-hm-Wv. tcJo-b-amb Ime
k¦ev]w Ah-bn-en-Ã, Øe-¯n \nÀ½n¨ inÂ]-amWv an¡-hm-dpw. F¶m hyàn
B[p-\nI Ihn-Xb
- n \n¶v Xosc Xntcm-[m\w sN¿p-¶nà F¶Xpw {it²-b-amWv. hyànXs¶bmWv ]e-t¸mgpw AXnsâ tI{µw. hyàn-Xz¯nsâ inYn-eo-Ic
- Ww F¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ
]e-t¸mgpw ]p\À \nÀh-N-\-§tfm ]p\À\nÀ½n-Xn-Itfm Bbn AXp- am-dp-¶p. Bhn-jv¡c-W-co-Xn- GXm-bm-epw B[p-\nI Ihn-X-I-fn ]e-Xn-tâbpw ASn-Øm-\- kz-`mhw ZpxJamWv. hyàn-tI-{µo-IrX ZpxJw. CXn Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS Awi-ap-s­¶p XoÀ¨-bm-Wv.
]t£ {]Øm\w F¶ \nebv¡v ImÂ]-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS at\m-`m-h-¯n \n¶v {]ISamb amä-§Ä Chn-sS-bp-­v. Ihn-Xs
- b-¡p-dn-¨p-Å k¦-ev]¯
- n amä-ap-­m-Ip-¶X
- p-sIm­v
B[p-\nI IhnX hmbn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv A[n-I-]-£hpw B[p-\nI IhnX F¶ \ne-bnÂ
inÂ]-s¯-¡p-dn-¨pÅ \ho-IrX t_m[-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. Cu \ho-Ir-Xt- _m-[hpw ]pXnb
cq]-inÂ]hpw Htc AI-e-¯n k©-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv Ihn-X-bpsS ]pXpa kmÀ°Iamhp¶-Xv.
B[p-\nI \Kc ]cn-jvIr-Xnbpw AXnsâ Imhy-]-chpw ZmÀi-\n-I-hp-amb {]iv\§fpw ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn BZy-ambn {]Xn-hn[n tXSp-¶Xv am[-h³ A¿-¸-¯nsâ Ihn-XI-fn-em-sW¶v F³.-F³.-I¡
- mSv A`n-{]m-bs
- ¸-«n-«p-­.v A¿-¸¯
- nsâ aWn-bd- ¡
- h
- n-Xb
- n-tebpw
"Poh-N-cn-{X-¯n-te¡v' "shfn-¨-¯n-te¡v' apX-emb Ihn-X-I-fn-tebpw \mb-I³ GIm-Inbmb \K-c-Po-hn-bm-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
6
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
B[p-\nI \Kc kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS hym]-\hpw AXnsâ `mK-am-Im³ \nÀ_-Ôn-X\mb CS-¯-c-¡m-c³ t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§-fp-amWv I¡m-Snsâ Ihn-X-I-fnse apJy-hn-j-bw.
]mXm-fw, \c-Iw, cm£-k³ apX-emb ]Z-{]-tbm-K-§-fmWv \K-cs¯ Ipdn-¡m³ {]mtbW
I¡mSv D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. I¡m-Snsâ \Kc Ihn-X-I-fpsS tI{µ-Øm-\¯v {]Xn-jvTn-¡mhp¶ IrXn-bmWv "]mXm-f-¯nsâ apg¡w'.
{Kma-¯n-tâbpw \K-c-¯n-tâbpw ImgvN A[n-I-]-£hpw Bi-b-\n-jvT-ambns¡m­pÅ Cu coXn-bnÂ\n¶v Aev]w hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]-\-amWv IS-a-\n-«-bpsS Ihn-X-Ifn ImWp-¶-Xv. ImÀjn-Ihpw A\p-jvTm-\-\nÀ`-c-hp-amb {KmaoW PohnX coXn-bmWv AXv
tI{µ-ambn kzoI-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. {Kmam-h-t_m[w \jvS-s¸« {]Ir-Xn-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ hnem-]ambpw AXp hos­-Sp-¡m-\pÅ \nÝ-ba
- mbpw ]n¡me Ihn-XI
- -fn hnI-kn-¡p¶pap­v.
AhnsS {]IrXn A\ym-[o-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-Itbm \in-¸n-¡p-Itbm sNbvX P³anXzw t]mepÅ
A[n-Im-c-§-fpsS FÃm cq]-§-tfmSpw Gäp ap«p-¶ A[-Øn-Xcpw A[-Ir-X-cp-amb P\-§fnÂ\n¶v DbnÀsIm-Åp¶ hn¹-h-t_m-[-ambn Cu ho£Ww cq]w -{]m-]n-¡p-¶p.
1956  BäqÀ chn-hÀ½ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ "]pXnb a\p-jy³' \K-c-hm-kn-bmb B[p\nI a\p-jy³ X-s¶. Ncn-{X-¯n CXp-hsc kw`-hn-¨n-«n-Ãm¯ kr-jvSn-bmWv Cu \Kc
a\p-jy³ F¶mWv XpSÀ¶pÅ {]kvXm-h-\. B[p-\nI a\p-jysâ GIm-In-Xbpw iq\yXbpw `bhpw t]mcm-bvabpw s]mXp-hn A\y-Xz-t_m[w Bäq-cnsâ C¡m-es¯ Ihn-X-IfpsS {][m-\-s¸« Cg-bm-Wv. AXn\v Hcp \K-cm-\p-`-h-¯nsâ ]Ým-¯-e-ap-­v. "Ah³
Rm\tÃm' F¶ Ihn-Xb
- nse DtZym-KP
- o-hn¡v A\p-`h
- s
- ¸-Sp-¶Xv Cu A\y-Xz-t_m-[w Xs¶.
tIc-f-¯n hfÀ¶p-h-cp¶ \K-c-kw-kv¡m-c-t¯mSv hyàn CS-s]-Sp-¶-Xnsâ tcJIÄ A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡-cpsS Nne Ihn-X-I-fn-ep-­v. {]kn-²-amb "Ipcp-t£{Xw' CXn-s\mcp DZml-c-W-am-Wv. hnaÀi-\-¯n\v A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡-cpsS IhnX kzoI-cn-¡p¶ Hcp amÀKw lmkyam-Wv. hnaÀi-\m-ß-I-amb Hcp Nncn-bn icnsb Ipdn-¨pÅ Hcp t_m[w AS-§n-bn-cn-¡pw.
arXyp ]qP-bn AgpIn XpS-§nb ka-ImenI kaq-l-s¯-¡p-dn¨v kqNn-¸n-¡p- t¼mÄ kzcw
]cn-lmkw sIm­{X ISp-¯n-cp-¶n-Ã, "IpSpw_ ]pcmW'¯nÂ.
X¶-bÂ]-¡-¯-c-h-bÀ \nd-bm-s]-®n\p
s]cp-h-bÀ \ÂIpw aÀ¯y\p
kvXpXn ]mSp-I \mw
F¶v XInSw adnªp t]mb-Xnsâ hnjmZw AXn \mw tIÄ¡p-¶p. Ch-bn A´Àeo\-am-bn-«pÅ lmkw ]n¡m-e¯v cq£-amb ]cn-lm-k-ambn amdp-¶p.
k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ `qcn-`mKw Ihn-X-I-fp-tSbpw ASn-Øm\w B[p-\nI C´y³ AhØ-bpsS cmjv{So-b-amb \nco-£-W-§-fmWv. Cu \nco-£-W-¯nsâ ZÀi-\-]-c-amb ASn¯d amÀIvkn-k-am-Wv. R§Ä, Xos¯¿w, Iyq_ F¶o Ihn-X-IÄ HmÀ½n-¡mw.
Npcp-¡-¯n Ihn-X-sb-¸än \ne-hn-epÅ [mc-W-IÄ ]pXp-¡p-¶-Xn B[p-\nI
IhnX ]¦p hln-¨n«p­v. B[p-\nI ]mÝmXy Ihn-X-bnse hn¹-h-]-c-amb cq] ]co-£W-§sf kw_-Ôn¨ Adnh,v cq]-s¯-Ip-dn¨v \ho-\-amb t_m[w krjvSn-¡m-\pÅ kqN\-I-fmbn ae-bm-f-¯n {]hÀ¯n-¨n-«p-­v. _nw_-§-fn-eqsS kwkm-cn-¡p¶ coXn kmÀh{Xn-I-am-¡p-¶Xpw cq]Iw tIhew Ae-¦m-c-t¯-¡mÄ {][m-\-am-Ip-¶Xpw B[p-\nI IhnI-fpsS kz`m-h-am-Wv.
¢mknknkw
Pohn-Xm-\p-Ic
- W ]cX, aqey hnj-bI
- a
- mb B[n-Im-cn-IX, hyh-Øn-XXzw, kv]jvSX,
Kuc-hm-h-l-amb emfnXyw, cq]-`m-h-§-fpsS Iqdn-W¡w XpS-§n-bh
- s
- bÃmw ¢mknIv kmlnXy-¯nsâ [À½-§-fm-Wv. ]ucm-Wn-Isc kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw a\p-jy-cpsS apJy-amb ]TB[p-\n-I IhnX
7
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
\-hkvXp a\p-jy³ Xs¶-bm-Wv. -eu-Io-IXzw ¢mkn-¡p-I-fpsS apJyamb kz`m-h-am-Wv. ]dbm\p-ÅXv \à coXn-bn ]d-bp-¶-Xn-\m ]ucm-WnI IrXn-IÄ F{X ]cn-hr¯n thWsa-¦nepw tIÄ¡m-sa-¶X
- m-W,v ¢mkn-¡p-If
- psS Hcp hiy [À½-ambn hmÄ«À t]äÀ¡v tXm¶p¶-Xv. \½psS ]qÀÆnI ]c-¼-csb ckn-¸n¨ Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-§Ä sIm­p- Xs¶ ¢mkn-¡pIÄ ]n³Kman-I-fmb \½-tfbpw ckn-¸n-¡p-¶p. jnÃÀ jvteK XpS-§nb PÀ½³ \ncq-]IÀ ¢mknIv Iesb kuµ-cy-ambpw sdmamânIv Iesb DuÀÖ-ambpw ImWp-¶p. alm-Ihn
sKzbvsYbpsS A`n-{]m-b-¯n ¢mknIv Ie Btcm-Ky-]qÀWhpw sdmamânIv Ie tcmKm[o-\-hp-am-Wv. F´mWv ¢mknIv? ImÂhnt\m-hnsâ \nÀh-N-\-§Ä t\m¡p-I.
1. [mcmfw hmbn-¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ, "Rm³ ho­pw hmbn-¡p-I-bmWv F¶-ÃmsX', Rm³
hmbn-¡p-I-bmWv F¶v GXn-s\-Ip-dn¨v ]d-bp-¶pthm AXmWv ¢mknIv IrXn.
2. Bfp-IÄ hmbn¨v CjvS-s]-«v kp£n-¡p¶ IrXn.
3. hyàn-bp-tSbpw kaq-l¯
- n-tâbpw At_m-[a
- \
- Ê
- n {]Ñ-¶a
- mbncn¡p-¶Xpw kvarXnbn \ns¶m-cn-¡epw \njvIm-knXamIm-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xpw khn-ti-ja
- mb kzm[o\ iàn
sNep-¯p¶Xpamb IrXn .
4. kzbw amä-an-Ãm-Xn-cn-s¡ Xs¶ hmb-\-¡m-cpsS ]Iz-X-bvs¡m¯v ho­p-apÅ hmb\-b n ]pXnb I­-¯ -en-te-¡pÅ kap-{Z-bm-\-ambn BZy ]mcm-b-W-a mbn
tXm¶n¸n¡p¶ IrXn.
5. Hmtcm hmb-\bpw ho­p-apÅ hmb-\-bm-bn- tXm-¶n-¸n-¡p¶ IrXn.
6. ]d-bm-\p-ÅXv Hcn-¡epw ]dªp XoÀ¶n-«n-Ãm¯ IrXn.
ap³]v \ap¡v Adn-hn-Ãm-¯-Xmb H¶pw ¢mknIv IrXn ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶n-Ã, \mw Adnªp-t]m¶ Imcyw BZyw Bcv GXv {]I-c-W-¯n-emWv ]d-ªXv Fs¶m-c-dnhv
]pXp-Xmbn \ÂIp-¶p. Hmtcm ¢mknIv IrXnbpw hntbm-Pn-¸nepw \s½ _Ô-s¸-Sp¯p-Ibpw kzbw Adn-bm³ \½sf klm-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Fgp-¯-Im-csâ
IrXnbmWv. kml-Ncyw Hcp s]mcp-¯-hp-an-Ãm¯ XmXv¡m-enI XmXv]-cy-§-fpsS
\nb-{´-W-¯n-em-bn-cns¡ Xs¶ Hcp ]Ým-¯e i_vZ-ambn kZm- hÀ¯n-¡p¶p
¢mknIv IrXn-IÄ. \mw Bcm-sW¶pw FhnsSbmWv \n¡p-¶-sX¶pw Adn-bm³
klm-bn-¡p¶ IrXn-bmWv ¢mknIv IrXn.
sdmamânknkw
cmjv{So-bhpw kmap-Zm-bn-Ih
- p-amb ho£-W¯
- n sdmamân-kn-k¯
- nsâ hnImk ]Ým¯-ew Ata-cn-¡³ þ {^©v hn¹-h-§fpw hymh-km-bnI hfÀ¨-bp-am-Wv. ^yqU hyhØn-Xn-bpsS XIÀ¨ Iym]n-än-en-k-¯n-te-¡pÅ k¼Â{I-a-¯nsâ amäw, X§Ä NqjW
hnt[-b-cmb _lp-`q-cn-`m-K-am-sW¶ km[m-cW P\-§-fpsS t_mt[m-Zbw, ]mc-¼-cy-¯nse
thcp-IÄ Cf-In-b-h-cpsS A\y-Xm-t_m[w ]gb ^yqU hyh-Ø-bnse ZpjvS-\o-Xn-bnepÅ AaÀj-t¯m-sSm¸w shÃp-hn-fn-tbmsS IS¶p hcp¶ ]pXnb kmaq-ly-cm-jv{Sob k¼Zvhy-h-Ø-I-fpsS \njvTq-cXbnepÅ {]Xn-tj[w þ Cu ]cn-Wma Zi-bn Dg-ep¶ tNX-\bmWv sdmamân-kn-k¯
- n-tâ-Xv. hmWn-Py-hy-h-km-bm-Zn-If
- psS hfÀ¨ Gähpw IqSp-Xe
- m-bpÅ
PÀ½-\n-bnepw {^m³knepw Cw¥-­n-ep-amWv kmln-Xy-¯n sdmamânIv {]h-WX
- I
- Ä {]Xy£-am-b-Xv. Xsâ hyàn-Xz-¯nsâ aqeyw DbÀ¯n-¸n-Sn-¡p¶ sdmamân-knÌv FÃm-¯cw
bm{´n-I-X-I-fn \n¶pw Akzm-X-{´y-§-fnÂ\n¶pw bpàn-]-c-X-I-fn \n¶pw kmam-\yh-Xv¡-c-W-§-fnÂ\n¶pw tamN\w t\Sp-Ibpw a\p-jys\ D]m-[n-bmbn ImWmsX kzbw
e£y-ambn ImWWw F¶ BZÀi-¯n Dd¨p \n¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
8
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Imev]\
- nI kmlnXy {]tW-Xm-¡-fn {]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-\mbn Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ dqtÊm
hmkvXh
- ¯
- n kmlnXy KXn-sb-bÃ, kaq-Zm-b-s¯-bmWv shÃp-hn-fn-¨X
- v. "a\p-jy³ kzX{´-\mbn P\n-¡p¶p ]t£ Ah³ N§e sI«n-emWv' F¶ dqtÊm-hnsâ hnJym-X-hN\w a\p-jysâ N§-e-I-f-gn-¡m-\pÅ hntam-N\ kac Iml-f-am-bn-cp¶p. CXn\v Imev]\n-I-X-bp-ambn _Ô-ap-­v. FUva­v hnÂkWnsâ sdmamânIv IhnX {]Ir-Xn-h-kvXp¡Ä¡pw a\p-jy-hn-Im-c-§Ä¡pw X½n thÀs¸-Sp--¯m-\m-hm¯ _Ô-ap-s­-¶-Xn\v
km£y-am-Wv. sdmamânIv {]h-WX ¢mknIv ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ ZpÀ-_-e-amb XqWp-Isf
]ngp-Xp -am-än. `mh-\bv¡v aps¼§pw F¯m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cp¶ A´-xÊw-th-Z\ Xe-§-fnte¡v a\p-jy-tN-X\
- b
- ¡
v p-­mb \qX-\a
- mb hym]vXn-bm-bn-«mWv slÀ_À«v doUn\v sdmamânknkw A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Hcn-¡-epw km£m-Xv¡-cn-¡m-\m-hm¯ kz]v\-¯nsâ t\scbmWv Imev]-\nI lrZ-b-¯nsâ IpXn-¸v. A\-´-Xsb BtÇ-jn-¡m³ `uXo-IX
- sb adn-IS¶v DuÀÖ-ambn kzѵw hym]n-¡p-hm³ ]eXpw Bbn-Xo-cm-\m-WX
- nsâ tamlw. "jvteKÂ'
Imev]-\nI Ihn-Xsb A\-´-Xb
- psS IhnX F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶p. Imev]-\nI Ihn-IÄ A]cn-Nn-Xhpw AtÚ-b-hp-amb hnZqc temI-§-fn-te¡pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS h\y kt¦-X-§-fnte¡pw Bßm-hns\ tXSn Ae-bp-¶p. \nKq-VX
- b
- mWv Imev]\
- n-IX. AI-et- ¯bpw kuµcy-t¯-bp-amWv Imev]\
- nI `mh\ CjvSs
- ¸-Sp-¶X
- v. FhnsS XpS-§p¶p Ft§m-«p-t]m-Ip¶p
F¶p ]nSn-Xc
- m¯ Im«p-]m-Xbv¡v Imev]\
- n-IX
- z-ap-­v. ¢mknknkw Zn\-{]-Im-ia
- m-sW-¦nÂ
sdmamân-knkw ]q\n-em-hm-Wv. bmYmÀ°y-§Ä¡pw C{µo-b-§Ä¡pw AXo-X-amb F´ns\tbm F¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ Bß-Xr-jvW-bmWv Imev]-\n-IXzw. sdmamânIv Imhy-bp-K¯nsâ BZy-cq-]-ambn KWn-¡-s]-Sp-¶Xv "Xs¶-Xs¶' kÀÆ-¯n-tâbpw tI{µ _nµp-hm¡p-¶p. (egomania) sdmamân-kn-k-¯nsâ hnti-j-`m-h-ambn Po. ]use Nq­n-Im-Wn-¡p¶p. {Iam-Xo-X-amb Alw _p²n kmaqly kl-I-cWw Akm-[y-am-¡p-¶p. H¶p-InÂ
tkzÑm-[n-]Xyw AsÃ-¦n Acm-P-IXzw C§s\ c­v t]mw hgn-I-tf-bp-Åq. sdmamân¡nse "Alw' aäp-Å-h-cnÂ\n¶v AXn arZp-e-§-fmb `mh-§sf {]Xo-£n-¡p-¶p. AXp
e`n-¡m-Xm-hp-t¼mÄ shdp¸pw hnjm-Zhpw hntZz-j-hp-amIpw bmYmÀ°y-§-fn \n¶v k¦ev]-tem-I-¯n-te¡v ]em-b\w sN¿pw. A§-s\-bpÅhcn NneÀ `qX-Ime kwkvImc
t{]an-I-fm-hpw. Nne-cn tZio-b-Xbpw tZim-`n-am-\hpw Xo{h `mh-§-fm-Ipw.
{]tXy-Ia
- mb GsX-¦nepw cq]w sIm­v kwXr-]vXc
- m-ImsX kzbw ]co-£-W-§Ä
\S¯n ]e cq]-§-fnepw Bhn-jv¡mcw Is­-¯p¶ `mh-ssN-X-\y-ap­v Imev]-\nI IhnX-bnÂ.
dnb-enkw
sdmamân-knkw Pohn-Xb
- m-YmÀ°y-§sf adn-IS- ¶v kz]v\ temI-§-fn-te¡pw A\´-X-bn-te¡pw NndIp hncn¨p ]d-¶-t¸m-gpÅ {]h-W-Xbv¡v FXn-cmbn ]nd¶ {]Øm-\amWv dnb-en-kw. dnb-en-khpw \mNz-d-en-khpw tkmjyenÌv dnb-en-khpw Iym]n-ä-enÌv
bpK-¯nsâ DÂ]-¶-amb t\mh-ep-ambn _Ô-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶p. dnb-en-ÌnIv t\mh-ensâ ]ndhnbpw hfÀ¨bpw {^©p-Im-cmb _Âkm¡v, sÌ´mÄ, ^vtfm_À, tKm¬IqÀ ktlm-Zc³amÀ, Fan-en-tkmf XpS-§n-bh
- c
- n IqSn-bmWv. Ah-cn _Âkm-¡mWv icn-bmb AÀ°¯n dnb-enÌv F¶p hnfn-¡m-hp¶ BZy-t\m-h-enÌv. PohnXw \nco-£n-¡pI, ImWp-¶Xp-t]mse Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡pI F¶ dnb-enÌvIv kn²m-´-¯nsâ _p²n-]-c-amb ]Ým-X-ew.
Hmtcm hkvXp-hn\pw AXn-tâ-Xmb AkvXn-Xz-ap-s­¶v bYm-XY
- h
- mZn hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. a\pjy
Pohn-Xs¯ AXnsâ bYmÀ° cq]-¯nepw `m-h-¯nepw Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p¶ kmln-Xy k{¼-Zm-b-am-WnXv., ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-I-fmb Fgp-¯p-ImÀ CXn hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. ChnsS
B[p-\n-I IhnX
9
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Iebv¡pw kmln-Xy-¯n\pw _m[I-amb kmaply Ne-\§
- s
- fbpw hnaÀi-\_
- p-²n-tbmsS
kao-]n-¡p¶ k{¼-Zm-b-¯n\v {In«n-¡Â dnb-enkw F¶p ]d-bp-¶p. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jv¡cW {]{In-b-bn kmln-Xy-Im-c\v ]¦p-s­¶v {In«n-¡Â dnb-enkw hniz-kn-¡p-¶p.
Cw{]-j-\nkw þ {]Xo-Xn-hmZw
Nn{X Ie-bp-am-bmWv {]XoXn hmZ-¯n\v Gsd _Ôw. Hcp hkvXp a\-Ên ]Xn¸n¨ A\p-`q-Xn-bpsS Bhn-jv¡m-c-am-Wn-Xv. AwKo-IrX Iem-\n-b-a-§Ä {]Xo-Xn-hm-Zn-IÄ
]n³Xp-S-cp-¶n-Ã. hyàn a\-knsâ `mh-N-e-\-§-fmWv am\-Z-Þw. IvtfmUvam-\äv F¶
{^©v Nn{X-Im-c\
- n-eq-sS-bmWv Cw{]-j-Wnkw Hcp Iem-{]-Øm-\a
- mbn hfÀ¶-Xv. Hcp IemkrjvSn hnaÀi-Isâ a\-Ên D­m-¡p¶ {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä kphy-à-ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn¡p-¶XmWv Cw{]-j-WnÌv \ncq-]-Ww.
D¯-cm-[p-\nIX þ B[p-\n-tIm-¯-c-hmZw
k¦oÀW-amb AÀ°-Xe
- §
- f
- pÅ Hcp kwÚ-bmWv D¯-cm-[p-\n-IX
- . AsX-s´¶v
Hä-hm-¡n \nÀh-Nn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. Htc- k-abw B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS XpSÀ¨-bmbpw AXnewL\-ambpw Nne ]mÝmXy hnaÀi-IÀ CXns\ ho£n-¡p-¶p. D¯m-cm-[p-\n-IX Hcp kmlnXy
{]Øm-\-a-Ã, Hcp {]h-W-X- am-{Xw. AXv hÀ¯-am-\-Ime PohnX k¦oÀ®-X-I-fpsS k¦e-\-am-Ip-¶p. apX-em-fn-¯hpw, hyh-kmb hXv¡-c-Whpw, cmjv{So-bhpw, kaql Ne-\§fpw ZÀi-\-§fpw AXn A´À`-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. \mw Pohn-¡p¶ Ime-¯nsâ AhØ-bmWv t]mÌv tamtU-Wn-än. Cu AhØ krjvSn¨ ]²-Xn-I-fpw {]h-W-X-I-fp-amWv
t]mÌv tamtU-WnkwsIm­v hnh-£n-¡p-¶X
- v. ]mÝmXy Nn´-bn Hcp \qäm­p ap³t]
cq]w sIm­ H¶mWv t]mÌv tamtU-Wn-än. tamtU-Wn-ka- m-Is« Xmc-Xt- ay\ {]mbw Ipdª
kmln-Xy-{]-hW
- X
- -bpw. tSmb³_n, NmÄkv HmÀk¬ F¶n-h-cmWv D¯-cm-[p-\n-IX F¶
kwÚ BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨-sX¶v Nne hnaÀi-IÀ Nq­n-Im-Wn-¡p-¶p.
CÀhnwKv tlmhv, {^U-dn-IvsP-bnw-k¬, Dw_Àt«m Ft¡m XpS-§nb Nn´-IÀ D¯cm-[p-\nI {]h-WX
- b
- psS ssk²m-´n-Icpw hàm-¡f
- p-am-W.v H¶mw temI alm-bp-²¯
- nsâ
hyh-km-tbm-¯c Ime-L-«a
- mbn CXns\ Nne ssk²m-´n-IÀ _Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶p. kv{XohmZ
hnNm-c-[m-c-IÄ Idp-¯-h-cpsS kuµ-cy-imkv{X ho£-Ww, \h-amÀIvknkw ]{X-am-[y-a§-fn-eqsS Iem-kmw-kv¡m-cnI cwK-§f
- n bmYmÀ°y-am-bn- Xo-cp¶ BtKm-fh
- X
- v¡-cWw,
h³InS apX-em-fn¯ cmjv{S-§Ä Ahn-I-knX cmjv{S-§-fn ASn-t¨Â¸n-¡p¶ km¼¯nI taÂt¡mbva, hÀKo-bX
- bpw hwio-bX
- bpw aXm-ßI
- X
- bpw krjvSn-¡p¶ kmaq-lnI
kmwkvIm-cnI ka-ky-IÄ XpS-§nb D¯-cm-[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ]Ým-¯e LS-I-§-fm-Wv.
Cu ]Ým-¯-e-¯n cq]w sImÅp¶ kÀKm-ßI cN-\-Isf D¯-cm-[p-\nI kmln-Xysa¶v hnfn-¡mw. B[p-\n-tIm-¯c Imem-h-Ø-bpsS \mep apJ-ap-{Z-IÄ B³tU-gvk¬
C{]-Imcw \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶p.
1.
Bß-k¦
- e
- \w.
2.
kZm-Nm-c-]-chpw ss\Xo-I-hp-amb hyh-lmcw.
3.
Iebpw kwkv¡m-chpw.
4.
BtKm-f-h-Xv¡-cWw.
FIvkv{]-j-Wnkw þ A`n-hy-RvP-\-hmZw
]¯mw \qäm-­nsâ XpS-¡¯
- n PÀ½-\n-bn cq]w-sIm­ Iem-{]-Øm-\a
- m-WnXv.
Nn{X-I-e-bn-emWv CXn-tâbpw Bcw-`w. hkvXp-hns\ AtX ]Sn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡msX AXv
a\-Ên krjvSn-¡p¶ {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p¶ k{¼-Zm-b-am-Wn-Xv. FIvkv{]j-Wnkw F¶ t]cnsâ D]-Úm-Xmhv thmIvsk-ekv BWv. (]pfn-am-\-bpsS ka-XzB[p-\n-I IhnX
10
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hmZn FIvkv{]j-WnÌv \mS-I-am-Wv). Imev]-\nI bpK-¯nsâ {]mZpÀ`mh-t¯m-Sp-IqSn Ie
Bßm-hn-jv¡m-c-am-sW¶ kn²m-´-¯n\v asä-s¶-t¯-¡mÄ {]m_eyw kn²n-¨p.
bmYmÀ°y-¯nsâ _mly `mh-§-tf-¡mÄ AXnsâ B´-co-I-amb k¯sb hyàn¡v
A\p-`-h-s]-Sp¶ hn[-¯n Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡pI þ Cu kÀ¤ coXn Ihnª tXmXnÂ
hfÀ¶-Xnsâ ^e-amWv FIvkv{]j-Wnkw F¶ t]cn {]N-cn¨ \qX\ Iem-{]-Øm\w. AXnsâ hfÀ¨-bnÂ, B[p-\n-Ib
- p-K¯
- nsâ hnI-kzcambn-¯oÀ¶ at\m-hn-Úm-\obw
KWy-amb ]¦p-h-ln-¨n-«p-­v.
ss_\-UnIvtSm t{Im¨-bpsS kn²m-´-¯n \n¶mWv FIvkv{]j-\n-k-¯nsâ
_oP-hm]w F¶v FIvkv{]j-Wn-Ìp-IÄ Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p-­v. hyàn-bpsS Bßm-hnÂ
hkvXp-XI
- Ä A´ÀÚm-\¯
- nÂIqSn hyà-amb cq]w {]m]n-¡p-¶X
- ns\-bmWv t{Imt¨
Bßm-hn-jv¡mcw F¶ ]ZwsIm­v hnh-£n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ccp-]-Xmw-\q-äm-­nsâ DZ-b-¯n-\pti-j-amWv Cu {]Øm-\-¯nsâ ]nd-hn. 1921  CXm-Zy-ambn Ah-X-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xmbn IcpXp-¶p. slÀsh F¶ {^©p Nn{X-Im-c-\mWv Cu kwÚ-bpsS D]-Úm-Xmhv. PÀ½-\nbm-bn-cp¶p Cu {]Øm-\-¯nsâ {][m\ tI{µw. Hcp {]tXyI Ime-L-«-¯nsâ t{]c-WI-fn \n¶p-DZbw sIm­ khn-ti-j-amb Hcp am\-knI {]h-WX F¶p hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xmbn-cn¡pw Cu Iem-{]Øm-\s¯ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw icn. FIvkv{]jWn-k-¯nÂ
_mly-h-kvXp-hn\p bmsXmcp {]m[m-\y-an-söp ]d-bmw. ho£n-¡p¶ hyàn-bpsS khnti-j-amb Bß-hr¯n¡-\p-tcm-[-ambn hkvXp-hnsâ {]Xo-Im-ßhpw hnIm-c-]-c-hp-amb
k¯bv¡v AÃmsX _mly LS-I-§Ä¡Ã F¶À°w {]mam-Wy-a-\p-h-Zn-¡p-I-bmWv
FIvkv{]-j-Wn-k-¯nsâ kz`mhw. A§s\ FIvkv{]-j-WnÌv Ie XnI¨pw sshb-ànI-am-Wv. Bßo-bhpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amWv AXnsâ aqeyw. _mly-ku-µ-cy-t¯-¡mÄ B
kuµ-cy-ap-WÀ¯p¶ hnImc Xo{h-X-bmWv FIvkv{]-j-WnÌv Iem-Im-cs\ kw_-Ôn-¨nS-t¯mfw {][m-\w. hkvXp-hn-sâtbm hyàn-bp-tStbm cq]-¯nse kzm`m-hn-I-Xbpw hniZmw-i-§-fp-sams¡ hn«p-I-fªv apgp-h³ IYbpw X§Ä¡v A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp¶ Xc-¯nÂ
Ipd¨v hc-I-fn-eq-sSbpw hÀW-§-fn-eq-sSbpw A`n-hy-RvPn-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv FIvkv{]jWnÌvIfpsS coXn. dnb-en-k-¯nsâ _Ô-i-{Xp-hm-bn-cp¶ slÀhm¯v hmÄU³ F¶
]{Xm[n]cmWv FIvkv{]-j-Wn-k-¯n\v {]Nmcw \ÂIp-¶-Xn DÕm-l-]qÀÆw ap³ssI
FSp-¯p-t]m-¶X
- v. an¡ FIvkv{]-jW
- nÌv Iem-Im-c³am-cp-ambpw At±lw ASp-¯_
- Ôw
]peÀ¯n. At±-l-¯nsâ amkn-I-bmb sS¼-Ìm-bn-cp¶p AXn an¡-hmdpw ]b-än-sXfnª cwKw. {][m-\-ambpw Nn{X-I-e-bm-bn-cp¶p FIvkv{]-j-Wn-k-¯nsâ aÞew.
FtUzÀUvaq©v F¶ Nn{X-Im-c-\mWv Cu {]Øm-\-¯n hfsc kzm[o\w sNep-¯nb
{]apJ hyàn. 1910 apXÂ 1930 hsc Bbn-cp¶p Cu {]Øm-\-¯nsâ ip{I-Z-i. c­mw
temI alm-bp-²-t¯msS CXnsâ iàn aµo-`-hn-¨-Xm-bmWp ImWp-¶-Xv. sZkvtXm-hnkvIn-tbmSv henb BZ-c-hp-­m-bn-cp¶p FIvkv{]-jWnÌpIÄ¡v. At±-l-¯nsâ IYm]m-{X-§-fpsS at\m-hym-]mcw FIvkv{]j-WnÌv coXn¡v tNÀ¶-Xmbn NneÀ Nq­n-Im-Wn¡p-¶p. t_m[-]qÀÆ-am-bn-Xs¶ FIvk{v ]-jW
- nÌv amÀKw Ah-ew-_n¨ Hcp t\mh-en-ÌmWv
{^m³kvIm^vI.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
11
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
thUvkv hÀ¯v
endn-¡Â _meUvkv F¶ Imhy-ka
- m-lm-c-¯nsâ BZys¯ ]Xn-¸nsâ Ah-Xm-cnI-bn Imev]-\nI Ihn-bmb thUvkvhÀ¯v Ihn-Xsb \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶Xv C§-s\-bm-Wv þ
""Icp-¯pä hnIm-c§
- f
- psS ss\kÀKn-Ia
- mb _lnÀÜ-\a
- mWv FÃm \Ã Ihn-Xb
- pw. {KmaoW
Pohn-X-¯n\p ss\kÀ¤n-IXzw IqSp-Xe
- pÅXpsIm­v Ah-cpsS hnIm-c-§fpw A\p-`-h-§fp-amWv Imhy-hn-j-b-am-t¡-­Xv F¶pw Ah-cpsS `mj-bnte Fgp-Xmhq F¶pw thUvkv
hÀ¯v \nbaw sNbvXp. hnIm-c-¯nsâ AIr-{Xn-aXzw, iàn kmcfyw, kmÀÆ P\o-\X,
kp{K-lX, kpµ-chpw izmiz-X-hp-amb {]Xn-L-S-I-§-fp-ambn Ah-bv¡pÅ _Ôw F¶nhbpw `mj- b psS emfn- X yhpw ss\kÀ¤n- I - X bpw ASn- k w- { I- a - W - i - à n- b p- a mWv
thUvkvhÀ¯ns\ {KmaoW Pohn-X-¯n-tâbpw `mj-bp-tSbpw Imap-I-\m-¡n-b-Xv. dqtkm-hns\-t]mse {]IrXn hmZn-bmWv thUvkvhÀ¯v. hymh-km-bnI hn¹-hhpw \Kc Pohn-X¯n IeÀ¯nb Ir{Xn-a-Xz-hp-amWv thUvkv hÀ¯nsâ ]£-]m-X-¯n\p Imc-Ww. 1800
 endn-¡Â _me-Uk
v nsâ c­m-as¯ ]Xn-¸n\v Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-Ib
- n thUvkvhÀ¯v
Xsâ ]qÀÆm-`n-{]mbw Xncp-¯n-bn-«p-­v. ""IhnX Icp-¯pä hnIm-c-¯nsâ ss\kÀKnI
_lnÀK-a-\-am-sW¶v Rm³ ]dªphtÃm. {]im-´-X-bn A\p-kva-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ hnImc-¯n \n¶m-Wn-Xnsâ DZv`h
- w. H«-\h
- [n {]Xn-Ic
- W
- §
- f
- m {]im-´X \jvSs
- ¸«p {ItaW
ss\kÀ¤n-Im-h-Ø-bn-em-b-Xn\pw Xpey-amb hnImcw Df-hm-¡p-Ibpw AXv bYmÀ°-ambn
a\-Ên \ne-\n¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xp-hsc A\p-kvarX hnIm-cs¯ A\p-²c
- Ww sN¿p¶p''. Cu {]kvXmhw sIm­p kn²n-¡p-¶Xv Ihn-X-bnse hnImcw bYmÀ° Pohn-X¯nse hnIm-c-aÃ, A\p-kva-c-W-¯m ho­pw DWÀ¯-s¸-Sp¶ X¯p-ey-amb hnIm-camWv F¶-t{X. Imhy-I-e-bpsS apJy [À½w B\-µ-Zm-b-IXz-amWv F¶ Imcy-¯nÂ
thUvkv hÀ¯n\v kwi-b-an-Ã.
BcmWv Ihn F´mWv Ihn-Xb
- psS {]tbm-P\w F¶o tNmZy-§Ä¡v thUvkh
v À¯v
C§s\ D¯cw \evIp-¶pþ ""a\p-jy-tâbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-tSbpw {]Xn-Ñm-b-bmWp Ihn-X.''
Ihn¡p th­ {]tXyI Ign-hpIsf Bdmbn Xncn-¡p-¶p.
1. \nco-£W
- ¯
- n\pw hÀ®-\¯
- n-\p-apÅ ]mS-hw. (Power of observation and description)
2. hkvXp-XI
- Ä DÅ-Xp-t]m-sebpw X\n-¡\
- p-`h
- s
- ¸-Sp-¶X
- p-t]m-sebpw {]Im-in-¸n-¡m-\pÅ
Ign-h.v
3. {Inb-If
- p-tSbpw Nn´-If
- p-tSbpw hnIm-c§
- f
- p-tSbpw ]c-k]
v c _Ô-t¯bpw Ah-bpsS
aqey-t¯bpw Ipdn-¨pÅ t_m[w.
4. `mh-\m-iàn þ hkvXp-XI
- Ä ]cn-jv¡c
- n¨v Ahbv¡v \qX-\c
- q]w \evIm-\pÅ Ign-hv.
5. DÅ hkvXp-XI
- Ä sIm­p ]pXnb Npäp-]m-Sp-It- fbpw IYm-]m-{X-§tf-bpw krjvSn-¡m\pÅ ssh`-hw.
6. C¸-dª Ign-hp-IÄ F§-s\-sbÃmw Ft¸m-sgms¡ D]-tbm-Kn-¡W
- s
- a¶v Xocp-am-\n¡p- ¶ - X n- \ pÅ hnth- N - \ - i - à n Cu Ign- h p- I - s fÃmw DÄtNÀ¶- h - \ mWv
thUvkvhÀ¯nsâ Ihn.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
12
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
sKbvtY
BZy-Zi
- -bn slÀU-dpsS Blzm\w sNhn-sIm­v Imev]\
- nI amÀ¤-¯n kw©cn-¡p-Ibpw ]n¶oSv ¢mknIv Iem-cq-]-§-fp-ambn ]cn-Nbw IqSn h
- ¶-t¸mÄ ¢mknIv kmlnXy-t{]-an-bmbn amdp-Ibpw sNbvX sPÀ½³ a\o-jn-bm-Wv. sKbvtY Ie kzX-{´-amb Bß{]-Im-i-\-am-sW¶ Imev]-\n-I-ho£Ww At±-l-¯n\p kzoIm-cy-am-Wv. Ie Bß-{]-Imi-\-am-sW¶p ]d-bp-¶p-s­-¦nepw hÃm¯ Bß-]-cX tZmj-am-sW¶pw AXv B[p-\nI
bpK-¯n\v s]mXp-sh-bpÅ tcmK-am-sW¶pw Imev]-\nI kmln-Xys¯ DÅn I­psIm­v sKzbvsY Nq­n-Im-Wn-¡p-¶p. Gähpw DXvIr-jvS-amb IhnX hkvXp-\n-jvT-am-Wv.
Ie _mly-tem-I-¯p-\n¶v ]n³h-enªv hyàn \njvT-am-Ip-t¼mÄ A[-x]-Xn-¡m³ XpS§p-¶p. Iebv¡v kmÀÆ-eu-Io-I-Xz-ap-­m-bn-cn-¡Ww ""Rm³ ¢mkn-¡ns\ Btcm-Ky-bpà-sa¶pw sdmamân-¡ns\ tcmKm-Xp-c-Xz-sa¶pw hnfn-¡p¶p.'' B[p-\nI cN-\-I-tfsdbpw
sdmamân-¡mWv; Ah ]pXp-Xm-b-Xp-sIm-­-Ã, ZpÀ_-ehpw cpKva-W-hp-am-bp-Xp-sIm-­-Ã,
ip²hpw lÀj-Zm-b-Ihpw Btcm-Kyhpw ià-hp-am-I-bm-emWv F¶ sKzbvY-bpsS {]Jym]\w kphn-Xam-Wv.
sKzbvtY IemImcsâ a\kpw {]Ir-Xnbpw X½n sFIyw {]m]n-¡p-¶-Xmbn k¦ev]n-¡p-¶p. {]Ir-Xn-bn-te¡v Npg-ªn-d-§p¶ Iem-Im-c³ Abm-fpsS Bß-k¯
- -sbbmWv
Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ""\·-sbtbm Xn·sbtbm Ipdn-¨v bmsXmcp ]cn-K-W-\bpw IqSm-sXbmWv kpIp-am-c-I-e-I-fn kpµc krjvSn-I-fpsS DZv`-hw. Ah Ahbv¡p th­n, AhbpsS kuµcy¯n\p-th­n D­m-Ip-¶p. Ie P\-§-fn-ep-f-hm-t¡­ ^es¯ Ipdn-¨pÅ
Nn´ krjvSn-tbbpw Bkzm-Z-\-t¯bpw hnI-e-am-¡pw.
Natural Forms of Poetry F¶ {]_-Ô-¯n sKzbvtY Ihn-Xsb aq¶p hn`m-K-am¡n- Xn-cn-¡p-¶p. H¶v hkvXp-X-Isf kv]jvS-ambn hnh-cn-¡p¶ CXn-lmkw (epic), c­ma-t¯-Xv, hnIm-c-Zo-]vX-amb lrZ-b-¯nsâ `mj-bmb `mh-Km-\hpw ap¶m-a-t¯Xv A`n-\b
- n¡m-\p-t±-in¨v Fgp-Xs
- ¸-Sp¶ \mS-Ih
- p-am-W.v \mSIw Xmc-Xt- ay\ Xmgv¶ Ie-bm-bnt« sKzbvtYI-W-¡m-¡p-¶p-Åq. AXp ]e-t¸mgpw Bkzm-Z-I-cpsS A`n-cp-Nnsb Xr]vXn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-XIpw. ckn-¸n-¡m³ th­n Icp-Xn-Iq«n Fgp-X-s¸-Sp¶ IrXn-I-tfmSp sKzbvtYbv¡v shdp-¸mWv.
John’ Keats:
English Roamantic Poet.
Born
:
Oct.31, 1795, Moorgate, United Kingdom
Died
:
Feb. 23, 1821, Rome, Italy.
Education
:
King’s College London.
Occupation
:
Poet
Literary Movement :
Romanticism
sdmamânIv Ime-L-«-¯nse Xmc-X-tay\ {]mbw Ipdª Ihn-I-fn Hcm-fmWv Ioävkv.
sNdp-¸-¯nte amXm-]n-Xm-¡sf \jvS-s¸« At±lw Hcp kÀPsâ Iogn in-£mÀ°n
(apprentice) Bbn-t¨À¶p. ZpxJ-]q-cn-X-am-bn-cp¶p At±-l-¯nsâ Pohn-Xw. 1827-þ £btcmKw ]nSn-s]«v At±lw acn-¨p. At±-l-¯nsâ {][m\ IrXn-IÄ:
B[p-\n-I IhnX
13
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Sleep and Poetry
I stood, Tip-toe on a Little Hill’
Endimion
Hyperior
Isabelloa
Eraog St. Agnes
La Belle Dame Sans Merci
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode on a Gracian Urn
To Autumn.
kuµ-cy-¯nsâ Bcm-[-I-\mb Ihn F¶mWv Ioävkns\ \ncq-]-I-·mÀ hne-bn-cp-¯n-bn-«pÅ-Xv. hmMva-b-Nn-{X-§Ä cNn-¡p-¶-Xn At±lw AZzn-Xo-b-Xm-Wv. Ioävkns\ ]t©-{µnb-§-fpsS Ihn F¶p hnfn-¡p-¶Xv hfsc A\zÀ°-am-Wv.
At±lw \Ã Hcp {]IrXn Ihn-bm-Wv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS _mly-ku-µ-cy-s¯-am-{X-aÃ,
At±lw kvt\ln-¨-Xv, At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-I-fn At±-l-¯nsâ hyàn \njvT-amb
ZpxJ-§Ä {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶p-­v. kzXth at\m-l-c-amb H¶ns\ hm¡p-IÄsIm­v IqSpX at\m-l-c-am-¡m³ Ioävkn\v Ign-bpw. sdmamânIv Ihn-I-fpsS Iq«-¯n Ioävkn\v
\sÃmcp Øm\-am-Wp-Å-Xv. At±-l¯
- nsâ `mh-\m-hn-em-khpw hmMva-bN
- n-{X-§Ä cNn-¡m\pÅ Ignhpw At±-ls¯ hen-sbmcp Ihn-bmbn DbÀ¯n \nÀ¯p-¶p.
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Major Eng. romatic poet
Born - Aug.4.1792 - Horsham, United Kingdom
Died - July 8, 1822, Lerici, Italy.
Impartant plays
:
‘Prometheus Unbound’ (1820) ‘the Cenci’ (1819)
‘Proserpire’
Important books
:
‘Queen Mab’, ‘Adonais’, ‘The Revolt of Islam’,
The masque of an ‘Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude’
Classic Poems
:
Ozymandias Ode to the West Wind to a Skylark
When Soft Voices Die.
Verse Drama
:
The Cenci (1819)
Literary Movement
:
Romanticism
Occupation
:
Poet, Dramatist, essayist, novelist.
was not famous during life time.
Key member of a close circle of visionarly poets and writers including Byron, Leigh Hunt,
Thomas Love Peacock etc.
Profound influence on Karl Marx.
Admired by Oscar wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernald shaw, W.B. Yeats etc.
- Matriculated at Oxford University.
- first publication - Gothil novel “Zastrozzi” (1810)
- Strong advocate for social justice for the “lower classes”.
- he was also admired by C.S.Lewis, Karl Marx, Robert Browning, Bertrand Russell etc.
Prose works
:
The Colisum, A fragment (1817). Una Favola (Fable) (1819)
(Italion)
B[p-\n-I IhnX
14
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Essays
The Necessity of Atheism (1811)
Declaration of Rights (1812)
A Degence of Poetry
On Love (1818)
On Life (1819)
Speculations on Metaphysics (1814)
On a Future state (1815)
Hendry David thoreau’s civil disobedience and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s passive resistance
were influenced & inspired by Shelley’s non violence in potest and political action.
Known for unconventional life and uncompromising idealism.
George Gordon Byron
Commonly known as Lord Byron
Leading figure in Romantic movement
Born
:
Jan.22, 1788, Dorer, United Kingdom
Died
:
April 19, 1824, Messolonghi, Greece.
Movies
:
Gothic
Don Juan Demarco
Don Juan
Occupation
:
Poet, politician
Major works: ‘Hours of Idleness’ (1807)
‘English Bards and Slotch Reviewers’ (1809)
‘Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage’ (1812)
The Corsair (1814)
Prometheus (1816)
The Lament of Tasso (1817)
Poems:
‘Maid of Adens, ere, we part’ (1810).
‘She walks in Beauty’ (1812).
‘My Soul’s Dark’ (1815)
‘Ode on Vanice’ (1819).
Read about Ottoman abd Persian
Attracted to Islam (Sufi mysticism)
1821 - 1822 joined with Leigh Hunt and P.B. Shelly and started a short-lived
news paper - the Liberal.
Political poems - Song for the Luddites (1816)
Wellington
The Best of the Cut-Throats (1819)
Considered as the first modern - style celebrity.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
:
15
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
bqWnäv þ 1
JÞ-Imhyw
Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nsâ DZb-t¯m-Sp-IqSn B[p-\nI JÞ-Im-hy-§-fpsS Ncn{Xw Bcw`n-¡p-¶p. Cw¥ojv kmln-Xy-¯n thUvkv hÀ¯n-tâbpw tImf-dnUvPntâbpw Ime-¯p-­m-bXp-t]m-semcp Imev]-\nI \thm-°m\w F.-BÀ.-cmP cmP-hÀ½-bpsS Ime-L-«-¯n ae-bm-fkm-ln-Xy-¯n D­m-bn. ]mÝm-Xy-Im-hy-am-Xr-II
- -tfm-SmWv JÞ-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\¯
- n\v A[ÀaWyw. AXn Ipdhv kÀK-§-fpÅ sNdp Imhys¯ kwkvIr-Xm-e-¦m-cnZ³amÀ JÞ-Im-hysa¶v hnfn-¡p-¶p. F¶m alm-Im-hy-¯nsâ kw£n]vX cq]-aà JÞ-Im-hyw. B[p-\nI
a\p-jysâ Pohn-X-hy-{KX JÞ-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\-¯n\v hgn-sX-fn-¨-Xmbn ]d-bmw. N«-¡q-«nepw
{]Xn-]m-Zy-¯nepw alm-Im-hyhpw JÞ-Im-hyhpw X½n kmc-amb A´-c-ap-­v.
"JÞ-Imhyw `th-XvIm-hy-sskyI tZim-\p-km-cnN'
þ kmlnXy ZÀ¸Ww
alm-Im-hy-¯nsâ GXm\pw Awi-§Ä¡p am{Xw kmay-ap-ÅXv JÞ-Im-hyw.
Pohn-X-¯nsâ FÃm `mK-§-fn-te¡pw F¯n-t\m-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-]-Icw Gähpw {][m-\-s]«
Hcp kw`-h-¯ntem `mh-¯ntem Bi-b-¯ntem am{Xw Du¶n-\n¡pI, AhnsS Ihn {]Xn`
hym]-cn-¸n-¡p-I, CXmWv JÞ-Im-hy-¯nsâ kmam\y kz`m-hw. alm-Imhyw Hcp PohnX
{]]©s¯ Bg-¯nepw ]c-¸nepw ka-{K-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. JÞ-Im-hy-am-Is« Pohn-X¯nsâ Hcw-is¯ GIm-{K-ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶p. GIm-{K-X-bn Nph-Sp-d-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mÂ
JÞ-Imhyw kmt¦XnI PSn-etam hÀ®-\m-_-lp-etam Bhm-dn-Ã. JÞ-Im-hy-¯n\v IYthWw ]s£ IY-tb-¡mÄ `mthm-t¯-PI
- a
- mb {]Xn-]m-Z-\¯
- n-\mWv JÞ-Im-hy-¯n {]m[m\yw. kaq-ls¯ H¶mbn ImWp-¶-Xn\v ]Icw aqÀ¯hpw Pohn-X-_-Ônbpw Bb A\p-`-htam
{]iv\tam kw`-htam ka-{K-ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p¶ JÞ-Im-hy-¯n kw`-h-§Ä¡v am\pjnI Xew D­m-bn-cn-¡pw. IYm-]m-{X-§Ä¡v XnIª hyàn-Xzhpw. IYm-]m-{X-§-fpsS am\knI sshIm-cnI `mh-§Ä ssNX-\y-h-¯mbn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-I-bmWv JÞ-Im-hy-§-fpsS
kmam\y [Àaw.
kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-¯n JÞ-Im-hy-¯n\v kap-¶X Øm\-ap-­v. ]Þn-X³amÀ
Im-hy-§sf {]_-Ô-Imhyw "apà-IImhyw' F¶n-§s\ c­mbn hn`-Pn-¡p-¶p. CXn {]_Ô-Im-hy-hn-`m-K§
- f
- mWv alm-Im-hyhpw JÞ-Im-hy-hpw. Ihn-bpsS hyàn-Xzhpw `mh-\bpw Xo{hambn JÞ-Im-hy-¯n {]Xn-^-en-¡p-¶p. anXXzw, Bi-b-]-c-amb emfnXyw, `mthm-Öz-eX
F¶nh Cu Im-hy-§-fpsS aäp {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv. KZy kmln-Xy-¯n sNdpI-Y-bv¡pÅ
Øm\w Nne \ncq-]-IÀ ]Zy kmln-Xy-¯n JÞ-Im-hy-¯n\v \ÂIp¶p. `mh-Xo-{hX, Bhnjv¡-cW
- -¯nse BÀPhw, hÀW-\-bnse anXXzw XpS-§nb KpW-§Ä JÞ-Im-hy-¯n\v D­mbn-cn-¡-Ww. Cu ]Ým-¯e-¯n-emWv ]mÝmXy Imhy-am-Xr-I-I-tfmSv ae-bm-f-¯nse JÞImhy {]Øm-\¯
- n\v IqSp-XÂ _Ôw D­m-Ip-¶X
- .v an«¬, thÀUvkv hÀ¯v Inävk,v ss_d¬
sjÃn, XpS-§nb BwK-teb Ihn-I-fmWv ae-bmf Ihn-Isf JÞ-Im-hy-{]-Øm-\s¯ kw_Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. ]mÝmXy kn²m-´-a-\p-k-cn¨v JÞ-Im-hy-§sf hkvXp\n-jvT-sa¶pw Bß-\n-jvT-sa¶pw c­mbn hn`-Pn-¡p-¶p. hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb JÞ-Im-hy-§-fnÂ
Ihn kzm\p-`-h-§-tf-¡mÄ {]IrXn kw`-h-§Ä¡pw _mly-I-Y-IÄ¡pw {]m[m\yw \ÂIp-¶p.
Ihn-bpsS A\p-`-h-§Ä hnNm-c -hn-Im-c-§Ä apX-em-bh ASn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n cNn-¡p-¶-h-bmWv, Bß-\njvT Imhy-§Ä. Imhy§Ä ZoÀL-§-fm-I-cpXv. `mjbpw ssienbpw AIr-{Xn-a-ambn-cn-¡Ww. kzm`m-hn-I-X-bmWv Imhy-¯n DS-\ofw th­-Xv. Imev]-\nI {]Øm-\-¯nsâ
s]mXp-hmb kz`m-h-Kp-W-§Ä FÃmw DÄsIm-­-XmWv JÞ-Im-hy-§Ä. `mhm-ß-IX, hnImc-]-cX, BZÀim-ß-IX XpS-§nb Imev]-\n-I-X-bnse ASn-Øm\ kz`m-h-§Ä JÞ-Im-hy¯n ImWp-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
16
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
JÞ-Im-hy-§Ä ae-bm-f-¯nÂ
F.-Un. 1895  G.-BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½ cNn¨ "ae-b-hn-emkw' Cu imJ-bnÂs]«
BZy- Ir-Xn-bm-bn- I-W¡
- m-¡mw. F¶m CXv hÀ®-\m-{]-[m-\a
- mb eLp-Im-hy-am-sW¶pw
e£-W-sam¯ BZys¯ JÞ-Imhyw Ipam-c-\m-imsâ "hoW-]qhv' (1907) BsW¶pw
{]_-e-amb A`n-{]m-b-ap-­v. ""ae-bhn-emkw'' \ho-\-amb Hcp Imhy imJbv¡v XpS¡w
Ipdn-¡m³ t{]c-I-ambn XoÀ¶p F¶p Icp-Xmw. "ae-b hnemk'-¯n\v "a[pc Imhyw' F¶
Hcp A]-c\
- maw IqSn \ÂIn-bn-«p-ÅX
- mbn ImWp-¶p. Bcp-hm-samgn¸mX-bn \n¶pw t\m¡nb-t¸mÄ F.-B-dns\ AXy-[nIw hio-I-cn¨ kly-]ÀÆX \ncsb Bß-\n-jvT-ambn Nn{XoI-cn-¡m-\mWv aeb hnem-k-¯n F.-BÀ {i²n-¨n-«p-Å-Xv. AXn-\m Hcp `mhKoX-¯nsâ
an\p¡w B Nn{XoI-c-W-¯n Ds­¶p ImWmw. 24 tÇmI-§Ä am{X-apÅ Hcp eLp
Imhy-am-Wn-Xv.
""\n\-bv¡eo \n³ Xe-sb-{X-bp-¶Xw
sXfnªp s]m§o-«nXp taL-amÀKhpw
Ihnªp temI-¯n-s\m-tc-I-t\-{Xamw
Jcmwip X³ bm{X-bp-sa-§-XnÀ¯tX''
F¶n-§s\ klysâ Hu¶Xyw hnfn-¨-dn-bn-¡p¶ Ihn ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse \ho\ {]hW-X-I-fpsS AÀ°-X-e-§Ä Im«n-¯-cp-¶p. F.-BÀ cmP-cm-P-hÀ½-bpsS B{Klw am\n¨v
tIcfhÀ½ hen-b-tIm-bn-¯-¼p-cm³ cNn¨ "ssZh-tbmKw' JÞ-Imhy imJ-bnse BZyIme IrXn-I-fn H¶m-bn Icp-Xmw. sI.-kn.-tI-i-h-]n-Å-bpsS Bk-¶-a-cW Nn´m-i-XIw
(1895), hn.-kn.-_m-e-Ir-jvW-]-Wn-¡-cpsS "hn-iz-cq]w' XpS-§nb IrXn-I-fnepw JÞ-Imhy
kz`mhw ImWm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
Ipam-c\
- m-imsâ "hoW-]qhv' {]kn-²o-Ic
- n-¨t- XmsS JÞ-Imhy {]Øm-\¯
- n\v ]pXp
iàn ssIh-¶p. hoW-]q-hn DÄt¨À¶n-cp¶ `mh-s¸m-cp¯w ae-bmfIhnX PohnX {]]©-¯nsâ AKm-[X
- e
- ¯
- n-te¡v IS¶p sN¶p F¶ bmYmÀ°yw hnfn-t¨m-Xn. tIhew hoWp
InS-¡p¶ Hcp ]qhnsâ IY am{X-aÃ
- X
- v. AXn-t\-¡mÄ a\pjy Pohn-X¯
- nsâ £W `wKp-cXbpw taml-`w-K§
- fpw hnjmZ `mh-§fpw hyRvPn-¸n-¡p¶ Hcp Imhy-sa¶ \ne-bn-emWv
AXv IqSp-Xepw {it²-ba
- m-Ip-¶X
- v. ]qhnsâ Pohn-Xm-´ys¯ Ipdn-¨p- sIm-­mWv Imhym-cw-`sa-¦nepw B ]qhnsâ PohnX L«-§sf Xs¶ A\p-]m-XZ- o-£t- bmsSbpw `mh Xo{h-XtbmsSbpw GIm-{K-Xbv¡v `wKw hcmsX Bhn-j¡
v c
- n-¡m³ Bim³ hoW-]q-hn a\-Ên-cp¯n-bn-«p-­v. Ae-¦m-c§
- fpw hÀW-\I
- fpw Imhy-¯nsâ Ømbn-`m-h¯
- n\v timItam \nÀthZtam F´p-am-Is«, km[n-Xa
- mb a«n \n_-Ôn-¡m\pw Bim³ a\-kn-cp-¯n-bn-«p-­v.
\fn\n
hoW]qhn-t\-¡mÄ {it²-b-amb Hcp JÞ-Im-hy-amWv \fn-\n. 1910-emWv Bim³
\fn\n cNn-¡p-¶-Xv. At¶¡v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-¯n ambm¯ ap{Z
]Xn-¸n-¡m³ X¡-hn[w Bim-\nse hyànXzw hfÀ¶v cq]-s¸«p Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. A\-\yamb inev]-`wKn Bh-ln¨p \n¡p¶ IrXn-bmWv "\fn-\n'. ^pÃ-_me chn-t]mse Im´nam-\mb Znhm-I-cs\ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨psIm­mWv Imhym-cw-`w.
\à lnam-eb `qhn Gsd-sImÃw ap³]v Hcp {]`mX Ime¯v DZ-bk
- q-cy-s\-t]mse
Im´n-am\pw GI-\p-amb Hcp bph-tbmKn DÃ-kn-¨p. \o­ PSbpw \J-§fpw `kvahpw AbmÄ
Nnc X]-kzn-bm-sW¶pw AÀ²-\K
- \
v a
- mbn tim`n-¡p¶ Abm-fpsS icocw iotXm-jvWt- `-Z§sf AbmÄ Pbn-¨n-«p-s­¶pw shfn-s¸-Sp¯n. {]]-©¯
- n H¶n-t\bpw `b-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ
F¶pw Bcnepw henb Af-hn IcpW ImWn-¡p¶ Bfm-sW¶pw GXn\pw t]mcp¶h\msW¶pw Xsâ {]k-¶hpw [oc-hp-amb apJ-Im-´n-sIm­v AbmÄ hyà-am-¡n.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
17
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""XXv]-c-Xz-a-h-\mÀ¶n-cp¶p sXþ
Ãt¸mÄ þ sh¶-cn-sb-bq-gn-Im-¡p-hm³
tIm¸nSpw \r]-Xn-t]m-sebpw Ifnþ
tIms¸-Sp¯ sNdp-ss]-XÂt]m-ebpw
C{X-[-\yX XnIªp Im¬a-Xnþ
e{X \q\-samcp kmÀh `ua-\nÂ
Nn¯amw hen-b-sshcn IogvaÀþ
¶¯Â XoÀ¶ banXs¶ `mKy-hm³''
[ym\w \nc-´-c-ambn ioen¨ AbmÄ ]ÀÆ-X-¯nsâ apIÄ]c-¸n \n¶pw Aev]-t\cw
Xmtg-bpÅ `wKn-bpÅ ImgvN-IÄ t\m¡n \n¶p. bphm-hmb Hcp ]£n BIm-i-¯p-\n¶v
kz´w IqSv \ne-\n¡p¶ Im«n-te¡v t\m¡p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp¶p CXv. tbmKn-bpsS
sshNm-cn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb Pohn-X-§Ä X½n-epÅ ebhpw AtX kabw Abm-fdn-bmsX AXn IpSn-sIm-Åp¶ Hcp kwLÀjhpw Cu hcn-I-fn hyà-am-Wv. sNdpXpw
kpµ-c-hp-am-bn-XoÀ¶ ImSv Nn{X-]Sw t]mse at\m-l-c-am-Wv. kpµ-c-amb B ImgvN Xm\pt]-£n¨p t]m¶ ]qÀhm-{i-a-¯nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ tbmKn-bn DWÀ¯p-¶p. tbmKnsb ]gb
PohnXw HmÀ½n-¸n-¡m³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-emWv Ihn s]mbvI-bpsS hÀW\ \S-¯nbn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kzbw k´p-jvS-\mbn Bh-gn-¡p-Xs¶ t]mhp-I-bmWv kw\ym-kn. Ip¶n³
Xmgvhmc-¯n F¯nbt¸mÄ Ft´m Nn´n-s¨-¶-h®wban ZpxJn-X\pw Nn´m-Ip-e\pw
BIp-¶p. B ]pcpj t{ijvTsâ a\-Ên Hmf-§f
- p-bÀ¯nb AtX hoÀ¸v At¸mÄ A[nIw
Zqsc-b-Ãm¯ ac-§Ä¡n-S-bn ad-ªp-\n¶ asäm-cm-fpsS lrZ-b-¯n hnkva-b-I-c-amb
coXn-bn h³ Xnc-ameIÄ Xs¶ DbÀ¯p-I-bp-­m-bn. kz´w Ncy-bpsS `mK-ambn Ipfn¨v
shÅanäp hogp¶ hkv{X-§-tfm-Sp-IqSn at\m-l-c-amb ico-c-¯m {]`m-Xw-t]mse Im´nNn-X-dn- sIm­v ]mh-\-amb Bßm-thmSp IqSnb Hcp-hÄ B s]mbvI-bpsS XS-¯n \n-¶ncp¶p. CS-XqÀ¶ ac-§ÄsIm­v t\sc-bpÅ hgn adªp InS-¶-Xn-\m AhÀ¡v ]ckv]cw ImWm³ Ign-ªn-Ã. ]t£ \nanjw tXmdpw c­p-t]-cp-tSbpw DÅn AIm-c-Wamb Hcp DXvIWvT hfÀ¶p-h¶
- p. X]-kp-sIm­v a\-iàn-t\-Sn-bh
- s
- f-¦nepw ChÄ s]s«¶v
Nn´-IÄsIm­v hmSn-t]m-bn. ]t£ D¶-X-amb kuµ-cy-apÅ Chsf I­m Adnbmw
AhÄ Hcp Xm]k I\y-bs
- öv. Ipcp-¡p-¯n-ap-Ãb
- psS hÅn¡m«n sN¶p \n¶mÂt]mepw
AXnsâ Im´n Im«p hÅn-I-fnÂ\n¶v `n¶-am-Wv.
""F¶p-aà f kpe-`mw-K-`w-Knbm
Wn¶pao XcpWn ]ucn-am-cnepw
an¶p-InÃn ic-`-{Z-im-X-bmbv
Jn¶-bm-Inep atlm XSn-ÃX?''
XpSÀ¶v \fn-\n-bpsS ]qÀÆ-IY ]d-bp-¶p. hnj-a-t¯msS ChÄ hn«p-t]m¶ kvt\l-a-bn-Ifmb AÑ\pw A½bpw, hnc-l-¯n ZpxJn-X-cmbn kzbw acWw hcn-¨p. Xsâ a\-Ênse
kvt\lw ]d-ª-X-\p-kc
- n-¨m-W-hÄ hoSp hn«-Xv. Ah-fpsS kvt\ln-X-amÀ Ah-sf-tbmÀ¯v
hf-sc-¡mew I®oÀ s]mgn-¨p. Cu kpµ-cnsb hnhmlw Ign-¡m-\m-{K-ln¨ ]e bphm¡fpw ZpxJn-X-cmbn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kIe coXn-bnepw {]tem-`n-¸n-¡-s¸« PohnXw
{hXw- sIm­v Cu hnip² ipjvI-X-c-am¡n. Pohn-X-t¯m-SpÅ B{K-l-§-sfÃmw \jvSs¸«v Ah-fpsS a\-Êm-Ip¶ ]qhp hmSn. Pohsâ KXn-tbmÀ¯p- am-{X-amImw AhÄ Ct¸mÄ
ZpxJw ad-¡m³ Cu `qan-bn-en-cp¶v Cuiz-c-tkh sN¿p-¶-Xv. Cuiz-csâ ]mZ-am-Ip¶ Xmac-¸q-hnsâ [ym\-¯nsâ hgn-bn a\Êv Dd¨p \n¡m-¯-Xn-\m ZpxJn-X-bmb B bphXn
th\-en hän-t¸mb \Zn-t]mse KXn \jvS-s]-«-h-fm-bn. a\-Êp -th-Z-\n¨v AhÄ I®oÀ
s]mgn¨p. Gähpw Adn-hp-Å-h-fm-sW-¦n IqSn kv{XoI-fpsS a\Êv A[o-c-am-Wv. F¦nepw
Ah-fpsS PohnXw [\y-am-sW¶v Ihn.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
18
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""k´Xw anln-c-\mß tim`bpw
kz´amw a[p sImXn-¨-h-­n\pw
N´-amÀ¶-cpfn \nev¡p-tam-ate
l´-[\yanl \nsâ PohnXw''
Im«n \n¶v tbmKn a\p-jy-i-_vZ-¯n-epÅ ]m«v tIÄ¡p-¶p. B ]m«v At±-l-¯nÂ
IuXp-I-ap-fhm¡n. i_vZw -sIm­v {]mW\p kpJw sNmcn-bp¶ B i_vZ-¯nsâ Dd-hnSw
ImWm-\m-{K-ln¨v tbmKn AhnsS Xs¶ \n¶p. \fn\n ho­pw ]mSp-¶p. ban Xma-c-s]mbvIb
- psS ASp-¯p-sN¶v t\m¡p-¶p. ac-¡q-«§
- Ä¡n-Sb
- n \nem-hnsâ t\cn-bt- c-Jt- ]mse
saenªp ImWp¶ ChÄ Bcm-Wv? Zb tXm¶n-¡p¶ a«n ChÄ ZpxJn-¡p¶phtÃm
F¶p hnNm-cn¨v GIm-In-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶ Ahsf ban t\m¡n. At¸mÄ s]«¶v Icnw Iqhf
]q¡-tf-¡mÄ kpµ-ca
- mb Ah-fpsS I®p-IÄ hnSÀ¶p. Ch-fpsS N{µ-\mtWm Cu kw\ymkn. Zqsc \n¶v b-ansb I­v AXv Bcm-sW¶v AhÄ DSs\ a\-kn-em¡n. Gähpw CjvSs]« Bfp-Isf Xncn-¨-dn-bp-hm³ kv{XoI-fpsS I®p-IÄ¡v hntij tijn-bp­v. Bsf
Xncn-¨-dnª AhÄ H¶p sR«n. F´p-sN-¿-W-sa¶dnbmsX Ipg-§n. ]ns¶ H«p kw{`at¯msS AhÄ bXn-sb-Xs¶ t\m¡n HmSn-s¨-¶p.
""A³]n \n¶p `K-hm³ `hÂ]Zw
Ip¼n-Sp¶ KXn-bmb Zmkn Rm³
sh¼n-tbh ah-tfm-Xn, tbmKn-X³
ap¼n ho­p arZp-tla bjvSn-t]mÂ
Hä-bm-bnS Ipcp-§n-hm¨ X³
Iä-hmÀIp-gIpgan X³ ]Z-§-fnÂ
Dä-cmK tamSn-Sªp Im¬I-bmÂ
apäp tamÀ¯p IrX-Ir-Xy-sb-¶-hÄ''
Aev]t- \cw Btem-Nn¨p \n¶ tijw ban BÀ{Z Nn¯-\mbn B `mKy-hX
- nsb A\p-{K-ln¨n«v ]nt¶m-«p-amdn BwKyw sIm­v AhÄ¡v Fgp-t¶Â¡p-hm-\pÅ kqN\ \ÂIn. Hcp
hn[w ]Wn-s¸«-hÄ Fgp-t¶-äp. amdnS¯nÂ\n¶v DuÀ¶p-t]mb h¡ew ]nSn-¨p -sIm­v
ban-bpsS Imense s]mSn-sXm«p kvt\l-t¯msS AhÄ Xe-bn sh¨p. BZ-c-thm-Sp-IqSn
amdn-\n¶v bansb t\m¡n. F´mWv Xsâ {]nb-\mb Ch³ Xt¶m-Sp-]-d-bpI, F´mWv
alm-\m-bh
-- ³ Icp-XpI C¯-c-¯n Nn´n¨v AhÄ \nÂt¡ -ban au\w ssIsh-Sn-ªp.
""awKew `Kn\n \nsâ `àn-bmÂ
XpwK-tam-Z-an-b-ep-¶p-Rm³ ipt`
F§p sNmÃn-bnhn-sS-bm-scm-Smcp \o
sb§p \n¶p ap\n ]p{X-ZÀit\''
F¶n-§s\ ]d-ªp- sIm­v \nÊw-K\
- mbn D¯cw tIÄ¡p-hm³ Im¯p-\n-¶p. Xm³ At\zjn¨p \S-¶h
- ³ `mKyw sIm­v ap¶n-se-¯n-bn«pw Xs¶ Xncn-¨d- n-ªn-Ã! Ch³ ]g-bI
- m-es¯
Imcy-§sfÃmw ]msS ad-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. C¯-c¯
- n Nn´n-¨p- s\-Sp-hoÀ¸n«pw AhÄ ]d-ªp.
""IjvS-Im-e-a-Jnew Ignªp l!
ZnjvSao hSn-hn-b¶p h¶-t]mÂ
ZpjvS-\m-bnl `hm³; `hm\p ]þ
­njvSbmw "\fn\n' Rm³ alm-atX!''
{]mW-t\mSp samcp-\mÄ `hÂ]Zw
ImWp-hm³ Nnc-atlm sImXn¨p Rm³
tIWphmWn-hn-sS, tbIp aÀ°nbmw
{]mWn-X³ {]nb-sam-cn-¡n-en-iz-c³.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
19
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
C{]-Imcw ]dªv XpSÀ¶v kwkm-cn-¡m-\m-hmsX AhÄ I®oÀ hmÀ¯p. bXn AhfpsS apJ-t¯¡p kq£n¨p t\m¡n. {]`m-X-¯n {]Im-in-¡p¶ aªp-Xp-Ån-IÄ hoW
]\n-\oÀ ]qhm-bn-cp¶p AXv. Bcm-sW-¶-h³ thKw-Xs¶ Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p.
""]mchpw ]cn-Nbw IeÀs¶gpw
t]mcpao a[p-c-amb IWvThpw
kmc-ambv kvarXn-bn \obp-an-t¸mÄ
\n³ Zqcamw `h-\hpw hcp-¶tb!''
I­ DSs\ Xncn-¨-dn-bm-ª-X n AÃtbm kJo, \o hnj-an-¡-cp-Xv. A¶v Cfw
{]mb¯nemWv Rm³ \ns¶ I­Xv. Ct¸m-gm-Is« \o ]qÀW-h-fÀ¨-sb-¯n-bn-cn¡p-¶p.
Fsâ `mK¯p \n¶p-­m-Ip¶ A{]n-b-I-c-amb s]cp-amäw sIm­v \n¶p-I-c-bp¶ \nsâ
{]W-b-Nm-]-eys¯ Rm³ A¶p-an¶pw Hcp-t]mse ImWp¶p. AXp-t]m-Is«, F´p
ImcWw sIm­mWv \o ChnsS Xma-kn-¡p-¶Xv?
\fn\n Ft´m Imcy-km-²y-¯n-\mWv Xs¶ HmÀ¯Xv F¶v ban hnNm-cn-¡p-¶p.
\fn-\n-tbmSv X\n-s¡mcp hnIm-c-hp-an-sö [z\n taÂ]-dª hcn-I-fn-ep-­v. a\-Ênse
ZpxJw H¶-S-§n-sb-¦nepw Ah-fpsS icocw DÅnse BImw-£-IÄ {]I-Sn-¸n-¨p. F¶n-«hÄ C§s\ ]d-ªp: Bcy, ap³Ime ]cn-N-b-§Ä Xcp¶ ss[cyw sIm­v Fsâ lrZb-¯n-ep-ÅXv Rm³ ]d-bp-hm³ XpS-§p-Ib
- mWv. a\-Ên-epÅ ZpxJw sIm­v PohnXw `mcam-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. C\n ]d-bmsX hn«m Cu `mcw Hgn-bp-Ib
- nÃ. Cu `qan-bn CXp tIÄ¡m³
A§-ÃmsX Bcp-an-Ã.
""X¶-Xnà ]c-\p-Åp-Im-«p-hmþ
s\m¶pta \c\p]mb-ao-iz-c³
C¶p `mj-b-X-]qÀ®-hn-§tlm
h¶pt]mw ]ng-bp-aÀ° i¦-bmÂ!''
A§s\ ZpxJ-a-dn-ªn-Ã-¦nepw kmc-anà F¶m Fsâ lrZ-bs¯ A§p sXän-²-cn¨m ]n¶n-sS-\n¡v s]mdp-Xn-bp-­m-hn-Ã. AtXmsS Rm³ Cu `qan¡pw kzÀK-¯n\pw
]äm-¯-h-fm-bn-¯o-cpw. \nsâ ZpxJw F\n-¡p- XoÀ¨-bmbpw a\-Ên-em-Ipw F¶ ban-bpsS
hm¡p-IÄ AhÄ¡v ss[cyw ]I-cp-¶p. AhÄ Ignª Ime-¯nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ bantbmSv ]¦p-sh-bv¡p-¶p.
D¨-bmbt¸mÄ ac-¯W
- e
- n-en-cp¶v ]pkvXIw Xmsg-sh¨v aÃn-Ib
- d
- ps¯Sp¯v at\ml-c-amb sNdp-ame sI«n-bp-­m¡n Fsâ kpµ-c-amb sIm¨p-ap-Sn-bn A§v AWn-bn¨Xpw Rmt\mÀ¡p-¶p. Fsâ I®p-IÄ s]m¯n-bXpw I®oÀ I\-thmsS XpS-¨Xpw Rm³
HmÀ¡p-¶p. ]ns¶ A§sb F\n¡p \jvS-s]«p. Fs¶ kt´m-jn-¸n-¡m³ AÑt\sd
{ian-s¨-¦nepw km[n-¨n-Ã. HmÀ¯n-cn-¡msX buh-\hpw IS-¶p- h-¶p. Fsâ Aѳ \nÝbn¨ hnhm-l- -hmÀ¯ Fsâ ImXn-se¯nbt¸mÄ hnj-_m-[-bm-se¶ t]mse a\-Ên-Sdn
Rm³ Ipg§n hoWp. Poh³ \ne-\nÀ¯n-bXv A§-sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-bm-Wv. hÀ²n¨
Icp-WtbmsS Fs¶ kam-[m-\n-¸n-¡m-s\-¯nb tXmgn-am-cn \n¶v Rm³ hn«p- \n¶p.
temIw apgp-h³ Dd§n InS¶ Hcp cm{Xn-bn Rm³ AhnsS, B XSm-I-¡-c-bn Hä-¡p\n-¶p. ]ns¶ Rm³ Btem-Nn¨v hfsc Bg-apÅ B XoÀ°-¡S- h
- n-en-d§n. ZpxJw-sIm­v
hm¡ntem a\-Êntem (GXp coXn-bn-em-sW¶v HmÀ½-bn-Ã) Rm³ C¯-c-¯n A´y{]mÀ°\ sNmÃn.
""PohntX-i-s\-b-\p-{K-ln-¡, h³
`qhn-ep­v KncntP he-ªp-S³
Cuhn[w Xp\n-h-Xma ià Rm³
tZhn, \n³ ]Z-a-W-bv¡-bw-_ntI''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
20
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
B Ib-¯n Bgp-¶-Xn\p th­n Rm³ DSs\ IpXn-¨p. ]mb-ensâ Iq«w \o§n B­pt]m-Ip¶ Fsâ Igp¯v tase X§n-t¸mbn. Fsâ apSns¡«v ]nSn-¨p-sIm­v hfsc tXPkz-\n-bmb Hcp tbmKn\n \n¶n-cp-¶p. N{µ-t\-¡mÄ IpfnÀa \ÂIp-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p AhfpsS km¶n[yhpw kvt\l ]qÀW-amb ]p©n-cnbpw. Fs¶ sI«n FSp¯v AhÄ Ic-Ibän Fsâ IY-sbm¶pw AhÄ tNmZn-¨n-Ã. Cud³ amän hev¡ew [cn¨v Rm³ B alXnsb ]n³Xp-SÀ¶p. hn[n asämcp icocw Xcp-¶Xpw t]dn Hcp Im«n-se¯n tNÀ¶p
At¸m-tg¡pw kqcy³ DZn¨p Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. a\-Ên\p {]nb-¦-c-\mb A§v kao-]-an-ÃmsX
Rm³ at\m-l-c-amb h\w ASp¯p I­-t¸mÄ k¦-S-s¸«p. {]IoÀ¯n-¡-s¸-tS­ KpWt¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb AhÄ Fs¶ \nÀ`-b-ambn Cu Xt]m-h-\-¯n tNÀ¯p. ZpxJn-X-sb-¦nepw
Bcys\ ]n³Xp-SÀ¶-Xn-\m Rm³ AXoh [\y-sb¶v IcpXn. B kn²-tbm-Kn\n F\n¡v
hnZy \ÂIn. A©n-{µn-b-§-fpsS {]hÀ¯-\-hp-a-S¡n Znh-kw-tXmdpw a\-Ên-cp¯n Rm³
X]Êv ioen-¨p. B{Klw thKw km[n-¡p-sa¶v B alXn Fs¶ A\p-{K-ln-¨p. kvt\l]qÀÆ-amb Kpcp-hnsâ {]km-Z-amWv in£y-cpsS t£a- Im-c-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw c­p-\mÄ
Ignªp. a\kv F´n-t\m-th­n kpJ-t¯msS Db-cp-¶p. hknjvT ]Xv\n-bmb Acp-ÔXo
tZhn Dd-¡-¯n {]Xy-£-s¸«p, CXm FXn-tc¡pI \nsâ {]nb³ h¶n-cn-¡p¶p, F¶v
B Zbm-hXn ]d-ªp. F¶p ]d-ª-hÄ Ah-km-\n-¸n-¨p. bXn C¯-c-¯n kwkm-cn-¨pþ
tI«p Rm³ \n³ Ncn-X-a-ÛpXw! ipt`
Im«n hmgvh Xns\-gp¶ aqehpw
Im«n kmlkw a\-ev]-taXpXm
\ms«, \n³ \nb-a-N-cy-\-¶tb!
XpSÀ¶v tbmKn Ahsf temI-X¯
- z-§Ä ]dªv t_m[y-s]-Sp-¯p-Ib
- m-Wv. Rm³ t]mIs«
\n\-¡p- im´n t\cp-¶p. hn[n-bpsS tbmKw \s½-Iq-«n-ap-«n--¨m C\nbpw ImWp-I-bp-amImw. F¶v ]dªv Ah³ \S-¡p-hm³ `mhn-¨p. DSs\ AhÄ h³ ZpxJ¯nembn. {]`
\jvS-s]«v hnfdn a¬]m-h-t]mse £W-t\cw angn-¨p-\n-¶p. ]pe-¼-temsS sN¶v AhÄ
`qan-bn hoWv At±-l-¯nsâ ]mZ-§Ä ]nSn-¨p.
""Fsâ tbI [\-a§p Poh-\þ
s§sâ t`mK-aXp sasâ tam£hpw
Fsâ boi ZrVao ]Zmw-_pP
¯nsâ koa CXp-t]m-Inenà Rm³'',
A§s\ -]-d-ªp -sIm­v s]mÅp¶ I®o-cp-sIm­v B ]Xn-{hX Abm-fpsS tIma-f-amb
]mZs¯ \\-¨p. At¸mÄ B alm³ Xncnªp \n¶p. \nÀ½-e-amb t{]a-¯nsâ he-bnÂ
BcmWv hoWp-t]m-Im-¯-Xv?
""kvt\l-am-W-Jne kmc-aq-gn-bnÂ
kvt\l-km-c-anl kXyta-Iamw
taml\w `ph-\-kw-K-an-§-XnÂ
kvt\l-aq-eaate- shSn-ªp Rm³''
tXmgn, \n¶n Rm³ Imcp-Wy-ap-Åh
- \
- m-W.v \o Ic-bc
- p-X.v ZpxJw ssIsIm-Åc
- pXv. kXys¯
km£m-Xv¡-cn-¨p-h¶v \nXy-amb kpJw {]m]n-¡m³ Ignbpw. B clkyw Rm³ ]dbpw.
Úm\n C§s\ Zb-tbm-Sp-IqSn ]d-ª-t¸mÄ Bfp¶ ]´w-t]mse AhÄ Fgp-t¶-äp.
kwibw XoÀ¶v ioX-¡mäv Gä-Xp-t]mse AhÄ¡v tcmam-©-ap-­mbn. B ]cn-ip-²- hn-d
-sIm­p CSn-\mZw sIm­p hnSÀ¶ IS-¼n³ ]qt]mse AhÄ hnd-¨p. a\-Ên Ic-I-hnbp¶ ck-am-Ip¶ Xnc-I-fm \n¡m-\m-hm¯ Xoc¯p \nev¡p¶ hÅn-t]mse B ]XnB[p-\n-I IhnX
21
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
{hX Nmªp. kz´w ico-c¯
- n\v ]än-bm-se¶t]mse ASp¯v sN¶v ssIIÄsIm­v ban
Xm§n \nÀ¯n. im´-amb Hcp Xnc-bn asämcp Xnc-t]m-sebpw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp \mZt¯mSp asämcp \mZw t]msebpw Hcp {]Im-i-t¯mSp asämcp {]Imiw t]msebpw AhÀ
ssIIfpw ico-chpw X½n tNÀ¯p. A§s\ ebn¨p \n¡p-t¼mÄ B I\yI temI¯n km[m-c-W-ambn aämÀ¡pw kw`-hn-¡m-¯-Xmb tIh-e-amb kpJw kam-kz-Zn-¨p.
tJZ-¯nsâ Hcwiw t]mepw AXn D­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. \jvS-`o-Xnbpw AXn D­m-bn-cp-¶nÃ. at\m-lc
- a
- mb Hcp ]p©n-cn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn AhÀ Xm\-dn-bmsX Ah-km-\t- a-L¯
- n \n¶pÅ
ag-t]mse I®oÀ s]mgn-¨p. B Pe-[m-c-bn s\©p-\-\-ª-t¸mgpw B [oc-a-\-kvI³
tcmam-©n-X\
- m-bn-Ã. B Hma-em-fpsS apJ-¯p-\n¶v "Hmw' F¶v \nKq-Va
- mb thZs¯ DÄsImÅp¶ i_vZw ]pd-s¸-«p. Hcp tXPÊv DSs\ Ah-fn \n¶p-bÀ¶v BIm-i-a-Þ-e-¯nÂ
F¯n-a-d-ªp. £oW-bmbn \n¶v I®p-I-f-S¨v \nÝ-e-amb {]mW-t\m-Sp-IqSn Ahsâ
tXmfn Imä-S§n sImSn-a-c-¯n Xm\pw ]än-\n¡p¶ ]Xm-I-t]mse AhÄ hoWp.
At¸mÄ tbmKn H¶p sR«p-Ibpw a\-Êe
- n-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\-Ê-wb
- aw hn«v B alm-ban
ZoÀL-ambn izkn-¨p. ]«p-t]m-epÅ Ah-fpsS icocw Xsâ ico-c-¯nÂ\n¶v thÀs]-Smªv
kwi-bm-ep-hm-bn. bXn Xsâ {]hr-¯n-Isf ]p\-c-h-tem-I\w sN¿p-Ibpw sNdnb {]mb¯nte {]mW³ XyPn¨ AhÄ [\y-bm-sW¶v AwKo-I-cn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ka-b¯v
Xsâ injysb tXSn A\p-jvTm-\-§Ä Ignªv Imjmb thj-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb BNm-cy- h¶p. arX-Zmb icocw I­v hmhn-«p-Ic
- -ªp. At\ym\yw klm-bn¨v ]¨ ZÀ` hncn¨v AXnÂ
B arZp-hmb ico-cs¯ InS¯n AhÀ t\m¡n \n¶p. Ipsd ZpxJ-t¯mSp IqSn (D-­m-b)
Imcy-§Ä ]c-kv]cw ]d-ªp. hn[n-{]-Imcw Ah-fpsS kwkv¡mcw Xocp-am-\n-¨p. DZ-I-{Inb-t]mse I®oÀXqIn ih-¡Ãv sh¨-tijw ep_v[À
- t]mse c­mfpw thÀ]n-cn-ªp. {]hmk-¯n-\mbn kzbw Dd¨v tbmKn-bm-Ip¶ Znhm-I-cs\ hn«v tbmKn\n kÔy-t]mse ad-ªp.
ChnsS am{X-amWv \mb-I\v Znhm-I-c³ F¶v Ihn t]cp-\ÂIp-¶Xv. AXpw Be-¦m-cn-Ia
- mbn-«p-am{Xw. temI-t£-tam-Õp-I-\mbn hntZ-i-¯n B t{i-jvT-ap\n hmWp. Ah\p ZpxJap-­m-bnÃ. \fn-\nsb kw_-Ôn¨ Nn´-sIm­v ip²n- Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. k^-e-amb
\qäm­p Ign-ªp-t]mbn ]ns¶ acWw kw`-hn-¨p. \fn\nþZnhm-I-c³amÀ Bimsâ Bßkz-cq-]§fmsW¶v k½-Xn-¡mw. ZznapJ ho£-W-amÀ¶p \n¡p¶ A´ÀssZ-\y-`m-h¯nsâ kPoh Nn{X-§tfm {]Xn-I§
- tfm BW-hÀ. hyà-ambn ]d-ªm kvt\l-¯nsâ
`uXn-tI-X-chpw `uXo-I-hp-amb c­p DXvIrjvS k¦-ev]§
- f
- psS ssNX-t\ym-Öz-e§
- f
- mb
{]Xo-I-§-fm-W-hÀ. ImcWw tIc-f-¯ntem ssla-hX `qhntem C¯cw IYm-]m-{X-§sf
I­p-ap-«n-sb¶p hcnÃ; am{X-aà C¯-c-¯n DZm-¯hpw DNvirw-J-e-hp-amb Hcp kvt\lIY hyh-lm-cn-I-tem-I-¯n \S-¡m-\p-an-S-bn-Ã. \fn-\n-bpsS kvt\lhpw B km£mXv¡m-c-¯n-\p-th­n AhÄ kzoI-cn-¡p¶ IÀa ]cn--]m-Sn-I-fp-saÃmw XnI¨pw Akm-[m-cW-sat¶ ]d-tb-­q.
kmam\y Ah-tem-I\
- ¯
- n Znhm-I-c³ kvt\l-iq-\y-\m-sW¶v tXm¶mw. F¶mÂ
kq£va ho£-W-¯n XnI¨pw kvt\l k¼-¶-\m-W-bmÄ. Znhm-I-csâ kvt\lw hnime-am-sW-¶p-am-{Xw. temI-t¯mfw Xs¶ B kvt\l-¯n\v hen-¸-ap-­v. temI-¯n-epÅ
FÃm¯n-t\bpw Xpey-ambn t\m¡n-Im-Wp-hm³ X¡-hn[w kXy-t_m-[m-ßI
- a
- mb kvt\lam-W-Xv. Akm-[m-c-Whpw A[ym-ßn-I-hp-amb kvt\lw. B \nebv¡v temIs¯ t\m¡nIm-Wp¶ kqcysâ ]cymbw Znhm-I-cs\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw A\zÀ°-am-Wv. \fn-\nbpsS kvt\l-am-Is« ZnhmI-c\
- n-te¡p am{Xw HXp-§n-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-¡p-Ib
- m-Wv. Ah-fpsS PohnI-{]]©w Xs¶ Znhm-I-c-\n-te¡v Npcp-§n- \n¡p-¶p. Znhm-I-c\
- n imco-cn-I-ambpw am\B[p-\n-I IhnX
22
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
kn-I-ambpw ebn-¡p-¶-Xn Ihn-ªpÅ e£y-sam¶pw B kvt\l-¯n-\n-Ã. AXy-[nIw
k¦p-Nn-Xhpw AtX-ka
- bw AXy-[nIw Xo{h-hp-amb kvt\l-am-W-Xv. Hcp hi¯v Aeu-IoIhpw DZm-¯hpw DXvIr-jvS-amb sshIm-cn-I-kvt\lw; adp-h-i¯v euIo-Ihpw AXn-Xo{hhpw BZÀtim-Öz-e-hp-amb sshIm-cnI kvt\lw. \fn-\n-bn kvt\l-¯nsâ Cu a«nepÅ euInI ho£-W-§Ä X½n-emWv Gäp-ap-«Â \S-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu Gäp-ap-«-en AeuIoI kvt\l-¯n euIo-I-kvt\lw Xs¶-bmWv Pbn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v tXm¶m-sa-¦nepw
kqjvam-]-{K-Y-\-¯n \fn-\n-bpsS BZÀtim-Öz-e-amb kvt\l-¯n-\p-ap-¶n ]I-bv¡pIbpw ]X-dp-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Znhm-Ic Nn¯w ASn-]X
- -dn- ho-gmsX \n¶v \fn-\n-bpsS sshImcn-I kvt\ls¯ clky XtXzm]tZ-iw s
- Im­v hna-eo-Ic
- n¨v AhÄ¡v Bß-kpJw \ÂIp¶-Xmbn ImWmw.
AtXm-sSm¸w \fn-\n-bpsS Bß-Xym-tKm-Öz-ea
- mb kvt\l-¯n\v Znhm-Ic
- sâ B[ymXvanI kvt\ls¯ IÀtamÂkp-I-am-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶p-­v. \fn-\n-bpsS Bß-Xym-K-¯n\p-tijw A´Àap-J-\mbn Ccp¶v X]-kp-sNbvXv Bß-km-£m-Xv¡mcw t\Sm-\Ã, temItk-h-t\mÕp-I-\mbn amdm-\mWv Znhm-I-c³ A`n-e-jn-¨-Xv. ]cn-hÀ¯\w c­p-t]-cp-tSbpw
kvt\l-¯n-ep-­m-hp-¶p. X·qew Znhm-I-csâ Aeu-IoI kvt\ltam \fn-\n-bpsS euIoI-ktv \-ltam GXmWv IqSp-XÂ A`n-Im-ay-sa¶v Xocp-am-\n-¡m³ Bhm¯ hn[-amWv kvt\l`m-ht- `-Z§
- sf Cu IrXn-bn Bim³ Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. hnIm-cs¯ hnth-Iw- sIm­v
Pbn¨v XXz-Úm-\-¯n-eqsS tam£w t\Sp¶ a«n-epÅ {_Ò-km-£m-Xv¡m-cw. \fn-\n-bnÂ
kvt\l-ap-­v, ]t£ B kvt\lw e£y-aÃ, amÀKw am{Xw. tam£s¯ hnf-bn-¡p¶
Xt¯zm-]-tZiw \mbn-I-bpsS No¯ t£{X-¯n \«p-]n-Sn-¸n-¡m³ tbmKy-am-Ip-amdv ]m]¯nsâ If-Isf kaqew \in¸n¨v Aar-Xt- kIw sN¿p¶ A\p-`qXn hnti-j¯
- nsâ Øm\amWv Bim³ \fn-\n-bn kvt\l-¯n\v \ÂIn-bn-«p-Å-Xv. Bimsâ {it²-b-amb Imhy§-fn-seÃmw Cu kvt\tlm-]m-k\ Xs¶-bmWv Gdnbpw Ipdªpw ImWp-¶-Xv. \fn-\nbn Cu kvt\tlm-]m-k\ AXnsâ DZm¯ cq]-¯n Xs¶ ImWp-¶p.
""ip²-{]-W-b-¯m X]-kv, X]-kn-\m kXz-ip-²n, kXz-ip-²n-bm XtXz-m]-tZ-ie_v[n XtXz-]t- Z-ie
- -_v[n-bm tam£-{]m]vXn'' C§-s\-bmWv At±-ls¯ kw_-Ôn-¨nS-t¯mfw \fn-\n-bpsS tam£ {]{In-bm -co-Xn.
\fn-\n-bnse Iem-ta·-I-fn {][m\w AXnse \mS-Io-b-X- Xs¶. kvt\l-¯nsâ
ho£-W-hy-Xym-k-§Ä DbÀ¯p¶ kwLÀj-amWv \-fn-\n-bnse \mS-Io-b-Xbv¡v Bkv]Zw. XXz-\nÀ²m-c-Wtam \fn-\n-bpsS tam£-{]m-]vXntbm H¶p-a-Ã, \fn-\n-bpsS Bß-Xym-KamWv Cu IrXnsb Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-¡p-¶-Xv. \fn-\n-bpsS ac-W-¯n\v th­{X Iem-]-camb hnizm-kyX \ÂIm³ Bim\v Ign-ªn-«p-­v. kw`-hy-Xm-\n-b-a-¯nt\m sshZy-imkv{X-¯n\p t]meptam FXn-cp-]-d-bm³ ]äm-¯-a-«n-emWv Znhm-I-csâ amÀÆnSw \fn\n Nc-ai-¿-bm-¡n-am-äp-¶-Xv. \fn-\n-bpsS {_Ò km£m-Xv¡m-c-aà Imthym-t±iyw. A§-s\-bm-bncp-s¶-¦n \fn-\n-bpsS ac-W-t¯mSpIqSn Imhyw kam-]n-t¡-­X
- m-bn-cp-¶p. F¶m ZnhmI-csâ {_Ò km£m-Xv¡m-cs¯ Ipdn¨v IqSn kqNn-¸n¨psIm­mWv Imhyw kam-]n-¡p-¶Xv. XtXzm-]t- Ziw sIm­v IqSp-X ]cn-ip²n t\Sn tam£-Zm-bI
- a
- mbn XoÀ¶ \fn\n kvt\l¯n\v IqSp-X Xnf¡w \ÂIm³ Cu kam-]\w klm-bn-¡p-¶p. GXm-bmepw Hcp sNdpI-Y-bpsS GIm-{K-Xbpw sI«p-d¸pw Hcp \mS-I-¯nsâ kwLÀjhpw {]Xy-£-h-Xv¡-c-W£-a-Xbpw Hcp `mh-Im-hy-¯nsâ hnImc]c-Xbpw `mh-\-m]-c-Xbpw H¯n-W-§n-\n¡p¶
Bimsâ amÌÀ]okmb JÞ-Im-hy-amWv \fn-\n.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
23
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hÅ-t¯mÄ
1878 HIvtSm-_-dn P\n¨ hÅ-t¯mÄ tIc-f-hÀ½-bp-tSbpw sh¬a-Wn-a-l-tâbpw
sXm«p-]n-¼pÅ Xe-ap-db
- psS {]Xn-\n-[n-bm-W.v 12 mwhb-Ên Xs¶ "Incm-Xi
- X
- I
- 'hpw "hymkmh-Xm-c'hpw cNn¨ hÅ-t¯mÄ A{X km[m-c-W-a-Ãm¯ Ihn-Xm-hm-k-\-bpsS DS-a-Ø-\mWv. {]mcw-`-¯n sh¬a-Wn-{]-Øm-\-¯nsâ XWÂ]-än-\n¶v Ihn-Xm-c-N\ \S-¯mt\
hÅ-t¯m-fn\v Ign-ªp-Åq. ]mc-¼-cy-a-\p-k-cn¨v Xs¶ kwkvIrX hnZym-`ymkw t\Snb
hÅ-t¯m-fn\v `mcX kwkv¡mc- \n-[n-I-fmb ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-k-§-tfmSv th­{X {]Xn-]¯n-bp-­m-bn-cp-¶p. sdmamân-kn-k¯
- nsâ A\n-hm-cy-LS- -I§
- Ä hÅ-t¯mÄ Ihn-X-I-fnÂ
{]mapJyw kn²n-¨n-«n-Ã. kq£va-ambn ]d-ªm `mh-\-tb-¡mÄ iàn Ipdª IÂ]-\IÄ¡mWv (Fancy) hÅ-t¯mÄ Ihn-X-If
- n IqSp-X {]k-àn. AXn-\m {]o sdmamân¡mWv hÅ-t¯mÄ F¶pw ]d-bmw. Ihn-{X-b-¯nÂsh¨v Gähpw henb kuµ-tcym-]m-kI³ hÅ-t¯m-fm-Wv. ssZÀLyw am{Xw am\-Z-Þ-§-fmbn Iev]n-¨m GXm­v Hcp Ukt\mfw JÞ-Im-hy-§Ä hÅ-t¯mÄ cNn-¨n-«p­v. X]-Xo-kw-h-c-Ww, ZÞ-Im-c-Wyw,
KW]Xn F¶o Ihn-X-IÄ BJym-\-I-kz-`mhw ]peÀ¯p-¶-h-bm-Wv. IYm-Im-hy-§-fm-Wh. EXphn-emkw hÀW-\m-{]-[m-\-amb Imhy-J-Þhpw "_[n-c-hn-em]w' `mh-Ko-X-hp-amWv
"ic-W-a-¿¸m' "_m¸pPn' F¶nh \o­p-t]mb kvXpXn KoX-§fmWv. cpÜn-bpsS I¯v
sIm¨p-koX F¶nh BJym-\-I-§-fp-tSbpw A[p-\nI JÞ-Im-hy-§-fp-tSbpw CSbv¡p
\n¡p¶ eLp-Im-hy-§-fp-am-Wv. "_Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²³', "injy\pw aI\pw' "aKvZe-\a
- d- nbw' "A¨\pw aIfpw' F¶nh B[p-\nI JÞ-Im-hy-§f
- psS ap³\n-cb
- n \n¡m³
AÀl-Xt- \Snb IrXn-I-fm-Wv.
"_Ô-\-Øm-\mb A\n-cp-²-'\mWv hÅ-t¯m-fn \n¶p cq]w-sIm­ BZys¯
B[p-\nI JÞ-Im-hyw. ca-W³ Ign-ªm Bimsâ "Icp-W'-sb-¶-t]mse tIc-fo-bm-[c-§f
- n Gähpw IqSp-X X¯n-¡f
- n-¨n-«pÅ Imhy-amWv "aKvZe
- \
- a
- d- n-bw'. hnip² ss__nÄ
7þmw A²ym-b-¯n hnh-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp kw`-h-I-Y-bmWv Cu Imhy-¯n¶p-]m-Zm-\w.
DÅn X«nb ]Ým-¯m]w ]m]-tam-N-t\m-]mbamIp¶ {InkvXp hN\w {]mtbm-Kn-I-ambn
ImWp¶ Cu kw`h IYbv¡v B[m-c-in-e-bmbn hÀ¯n-¡p-¶Xv ]Ým-Xm-]w, kvt\lw,
hnizmkw F¶o `mh XXz-§-fm-Wv. {InkvXp-a-X-X-Xz-§-fmbn amdnb `mh-{Xbw Xs¶ Cu
IY-bpsS A´x-k-¯.
aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbw
ss__n-fns\ ASn-Øm-\a
- m¡n cNn-¡s
- ¸« BZys¯ ae-bmf ]Zy-Ir-Xn-bmWv "aKvZe-\a
- d
- nbw'. hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ amÌÀ]okv F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¡s
- ¸« Cu IrXn ae-bm-f¯
- nse
e£-W-sam¯ JÞ-Im-hy-sa¶ {]ikvXnbpw t\Sn.
aKvZ-e-\-¡mcn adn-b-¯nsâ ]m] hntam-N\ IY-bpsS \mS-Iob Bhn-jv¡m-c-amWv
hÅ-t¯mÄ \S-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶X
- .v A©v cwK-§f
- n-embn Keoem PnÃ-bnse \bn³ ]«-Ws¯
hÀWn-¨p-sIm­v H¶mw cwKw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶p. ina-tbmsâ ]qta-Sb
- n Ahn-S-hnsS Xq¡n-bn«pÅ hnf-¡p-I-fnÂ\n¶v {]k-cn-¡p¶ {]Im-i-[m-h-fy-¯n\v a§-teÂ]n¨v IS-¶p-h-cp¶
tXP-]p-RvP-ambn tbip-hns\ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. temI-¯n-te-ähpw hnin-jvS-\mb AXnYnsb e`n-¨n«pw blqZ kl-P-amb BXn-Yy-a-cymZ ImWn-¡m³ Iq«m-¡m¯ Al-¦m-cn-bmb
inatbm-s\-bmWv ASp-¯-Xmbn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
""kÀh k¼¯pw PK-¯n hnX-bv¡p¶
Znhyamw Xr¡cw Npw_n-¸m\pw
Gsg-«p-Im-insâ bp³amZ¯Åte
B[p-\n-I IhnX
24
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]mgpä \n³ Xe Xmgn-Ãt¶m
\¸\n \ocm Igp-In-¡-th-­p¶
Xr¸-Z-¯n\p shdpw X®ocpw
e`y-am-boe X³ tKl-¯n-e-sæn
en¸Zw Xms\mcp ]pWy XoÀ°w.
X¿m-dm-bp-sW-s¶mcpànbm kzmKXw
sN¿mt\ iotam³ apXnÀ¶-Xp-Åq''.
XpSÀ¶v Nn{X-hÀtWm-Öze¸«p hcn-¸n injy-cp-sam¯p A¯m-g-¯n-\n-cn-¡p¶ tbiphnsâ ae-bm-fn¯w \ndª Hcp at\m-l-c-amb hmMva-b-¨n-{X-am-Wv. H¶mw hn`m-K-¯nsâ
hÀW-\-bn FSp-¯p-]-d-bm-hp¶ khn-ti-jX AXnse sslµh ss{IkvXh kwkv¡mc¯nsâ DZv{K-Y-\-am-Wv.
hn«p-Sa
- Ø
- sâ k¼Zvkar-²nsb ImWn-¡p¶ hne-s¸« ]m{X-§f
- n kzmZpÅ `£W-]-ZmÀ°-§Ä km[p-¡-fmb ]mN-I-¡mÀ hnf-¼n-sh-bv¡p¶p; ]¨-sh-Ås¯ ap´n-cn¨m-dm-¡nb `K-hm\v `£n-¡m-\m-bn.
""ImÂIÄ ]nt¼m«p aS¡n ¯rs¸m³ NpaÂ
XmgvsI CSwssI hncn-¸n-eq¶n
sXÃn-S-t¯m«p Nmªp-®m-\n-cn-¸mbn
kÃo-e-\o-iz-c³ \nXy-Xr-]vX³''
(hn-cn-¸ntem ]oT-¯n³tatem Ccp¶p Imep-IÄ ]n³h-i-t¯¡p aS¡n \o«n sh¨mWv
blq-ZÀ `£Ww Ign-¡pI ]mc-kn-I³am-cn \n¶t{X blq-Z³amÀ Cu BNm-cs¯
kzoI-cn-¨-Xv)
c­mw `mK-¯n IYm-\m-bn-I -a-dnbw cwK-{]-thiw \S-¯p-¶p. BIm-i-¯p-\n¶v
Pzen¨p \n¶ \£-{X-§-fn-sem¶v \new ]Xn-¨-XmWv adn-b-sa¶v Ihn \s½ hniz-kn-¸n¡p-¶p. adn-b-¯nsâ Aeu-In--I-ku-µ-cyhpw ]m]¯nte-¡pÅ ]X-\-hpw B Hcp {]tbmK-¯n-eqsS kqNn-X-am-bn-cn¡p-¶p.
""Xmg-t¯-s¡-´ntX kq£n¨p t\m¡p¶p
Xmc-Itf \n§Ä \nÝ-e-ambv
\n§Ä X³ Iq«-¯n \n¶n-t¸m-gm-cm\pw
`wK-amÀ¶q-gn-bn hoWp t]mtbm
DÆnXm \£{Xw X¶bmw cq]-samþ
¶qÀhn-bn-en-¸pc hoYn-bn-¦Â
AÃ-¦n asämcp sIm¨p \nem-hXm
apÃ-¸q-t]m-epÅ Xq\n-em-hnÂ''
`hy-]c
- n-af
- -hm-ln-bmb ]\n-\oÀ \nd¨ kv^SnI ]m{Xhpw ssIbn-te´n GI-bmbn \nÝb
ZmÀVy-t¯msS IS¶p t]mIp¶ adn-bs¯ A`n-km-cnI F¶p iTn-¨n«v DS³ Xs¶ Ihn
AXp Xncp-¯p¶p.
Gh-cp-am-sc-b-`n-k-cn-t¡-W-hþ
tZh-s\-t¯Sn ¤an-t¸m-fn-hÄ
AhÄ intamsâ ho«p-ap-ä-s¯-¯p-¶p. tbip-hns\ ImWm³ [rXn-tbmsS Kan¨ Ah-fnt¸mÄ aµ-Km-an-bm-Wv. Ipew-Ip¯n ]mªp-h-cp¶ \Zn kap-{Z-t¯m-S-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ aµo-`-hn¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse kwi-bn¨v hmXn¡ \n¶p-t]mb Ahsf tbip Xsâ k¶n-[n-bnte¡v DÄ{]-thiw A\p-h-Zn-¨-Xmbn kqNn-¸n-¨p-sIm­v c­mw cwK-¯n\v Xnc-Èoe hogp¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
25
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
aq¶mwcwK-¯n adn-b-¯nsâ ]qÀÆ IY ]d-bp-¶p.
""Zmcn-{Zy-ip-jvIamw ]mgvIp-Sn-sem-¶n-emþ
Wocp-Nn-cmwKn P\n-¨-Xt{X
]md-¸p-d-s¯mcp `wKn-tbdpw ]\nþ
\oc-ec
- p-­m-bs
- X-§-s\tbm''
Cuiz-c³ Adnªp \ÂInb kuµcyw Xs¶-bmWv AhÄ¡v hn\-bm-bX
- v. kzmÀ°-]q-cn-Xcmb ]pcp-j³amÀ Ahsf Ima kwXr-]vXn-¡p-th­n ]m]-sN-fn-bn hogv¯n. Zmcn{Zy
]oU-bn hmSn-¯-f-cp¶ Hcp kpµ-cn-bpsS Nmcn{Xyw hn¡-s]-Sp-¶Xv kzm`m-hnIw.
""BZy-L-«-§-f-eo-hn-Sm-cm-[\w
\oXn-b-ö \ntj-[-i_vZw
tNX-Ên \n¶p-Zn-t¨-in-bn-cp-¶p, s]m³þ
ssIX-¸q-sa-¿mÄ X³ IÀW-¯n-¦Â
Ime-{I-am-eXp Imap-I-kvt{Xmàn
Pzme \nÀtLm-j-¯n-em­pt]mbvt]m-bv.''
\nXy-hr-¯n¡v \nhÀ¯n-bn-Ãm-Xn-cp¶ adnbw Aev]I
- m-ew-sIm­v sImä-¡pS NqSp¶ dmWnbmb amäw hÀ®n-¨p-sIm­v aq¶mw cwKw Ah-km-\n-¸n¡p-¶p.
adn-b¯
- nsâ am\-km-´-c¯
- nsâ ]Ým-¯ew hÀWn-¡p¶p \memw-cw-K¯
- nÂ. hy`nNm-c-e_
- v[a
- mb k¼-¯n B­p-ap-§nb adn-b¯
- nsâ IÀW-§f
- n tbip-tZ-hsâ [Àtam]-tZ-i-§Ä tX³ag s]¿n-¨p.
""c£n¡ Nmcn{X sas¶m-cm-d-£cw
\£{Xw t]me-Xm, X{X-an¶n
kmcw {Kln-¨-hÄ X³ Pohn-Xm-[ymb
tamtcm¶pw hmbn¨p t\m¡p-I-bmbv
Nmcn-{Xy-sa-s¶mcp hm¡-Xn I­oe
\mcn-¸q¬]t¿m-\-Sp-§n-t¸m-bn''
adnbw Gsd `b-s¸-«p. BUw-_-c-]qÀW-amb tIfo-ku-[hpw AXn-\p-Ånse Ae-¦m-c-hkvXp-¡fpw ]Ým-¯m-] -`-cn-X-bmb AhÄ¡v thZ-\m-P-\-I-§-fm-bn. Ah-sbÃmw AhÄ
Dt]-£n-¨p. \mep-]mSp \n¶v sN´n-]n-im-Np-¡Ä Bªp ]pÂIm-\mbn Xsâ t\À¡v
ASp-¡p-¶-Xm-b-hÄ¡v tXm¶n. F§pw c£ In«msX AhÄ Hcp Ip«n-sb-t¸mse hmhn«p
tIWp. FÃm kpJ-t`m-K-§fpw shSnªv BßmÀ°-ambn ]Ým-¯-]n¨ AhÄ¡v tbiptZ-hsâ khn-[-¯n-e-Wªv sXäp-I-sfÃmw Gäp-]-d-bm-\pÅ A´x-I-c-W-{]-tNm-Z-\-ap-­mbn. thiym-hr-¯n-sIm­v k¼m-Zn¨ [\w apgp-h³ AhÄ ]mh-§Ä¡v hnX-cWw sNbvXp.
k-Ie kpJ-t`m-K-§fpw Ft¶-¡p-ambn Dt]-£n-¨p. thiy-bmb adnbw acn¨p Ign-ªp.
C¶-hÄ ]pXp P·w t\Snb ]pWy-h-Xn-bm-Wv.
""C¶se \mw I­ tXhn-Sn-s]-®-Ãnþ
Xn¶-hÄ Nmcn{X Nmcp-aqÀ¯n
Hä-\mÄ sIms­ms¡ amdn-a-dn-ª-hÄ
asämcp P³aw P\n¨ t]membv
aÀ¯ys\ Iogvt¸m«p XÅp-¶-Xm-bmÄ X³
aäm-cp-a-Ãm-It- c-äp-¶-Xpw.''
tbip-tZ-h³ blq-Z{- ]-am-Wn-bmb ina-tbmsâ ho«n hncp-¶n-s\-¯nb hmÀ¯-bd- nªv adnbw
Ahn-sS-sb¯n hmXn¡ i¦n¨p \n¡p-¶Xpw XpSÀ¶v tbip-hnsâ k¶n-[n-bnÂ
sXäp-IÄ Gäp-]-dªv am¸-t]-£n¨v s]mdp-Xn-t\-Sp-¶Xpw A©mw `mK-¯n ]cm-aÀinB[p-\n-I IhnX
26
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
¡p-¶p. adnbw tbip-hnsâ Imep-I-fn sI«n-]n-Sn¨p Ic-ªp. blq-Zm-Nm-c-{]-Imcw BXntY-b-\mb ina-tbm³ tbip-hnsâ ]mZ§Ä IgpIn aqÀ[m-hn Npw_n¨p thW-am-bn-cp¶p
kzmKXw sN¿m³. F¶m Gsg-«p-Im-insâ D·m-Z-¯Å
- -em ina-tbm³ AXp sNbvXn-Ã.
F¦n-se´v? ]Ým-Xm-]-¯m If-¦-c-ln-X-bmb adnbw Ah-fpsS I®p\ocp-sIm­v tbiphnsâ ]mZ-§Ä XgpIn Xe-ap-Sn-sIm­v XpS¨v Xpcp-Xpsc Npw_n-¨p. XpSÀ¶v IÀ¯m-hnsâ
aqÀ[m-hn kpKÔssXew A`n-tj-Nn¨v IrXmÀ°-bm-bn. Cu cwKw I­v iotam³ Cfn-`y\mbn \nÂt¡ tbip sh¬N-{µn-Ibv¡v \ndw-Iq-«p-amdv H¶p ]p©n-cn-¡pI am{Xw sNbvXp.
""C¶p \XmwKn \n³h{àw ]hn-{X-ambv
C¶p \n³ Npw_\w Øm\-¯mbn''
F¶mWv Ihn adn-bt¯mSp ]d-bp-¶-Xv. ChnsS adn-b¯nsâ {]hr¯nsb Iwk Krl¯nse sskc-{Ôn-bmb Ip_vP {ioIrjvW `K-hms\ kpK-Ô-te-]\w sNbvXv At±-l¯nsâ ]ca t{]a-¯n\p ]m{X-ambn XoÀ¶ lnµp ]pcmW IY-tbmSv D]-an-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
""X³K-f-¯n-¦Â \n¶p-ZvK-X-ambv ]ns¶
¤ZvKZw ]qs­mcp hoWm-Km\w
\mY Xhm-Ú-IÄ tI«p-\-S-¡msX
\m\m-]-cm-[-§Ä sNbvXp-t]mbv Rm³
imk-Xn-bm-hm-tbms\ kÀhw £an-¨p-X³
Zmknsb Xr¡m¡ \nÀ¯-Wta!
ap«p-hn³ hmXn Xpd¡p sa¶-§p¶p
]«m-§a
- mbvs¨m¶-tXmÀ¯p-sImt­
Xmh-Im-\p-{K-l-Zzm-c-¯n ap«pao
¸mh-¨n-t\-Ip-In-§pÄ{]-thiw''
F¶p ]dªv AhÄ Xsâ thZ\IÄ I®otcmsS tbip-hnsâ Im¡ kaÀ¸n-¡p-¶p.
B I®o-cp-I­v tbip-hnsâ lrZ-b-¯n A\p-I-¼-bp-­m-Ip-¶p.
""sN¿-cp-Xm-¯Xp sNbvXhsf-¦n-epþ
aos¿-s¶-¯-sÅmsà X¼p-cms\
Xn¿n-s\-t¸mepw XWp-¸n-¡p-an-s¸m³Xrþ
I¿n-\m XoÀ¶-h-ftÃm Rm\pw''
ZpjvS]
- c
- p-´nsâ hmbn-eI
- s
- ¸« Ai-cW
- b
- mb {]mhmWv Xm³ F¶pw ]cp-´nsâ hmbnÂ\n¶v
c£-s¸-Sp¯n tbip-tZ-h\
- m-Ip¶ Iq«n Xs¶ AW-bv¡W
- s
- a¶pahÄ tIgp-¶p. AhfpsS
{]mÀ°\ ]qam-e-t]mse tbip-tZ-hsâ Igp-¯n NmÀ¯-s¸-Sp-¶p. \mbn-I-bpsS ]m]-im´n-bnepw hyàn-em-`-¯nepw {]Ir-Xn-t]mepw kt´m-jn-¡p-¶-Xmbn kµÀt`m-Nn-X-amb
hÀW-\-IÄ sIm­v Ihn shfn-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
""s]mbvs¡mÄI s]¬Ip-tª,
ZpxJw shSnªp \o:
bpÄs¡m­ hnizmkw Im¯p-\ns¶
A¸t¸mÄ ]mXIw sNbvX-Xn-s¶m-s¡-bpþ
an¸-Ým-Xm-]ta {]mb-Ýn¯w!''
]m]-s¯-¡p-dn¨v lrZ-b-]qÀÆw ZpxJn-¡p-I. Ahsb PKÂ {kjvSm-hn-t\mSv Gäp ]d-bp-I.
taen ]m]w sN¿m-Xn-cn-¡m³ A´-xI-c-W-¯nsâ t{]c-Wm-i-ànsb AaÀ¯n-I-f-bpI
F¶n-{Xbpw sIm­p ]m] im´n {]m]n-¡m-sa-¶pÅ thZ-XXzw ChnsS kqNn-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn¡p-¶p. adn-b¯
- nsâ BßmÀ° `àn-bn Xr]vX\
- m-sb¶p am{X-aà Fhn-sS-sbÃmw kphntijw {]kw-Kn-¡p-¶pthm Ahn-sS-sbÃmw adn-¯nsâ IYbpw {]kw-Kn-¡s
- ]-Sp-sa¶p ]dªv
B[p-\n-I IhnX
27
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Ahsf A\p-{K-ln-¡p-Ibpw A\p-X-]n-¡p¶ ]m]n¡v tamN\w \ÂI-s]-Sp-sa¶ ]mTw aäp-Å-hsc ]Tn-¸n-¡m-\mbn Ahsf kam-[m-\n-¸n¨v Ab-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZh-¯nÂ
AN-©-ea
- mbn hniz-kn-¡p¶ Ghtcbpw Cuiz-c³ c£n-¡p-sa¶v "aKvZ-e\
- a
- -dnbw' km£ys¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
taÂ{]-kvXm-hn-¡-s¸« Imhy-k-µÀ`-§fpw Ah-bv¡-Sn-Øm-\-amb ss__nÄ hN\-§fpw ]cn-tim-[n-¨m hnizm-k¯
- nÂ\n¶pw ]mc-¼c
- y-¯nÂ\n¶pw Aev]wt]mepw hyXnN-en-¡msX kq£va-amb ss__nÄ ]T-\-¯n\p tij-amWv Ihn aKvZ-e\ adnbw cNn-¨sX¶v ImWp-hm³ Ignbpw Imthym-Nn-X-ambn Aev]mev]w Iq«n-tNÀ¡-ep-IÄ \S-¯n-bn-«ps­-¦n Xs¶ AXv ss__nÄ hnizm-k-¯n\v \nc-¡p¶ hn[-¯n am{X-am-Wv.
DÅqÀ
Bim³, hÅ-t¯mÄ F¶n-hs
- c-t]mse ]ucm-WnI Imhy kwkv¡m-c-¯n Imepd-¸n¨p \n¶p-sIm-­mWv DÅqcpw Imhy-c-N\ Bcw-`n-¡p-¶X
- v. sh¬aWn {]Øm-\-¯nsâ
A\-´-cm-h-Imin F¶ \ne-bn-epÅ Imhy-Po-hn-X-amWv hÅ-t¯mÄ Bcw-`n-¨sX¦nepw
tIcf hÀ½ {]Øm-\-¯nsâ ]n³Xp-SÀ¨m-h-Imin F¶ \nebv¡v Ih-\-ssien cq]-s¸Sp¯nb BfmWv DÅqÀ kwkvIrX ]Z-{]-tbm-K-¯n-epÅ hnti-j-{]-Xn-]¯n, {]mk-¯nepÅ \njvIÀj, Ae-¦mc Iev]-\-I-fnse Bthiw F¶o tIc-f-hÀ½ {]Øm-\-¯nsâ
KpW-§Ä DÅq-cnepw \nd-ªp-\n-¶p. aqeym-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp PohnX k{¼-Zm-b-¯nÂ
hniz-kn-¡p-¶Xp sIm­p-Xs¶ DÅqÀ icn¡pw Hcp ¢mknknÌv Bbn-cp-¶p. BkvXn-Iyt_m-[a
- pÅ BZÀi-hm-Zn-bmb Hcm-sf¶v hnh-£. At±-l¯
- nsâ Imhym`n ho£-Ww-t]mepw
¢mknIv Imhy kwkvIm-c-P-\y-am-bn-cp-¶p.
sdmamân-knk-¯nsâ hnIm-c-]-c-Xtbm hyàn-]-c-Xtbm icn¡pw DÄs¡m-Åm³
DÅq-cnsâ Ihn-Xz-¯nt\m \ntbm-¢m-knIv kwkv¡m-c¯
- nt\m km[n-¨n-Ã. X\vaqew ssiYneyamÀ¶ \ntbm-¢m-knIv ho£-Whpw sshIm-cnI iàn tNmÀ¶p-t]mb sdmamânIv {]h-WXbpw IqSn-¡eÀ¶ \nd-¸-IÀ¨ ]nSn-s]« Hcp Ihn-Xz-amWv DÅq-cnsâ JÞ-Im-hy-§-fnepw
ImWp-¶-Xv. kmt¦-XnI `mj-bn ]d-ªm sdmamânknk-s¯-t]mse tXm¶n-¸n-¡p¶
AtX-k-abw ¢mknIv {]h-W-X-I-fpsS ZpÀ_-e-amb A\p-I-c-W-ap-f-hm-¡p¶ kyqtUm
sdmamânIv IrXn-I-fm-bn«p amdn DÅq-cnsâ Imhy-§Ä.
DÅq-cnsâ IÀW-`q-j-Ww, ]nwK-f, `à-Zo-]nI F¶o JÞ-Im-hy-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n¨m Cu hkvXpX hyà-am-Ipw. B[p-\nI JÞ-Im-hy-¯nsâ apJ-Ñmb-IÄ {]kvXpX
JÞ-Im-hy-§-fn ImWmw. AtX kabw \ntbm-¢m-knIv k{¼-Zm-b-¯n-epÅ hÀW-\Ifpw Ae-¦m-c-I-ev]\
- I
- fpw Ah-bn th­p-thm-fa
- p-­p-Xm-\pw. Ihn-{X-b¯
- n Bimt\m
hÅ-t¯m-fnt\m DÅq-cn-\p-Å{X ]Z Ipt_-cXzw Ah-Im-is
- ]-Sm-\m-hn-Ã. ]Z-{]-tbm-K¯
- nsâ
Imcy-¯n ]Z-§Ä ]d-sIm­v Af¶v adn-¨n-«pÅ N¼q-Im-c³amcpsS kao-]-¯mWv DÅqcnsâ \nev]v. IqSmsX DXvt{]-j-Ifpw cq]-I-§fpw D]-a-Ifpw At±-l-¯nsâ Imhy-§-fnÂ
ImWmw.
]nwKf
]ucm-WnI IY-bn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯nb CXn-hr-¯-amWv ]nwK-f-bn-ep-Å-Xv. ]nwK-fsb
Ipdn-¨pÅ hr¯m´w `mK-hXw GIm-ZikvIÔw F«m-a-²ym-b-¯nepw `mcXw im´n-]Àh¯nse tam£-[À½m\p imk-\-¯nepw ImWp-¶p. AP-Kcw apX H³]Xv Kpcp-¡³amcnÂ\n¶v A`y-kn¨ Imcy-§Ä Ah-[qX {_mÒ-W³ b-Zp-hn\v D]-tZ-in-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶Xns\ {ioIr-jvW³ D²À¡p-th­n D²-cn-¡p¶ `mK-¯n-emWv `mK-hX¯n ]nwK-fb
- psS
IY-Im-Wp-¶X
- v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
28
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]nwK-f-sb¶ thiy-bn \n¶v sshcmKyw ]Tn-¨-sX-§s\ F¶p hyà-am-¡m³
th­n Ah-[q-X³ ]d-bp¶ IY-bm-Wn-Xv. GXm­v Ccp-]-¯n-c­v tÇmI-§-fn-embn cq]w
sImÅp¶ B IY-bpsS kmam-\y-cq]w. koXbv¡v P·w \ÂInb anYn-em-]p-c¯v ]­v
]nwK-f-sb¶ Hcp thiy Pohn-¨n-cp-¶p. tkzÑm-\p-km-cn-Wn-bm-bn-cp¶ AhÄ ]Xn-hp-t]mse
kpc-N-Xp-c\pw kpc-X\pw `qcn-X-\p-amb Hcp ]pcp-js\ GIm´ Øe-t¯¡v B\-bn-¡phm³ B{K-ln-¡p-¶-h-fm-bn, tamln-¸n-¡p¶ thj-`q-jm-[n-I-tfmsS ho«p-]-Sn-¡Â Im¯ncp-¶p. ]ecpw hgnsb t]msb-¦nepw Bcpw Ahsf kao-]n-¨n-Ã. \ncm-i-tbmsS ho«n-\-It¯¡v t]mhpI ho­pw {]Xo-£t- bmsS ]Sn-¡-te¡v hcnI F¶n-§s\ AÀ[-cm-{Xn-hsc
[\m-ibpw hnj-bm-ibpw DbÀ¯nb A`n-em-j§
- Ä Ab-hn-d¡n AhÄ B ]Sn-¡Â Im¯ncp-¶p. F¶n«pw Hcp-¯\pw Ah-fpsS Acn-I¯v h¶n-Ã. Bim-`wKw sIm­v Ah-fpsS
apJw hmSn. sXm­-bn shÅ-an-Ãm-sX-bmbn Ah-fpsS a\Êv ZpxJ-\n-a-á-ambn XpSÀ¶v
Hcp-Xcw \nÀthZw Xs¶ Ah-fn-ep-­m-bn. XXv^-e-ambn ]ca sshcm-Ky-s¯-Xs¶ AhÄ
{]m]n-¨p. sshcm-Ky-¯m a\-ip²n h¶ AhÄ C§s\ Nn´n-¨p:-þ ""F{X hen-b-Xm-bncp¶p Fsâ-tamlw. Rm³ \nb-{´n-¡m-¯-Xp-sIm-­mWv A§s\ kw`-hn-¨-Xv. \nÊm-c\mb Hcph\nÂ\n¶v B{K-l-]qÀ¯n- Imw-£n¨ Rm³ Adn-hn-Ãm-¯-hÄ Xs¶. Fsâ
a\Êv Cuiz-c-\n tNÀ¡msX XpÑ-amb a\p-jy-cn tNÀ¡m³ B{K-ln-¨tÃm. IjvSw -Xs¶. kv{Xo kpJs¯ B-{K-ln¨v ZpxJn-¡p¶ ]pcp-j³ Hcn-¡epw tbmKy-\-Ã. Ah-t\mSpÅ tNÀ¨tbm ]c-a-\n-µyhpw AÀYm-i-tbmsS \S-¡p-¶-hsc B{K-ln-¨m ]Ww e`n¡ptam? Hcp-¡e
- p-an-Ã. tcmK-_m-[I
- f
- m ZpxJn-¡p-¶h
- t- \mSv tNcp-¶X
- p-sIm­v ZpxJ-an-ÃmsX
kpJw D­m-Iptam? C§-s\-bpÅ ]pcp-j-\nÂ\n-¶mWv Rm³ B{Kl ]qÀ¯n-tbbpw
kpJ-t¯bpw Imw£n-¨-Xv.''
""]c-]p-cpj kzoIm-cy-¯m In«p¶ ]WwsIm­v D]-Po-hn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse \nXyam-bn-«pÅ temI-¯n asäm-¶n-Ã. FÃm-hcpw shdp-¡p¶ Cu amÀ¤w Rm³ kzoI-cn-¨tÃm. CsX{X IjvSw. hnbÀ¸v, aq{Xw Xp¸Â aew apX-em-bh hnkÀÖn-¡p¶ Zzmc-§t- fmSp-Iq-Snb, Btem-Nn-¨m \nIr-jvS-sa¶p Icp-Xnb Cu ico-cs¯ at\m-l-c-sa¶p IcpXn
AtXm-Sp-IqSn can-¸m³ Rm\-ÃmsX aäm-sc-¦nepw {ian-¡p-tam? Cuiz-cs\ Cu ico-c-amIp¶ ho«nÂ{]-Xn-jvTn-¡msX Ipe-Sm-hr¯n kzoI-cn¨ Rm³ \nµy-Xs¶. ssNX-\y-aqÀ¯nbmb `K-hm³ Cu ico-c-¯n-en-sÃ-¦n Bsc-¦nepw Xncn-ªp-t\m--¡ptam? AXn-\m Cu
icocw `K-hm\v kaÀ¸n-¨p-sIm­v alm-e£van hnjvWp-hn-t\m-sS-¶-t]mse Rm\pw Fsâ
lrZ-bh
- m-kn-bmb ]c-am-ßm-hn-t\m-SvIqSn can-¡p-¶p-­v. Cu temI-¯nepw ]c-tem-I¯
- nepw
CXn-t\-¡mÄ henb Hcp `À¯m-hns\ In«ptam a\p-jyÀs¡Ãmw Dev]¯n \mi-§-fp-­v.
AXn-\m `mcysb `cn-¡m-\pÅ iàn ]c-am-ßm-hn\v am{Xta DÅq. B Cuiz-c³ F¶nÂ
{]km-Zn¨p F¶v XoÀ¨. AÃm¯ ]£w tam£-km-[-I-amb sshcmKyw F\n¡v D­m-hnÃ-tÃm. GXm-bmepw `K-hm³ I\nªp \ÂInb Cu sshcm-Kys¯ BZ-c-thmsS kzoIcn¨v Zpcm-i-I-sfÃmw Zqsc Ifªv B ]c-am-ßm-hns\ Rm³ icWw {]m]n-¡p-I-bmWv.
In«p-¶X
- p-sIm­v kt´m-jn-¡p-Ibpw Pohn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXv kpJ-Øm\w ]c-am-ßm-sh¶v
ZrV-am-bp-d¨v Rm³ ]c-am-ßm-hns\ icWw {]m]n-¡pw. Fs´-¶m kwkm-ca
- m-Ip¶ s]m«¡nWän hoWv hnj-bm-i-I-fm-Ip¶ s]mSn-aqew a\-km-Ip¶ I®nsâ ImgvN \in-¨v,
Ime kÀ¸-¯m Zwin-¡-s¸«p hnj-an-¡p¶ Cu hnhcw sI«hsf aämÀ¡mWv c£n-¡phm³ Ign-bp-I, F¶n-§s\ Btem-Nn-¨p-d¨ tijw ]pcpj kam-K-ta-Ñ-aq-e-ap-­mb ZpjvSmisb a\-ÊnÂ\n¶v \ntÈjw XpS¨p \o¡n im´nsb {]m]n¨v AhÄ InS-¡-bn sN¶p
InS-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
29
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
IYm-kw-kv¡-c-Whpw Imhy-`w-Knbpw
A´-xk-¯bv¡p tIm«w X«m-¯-hn-[-¯n aqe-I-Ysb kwkv¡-cn¨v Bhn-jv¡-cn¡m³ ]nwK-fb
- n DÅqÀ a\-Ên-cp-¯n-bn-«p-­.v F¦nepw hni-Zmw-i§
- f
- psS Nn{Xo-Ic
- W
- ¯
- nÂ
aqe-I-Y-bnÂ\n¶pw `n¶-ambn ]eXpw ]nwK-f-bn ImWm³ Ign-bpw. `mK-hX IY-bnÂ
\n¶p `n¶-ambn k\m-X\ [Àt½mXvt_m-[-\hpw IqSn Ihn ChnsS e£y-am-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶p-.
`mK-hX IY-bn hgn-t]m-¡sc ISm-£-sa-dnªv ]nSn-¡m-s\m-cp§n ]Sn-¸p-c-hm-Xn-encn-¡p¶ thiy-bmWv ]nwK-f. AXn-\m Hc-`n-km-cn-I-bpsS ]IpXn kz`mhw ]nwKf {]I-Sn¸n-¡p-¶p-s­¶v ]d-bmw. DÅq-cnsâ ]nwKf thiy-bm-sW-¦nepw A`n-km-cn-I-bà þ KXn-ap«nb kµÀ`-¯nepw Imap-I-·msc Xnc¡n ]pd-s¸-Sm³ AhÄ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶n-Ã. AhÄ KWnI-bm-sW-¦nepw A`n-am-\nbpw k¼-¶bpw Iem-hn-Zym-hn-im-c-Zbpw ]cn-P\ kz`mh tkhn-Xbp-amWv. Ggp-\ne amfn-I-bnse apI-fn-es¯ apdn-bn-en-cp¶v cmP-ho-Yn-bn-te¡v t\m¡n-bn-cn¡pI am{X-amWhÄ sNbvX-Xv. `mK-h-X-¯nse ]nwK-f-bn-se-¶-t]mse hn¯m-ibpw hnjmb-ibpw DÅq-cnsâ ]nwK-f-bn ImWm-\m-Ip-sa-¦nepw AXp-aqew ]Sn-¸p-c-hm-Xn-enÂ\n¶v
]Yn-Isc t\m¡n Zpcm-i-IÄ Ab-hn-d-¡m³ AhÄ X¿m-dm-hp-¶n-Ã.
""GsX-®-bn-«mepw þ F{X-ta tX¨mepw
GXnepw sImÅm¯ ]mgvI-W-¡mbv
\mWn¨pw tJZn¨pw XqWn¡p `mc-ambn
KmWnIy t{iWn¡p Zpcy-i-Êmbv
Xm³ am{Xw Xm³ am{Xw Hä-¡p-hm-gvItbm
]q¬am-s\m-cm-sWt¶y `qXn-sbt¶y?''
DÅq-cnsâ ]nwKf thiym-hr-¯n-sIm­v Bh-iy-¯n-e-[nIw k¼¯p t\Sn-b-h-fm-Wv.
[\mÀ°n-tb-¡mÄ hnj-bmÀ°nbpw hmkvX-h-¯n Ah-fpsS ]Xn-hp-ImÀ hcm-¯X
- n-epÅ
A`n-am\ `wKhpw Ahsf IqSp-XÂ Akz-Ø-bm-¡p-¶p. t{Im[-t¯msS AhÄ ]d-bp-¶p.
""Bcn\n h¶m-ep-an-t§m«p tId­
Xoc-s«-sbm-t¶msS skmÃ-sb-¶mbv''
""F´m-bm-se-´n\n? A¡q-«-sc-t§mt]mbv
]­mcw hbv¡s« ]mX-In-IÄ''
F¶o ]nwK-f-h-N-\-§Ä ]nwK-f-bn s]s«¶p ho­p-hn-Nm-chpw ]m]-t_m-[hpw ]Ým-Xm]hpw D­m-b-Xmbn DÅqÀ ]d-bp-¶p.
`mK-h-X-¯n ]nwK-f-bpsS cq]-`mh hÀ®-\bv¡v henb {]k-àn-bn-Ã. F¶mÂ
tamln-¸n-¡p¶ thjm-`q-jm-ew-Ir-X-bmbn hnj-bm-ibpw hn¯m-ibpambn \n¡p¶ ]nwKf-bpsS cq]w hmb-\¡
- mÀ¡v a\-kn-em-Ipw. F¶m kqNy-cq-]-¯n `mK-h-X- IÀ¯mhv \S¯nb cq]`mh hÀW-\bv¡v hmNyhpw hmNm-e-hp-amb hymJym\w \ÂIm-\mWv DÅqÀ
]nwK-f-bn apXn-cp-¶-Xv.
A¸Sw \o§n-tb-Im-Wm-hp-t\-cne
±qÀ¸-I-amb X³ ZKv[-cq]w
Blm almÀl-am-a-¯¦ Iq«nsem
colm-ar-Km-MvK-\-bÃn hmgvhq
inev]`
- wKn
`mK-h-X-¯n 32 hcn-I-fn HXp¡n \nÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶ ]nwK-f-bpsS hN-\-§Ä¡v
DÅqÀ \ÂIp¶ Cu AÛp-X-I-c-amb hn]p-e\w ]¯p JÞ-§-fmbn 750 hcn-I-tfmfw
hym]n-¨p- \n¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
30
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
{]tZmj hÀW-\-tbm-sS-bmWv Imhym-cw`w
""D¯-c-ssa-Yn-e hoYn-bn-ep-s­mcp
]¯-ca
- m-säm-fn-X-¦-sa-¿mÄ''
F¶p XpS§n 12 hcn-IÄ sIm­v Ah-fpsS amZ-I-ku-µcyw H¶n-e-[nIw Ae-¦mc Iev]-\I-fn-eqsS Ihn hyà-am-¡p-¶p. XpSÀ¶pÅ A©p JÞ-§fpw hÀW\m ]qÀW-am-Wv.
""Xs¶-¯m³ RmsWm-en-bn-«nSpw Km\-¯mÂ
Xs¶-¯m³ Zpáamw \À¯-\-¯mÂ
Xs¶-¯m³ As¼¿p tamtcmtcm eoe-bmÂ
A¶-ÃmÀ hnsÃm¶pw thd-Xs¶''
F¶p ]dªv Ah-fpsS A]qÀh-ku-µcyw hyà-am-¡p¶ DÅqÀ
B \oe-¡m-sdmfn ¸qh-Wn-Iq-´Âs¡
«m\nXy _Ôp-c-am-ky-_nw_w
F¶m-cw-`n-¡p¶ 16 hcn-I-fn-embn ]nwK-f-bpsS Xe-apSnsI«p apXÂ H¶pw hnSmsX hÀWn¡p-¶p. kyqtUm ¢mkn-¡Â Ihn-If
- psS ]mZ-tIi hÀW-\bv¡v Xpey-amb hÀW-\b
- m-Wn-Xv.
11 mw JÞ-¯nse Nn{X ]uÀW-ansb Ipdn-¨pÅ hÀ®\ {it²bwXs¶ asämcp
]nwK-f-sb¶v tXm¶-¯-¡-hn[w ]uÀW-an-bpsS hiy kuµcyw Ae-¦mc Iev]-\-IÄ hgn
Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡m³ DÅq-cn\v Ign-ªp. am{X-aà ]nwK-f-bnse hnj-bm-isb D±o-]n-¸n-¡phm³ D]-I-cn-¡p¶ Hcp hn`m-h-sa¶ a«nepw B Nn{X-]uÀWn-an-¡pÅ Øm\w Ah-K-Wn¡m-hp-¶-XÃ
- .
]¯p-\m-gn-I -cm-sN-Ãp-¶-Xp-hsc Imap-I³amsc¡m¯v ]nwK-f-bm-bn-cp-¶n«pw Ah-cnsem-cp-h³t]mepw h¶p ImWm¯Xne-hÄ¡v BZyw AÛp-X-ap-­m-Ip-¶p. F¦n-ep-a-hÄ
{]Xo£ ssIsh-Sn-bp-¶nÃ. b{´-\q¸m-h-I-fmbn ssI¡n-fn-I-fmb Xsâ Imap-IÀ hcm-Xncn-¡n-sö {]Xymi. ]s£ Bcpw hcm-¯-tXmÀ¯-t¸mÄ Ah-fpsS A`n-am\w hn§n
thZ-\n-¡p-¶p.
""bman\n ku`mKy imen\n
]obqj [mamhmw t{]b-t\m-sSm¯p
hmgp¶ B kµÀ`-¯nÂ
Xm³ am{Xw þ Xm³ am{Xw Hä¡p hmgvItbm''
F¶n-§s\ AhÄ Nn´n¨p t]mIp-¶p. ]nwK-f-bn Ah-ti-jn-¡p¶ {]Xym-i-bpsS IncW-§Ä F¶-t]mse Ah-fn \n¶p-b-cp¶ tNmZy-§fpw Ahbv¡v tXmgn \ÂIp¶ adp]-Snbpw XnI¨pw kzm`n-hI
- X
- -tbmsS Ah-Xc
- n-¸n-¡p¶p. kw`m-j-Wm-hk
- m-\-¯n Cuh®
HmXtà ssZhs¯ HmÀ¡tW F¶n-§s\ tXmgn-sb-sIm­p ]d-bn-¸n-¨X
- nepw AXp ]n¶oSv
]nwK-f-bv¡p-­m-Ip¶ \nÀ-th-Z-¯n\pw D±o-]\ `mh-ambn ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶-Xn-\m DÅq-À
Aev]w {Im´-ZÀinXzw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶X
- m-bn-«mWv tXm¶p-I. AXp-t]mse ]Ým-¯m-]¯
- nsâ
kzm`m-Xn-Ia-- mb I®p-\oÀXpÅn Ahfn Db-cp¶ L«-¯n t]Sn-bpsS hm¡v AhÄ
HmÀ¡p-¶-Xmbn ]d-ª-Xnepw XpSÀ¶v
""Imc-W-km-a{Kn ]pjvI-e-am-bn«pw
Imcy-¯n-\-¦pcw''
ImWm-¯-Xnsâ t]cn Cuiz-c-Nn´ Ah-fn-ep-­mbn hcp-¶-Xmbn Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨-Xnepw
th­{X HuNn-Xy-t_m[w DÅqÀ {]I-Sn-¸n-¨n-«p-­v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
31
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
bqWnäv þ 2
hnem-]-Im-hy -{]-Øm\w
JÞ-Im-hy-im-J-bn Xs¶ DÄs¸-Sp-¶p hnem-]-Im-hy-§sf F¦nepw CsXmcp
{]tXyI Imhy-im-J-bmbn FSp¯p ]d-bp-¶p. hnNm-c-{]-[m-\hpw hnIm-c-{]-[m-\hpw BWv
hnem-]I
- m-hyw. hmNymÀ°-¯n Ic-bp¶ Ic-bn-¡p¶ ZpO-J]
- qÀ®-amb at\m-hn-Im-c§
- Ä
Xpd-¶p-Im-Wn-¡p¶ IhnXm {]Øm-\a
- m-Wn-Xv. Pohn-X¯
- nsâ auen-I`- m-h-t¯bpw hnImk
]cn-Wm-a§
- t- fbpw ZmÀi-\nI ]Ým-¯e
- ¯
- n A]-{K-Yn-¡pI hnem] Imhy-¯nsâ s]mXp
kz`m-h-a-t{X. "hyàn-]-chpw hnIm-c-]-c-X-tb-¡mÄ Nn´m-]-cX ap¶n«p \n¡p-¶-Xp-amb
`mh-KoXw F¶mWv ]mÝmXy kmln-Xy-Nn-´-IÄ `mh-Ko-Xs¯ \nÀh-Nn-¡p-¶-Xv. Hcp
hyàn-bpsS ac-W-¯n A\p-tim-Nnt¨m Pohn-X-¯nsâ Zpc´ `mhs¯ A\p-[ym-\nt¨m
Fgp-Xp¶hbmWv Ch. hnem]w F¶À°-apÅ elegia F¶ {Ko¡p ]Z-¯nÂ\n-¶mWv
Elegy F¶ ]Zw D­m-bXv. Fen-Pn-bpsS DÛhw {Kokn-em-Wv. ih-kw-kvImc NS-§p-I-fnÂ
]mSn-bn-cp¶ ZpxJ-kq-N-I-§-fmb eLp Ihn-X-I-fmWv hnem] Imhy-§fpsS BZy-cq]w.
_n.-kn.-aq¶mw iX-I-¯n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ Xntbm-{Inävkv F¶ {Ko¡p Ihnsb Cu {]Øm\-¯nsâ D]-Úm-Xm-hmbn Icp-Xp-¶p. B«n-S-b³am-cpsS PohnXw ]Ým-¯-e-am-¡n-bmWv
Xntbm {Inäkv C¯cw Ihn-X-IÄ BZyw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. kvs]³kÀ Fgp-Xnb "Um^v
s\bvtUm' (1751) BWv Cw¥ojv kmln-Xy-¯nse BZys¯ hnem-]-Imhyw. an«sâ
knkn-Ukv (1638) sjÃn-bpsS AsUm-sWbvkv (1821) sS\n-ksâ C³sa-t½m-dnbw (1850)
tXmakv t{KbpsS {KmaoW ivaim\w (1751) F¶n-h-bmWv Cw¥ojv kmln-Xy-¯nse
DÂIrjvS hnem] Imhy-§Ä. Ihn-X-bpsS Nn´m {][m-\-amb a\-Ên\v {]mamWyw sImSp¡p¶ hnem-]-Imhyw Bß-\njvT hn`m-K-¯nÂs]Sp-¶p. Pohn-X-¯nsâ AKm[ Xe-§Ä
kv]Àin-¡p¶ Cu IrXn-IÄ Ic-bp¶Xnt\-¡m-tf-sd, Ic-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡m-tfsd Nn´n-¸n¡p-¶p. P\n¨ GsXm-¶n\pw acWw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. acWw ZpxJ-¯n\p Imc-W-am-Ip-¶p.
B ZpxJ-amWv hnem-]I
- m-hy-¯nsâ B´-cn-I`- m-hw. Pohn-Xm-\p-`h
- §
- Ä A]-{K-Yn-¡p-t¼mÄ
e`n-¡p¶ ZÀi-\-amWv hnem] Imhy-¯nsâ DÄ¡-cp-¯v. Cu ZÀi-\w Imhym-ßm-hp-ambn
H¯n-W§n \nev¡p-Ibpw thWw. hnem-]I
- m-hy-§f
- n Bhn-j¡
v c
- n-¡p¶ hnImcw Xo{hamb
B´-cnI kwLÀj-§-fpsS ^e-am-bp-­m-Ip-¶-Xm-Wv. {]ta-bw, Bhn-jv¡-cWw F¶n-hbn-epÅ GI-kz-`mhw hnem] Imhy-§Ä Htc hn[-apÅ Imhy-inÂ]-§-fm-¡p-¶p. ZpxJ¯n \n¶pÅ tamN-\-¯n-\mbn thZm´ XXz-§sf Ihn B{i-bn-¡pI km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
timIm-Ip-e-amb Xsâ a\-Ên Xn§n hn§n \n¡p¶ hnIm-c-§Ä _lnÀK-an¨p Ignªm Ihn a\-Ên Dudn sXfnªp hcp¶ kzØX hnem-]-Im-hy-¯nsâ BXy-´nI
^e-am-Wv. hyàn Pohn-X¯
- nse thZ-\-§Ä kmam-\y-h¡-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv hnem] Imhy§Ä lrZb {Zho-I-cW £a-§-fm-Ip-¶Xv. hyàn-bpsS Xo{hZp:Jk-a-jvSn-bn-te¡v kw{Ian-¸n-¡p¶ {]{In-b-bm-Wn-Xv. hnIm-c-]-c-amb Ihn lrZ-b-hp-ambn A\p-hm-N-IÀ X·bo-`-hn¡p¶ Ah-Ø-bnte Cu {]{Inb ]qÀ®-am-Ip-I-bp-Åq. aI-fpsS ac-W-¯n a\-ap-cpIn
kn. Fkv kp{_-ÒWy³ t]män Fgp-Xnb Hcp hnem]w (1902) ae-bm-f-¯nse BZys¯
hnem-]-Im-hy-am-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
32
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
I®p-\oÀXpÅn
\me-¸m«v \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m³ Fgp-Xnb DÖe hnem] Imhy-amWv "I®p-\oÀXpÅn'. {ioam³ \me-¸m«p \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m\pw ]tc-X-bmb {ioaXn Imfn]pd-b¯p am[-hnb-½bpw X½n-epÅ ku`m-Ky-a[
- p-ca
- mb PohnXw Hcp-\mÄ \jvSs
- ¸-Sp-t¼mÄ Ignªpt]mb
Pohn-X-¯nsâ a[p-c-amb HmÀ½-IÄ XXz-Nn-´m-]-c-ambn tcJ-s]-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv I®p\oÀXpÅn.
{]nbXa-bpsS ar-Xyp-hn-ep-­mb ZpxJ-aqÀ¨-bnÂ\n¶v GXm­p apà-\mb Ihn,
Xsâ Pohn-X-s¯-¯s¶ XIÀ¯p-I-f-ª-Xmbn tXm¶nb B kw`-hs¯ ap³\nÀ¯nsIm­v {]]-©s¯ ]co-£Ww sN¿p-¶p.
""Rm\n§p Nn´m-i-I-e-§Ä I®pþ
\ocn¸nSn-s¨mcp tIm«-sI«n
ASn-¨p-S-¨m sRmSn-sIm-­-Xmtcm
{]]-©ta \n¿n-Xp-X-s¶-sb-¶pw.''
C§v; Cu \iz-c-amb temI-¯n Nn´m-i-I-e-§Ä I®p-\o-cn ]nSn-¸n¨v \ncm-i Ahkm-\n-¡p¶ hnjm-Zm-ßm-I-amb Btem-N-\-Isf CS-bv¡nsS BhÀ¯n¨v Hcp Nn´, DS³
I®p-\oÀ ho­pw Nn´ F¶ {Ia-¯n Xsâ thZ-\-Isf Ihn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Imäp IS¡-c-bnse aWÂ]-c-¸ns\ ASn-¨p-Iq«n DS³ X«n ]c-¯p-¶-Xn shdpw
krjvSn-kw-lm-c§
- f
- Ã
- msX asäm-cp-t±-ihpw \mw ImWp-¶n-Ãt- Ãm. AXp-t]msebmWv Cuizc³ a\p-jy-_-Ô-§-sfbpw IW-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. Xsâ kzØ-am-bn-cp¶ a\-Ên A\p-cmKw
hfÀ¯n DSs\ timIm-ÔX tNÀ¯-Xns\ Ihn A\p-Ic
- n-¡p-¶p. temI-¯nsâ Cu \nXyhn-hÀ¯-\ KXn.
""F³{]m-W-\n-izm-k-sa-Sp-¯p-thWw
]mÂ]pÂI-fn sIm¨p Rc¼p XoÀ¸m³
Bhs« þ F´n\p XfnÀ¯p \nev¡pþ
ah-äsb Np«p-I-cn-¨n-Sp-¶p.''
C\n H¶p Nobp-¶Xv asäm-¶n\p hf-am-sW-¦n Ccn-bv¡s«; AXnÂXs¶ \in¸n¡s¸Sp-¶Xv HcmfpsS {]mW-{]n-b-h-kvXphpw AXp-sIm­v \nI-¯-s¸-Sp-¶Xv Hcp ]mgv]p-Ãnsâ
sIm¨p Rc-¼p-am-hmw; GXv \nÊm-c-kp-Jhpw XnI¨pw ssIh-cm³ \ap¡v {]mW-XymKw
sNt¿-­n-hcpw CXn Kpcp eLp-Xz-Nn-´-sbm-¶p-an-Ã. F¶m-sW-¦nÂ, AXpw Ccn-¡-s«.
AtXm Hcp-¯sâ CjvS-hkvXp \in-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶Xv Ahsâ Xs¶ KpW-¯n\mbncn¡ptam A¶¶v CjvS-\m-i-¯m Pohn-IÄ AXy´w ZpxJn-¡p-¶-XnÂ\n¶v
AhÀ¡v Bßo-b-amb DXv¡Àjw hÃXpw e`n-¡p-¶pt­m Ft´m Adn-bn-Ã. F¦nepw
Xsâ ihw Nhn«n tZln, PU-amb tZls¯ AXn-{I-an¨p t]mh-em-WtÃm ac-Ww.
""Zn\u-L-N{Iw Ib-dn-¨-hp-«n¨n
Öo-hn-X-¡m-b-en-\³ {Ia-¯mÂ
hän-¸-sXt´m hne-Iq-Sp-sam¶p
hnX¨p sImbvtXäp-h-Xn-¶p-Xmt\m?''
{]]-©K
- X
- n-bpsS ]ca ^e-¯n-te¡p IpXn¨ Xsâ ZpÀ_e Nn´sb Ihn ]n³Xn-cn-¡p-¶p.
""A\-´-a-Úm-X, ahÀ®-\o-bþ
aotemI tKmfw Xncn-bp¶ amÀ¤w
AXn-¦se§ms­m-cn-S¯
- n-cp¶p
t\m¡p¶ aÀ¯y³ IY-sb´p I­p?''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
33
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
F¦nepw Ihn arXypXtama-b-amb Cu {]]-©-¯n\p Hcp arXm-h-Ø-bp-s­¶p hniz-kn¡p-Ibpw B `mhn-bpsS hnZq-c-X-tbmÀ¯v hnjm-Zn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
`qKÀ`-¯n-epÅ Icn-]-c-¸ns\ apIÄ `mKs¯ AaÀ¨-sIm­v sshc-¡-Ãp-I-fmbn
amäp-Ibpw \nim-ap-J-¯nse CcpÄ]-c-¸nÂ\n¶p \£-{X-§sf sXfn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶
alXzw arXyp-hn \n¶v AaÀ¯y-Xzs¯ D­m-¡p-am-bn-cn¡pw; ]t£ AXn\v F¶v F{Xsb{X Imew Cu arXyp-hns\ A\p-`-hn¨p sIm­n-cn-¡-Ww.
Cu Zriy-amb kmam\y {]]-©¯
- nsâ Hcp kw£n]vX cq]w- Xs¶ Ihn hnh-cn-b¡
v p¶p. Nn§-am-k¯
- nse sXfnª Znh-k§
- f
- n-sem-¶n-emWv B A\njvS kw`-ha
- p-­m-bX
- v.
""X]n¨p \obpw, hn[n-sb³ Xe-bv¡nþ
«Sn¨ hÃm-¯Sn Im¬I-aqew
F¶m-en-Xn-t¸m-gp-ap-S-ªn-SmsX
\nev]p­n-Xm, ZpxJ-`mcw Npa-¸m³!''
a[ym-Ó-¯n-emWv ac-W-ap-­m-bX
- v. Cu Akly ZpxJw Poh-\m-is¯ hcp-¯n-bn-sÃ-¦nepw
Pohn-X-¯n\v Du¶p-I-fmb XtâSw, ss[cyw, hnthIw F¶n-h-sbÃmw XIÀ¯p. Ihnsb
Poh-Ñh-am¡n amän. AXn Aev]-sam-cm-izm-k-ap-­m-¡p¶ kl-Xm]w t]mepw X\n¡v
e`n-¨n-Ã. AXmXp tPmen-¯n-c-¡v. Ah-c-hÀ¡pÅ AXXp ZpxJ-§sf kl-n¡m³ {ian-¡pIbpw ian-¸n-¡m³ t\m¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A§s\ C\n temI-¯n \n¶p bmsXmcp
kpJhpw {]Xo-£n-¡m-\nà F¶m-b-t¸mÄ Ihn ZpxJ-§-fn \nÀ`-b-\m-Ip-¶p. kpJ iq\yam-bn-¯oÀ¶ {]m]-©n-I-XXzw. B hn[w {]]-©-¯nsâ A´-Êmc iq\yX t_m[y-s¸-«tXmSp IqSn AXp-am-bpÅ _Ôw Adp¯p If-tª-¡m-sa¶v tXm¶n. ZpxJm-\p-`-h-¯mÂ
ITn-\-amb lrZbw AXn-¶-\p-Iq-e-am-bn. F¶n-cn-¡-nepw, Btcm XXv¡mew hn«p \n¡p¶-sX-¦nepw AI¶p t]mbn-«n-Ãm¯ hnthIwXs¶ Ihnsb B kml-k-¯n \n¶p XSªp-\nÀ¯n. s]-«¶v Bfn-¡¯
- n-¸S- À¶ B ZpxJw {ItaW im´-ambn ZoÀL-Im-et- ¯¡p
\odn-In-Sv¡p-¶-Xns\ hnh-cn-¡p-¶p.
""Ign-ªp, I{a ZyqXn ]q­ P³aþ
{]`m-X-sa³ I®n-ep-cp-­p-sI«p!
X«n-X-IÀ¶p sXfn-Nm-b-an«p
\nÀ½n-¨Xmw \hy at\m-c-Yta''
hmkvX-h-amb P·m-cw`w hnhm-l-¯n \n¶m-sW¶`n{]m-bw. {]`m-Xw, AXnsâ ZoÀLamb Ah-Øm-´-c-§sf {]m]n-¡msX s]s«¶p sI«p-t]mbn cm{Xn-bm-bn. ]ns¶ Ihn¡v
X\n-¡p-Npäpw Fcn-s]mcn sImÅn-¡p¶ acW Nn´-bp-­m-hp-¶p. Npäp-]mSpw Kpl ]nfÀ¸;
`qX-Imew k¶n-ln-Xs\ DÄh-en-bv¡p-hm³ hmbv]n-fÀ¯n-b-Xp-t]mse tXm¶-s¸-Sp¶
iq\yX, GI³; At§m«pw Ct§m«pw kvt\ln-¡p-hm³ Bcp-an-Ãm-Xm-b-h³ B `mcybpw
CXp-t]mse s]«-¶p-Xs¶ acn¨p t]mIp-atÃm F¶p Xs¶ \ncm-i tXm¶n-bv¡p-¶p. ]n¶n«pÅ hcn-I-fn Ihn-bpsS Cu \iz-cX Nn´ imiz-X-¯n-tebv¡p Xs¶ hym]n-¡p-¶p.
""{_mÒm-Þta \n¶psS ssIbn-ep-Åþ
sXÃm-ao-h®w hne-sI-«-XmtWm?
F\n¡p sshIp-WvT-kpJw hfÀ¯þ
±nhy-Xzhpw h³a-dn-am-b-amtbm?
Bh-s«, bmhs« sb\n¡p \nXymþ
\nXy-§-sf-s´-¶-dn-tb-­-XnÃ
Ipd-¨n-S-bvs¡-¦nep an§p ssIh
¶tÃm {]tam-ssZI ckw- ]q-aÀ°w''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
34
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
F´p IrXmÀ°X! hntbm-Kw -t]mepw Ak-ly-amb ZpxJ-am-bn-cp-¶p. B BÄ¡v ac-Wm-ßI-amb ZoÀL-hn-c-la
- mWv kl-t¡-­n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶p Ihn \ncm-iX
- sb ]nSn¨p ]q«p-¶p.
hen-bv¡mw hn[n hn{]-tbm-Kmþ
ZypZ{K ZpxJ-§-fn-en«p ho­pw
IrXmÀ°co R§-f-tij P³-amþ
´c-¯nepw Z¼-Xn-amÀ a\-ÊmÂ
]p\ÀP·-¯n-te¡p \o«nb t\À¯ Bibpw \njv^-ea
- m-sW¶p Ihn¡v t_m[y-s¸-Sp-¶p.
s]mXnª sh¬¸m-SI
- Ä \o¡n hm\w ho­pw sXfnbpw. apJw Idp-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ [cn-{Xnbpw
ap³a«v apKv²-kvanX [mc-Xq-Ipw. ]t£ {]mtW-izcnt¡ä AIme arXyp- ho-£n¨ I®p-\oÀ
C\n F¶mWp \o§p-I. {_Ò-Ú-cmb ]Þn-XÀ Cu IpkrXn \nÊm-c-sa¶p sNmÃp-am-bncn-¡mw. F¶m Ct§m«p kvt\ln-¡p¶ Hcm-fp-s­-¦n Cu temIw hne-bp-Å-Xp- Xs¶.
temIs¯ hne-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ B H¶n-Ãm-Xm-bm ]ns¶ asä-´p-Xs¶ D­m-bmepw AbmfpsS I®n \n¶v CcpÄ \o§p¶ Ime-anÃ. C\n-sbmcp P·-ap-­m-bm R§Ä c­mfpw
Hcp ]s£ H¯p IqSmw. F¶m CtX \ne-bv¡p-sÅmcp ku`mKyw ho­pw Na-bv¡m³
hn[n¡v iàn-bp-­m-hp-tam? Ime-s¯ -sIm­p ho­pw B icocw krjvSn¨p Xcp-hm³
BhnsÃ-¶n-cnt¡ ]p\ÀP·hpw ]p\x-kt- ½-f\
- hpw D­mIpw F¶p-ÅXv Bizm-k-s¯-bÃ,
t\sc adn¨v ZpxJm-[n-Iy-s¯-bmWv D­m-¡p-¶X
- v. kuµ-cym-IÀj-IX
- z-§tfmSp IqSnb asämcp
icocw Fsâ A´À{K-l-¯n Hcp ]t£ C\nbpw {]Wbw \nd-bv¡mw. AXn-{X-t¯mfw
hcptam? Cuiz-c\v kI-ehpw Htc-hn[w kvt\l kzcq-]-amWv. Ahn-Sp-¶p-t­m, ]p\ÀP·¯nsâ B ku`m-Ky-hn-tijw Xnc-sª-Sp-¯p -X-cp-hm³ {i²n-¡p-¶p. AXn-\m X\n-¡ph¶ \jvSw Xocm-¯X
- m-sW¶v Ihn hnjmZw sImÅp-¶p. Fs´ms¡ XXz-Nn-´I
- Ä \nc-¯nbn«pw Ihn a\-Ên\v Bizmkw e`n-¡p-¶n-Ã. HSp-hn XXz-Úm-\s
- ¯-t¸mepw kzbw i]n¡p-¶p. lrZ-bt- h-Z-\-tbmsS {]]-©-s¯- Xs¶ ]än-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶p.
(1)
sXfnªp Rms\³ {]nb-]-Xv\n-bm-fnÂ
sXfnª Xq\³ aIÄ t\m¡n-t\m¡n;
Hmtcm¶p ans¸m³ sImSn-ta-en-Sn¯o
hogpw hn]-t¯m-Xp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
(2)
AtX hyYm Rm³ hne-]n¸p hnizm
´c-¯n-sebvt¡ aa `mcy tNcp;
shfn-¨-sat§m \ng-sem-¸-a-§pþ
s­¶-Ãtbm a¶nse \oXn-X¯zw!
(3)
AP-{k-am-]¡c ]mX-I-§þ
fmWn§p \nÀ¯pw Nc-sS-¶p-h-¶mÂ,
]d-ªp-t]m-bo-Sn\ Poh-\o \mw
{]mÀ°n-¡Ww imiz-X-aw-K-fs¯
(4)
lm kzm-KXzw XXz hnNm-c-ta-\n³
Np¡n-¨p-fn-ªpÅ Ic--§Ä ho­pw
XpS-bv¡p-I³ I®p-IÄ þ Poh-càw
NmSs« NnsÕuJyZ-\-Ã-tbm \o
B[p-\n-I IhnX
35
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
C§s\ apt¼m«pÅ KXn \jvSs
- ]« Ihn. Xsâ `qX-Im-es¯ Xncn-ªp-t\m¡n hne-]n-¡p-¶p.
]n¨-sh¨p \S-¡m³ XpS-§nb \mÄ apXÂ Hc-½b
- psS InSm-§s
- f-¶t- ]mse Ign-ªh-cmWv R§Ä. Bbncw Ip«n-IÄ Ah-cpsS CjvS¯
- n-s\m-¯p-If
- n¨p \S-¶t- ¸mÄ R§Ä¡v
kÀthm-Õhhpw hnf-ªXv R§Ä tNÀs¶m-¶n¡p¶ CS-¯p-am-{X-am-bn-cp-¶p.
""Htc-I-fn-¸m-«-samtc Ifn-¡p, þ
s¯mtc Ifn-s¡m-«n-semtc hnImcw;
HcmÄ¡p aämÄ XW þ Cu \ne-bv¡mþ
bncp¶p lm, sIm¨p InSm-§Ä R§Ä''
A§-s\-bpÅ R§Ä HmSn-¡-fn¨v hni¶v "At½ ]gw ]m Ahn-se¶p' sIm©n tNdp]p-c­ ssII-fm HmSn-b-W-bp-t¼mÄ Hcmsf aSn-bn-te-äm³ ssI\o«n asä-bmsf Ipdp¼p
]nSn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv R§-fpsS A½-am-cpsS hnt\m-Z-am-bn-cp-¶p. A{X eLp-hmb emf\ ]£]m-X-s¯ -t]mepw kln-¡m-¯-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. B ssii-h-¯nse sFIyw Iuamcw h¶-Wªp. hnth-c-Zo]vXw sImfp-¯nb a\-Ên H¶m-bn-cp¶ R§Ä c­mbn amdn. {]]-©-cwK-I-fn-bm ho­pw R§-fpsS lrZb§sfm-¶m-bn, R§Ä A\p-cm-Kn-I-fm-bn. {]mb-¯ns\m¸w apdp-Ip¶ temIm-Nmc ]mgvN-c-Sm c­n-S-§-fn amdn-\nÂt¡-­n-h¶ X§-fpsS
lrZbw thZ-\n-¨p. Xmcp-Wy-thKw ]q­v AhÄ hfÀ¶p ]q¯p. ]t£ F{X-h-fÀ¶mepw
\ocmhn ho­pw ag-bmbn IS-en-t\mSp tNcp-¶-Xp-t]mse AhÄ Ft¶mSp tNcm³ XpS§n. R§Ä hnhm-ln-X-cm-bn. a\p-jy-\-Xo-X-\mb iàn Xsâ A`o-jvS-kn-²n-bn-ep-­mb
BËm-Zs¯ Cu Xo{h-Zpx-J-¯n ]cy-h-km-\n-¸n¨p If-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\m B
AXo-X-i-àn-tbbpw hn[n-tbbpw Ihn Hcp -t]mse ]gn-¡p-¶p. B Znhy iàn Xsâ
CjvSw t\m¡msX {]hÀ¯n-¨p. `wKn XnIª Xsâ Zm¼Xyw amªp t]mIm³ NpSp-I®o-cm-se¶v Rm³ hrYm t]Sn¨p. B I®ocv sIm­v B `wKn XnIª `mKw icn-s¸«p
hcn-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. ]Xv\n-tbm-SpÅ Xsâ {]W-b-¯nsâ kqN-\-I-fmWv XpSÀ¶pÅ hcnIfnÂ. Ah-tfm-SpÅ {]Wbw \c-I-¯n t]mepw \mIw Na-bv¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶psh¶v hcnI-fn-eqsS DZm-l-cn-¡p-¶p.
DÄt¨À¶ cXv\-§-sf-Sp¯p t\m¡oþ
efp-¡nse _v`a-Kn-bn tamln-X³ Rm³
AsÃ-¦n aÀ¯y³ \ngÂsIm­p Xr]vX³
km£m-kz-cq-]s¯ \n\-bv¡-ept­m?
C-§s\ Cl-¯nepw ]c-¯nepw \S-¡p¶ At\Iw Imcy-§Ä Nq­n¡m«n Ihn Cuizcs\ hnNm-cW sN¿p-¶p tIhew \ng {]m-b-amb {]Xn-asb ]qPn-¨m t]mepw A\p-{Kl-¯nsâ ^e-amb X§-fpsS Zm¼-Xy-h-Ãcn ]q¯v k´m-\-e-_v[n-bn Zm¼-Xy-¯nse
sFIyw ]cn-]qÀ®-am-IbpÅq. B ]c-ssa-Iy-¯nsâ D¨-Øn-Xn- X-s¶-bmWv AXy´ hntbmKm-ßI
- -amb Cu At[m-KXn hcp-¯n-bs
- X¶pw Ihn ]d-bp¶p. hn[n-bpsS ap³]n I­p\n¡m-\-Ã-sX X-\n-s¡m-¶n\pw Ign-bn-Ã.
AIm-e-{]-k-h-¯n-emWv arXyp kw`-hn-¨Xv
""Cu aµ-`m-Ky-s¶mcp temI-ku-ayþ
Iev]-{Zp-a-¯-¿ns\ \«p-sh-¸m³
{]mW³ Ifªp aa kzmen; Rmt\m
]mgv]p-Ãp-an-Ãm¯ acp-Ø-e-¯m-bv.''
hnNm-c-§Ä¡v HXp-¡hpw ]cn-ip-²nbpw D­m-¡p-hm-\m-WtÃm Zm¼Xyw. B Zm¼Xyw
ssIhn-«p-t]mbtXmSp-IqSn Pohn-X-kpJw am{X-a-Ã, Zm¼Xy P\y-amb DXvIrjvS a\-xØnXn
IqSn s]mbvt]m-tb-¡ptam F¶p Ihn hnjm-Zn-¡p-¶p. ]c-kv]-cm-IÀj-W-t¯mSpIqSnb
B[p-\n-I IhnX
36
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
skuc{K-l-a-Þ-e-¯nse {Kl-§-fpsS \nc-´c k©m-c-¯n \n¶p-­m-¡p¶ eLp-Km\-¯nepw {]]-©-¯nsâ kvt\lm-ß-IXzw shfn-s]-«p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-¶p. {]]-©-¯nsâ
B kvt\-lm-ß-IXzw X\n¡v F§s\ A\p-`-h-s]«p F¶p ]d-bp-¶p:þ
\mZ-s¸m-cpÄ Nn¯n-s\-sbm-s¡-tb-Iþ
ko¡m-c-te-i¯
- n-semXp-¡n-sb-¶mÄ
Cs¶mä hoÀ¸m-e-Xns\¸c¯n
bmsXm-¶-Xn³ iàn Pbn-¨n-Sp-¶p.
]cn-]qÀ® kvt\lw A¶v {]]©w apgp-h³ B t{]a-`m-P-\-¯n-tebv¡p Npcp-§p-Ibpw þ
_mly-temIw A{i-²-am-hp-Ibpw C¶v B hyàn-bpsS A`m-h-¯n {]]©w apgp-h³
t{]a-`m-P-\-ambn hnI-kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A]qÀ®-Xbvt¡ Cu temI-¯n CS-ap-Åq.
F¦nepw ]¯p-am-ks¯ Zm¼Xyw sIm­v R§Ä¡v ]¯p P·¯nse PohnX
kuJyw `pPn-¡p-hm³ km[n-¨p. ]t£ B kt´m-j-¯nsâ _m¡n ]{X-amb k´m\hpw Ah-ti-jn-¨n-Ã. HSp-hn Xsâ hnem]w \nÀ¯m³ Ihn B{K-ln-¡p-¶p. ImcWw
acn-¨-h-cpsS ]c-temI KXn¡v I®p-\oÀ hnLm-X-ap-­m-¡p-sa-¶m-WtÃm hnizm-kw.
A\-´-an-¨n-´-\-sasâ I®oþ
cmän-s¶m-gp-t¡-äp-I-bmWp apäpwþ
\nev¡-s«, Rm³ ZpkvX-c-am-¡n-bmtem
Ft¶m-a-emÄ X³ ]c-tem-I-amÀ¤w
Ihn kzm\p-`-h-§Ä¡v sshNm-cn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb Bhn-jv¡-cWw \evIn,
Imhy cwK¯v \dp {]Xn` hnXdn apt¶m«p t]mIp¶ XXz Nn´m-]-c-amb Cu Imhy-¯nÂ
Pohn-X-¯nsâ ASn-sbm-gp-¡p-I-tfbpw aqey-§-tfbpw Imhy kpµ-c-ambn {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-¶p.
Pohn-X-¯nsâ kq£vamw-i-§-fn-te¡v Hcp thZm-´n-bpsS ]mc-¼-cy-kn-²-amb at\m-`m-ht¯msS \me¸mS³ IS-¶p- sN-Ãp-¶p. hn[n-bpsS ssII-fnse Ifn¸m-«§-fmWv a\p-jyÀ
F¶ \nK-a-\¯
- n-se¯p¶p At±-lw. \nev¡s« Rm³ ZpkvXc
- -am-¡n-bmtem Ft¶m-ae
- mÄ
X³ ]ctemI amÀKw F¶n-§s\ Ah-km-\n-¡p¶ I®p-\oÀXpÅn \me-¸m-Ssâ BkvXnIy-t_m[w shfn-hm-¡p-¶p. a\p-jys\ hn[n-bpsS ssII-fn Gev]n¨v \nÊlm-b-\mbn
\nev¡p¶ Ihn, a\p-jysâ Icp¯pw temI-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw a\-Ên-em-¡p-¶n-Ã. ap¼v `àn
{]Øm\w DbÀ¯n sI«nb \njv{In-b-X-bp-sSbpw AÔ-amb hn[n hnizm-k-¯n-sâbpw
hà-mhmbn amdp¶p \me-¸m-S³ ChnsS.
sshtem-¸nÅn
""{io'' F¶ Xqen-Im-\m-a-¯n Ipd-¨p-Imew Adn-b-s¸« sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-tat\m³ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bnse bpK-]-cn-hÀ¯-\-¯n\p lcn{io Ipdn¨ Ih\-\m-Z-§-fn {io
Xs¶-bm-Wv. \otbm ¢mkn-k-¯nsâ tkzÑm-[n-]Xyw \ne-\n-¶-Im-e-¯mWv sshtem-¸nÅn-bpsS cwK-{]-th-iw. Km\-K-ÔÀÆ\mb N§¼pg-bm-bn-cp¶p sshtem-¸n-Ånsb kzm[o\n¨ Imev]-\nI Ihn. F¶m- A-t±lw N§-¼pg Ihn-X-bpsS Atcm-N-I-amb AXn-`m-hpI-Xzhpw hmNm-e-Xbpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-¨p. AXnsâ kmc-fyhpw kwKo-Xm-ß-I-Xbpw kzmwio-I-cn¨p. ""\h-\-thm-t·j imen-\n-bmb'' kl-P-bmb {]Xn-`-bpsS emky-hn-em-k-am-bn-cp¶p
sshtem-¸n-Ån-¡-hn-X. ]ptcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy-Im-c³am-cpsS s]cpw ]S-]p-d-¸mSv XmXv]-cy]qÀÆw ho£n-¨p-h¶
- -Ih
- n-bm-bn-cp¶p sshtem-¸n-Ån. AtX-k-abw Acm-jv{So-b-hm-Zn-If
- psS
cq]-`{- Z-Xm-hm-Zt- ¯mSv sshtem-¸nÅn H«pta s]mcp-¯s
- ¸-«-Xp-an-Ã. "Rms\mcp shdpw kuµcym-ßI Ihn am{Xw' þ F¶v BZyta At±lw {]Jym-]n-¨p. kz´w Ime-L-«-¯nsâ lrZb-¯p-Sn-¸p-IÄ sshtem-¸nÅn IrXn-I-fn {]Xn-[z-\n-¡p-¶p-­v. Pohn-X-t¯m-SpÅ DXv¡Samb A`n-\n-thiw B IrXn-I-fn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw. hnIm-cm-th-i-¯nsâ Ips¯m-gp-¡nÂ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
37
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
At±-l-¯nsâ Nn´-bpsS ]m\-]m{Xw A]-{`w-i-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. am\p-jn-I- hn-Im-c-§sf am\n¡p¶ al-¯mb Pohn-Xs¯ {]IoÀ¯n-¡p¶ Cu a\p-jy-IY
- m-\p-Kmbn AXy´w BXymZcw ImWp-¶Xv a\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv. Pohn-X-t¯m-SpÅ DXv¡-Sa
- mb A`n-\n-thiw, AXv BkzZn-¡m-\pÅ Bthiw sshtem-¸nÅnbpsS Ihn-X-I-fn Nnä-e-t]mse XpSn-¨p-\n¡p-¶p.
lm hnPn-Kojp arXyp-hn-¶mtam
Pohn-X-¯nsâ sImSn-¸Sw Xmgv¯m³
Fs´mcp Bß-hn-izm-kw. AP-¿a- mb Pohn-X¯
- nsâ al-\o-bX
- , am\-h[
- À½-¯nsâ A\-iz-cX!
sshtem-¸nÅn kz´w {Kma-t¯mSv ]peÀ¯n-t¸m¶ lrZ-b_
- Ô
- hpw 1930-þ\v tijw
tIc-f-¯n-ep-S-\ofw hoin-b-Sn¨ IÀjI ka-c-§fpw km{am-PyXz hncp² {]t£m-`-§-fpamWv At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-Xbv¡v ]ptcm-Ka
- -\-`mhw \ÂIn-bX
- v. sshtem-¸n-Ån-bpsS Ncn-{Xt_m-[s¯ \nÀ®-bn-¨Xpw At±-ls¯ dnb-en-k-t¯mSv ASp-¸n-¨Xpw djy³ kmln-XyIr-Xn-I-fm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse IÀj-I-k-a-c-§sf hÀ¤]-c-ambn hni-I-e\w sN¿m³ apt¶dp¶ Ncn-{X-ià
- nsb a\-Ên-em-¡m\pw hniz-am-\h
- n-IXm t_m[-¯n-te¡v Db-cm\pw sshtem¸n-Ån¡v djy³ IrXn-IÄ klm-b-§-fm-bn-¯oÀ¶p. F¦nepw Ihn-X-bn Xt¶ ape-¸meq-«n-bXv hS-¡³ ]m«m-sW¶v Xpd¶p k½-Xn-¡m³ Ihn hnap-JX ImWn-¡p-¶n-Ã.
sshtem-¸nÅn Hcn-¡epw {]I-S-amb hn{Kl `Ú-\-¯nt\m sR«n-¸n-¡p¶ ]pXpabvt¡m th­n {ian-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn-Ã. F¦nepw At±lw Fgp-Xn-Xp-S§pw ap¼v ae-bmf
kmln-Xy-¯n X§n- \n-¶n-cp¶ ¢mÊn-¡Â Npa-cnÂ\n¶,v {]tXy-In¨v AXnsâ hÀ®\m-]-c-X-bnÂ\n¶v At±-l-¯nsâ BZy-Im-e-Ir-Xn-IÄt]mepw hnap-à-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
klysâ aI³
A¼-e-ap-ä¯v DÕhw \S-¡p-I-bmWv. DÖz-e-¯o-sh-«n-I-fn-f-¡p¶ shfn-¨-¯nÂ
]X-bp¶ s\än-¸-«-s]m-¶-cp-hn-I-tfmsS Fgp-¶Ån \n¡p¶ ]Xn-\-©m\ Icn-¼m-d-IÄ
Ahbv¡p ap¶n-embn hmZy-ta-f-¯nsâ Xmf-]m-Z-¯n Xe-bm-«n-\n¡p¶ ]q¯ Xmgvhct]mse ]pcp-jm-cw. A¼-e-ap-äs¯ DÕhw DÃm-k-¯nsâ am\-kn-Im-hØ a\-ÊnÂ
krjvSn¡p-¶p.
kwL-hp-ambn apdp-¡n-s¡m-­n-cn-¡p¶ NneÀ¡v ]d-bm-\p-ÅXv B\-If
- n \Sp¡p
\n¡p¶ sIm¼-s\-¸ä- n-bm-W.v Ah³ Ipdp-¼\
- m-W.v tZhsâ s]m³Xn-St- ¼dn \n¡p¶ B
akvXI
- ¯
- n a{´n-¡p-¶Xv ]nim-Np-¡f
- m-W.v tZhsâ Øm\¯p Xs¶ ]nim-Nnsâ IpSn-bn-cn-¸.v
apgp-h³ tXmÀ¶n-«nÃm
ap³ aZ-Pew ]t£þ
sbgp-¶-Å-¯n ¡q«n
Fs´mcp Xe-s¸m-¡w.
Ahsâ Xes¸m¡-¯nsâ A`n-am-\m-Zc- §
- Ä \ne-\n¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ aZ-Pew apgp-h³ tXmcm¯- A-hs
- \-¡p-dn¨v `oXn apän-\n¡p-¶p. kml-k§
- sf Benw-K\w sN¿m-\pÅ ssIIÄ
t]m-se-bmWv hncn-ªp-\o­ sIm¼p-IÄ. I®p-IÄ ImWp-¶X
- m-Is« \o­ kz]v\a
- mWv.
Xp¼n¡cw a®ptXm-­p-¶p. tZhsâ XnS¼p ]nSn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ im´n-¡m-c³ hnd-b¡
v p-¶p.
X\n-¡p-­mb Nne hyàn-]-c-amb A\p-`-h-§Ä ap³\nÀ¯n sshtem-¸nÅn FgpXnb Ihn-X-bmWv "klysâ aI³'. Nne khn-tij kml-Nc
- y-§Ä X¶n AXnZpxÊlamb _mly-\n-b-{´-W-§Ä G¸n-¡m³ {ian-¨n-cp¶ Ah-Ø-bpsS ]Ým-¯-e-s¯-¡pdn¨v Ihn Xs¶ ]d-bp-¶p-­v. A§s\ hyàm-\p-`-h-ap-bÀ¯nb sshIm-cnI k½À±-¯nÂ
\n¶v Dcp-In- hmÀ¶p-­mb Ihn-X-bmWv klysâ aI³. ""Hcp a\p-jy³ Nne {]Xn-kÔn
L«-§-fn {]_-e-amb Hcp {]mY-an-I-hnImc-¯n\v (DZm: cXn-`m-h-¯n-\v) hnt[-b-\m-bn,
kwkv¡m-c- ]m-c-¼-cy-§sf hI-sh-¡msX kz´w lrZ-b-t{]-c-W-IÄ¡-\p-k-cn¨v Pohn-¡pB[p-\n-I IhnX
38
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hm³ {ian-¡p-¶-Xpw kaq-l-a-\-Ên-t\Â]n-¡p¶ BLm-Xhpw, AXnsâ Xncn-¨-Sn-bp-amWv
klysâ aI\p hnj-bw. XpSÀ¶v, Ipdp-¼-\mb B sIm¼sâ B´-c-tem-I-¯n-sâbpw
_lnÀtem-I-¯n-sâbpw sshcp-²y-¯n-te¡v \½psS {i²sb B\-bn-¡p-I-bmWv Ihn.
B\-bpsS DZv{`m-´a
- mb kwlm-cm-ßI
- X
- b
- n \n¶pw c£-t\-Sm\pw AXns\ \nb-{´n-¡m\pw
FÃm Ign-hp-I-fp-sa-Sp¯v {]tbm-Kn-¡p-I-bmWv BÄ¡mÀ.''
""i_vZ-km-Kcw InS
¶e XÃt« XobnÂ
`n¯n-Is
- f-cn-bs«
Xnc-¡oSs« \cÀ
Iq¨p-N-§e Xs¶
I¯q-Wn Xf-bv¡s«
IqÀ¯ tXm«n Nmcs«
{Iqi-Km{Xw \o ]m¸m³''
Npäpw Ae-XÃ
- p¶ i_vZt- Im-em-l-e-§tfm I¯n-bp-bc
- p¶ Aán-`n-¯n-Itfm H¶pw Ah³
hI- sh-¨n-Ã. "Icp-Xoe' F¶p Ihn ]d-bp-¶Xv Ah³ Imcy-am-¡n-bnà F¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ
Ahsâ -Nn´bnte¡v AsXm¶pw IS-¶p-sN-¶n-Ã F¶p hyà-am-¡m-\mWv. AsXm-¶pw
DÅn-te¡p IS¶p sNÃm-¯-hn[w B akvXn-jvI-¯n-\p-Ån \nemhv Hmfw sh«p-I-bm-Wv.
FÃm-¯n\pw Xm\pw Xsâ lnX-§-fpw am{Xw. XpSÀ¶p \S-¡p¶ {Iqc-bm-YmÀ°y-§Ä
t]mepw X\n¡p lnX-I-c-amb kz]v\-§-fm¡n amän B \nem-hv.
"k©-cn-¡p-Ib
- m-Wmþ
kmlÊn k¦Â]-¯nÂ
h³ sNhn-Ifmw ]pÅn
kzmX-{´y-]-{Xw-hoin'
_mly-bm-YmÀ°y-§-fn \n¶v k¦-ev]-am-sb-¦nepw tamN\w e`n-¨-tXmsS Ah³ kzmX{´y-¯n-te¡p IS-¶p. AhnsS btYjvSw hnl-cn-¡m-\pÅ ]pÅn-¨n-d-Ip-I-fmbn Ahsâ
sNhn-IÄ. Cu kzmX{´y]-{Xw, DZv{`m-´N
- n-´-IÄ Ahs\ X³sN-dp-\m-fn tIfo-ho-Yn-bnte-¡m-\-bn-¨p. hk-´-¯m k©n-X-hn-`-hamw kly-km-\p-tZ-i-¯n-te¡v \bn-¨p.-D-Õ-h cw-K¯v \n¡p-t¼mgpw Ah³ X\n¡p {]nb-¦-c-\mb ]qÀÆ-Ime P\-Po-hn-X-¯n-te¡v
Hcp am\-kn-I-k-©mcw \S-¯n.
""D¶n{Zw Xg-bv¡pao
Xmgvhc t]msem-¶pt­m
Xs¶-t¸m-sem-cm-\bv¡v
Xnc-bm³ thdn-«nSw?''
aeÀhm-I-IÄ amWn-Iy-ap-XnÀ¯t¸mÄ ae-bm-\n-e³ h¶p akvXIw Xtem-Sp-¶p. ]Ã-h§fpw Cu´Â]-«n-en³ apf-Ifpw Ah-\p-th­n hncp-s¶m-cp-¡p-¶p. Im«p-]q-t©m-e-IÄ
Aar-Xt- ¯-¡m-«nepw aoX-bmb X®oÀIm-«n-hn-fn-bv¡p-¶p. F¶m {]Ir-Xn-bpsS Cu kzoImtcm-Õm-l-¯n-sem¶pw Ah\v XmXv]cyw tXm¶p-¶nÃ. Nn´-IÄ B Xesb IS-¶ÂIqSm¡n amäp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
a\-Êp-sIm­v h\m-´-c-¯n-se¯n Ignª Ah³ Imen ]m¨pcw sXdn-¸n-¨psIm­v Im«p-]m-Xb
- n-eqsS \S-¶p. Imän-sem-en-s¨-¯p-¶s
- X-´mWv ]pXp-¸m-e¸q kpK-Ôtam?
Im«nse ]\-IÄ X³ IsÅmen kuc-`y-tam. ]md-bnÂ\n¶p hogp¶ Pew t]mse Xsâ
hocy-saÃmw tNmÀ¶pt]mIp-¶-Xmbn Ah\v tXm¶n. A§s\ BÀ{ZX \jvSs¸«p ]cp-¡\m-bn-¯oÀ¶ Ah\v aZm-e-k-X-bm henb £oWw A\p-`-h-s¸-«p. hnj-h-Ãcn Xnt¶m
B[p-\n-I IhnX
39
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hnj-Pzcw _m[nt¨m? Adn-bnà F¶m B Ai-àn-bnepw alm-i-à\mb Ahsâ ]nSnbn h³a-c-sIm-¼p-IÄ HSn-ªp. Dį-cn¸p tNÀ¶ KÞ `n¯n tNÀ¯p-c-bv¡-bmÂ
]me-bn \n¶v cà-K-Ôn-bmb ]m Dudn-h-¶p.
\nÀ¤-X-_-es
- a¶m
ep{K-hocyw X¶p-SÂ
\n{K-tlm-ÕpIw kvt\l
hy{K-sa-¦nepw Nn¯w.
B\ A¼-e-ap-ä¯p \nev¡p-t¼mgpw Ahsâ a\Êv krjvSn¨ h³Im-Sn-\-I¯v Ah³
kvt\l-¯nsâ B{K-l-¯nsâ Hcp kz]v\-temIw Na-bv¡p-¶p. Ah³ Xsâ Imep \o«nsh¨v \S-¡p-I-bm-Wv. AhnsS ]pÅn-¸pen s]m´-bn ]Xp-§p-¶p-­v. ]t£ Ahs\
sIm¼n tImÀ¡m³ Ahsâ a\-Ên-\m-{K-l-an-Ã. hm¡p-hm a­o-Sp¶ hm\-c-`o-cp-¡tfmSv h¡m-Wn-¸m\pw tXm¶n-bnÃ. Im«p-s]m-bvIb
- n sIm¼p tImÀ¡p¶ aln-j§
- t- ftbm
thS-tc-dp-am-S¯
- n \n¶p ]mSp¶ sNdp-tX-s\m-en-Km-\t- ¯tbm {i²n-¡m-\p-am-bn-Ã. ]IÂt]mIp-¶Xpw Iqcn-cp-«p-hs
- ¶-¯p-¶Xpw ]£n-IÄ IqSp-If
- n tNt¡-dp-¶Xpw,h-\-aÃ
- nI ]q¯p
hmk\ sNmcn-ªXpw h\-tZhnamÀ \nem-¡p-¯n \r¯w sN¿p-¶Xpw Cc-hn³ th«¡mÀ Xt¶m-«¯
- n sNdp-tX-s\m-en-Km-\s
- ¯tbm {i²n-¡m-\p-am-bn-tÃ. ]IÂ t]mIp-¶Xpw
Iqcncp-«p-h-s¶-¯p-¶Xpw ]£n-IÄ IqSp-I-fn tNt¡-dp-¶-Xpw, h\-a-ÃnI ]q¯p hmk-\sNm-cn-ªXpw h\-tZ-hn-amÀ \nem-¡p-¯n \r¯w sN¿p-¶Xpw Cc-ho³ th«-¡mÀ X³
t\m-«-¯n sNdp-Nn-Ã-I-sfm-Sn-bp-¶Xpw \qdm-bncw Noho-Sp-IÄ hne-]n-¡p-¶Xpw Ah³
tIÄ¡p-¶p. s]s«-¶p- Xs¶ Ahsâ tNX-\b
- p-Wc
- p-¶p. DÕ-hc
- w-K¯
- p-bÀ¶ hmZym-tLmj-§sf hÀj-Ime aÞq-Im-em-]a
- mbn Icp-Xm-\m-Wh
- \
- n-jvSw. ap¶n hcn-bmbn Xnf-§p¶
Xosh-«n-IÄ h\-Ip-RvP-¯nse an¶m-an-\p-§p-I-f-t{X. s]s«¶v Ahsâ At\z-j-W-¯n\v
^ew In«p¶p. h\-]m-X-bn {]mW-\nÀÆmW {]Z-amb ]cn-NnX KÔw \nd-ªp. B ac-bne-IÄ X³h-Sn-shm¯ ASn-Ifpw Bhn-s]m-§p¶ ]¨-]n-Þhpw I­p. DÃmkw \ndª
Ah³ DSs\ DÕ-hc
- w-K-¯nse Ipg hnfn-tI-«p. B\-¡q-«¯
- nsâ Nn¶w-hn-fn-bmbn Ah\v
tXm¶n. A¸p-d¯v Bän³h-¡n kly-am-a-ebpsS kuµ-cy-¡-«-I-fmb B\-¡q-«s¯
Ah³ I­p. Im£Ww sIm­-h³ Xsâ Iq«-¯n-s\m¸sa¯m³ apt¶m-«m-ªpþ
Imense Iq¨p-N-§e s]m«p-¶p. Imen Npänb Im«p-hÅn s]m«n-b-Xmbn Ah³ Icp-Xn.
"F´n-Xn-t¡m-em-lew
B\-tbm-Sn-sb-s¶mcp
h³ Xnc-¡-sÃ-¼mSpw
hfcpw sImSp-¦mtäm
Cc¼pw ae-shÅ
s]m¡-tam, Im«m-f³am-cnþ
cp`m-Khpw hf-ªmÀ¯p
ImSn-f-¡p-t¶m.'
X³ ]pd-t¯dn hm\-c³amÀ adnbpt¶m Im\\hnS-]-§Ä t]Sn ]qt­m-Sp¶p. Bfp-IfpsS ac-W-tcm-Z\w Im¨p-h-«nse sNSn-I-fpsS Ic-¨n-em-Wv. Xmcp-cnª sIm¼-¯p-\n¶v
cà-sam-en-¡p-¶-Xmbpw Ah³ I­p.
IqÀs]dpw amtem-Isc
shfn-bn IS-¡p-ho³
tKm]p-c-a-Sbv¡p hþ
\¼ew sIme-¡fw
B[p-\n-I IhnX
40
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
AtX hnfn¨p ]d-ªp. i_vZ-tIm-em-l-e-§-fpw sh«-hp-a-S-§n. cà-¯n-sâbpw ae-¯nsâbpw ZpÀKÔw am{X-a-h-ti-jn-¨p. Ahsâ a\kv kz]v\-tem-I-¯p-X-s¶. B\Ip«nIfpw ]nSn-bm-\-Ifpw IÅn³ t\cmb Ipfn-\ocpw Icn-s¼m¯ Im«p-\m-bvI-W-I-fp-ambn
X\n-t¡-ähpw {]nb-s¸« Pohn-Xw.
Im«p Xmfn-e-sbm¯
tImaf IÀ®-§-fnÂ
Iq«p-Im-cn-tbm-S-h³
a{´nt¨m at\m-cYw
irwJ-eb
- d
- n-bm¯
kJn-X³ Im-enÂ
t{]a-¨-§e _Ôn-¨pthm
N©-e-Xp-¼n-ss¡-¿mÂ
Ahsâ D³a-¯mb Ima-tI-fn-IÄ¡v hnt[-b-am-bXv Ipe-hm-g-t¯m-cW
- -§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. Icfn Ima-t{Im[ Im-«pXo hfÀ¶v FXnÀsIm-¼-\p-ambn Gäpap-«n. ]t£ apdnªp
Xp­pIfmbn hoW Ic-¦Â tKm]p-c-amWv Ahsâ Cu ]cm-{I-a-§-fpsS ^ew A\p-`-hn¨-Xv. B\ Xsâ k¦-ev]-Im-e-§f
- n sskz-c-k-©mcw sN¿p-t¼mgpw -`o-Xn-]q­ P\-§Ä
A¼-e-a-Xn-en\p ap¼n \n¡p--Ibm-bn-cp-¶p. amtem-I-cpsS h¼p-I-fp-WÀ¶p. A¼-e-aXn-en³ apI-fn tIdn Hcp ZpÀarXyp hcp¶p tXm¡p Nq­nb Hcp ]«m-f-¡m-csâ cq]¯nÂ. B \csâ tXms¡m-¶e
- -dn. Ai-c-Wa
- mb Bsctbm hnfn¨p Icªv aZ-bm\ hogpIbpw sNbvXp. X\n¡p ic-W-ambn Btcm Ds­-¶-h³ Icp-Xn-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
tZymhns\ hnd-¸n¡p
amhnfn tIt«m aWn þ
t¡mhn-en ab-§p¶
am\-h-cpsS ssZhw.
am\-h-cpsS a-Wn-t¡m-hn-en kpJme-k-X-bn ab-§p¶ am\-h-cpsS ssZh-¯n-\Xp
tIÄ¡m-\m-bn-Ã.
""F¦n-ep-aXp sN¶p
amsäm-en-s¡m­p ]p{X
k¦Sw kln-bm¯
klysâ lrZ-b-¯nÂ''
am\-h-sâbpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw lrZ-bm-epX amäp-c-¨p-t\m-¡p-I-bmWv Ihn-bn-hn-sS. am\h³ B amXwK kz]v\-¯nsâ amdn-te¡v \nd-sbm-gn-¡p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. {]mW-\nÂ
shSn-bp­ Xpf-¨n-d-§p-t¼mÄ ]nSªp hoWp tIWnSpw am\-h-cpsS ssZh-¯n-\Xp
tIÄ¡m-\p-am-bn-Ã. ]p{X-k-¦Sw kln-¡m¯ klysâ lrZbw ]t£ AtXäp hm§n.
kzX{´ hym]m-c-¯n-teÀs¸-«n-cp¶ Hcp Nn¯ hr¯n Ime-{I-a-¯n ASn-a-s¸-«pt]m-Ip-Ibpw ASn-a-¯-¯nsâ Xo£vWX AXns\ DÑyw-K-e-am-Im³ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw
sN¿p¶XmWv ChnsS Imhy-hn-j-bw.
"klysâ aI³' F¶ IrXn kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-¨m AXnse kw`-hI
- Y
- t- b¡mÄ Ihn Iev]\
- I
- Ä AYhm _nw_m-hen {][m-\a
- mbn Xocp-¶X
- mbn ImWmw. bpàn-kl-amb tIhe XXz-§-fn Hcp¡n \nÀ¯m-\m-hm¯ Hcp A\p-`-h-ta-Je B _nw_m-h-enbn-eqsS A\m-hr-Xa
- m-Ip-¶p. A\p-hm-NI
- s\ kw_-Ôn-¨n-St- ¯mfw Cu A\p-`h
- t- a-Je
- b
- nÂ
B\ Hcp {]XoIw am{X-am-Wv. D]-t_m-[-a-\-Ênse ss\kÀ¤nI t{]c-W-IÄ¡p hiw-h-Z\m-Ip¶ B Pohn-sb-¡p-dn¨v Hcp hn[n ]d-bm³ \nb-X-amb Hcp XXzw Bhn-jvI-cn-¡m³
Ihn ]cn-{i-an-¨n-«n-Ã. emh-Wym-ß-I-amb Hcp aq-ey-t\z-jWw am{Xta Ihn \S-¯n-bn-«p-Åp.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
41
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
aäp cN-\-I-fn \ns¶Ãmw H«-I¶v hnImc k¦-ev]-§-fp-tS-Xmb"{`m´n³ \nemhv'
akvXI
- ¯
- n-te´n Xe s]m¡-t¯msS \n¡p¶ Hcp Ihn-Xm-sIm-¼\
- mWv klysâ aI³.
sshtem-¸nÅn Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-ap-{Z-IÄ GXm-s­Ãmw Xs¶ kwL-e\w sNbvXn-«pÅ
Hcp A]qÀÆ {]Xo-I-amWv klysâ aI³. KÔm-\p-`m-h-§-fn-eqsS {]m]n-¡p¶ aZw
hfÀ¯p¶ `qX-Im-em-\p-`q-Xn-If
- psS kz]v\t- em-I¯
- n AXnsâ £Wn-I-Xsb¸än t_m[h-m-\p-a-ÃmsX Npän-¡-d-§m-\pÅ Cu IrXn-bn ]q¯p-\n¡p-¶-sX¶ DgvIm-gvN-bm-WnhnsS sXfn-bp-¶-Xv. ]cn-kc
- b
- m-YmÀ°y-¯nsâ hmZym-chw hI-sh-bv¡msX Ahsb shdpw
""h\-]-Ãh hÀj-Ime aÞq-Im- Bem-]-ambn'' ImWp¶ klysâ aI³ Iq«-¯n Xe
s]m¡-ap-Åh
- ³ am{X-aà Hä-bm³ IqSn-bm-Wv. ]cn-jvIrX Pohn-X-¯nsâ N«-h«- §
- Ä¡v hg§msX kwkvIm-c]
- m-c¼
- -cy-§sf hI-sh-bv¡msX kl-hn-Im-c§
- -fpsS t{]c-Wbv¡v hnt[b-\mbn Pohn¨ Hcp-h-s\, Ahsâ sNbvXn-I-fm hnj-a-a-\p-`-hn-¡p¶ kap-Zmbw "]ItbmsS sRcn¨p XIÀ¡p-¶-Xnsâ Omb' klysâ aI³ F¶ IrXn¡p ]n¶n-ep-­v.
A¯-cs
- amcp a\p-jy³ kap-Zm-b¯
- n\v B]Xv¡m-cn-bm-sW-¦nepw Abm-fpsS XIÀ¨- XoÀ¨bmbpw klm-\p-`q-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpÅ ]cn-K-W\ AÀln-¡p-¶p­v F¶v Cu Ihn-Xbv¡v
tNÀ¯ ASn-¡p-dn-¸n Ihn hyà-am-¡p-¶p. ]s£ kwkv¡mc ]mc-¼-cys¯ hI-shbv¡m-¯-ht- cmSv klm-\p-`q-Xn-bp-WÀ¯p¶ asämcp IrXnbpw ]n¶oSv Cu Ihn cNn-¨n-«nÃ
F¶Xpw {it²-b-am-Wv. s]mXpsh kl-P-hm-k-\-Isf ]cn-kc bmYmÀ°y§fp-ambn (a-dn¨pw) s]mcp¯s¸Sm-\pÅ {ia-§f
- mWv þ Hcp-Xcw s]mcp-¯s
- ¸-Se
- nsâ ]m\-If
- mWv sshtem¸nÅn IrXn-IÄ. Cu Iq«-¯nÂ\n¶v CS-ªp-amdn \n¡p¶p klysâ aI³.
F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cyÀ
]Þn-X³, Ihn, cmjv{Sob {]hÀ¯-I³, ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-I³ F¶o \ne-I-fnÂ
Akm-am-\y-amb {]Xn-`m-hn-em-khpw IÀ½-Ip-i-e-Xbpw H¯n-W§
- nb Hcp A]qÀÆ hyànXz-¯nsâ DS-a-bmWv {io. F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cyÀ. A[o-i-Xz-¯n-s\-Xn-cmb tZio-b-k-a-c¯n Hcp Hfn-t¸mcm-fn-bmbn {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn Xsâ Ccp-]-¯mdmw hb-ÊnÂ,
1942-þse BKÌv hn¹-hI
- m-e¯v tPmen cmPn-sh¨ Ihn-bmWv F³.-hn. IrjvWh
- m-cyÀ. kmlnXy-¯nsâ kmaq-lnI e£y-s¯-¡p-dn¨v Hcp Ime¯pw kwi-b-ap-­m-bn-«n-Ãm¯ Ihn.
sdmamânIv Ihn-X-tbmSv a\w \ndª BZ-c-ap-­m-bn«pw hmeÀ AXn-t\mSp hnS
]dªp PohnX bmYmÀ°y-§-f-t\z-jn¨v Cd§n-¯n-cn-¨p. A¶v bmYmÀ°y-¯n \n¶v
cmjv{So-bs¯ AIän \nÀ¯m³ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. AXp-sIm­v BZy-Ime Ih-\-§Ä
cmjv{Sob hkvXp-X-IÄ tNÀ¶-h-bm-bn-cp-¶p. AXn kzmX-{´ym-th-ihpw ka-tcm-jva-fXbpw Aen-ªp-tNÀ¶n-cp-¶p.
F³.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cy-cpsS "\o­-I-hn-X-IÄ' (1948) ae-bm-f-¯n AXv Hcp ]cnhÀ¯-\-¯n\v H¶m-a-¦-ambn AwKn-I-cn-¡-s¸-«p. ]pXnb sSIv\n¡v, ]pXnb Pohn-Xm-ht_m[w, ]pXnb `mjm-co-Xn, ]pXnb A´-co-£- -coXn sdmamân-ks¯ hän-¡p-Itbm Nm¼em-¡p-Itbm sN¿p¶ IrXyw, F¶nh F³.-hn. Ihn-X-I-fpsS apJ-ap-{Z-I-fm-bn.
aZn-cm-in-bnse cm{Xn, Fen-IÄ, KmÔnbpw tKmZvskbpw, \IvkÂ_m-cn, Pohn-Xhpw
ac-Whpw, cmjv{So-b-s]³j³, ]pe-cn-bpw tImgnbpw, Ime-hÀj-¯n-t\mSv, t]Sn-kz]v\w,
apX-emb Ihn-X-IÄ AXXp `mc-Xob PohnX cnà-X-I-tfm-SpÅ {]Xn-I-cW
- §
- f
- m-Wv. Im]Sy-t¯mSv, A[n-ImchmRvOt- bmSv, BZÀi-Nyp-XntbmSv, A\m-imky kmaqly hyh-Øn-XntbmSv FÃm-apÅ Ipcn-ip-bp-²-§-fm-W-h.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
42
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ka-Ime a\x-km-£n-bpsS t\mhp-If
- mWv IrjvW-hm-cy-cpsS IrXn-bn apÅp-If
- mbn
\ofp-¶-Xv. apÅp-sIm­p Iodp¶ lrZ-b-¯n tNmc-Xp-Ån-IÄ sIm­p Ihn-XsbgpXp¶
kXy-kÔ
- X
- bv¡v IrjvWh
- m-cyÀ Hcn-¡epw Cf-h\
- p-hZ- n-¨n«nÃ. Imev]\
- nI t{]a-`m-h¯
- nsâ
A]-lm-kyhpw ZpÀ_-e-hp-amb hiw Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xnepw Ihn hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\mWv.
sIm¨p-sXm-½\
- n AXp-Im-Wmw. ]m{X-kz-`mh Nn{Xo-Ic
- W
- ¯
- nepw A´-co-£k
- r-jSv n-bnepw
IYm-K-Xn-bnepw hmcyÀ dnb-en-Ìn-¡m-Wv. .
{][m\ IrXn-IÄ:þ \o­ Ihn-I-XÄ, Iptd-¡qSn \o­ Ihn-X-IÄ, sIm¨p-sXm-½³, hnZym]-Xn, IÅ-ssZ-h-§Ä, KmÔnbpw tKmZvsk-bpw, Nm«-hmÀ, _p²-N-cn-Xw, B«-¡-Y, Nn{XmwKZ, B«-¡-Y, Imfn-Zm-ksâ knwlm-k-\w, ]pg-IÄ.
sIm¨p-sXm-½³-þ-Hcp hnZymÀ°n-]p-cmWw
Imev]-\nI {]Wb¯nsâ _menihpw F¶m kl-Xm-]mÀl-amb Hcp Nn{X-amWv
sIm¨p-sXm-½\
- n DÅ-X.v IYm-\m-bI
- \
- mb sIm¨p-sXm-½³ Xmw_-cs¯ a{Zmkv {InkvXy³tImtfPv hnZymÀ°n-bm-Wv. ¢mÊn A{i-²bpw hgn-\osf t{]-ahpw, Ipfn-ap-dn-bn aqfn-¸m-«pw,
Xotb-äd
- n It®m-«hpw amÀ¡p \ÂI-ep-ambn Ign-bp¶ ]¨-]-cn-jvIm-cn-bmb C¶s¯ Hcp
km[m-cW hnZymÀ°n. sshIp-t¶cw IpS-aWn hen-s¨-Sp¯p Ignªv ]n¨-®³ ]yq¬ hmXnÂ
]q«p-hm³ F¯p-t¼m-gmWv sIm¨p-sXm-½s\ ]nSn-¨p-WÀ¯n ¢mkn\p shfn-bn-em-¡pI ]Xnhv. sIm¨p-sXm-½sâ Aѳ dºÀ tXm«-¯nse Hcp ]mh-s¸« ssd«-dm-Wv. ]t£ B \nebnepw IS¶ Hcp Uok³kn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv sIm¨p-sXm-½³ Pohn-¡p-¶X
- .v kn¡p-jÀ«pw
Npfn-hv ho-gm¯ icm-bnbpw apbÂt]m XpÅpw jqkpw [cn¨ sXm½³.
""buÆ\w ]cn-jv¡mcw ]Wao aq¶pw tNÀ¶mÂ
ssIhcpw ku`mKy-§Ä¡m-I-chpw''
Iem-im-e-tamSn X³ kÀhmw-KW amXr-IbpamWv. ¢mÀ¡v ¢mc sIm¨p-sXm-½sâ Øncw
t{]a-`m-P-\-am-Wv. B tImtfPv {]Wbw hnI-kn¨ Imev]-\n-I-t{]-a-ambn XoÀ¶-Xm-Wv.
""¢...¢ þ ankv ¢mcm ¢mÀ¡v
ap¶n-epÅt¸mÄ t_md³
eIvN-dn {i²n-¡p-hm³
ac-aÃ
- tÃm sXm½³''
sXm½³ t{]a-`m-P-\-¯n\v \ntXy\ t{]a-te-J-\-§Ä Ab-¡p-I-bp-­m-bn. ]t£ AhÄ
AXv In«nb `mhw- Im-Wn-¨n-Ã. A§s\ Zn\-§Ä t]mbn NqtSdn shÅw hän ]co-£-IÄ
ASp-¯p. B t{]a-{`m-´\v H¶pw ]Tn-¡p-hm³ km[n-¨n-Ã. sIm¨p-sXm-½sâ AÑ\v aIs\
Hcp sF.-F.-Fkv Imc-\m-¡-W-sa-¶mWv tamlw.
""hen-tbm-cm-^o-kd
- mbv
¡mtddn ¸md bntem
]pfn-an-ät¯m sN¶p
s]®p sI«Ww sXm½³''
A¸-¨sâ Cu tamlw km[n-¡p-hm³ F´pw sNe-hp- sN-¿m³ At±lw X¿m-dm-Wv. asä´n\v ]nip-¡n-bmepw aIsâ Imcy-¯n ]nip-¡n-Ã. AsÃ-¦nepw XpÑ-amb i¼fw hm§p¶
Hcp ssd«À¡v ]nip-¡msX F§s\ Ign-ªp-t]m-Im-\mhpw?
Xm³ tXmäp-t]m-bm A¸-Ñ-s\-t]mse Hcp ssd«-dm-tI-­n-h-cpw. Imdpw ¢mcbpw
D­m-hn-Ã. Npäp-apÅ the-¡mcn s]®p-§-tfmSp Ibdpw apJ-t¯-¡p-t]mepw sXÅn-b-cn¡p¶ A«-tbbpw sImXp-In-t\bpw t\cn«pw aäpÅ tPmen-bn hcp¶ sNdnb ]ng-hn-\pt]mepw ssd«-dpsS i¼fw sh«n-Np-cp-¡nbpw HSp-hn amkm-h-km\w ae-¼-\nbpw Zmcn-{ZB[p-\n-I IhnX
43
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hpw am{Xw Ioi-bn-em-Ip¶ ssd«À. ]t£ Ahsâ `mh\ AhnsS \n¶n-Ã. -¢mc-bp-s­¦n ssd«-dm-bm F´v?
Ah-fp-s­-¶m tXm«w
kzÀ¤-am-hntà ]Wn
Ifn-bm-hntÃ?kz]v\
amhntà \Kv\w- kXyw?
B cmtKm-Öze kz]v\-§Ä A§s\ ]SÀt¶dn. ¢m-ctbmSp Xsâ Imcyw KZy-¯n ]dbm³Xs¶ Ah³ ss[cy-s¸-«p. At\I cm¸-I-ep-I-fnse \od-en-\p-tijw hnZymÀ°n-IÄ
]co-£m-Nq-tSmsS ¢mkn-te¡v \S-¶-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ £o-W-\mbn A-e-k-hkv{Xw [cn¨v
IqkmsX sKbväpw IS¶v Ah³ dbnÂth tÌj-\n-te¡v \S-¶p. I®ocp \ndª apJt¯msS sdbnÂth ta¸m-e-¯n-eqsS I®p-Im-WmsX \S¶ sIm¨p-sXm-½³ ¢mc-bpambn Iq«n-ap-«p-¶p. Ah-fpsS ]p-kvX-I-§Ä sXdn¨v Xmsg- ho-gp-¶p. Ah-À A¼-c¶v \nesXän \n¡p-t¼mÄ sXm½³ AhÄ¡p-ap-¶n ap«p-Ip¯n \n¶v Ah-fpsS t{^m¡n³
tImsW-Sp¯ A[-ct- ¯m-S-aÀ¯n-t¨À¯p.
""Hmat\ {]ntb h¿o s\m¼cw IcÄ \odn
¨mc-ambv, Np®m-s¼-cn-¨p-f-bm-b³ PohnXw
HmS-W-an¶o h­n-sb³ Igp-¯n-t·Â; AÃm
tXSptam Zb \o þ sb³ `mcy-bm-bn-cn-¡mtam''
sIm¨p-sXm-½s\ ]nSn-s¨-gp-t¶Â¸n¨v Ahsâ Ihn-fn ap¯n Ah sasà sNmÃp-¶p.
""Rm³ Xe-tÈ-cn-¡m-cn, b½-bn-Ãm-t¯mÄ;
]¸-Kn-­n-bn Sn¡äv sN¡;
dn¶se Öbn-en-embv
aZy-hÀÖ\ Ipäw aob-\m-Ysb Im¯mepw
\n³ Zmknsb t{]bms\ Zbm-hmt\''
B A´natcmZ-\-¯nepw AbmÄ ""j«¸v'' F¶ adp-]-Sntb {]Xo-£n-¨n-cp-¶p-Åp. D­mbtXm, \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb Iog-S-¡w. Cu A-\m-Ysb Im¯mepw \n³Zm-kn-sb, t{]bm-t\,
Zbm-hmt\ F¶ {]mÀ°-\ Xo¡-\-en \n¶ sIm¨psXm½sâ lrZb¯n IpfnÀ ag
s]¿n-¨p. A{]-Xo-£n-X-amb Cu kw`-h-¯n \n¶p-­m-Ip¶ {]Xyp¨ tImSn (Anti Climax) lmkys¯ DWÀ¯p-¶p. Cu lmky-¯n "Bt£]w' Ie-cp-¶X
- n\v tlXp thsdm¶m-Wv. hnth-N-\-¯n-\pÅ Aiàn ]cn-lm-ky-am-bn-¯o-cp-¶p.
sNdp-I-Y-bnse bmYmÀ°y-t_m[w ChnsS IY-bn-te¡p ]IÀ¶n-«p-­v. hmcy-cpsS
an¡ \o­-I-hn-X-I-fnepw IYm-{]-Xn-]m-Z-\hpw hnh-c-Whpw ssItbäw \S-¶-Xmbn \ap-¡\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶p. sIm¨p-sXm-½-\n BsI-bpÅ Ccp-]-¯©p JÞ-§-fn \mep JÞ§Ä apgp-h³ dºÀtXm-«-¯nse Pohn-X-s¯-¸än hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. hnZymÀ°n ]pcm-Wsa¶p hnfn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶X
- p-sIm­v IYm-IY
- \w £´-hy-ambn Icp-Xmw. tImtfPv lmÄ hÀ®n¡p-¶n-S¯pw aäpw hfsc kaÀ°-amb coXn-bn Npcp-§nb hm¡p-I-fn Ihn AXp
\nÀÆ-ln-¨n-«p-­v.
""Aedn Nhn-t«äp Kmedn sbm¶n-¨mÄ¡mþ
scgp-t¶-ev¡sh koäp NmcnÂt]mbv tafw sIm«n''
tImtfPv hnSp¶ aWn ASn-¡s
- ¸«t]mepÅ ¢mÊnse A´-co-£a
- mWv Ihn AXn Nn{XoI-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. kn-\nam Xotb-ä-dn-\p-Ån a\x]mIw h¶n-«n-Ãm¯ sNdp-¸-¡mÀ Im«n¡q«p¶ Ima-¡q-¯m-«-§sf hfsc hmkvX-hn-I-ambn {]kvXm-hn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
44
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
BÀ¡epw ssIsIm-«epw Npänepw I-t®m-«hpw amÀ¡p \evI-epw. Chn-sS-sbÃmw
Ihn-bpsS AXnkq-£va-\n-co-£W kmaÀ°yw Ihn-Xbv¡v HmPÊv hcp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
Aäw X«n-¨-W¨p knK-cäv Xo]n-Sn-¸n-¡epw hcn-ap-{Z-I-fo-d³ Np«n-IÄ ]Xn¸n¨Xpw ¢mcbpsS
t{^m¡v h{I-tc-JI
- s
- f-Ãm-ap¡-S-am¡n Im«n-sbm«n \n¡p-¶Xpw hmcn-bc
- psS \nco-£W
kq£vaXbpsS sXfn-hm-Wv.
Imhy-ssi-en-bnepw ]Z-{]-tbm-K-¯nepw hmcn-bÀ kzX-{´-\m-Wv. Imev]-\n-I-`m-h-\bpsS hnIm-c- X--cf-Xbv¡v ]Icw bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-¯nsâ emfn-Xyhpw iànbpw Cu
Ihn-X-bn \ap¡p ImWmw. N§-¼p-gbpw aäpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨p-]-tbm-Kn¨v ]g-Inb ]Z-k-aql-§Ä Km\m-ß-I-ambn tImÀ¯p-sh¨p IhnX cNn-¡p¶ A´-co-£-¯n hmcn-b-cpsS
kzX-{´hpw EPp-hp-amb ssienbpw hmIy-L-S-\bpw Dt·-j-P-\-I-am-Wv. ]g-b CXn-lmk
Imhy-§-fnse kmt¦-XnI {]tXy-I-X-I-fpsS BhÀ¯\w Bt£-]-lmky Nn{Xw cNn¡p-¶-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-«p-­v.
IhnX hmbn-¡p-¶-h-cpsS ASn-b-´nc {i²sb AÀln-¡p¶ Hcm-fmbn F³.-hn.
IrjvW-hm-cyÀ hfÀ¶p Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. CS-¡me ae-bmf Ihn-X-bnse iàn-bpÅ Hcp
i_vZw At±-l¯
- ntâXm-bn-cp-¶p. sIm¨p-sXm-½³ B i_vZ¯
- n Db-À¶ Bt£-]l
- mky
Omb-bpÅ {it²-b-amb Hcp Imhy-in-ev]-hpw. Hf-¸-a® kp{_-Ò-Wy³ \¼q-Xn-cn-¸mSv
k¼-¶X
- b
- psS aSn-¯«- n \n¶v Fgp-t¶äv Cd-§n-t¸m¶v aÀ²n-XÀ¡p-th­n ]mSnb
hn¹-h-I-hn-I-fn kp{]-[m-\\pw kp^-em-ßm-hp-amWv Hf-¸-a-®. sFOn-I-Po-hnX \ntj-[¯nepw anÌn-kn-k-¯nepw `àn-bnepw tam£ km^eyw Is­-¯nb Ihn-I-fnÂ\n¶v
XnI¨pw `n¶-\m-bn-«mWv \mev]-Xp-I-fn Ihn-X-bpsS thZn-bn kp{_-Ò-Wy³ \¼q-Xn-cn¸mSv {]Xy-£s¸«Xv. `mc-Xob kwkv¡m-c¯
- nsâ alna am{Xw Is­¯n AXns\ hmgv¯nsIm-­n-cp¶ ka-Im-enI Ihn-I-fnÂ\n¶pw At±lw hn`n-¶-\m-bn-cp-¶p. `uXnI Pohn-X¯nse s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sp-Ifpw Npäp-]m-Sp-apÅ a\p-jy-cpsS Zpcn-X-§-tfbpw Ak-ln-jvWpX-tbmsS t\m¡n-Im-Wm-\pÅ ioew At±-l-¯nse P³ansb klm-\p-`qXn k¼-¶-amb
]ptcm-Ka
- \ Ihn-bm¡n amän. ]g-asb ]pXn-bX
- nsâ \nÀ½m-W¯
- n-\p-]t- bm-Kn-¡m³ At±lw
Blzm\w sNbvXp. Ime-L-«-¯nsâ Bh-iy-§-sf-s´¶v kzbw Adn-bp-Ibpw Xm³ AdnªXv aäp-Å-hsc Adn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶-Xn At±lw PmK-cq-I-\m-bn-cp-¶p. AXnsâ
\nZÀi-\-§-fm-bn-cp¶p "Xpbn-ep-WÀ¯Â', "Ihnbpw IÀj-I\pw' Ncn{Xw ]n¨n-No´p XpS§nb At±-l-¯nsâ BZy-Im-e-I-hn-X-IÄ.
""Dd-¡p-]m-«p-I-f-cpXp ]mScp
sXmcn-¡-ep-sasâ aWn-hn-]-©ntI''
F¶v Xsâ hoW-tbmSv At±lw At]-£n-¨p. ]ptcm-Ka
- \
- k
- m-ln-Xy-{]-Øm-\¯
- nsâ Dujvaf-amb Nn´-IÄ kmln-Xym-´-co-£-¯n apg§n tI«n-cp¶ Ime-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. Hf¸-a®-bpsS A¶s¯ Ihn-X-I-fn tZiob kzmX{´y ka-c-§fpsSbpw PohÂkm-ln-Xy-{]Øm-\-ap-WÀ¯n-hn« Bi-b-§-fp-sSbpw kzm[o\w {]I-S-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hf-¸-a-®-bpsS IYmI-hn-X-IÄ Hmtcm¶pw ZpxJ¯nsâ A\´ hnNn-{X-ap-J-§Ä Is­-¯pI, A\m-h-cWw
sN¿pI CXmWv Hf-¸-a-®-bpsS Imhy-Po-hn-Xm-t\z-j-Ww.
Ihn-Xm-kw-{Klw
Hf-¸a- ®
- b
- psS Gähpw {][m-\a- mb IYm-IY
- \
- I
- m-hy-amWv "\t§-a¡
- p-«n'. ]cn-Xy-àbpw
{`jvSb
- p-amb Hcp KÀ`n-Wn-bpsS Zpc-´w. Hma-\b
- mbn hfÀ¶ A´ÀP-\_
- m-en-Isb hne-¡s¸« I\n-bq-«n-bXv Hcp Syqj³am-ÌÀ. AbmÄ Ahsf kwc-£n-¡p-am-bn-cp-¶p. AhÄ IqsS
sNÃp-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, ]t£ Hfn-t¨m-Sm³ AhÄ ss[cys¸«n-Ã. Xsâ AÑ-s\-¡p-dn-¨mWv
AhÄ HmÀ¯-X.v temI-sa-s´-¶d- n-bm¯ B Ip«n AÑ-\½
- a- mÀ kwc-£n-¡p-sa-¶mWv HmÀ¯B[p-\n-I IhnX
45
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Xv. IY-b-dn-ª-t¸mÄ AhÀ XIÀ¶p. kap-Zm-bs¯ `b¶v AhÀ Ahsf ]Sn-b-S¨p ]pd¯m¡n ]nÞw sh¨p. A\m-Yb
- mb AhÄ Bip-]{- Xn-bn {]k-hn¨p Ipªns\ CÃs¯
D½-d¯v Dt]-£n¨v CÃs¯ Ipf-¯n AhÄ A`bw tXSp-¶p.
km[m-cW Pohn-X§
- sf Nqgv¶p \nev¡p¶ Zpc´w Akm-[m-cW Ah-Km-lt- ¯msS
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-IbmWv Ihn. A©v `mK-§-fm-bmWv Ihn-Xsb Xncn-¡p-¶-Xv. H¶mw `mKw
\t§-a-¡p«n KÀ`n-Wn-bmb hnhcw CÃs¯ hmey-¡m-cn-bpsS I®nÂs¸Sp-¶Xpw \t§-a¡p-«n-bpsS A½sb Adn-bn-¡p-¶-XpamWv. c­mw-`m-K¯v AÑsâbpw A½-bp-sSbpw am\knI hyY-IÄ A\m-h-cWw sN¿p-¶p. aq¶mw `mK¯v \nd-h-b-dp-ambn Ae-ªp-\-S-¡p¶
\t§-a¡
- p-«n-bpsS Zpcn-XI
- Y hnh-cn-¡p-¶p. \memw-`mKamWv ]mT-`m-Kw. \nd-hb
- d
- p-ambn {]kh-th-Z\
- -bm Ipg-ªphoW \t§-a¡
- p-«nsb Btcm Xm§nsbSp¯v Bip-]{- Xn-bn-se-¯n¡p-¶p. Ahn-sS-sh¨v AhÄ Hcm¬Ip-ªn\v P·w \ÂIp-¶p. shfn¨w hoWp Nn´n-bt¸mÄ ]I¨ I®p-I-tfmsS Npäpw t\m¡nb \t§-a Ip«n-bpsS ap¶n-te¡v ]cn-Nm-cnI
Ipªp-am-sb-¯p-¶p.
""tXSp-¶-sX´p \o? `mKyþ
hXn-bmWp ktlm-Zcn
\sÃm-cm¬Ip-ªn-\-½- \o.''
Np« Hmtcm-«n³]p-d¯v BZy-ambn shÅw-ho-gp-¶-Xp-t]mse Cäp-ho-gp¶ B hm¡p-IÄ tI«t¸mÄ A½-bmb \t§-a-¡p-«n¡p I®n I®ocp s]m´n. kt´mjw sIm­mWv I®v
\nd-ªn-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶m-bn-cp¶p ]cn-Nm-cn-Ib
- psS Nn´. AhÄ Ipªns\ \t§-a¡p \o«n.
""A\p-{K-ln-¡pI aIs\
¸cn-Nm-cnI Ipªns\
A½-X³ t\sc \o«sh
\o­mepw \o­-Xn-ý þ
bv¡p®n-X³ t\À¡p I¿p-IÄ
`ocp It¿Â¡p-sa-§s\?''
ssI \o«m³ aSn-s¨-¦nepw Ah-fpsS A½-a-\kv Ipªn-te¡v ]d-¶p-sN-Ãp-¶p. XpSp¯
B Ipªv Ipªp-hmbv Xpd-¶p. Iªn-¡®p angn-¨p. ]t£ \t§-a-¡p-«n-bpsS I®pIÄ¡v H¶pw ImWm-\pÅ iàn t]mcm-bn-cp-¶p. B AÔ-Xsb sR«n¨p-sIm­v D®nbpsS Ic-¨n Ahsf DWÀ¯n. AhÄ Ipªns\ hm§n BZy-ambn ]meq-«p-¶p. amXmhmbtijw Xsâ Imap-I-s\-¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nn´ Hcp Zpjn¨ A\p-`-h-¯nsâ HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯embn AhÄ¡v. Xm³ \Sp-¡-S-en Hcp-]mSv tX§-bn ]nSn¨v Zqcw \o´n-¡-S-¡m³ {ian¡p-¶-h-fm-Wv. Xs¶-¡m¯v XpSp¯ Np­p-ambn tcmaw Ipcp¯ hncn-amdpw Xnf-§p¶
I®p-ambn At±lw A¡sc \n¡p-¶p. Xpgªp Xpg-ªp-Sp¯p sNÃm³ {ian-¡p-t¼mÄ
Ah-fn \n¶-I-te-¡-I-te-¡-bmÄ amdn-t]m-Ip-¶p. Ft§m«pw \o´m³ iI-Xn-bn-ÃmsX
AhÄ \Sp-¡S- e
- n \n¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p. s]bvXp-sIm-­n-Sn-sh-«p¶ taLw t- ]mse Xsâ Aѳ
asämcp Ic-bn \n¡p-¶p-­v. tXhmcw ap«n-t¸m-b-Xn-\m ]«n-Wn-¡n« sa¿p-ambv t{]Xwt]mse Hc-½bpw Ft§m-«pw, BcpsS A-cn-In-te¡pw \o´m³ AhÄ¡m-bn-Ã. AhÄ¡v
iàn-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p. Ah-cpsS kvt\l-¯n hnizm-k-an-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.
""]nt¶m¡w \o´n-\m-fm-cpþ
anÃm¯ Ic-bn kzbw
sN¶-Sn-ªo-Sp-hm-\-hÄ
\nÝ-ew, hnP\w aqIw
]I-en-Ãm¯ `qan-bnÂ
cm{Xn-bn-Ãm¯ `qan-bnÂ''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
46
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
GIm-´-Po-hnXw e£y-an-Ãm¯ Ne-\-§Ä \ndª It®msS Xsâ Nn´-IÄ hn«v AhÄ
Ipªnsâ apJ-t¯¡p t\m¡p-¶p.
""A½bv¡o \o´-en³ e£yþ
ap®o \obm-bn-cp-¶p-t]mÂ!
A½ Pm{K-X-sIm-Åth
Icªp ]n©p ssIImÂIþ
sfdnªpw sIm­p-d-¡s\
X³ aSn-¯-«n-tem-a-\.''
kXy-am-bn-cp¶p AXv. ]e-t¸mgpw Bß-lX
- y-sb-¡p-dn¨v Nn´n-¨-hf
- mWv \t§-a¡
- p-«n. ]Xn\memw hb-Ên acWw sImXn¨ s]¬In-Smhv. kvt\ln¨ ]pcp-j³ Ahsf ssIhn-Sm³
X¿m-dm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
""\t§ta \ns¶ Rm\n«v
t]mtam-bn-s¡« `qan-bnÂ
t]mcp-sI³ IqSn-tbm-at\''
F¶-bmÄ hnfn-¨X
- m-Wv. ]t£ hmÕ-ey-\n-[n-If
- mb Xsâ AÑ-\½amsc-¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½
\t§-eI
- p-«nsb AXnÂ\n¶p ]n³Xn-cn-¸n-¨p. C¶o `qan-bn X\n-¨-eb
- m³ Ahsf hn«Xpw
AhÄ c£-bm-Ip-sa¶v sImXn-¨p. AtX AÑ\pw A½-bp-amWv C¶-hÄ¡v Ipªnsâ
apJ¯v t\m¡n Ht¶ ]d-bm-\p-Åq.
""Ic-bm³ th­n-bm-WtÃm
Iptª ]ndhn `qan-bnÂ
\n\-¡p-a-dnbmw IY.
Cu¼p-I-½nª CÃtÃm
hmgvhne-½bv¡p \ÂIphm³
a[pcw thsd-sbm-¶pta
Ipªn³ s\dp-I-bn sXm«p
XtemSn Xmb-bn-§s\
\ns¶-¡-t¿Â¡p-ao-iz-c³''
At¸mÄ PK-Zo-i³ Pohn-X-¯nsâ sIm¼¯p I¬an-gn-¡p¶ ]q¡-fn ap¯p-I-bm-bncp¶p F¶v Ihn ]-d-bp-¶p.
kv{XobpsS Nnc-´\ Zpc-´-¯n\v sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb am\w Cu sNdp-Ir-Xn-bn-eqsS
Hf-¸-a® \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
khn-ti-j-amb coXn-bn AÀ°w s]men-¸n-s¨-Sp-t¡­ hcn-IÄ¡n-S-bn hmbn¨v
AÀ°w {Kln-t¡­ At\Iw kµÀ`-§Ä Ihn hfsc kaÀ°-ambn Imhyi-co-c-¯nÂ
k¶n-th-in-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p.
\t§-a¡
- p-«n-bpsS PohnXw Ah-fpsS I¿nÂ\n¶v hn«p-t]m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p F¶pw AXv
A\n-Ýn-XX
- z-¯n Bbn-cn-¡p¶p F¶pw kqNn-¸n-¡m³ "Imä-¯n-s«m-cp ]pkvXIw' F¶
{]tbm-K-¯n\v Ign-bp-¶p. A½ Ccn-¡p-¶Xv ZpxJ-¯nsâ I«-t]msebmsW-¦n Aѳ
ssht¡mÂIp-­-nse Xot]mse Bfn-t]m-Ip-¶p. Ccp-Iq-«-cp-sSbpw at\m-`m-h-§Ä hyàam-¡m³ hyXykvX _nw_-§Ä¡v Ign-bp-¶p. ZpxJ-¯n Ign-bp¶ Iq«nse ]pen F¶
{]tbmKw hgn AÑsâ tIm]-¯nsâ £Wn-IX, \njv{]-tbm-P-\-X, \nÊ-lm-bX F¶n-hsbÃmw hyà-am-Wv.
aIÄ KÀ`n-Wn-bmb \mÄsXm«v AhÄ ]Sn-b-S¨v ]pd-¯m-¡p-¶-Xp-h-sc-bpÅ IpSpw_m-´-co-£¯
-- nsâ Iep-j-Nn{Xw amXm-]n-Xm-¡-fpsS ssh¢-_y-w, A]-hm-Z-`bw, \nÊ-lmbX F¶o `mh-§Ä hyRvPn¸n-¡m³.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
47
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""aI-fn-ïp ]mÀ¡p¶p
hoÀ¡p¶p Nne \mfp-IÄ
Atcm-NI atcm-NIw F¶m-Wv.''
c­mw JÞ-¯nsâ BZyw hmÕeyw Ipä-t_m[w ZpxJw ]Ým-¯m]w XpS-§nb `mh§sf Ihn hyRvPn-¸n-¡p-¶p. a\p-jyÀ krjvSn¨ \ncÀ°-IX F¶n-h-sbÃmw kqNn-¸n¡p-¶p. ZpxJ-¯nsâ ]mc-ay-¯nÂ\n¶v A½ km[m-c-W\n-e-bnse¯p¶p. F¶m AÑ\-Xn\v Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. F¶-Xns\ sImSp-¦m-äp-e-ªn«pw acw IS-]p-g-Ip-hm³ Iq«m-¡m-¯X
- p-amXncn F¶-Xn-eqsS [z\n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
""-Xo-]n-Sn¨ shfn-s¨®
t]mse \t§a \n¶p-t]mbv
Xobq-cm\psa-¶nsb''
Bcpw klm-b-¯n-\n-ÃmsX acn-¡m³ t]mepw Ign-bm¯ \t§-a-bpsS kÀh-Zpx-J-§fpw
Cu hcn-I-fn-ep-­v. Bip-]{Xn hn« AhÄ¡v.
""X´-bn-Ãm¯ B Ipªnsâ
XÅ! C¯p-Wn-sIm­p \o
]pX-¸n¡ Ipªns\''
F¶p t]än¨n I\nªp sImSp¯ XpWn-sIm­v Ipªns\ ]pX-¸n¨v AhÄ Cd§n
\S¶p F¶v Ihn ]d-bp-¶p. kap-l-¯nsâ apgp-h³ ]cn-lm-k-hpw, Icp-Wbpw, Ipä-s¸-Sp¯epw Cu hcn-IÄ¡p-Ån Hfn-¸n-¨n-«p-­v. ssI¡p-ªp-­m-bXp ImcWw I¿n-Ãm-Xmb
AhÄ F§s\ Pohn¡pw? Hcn-¡ÂIqSn CÃ-¯n-sâ ]Sn-I-b-dnb \t§a Ipªns\ D½d-¯n-®-bn sh¨v CÃ-¡p-f-¯n A`bw tXSp-¶p. Ipªnsâ Ic-¨nÂtI«v \t§-a-sbhnsS F¶ At\z-j-W-¯n\v adp-]Sn ]d-ª-Xv. AtX tNmZyw Xs¶ tNmZn¨ Ipf-¯nse
Ipan-f-I-fm-Wv.
""shÅ-¯n³aosX \me©p
s]mÅw s]m«p-¶-sX-§ns\
\t§ta! t]mb-sX§p \o!''
C¶pw \ap-¡n-Sb
- n tZi-Im-em-\p-km-cn-If
- mb ]p-Xnb ]pXnb \t§-a¡
- p-«n-amÀ ]pXnb Iemcq-]-`m-h-§-tfmsS Pohn-¨n-cn-¸p-­v. C¶-hsc ImWp-¶p. \msf-b-hsc ImWm-sX-bm-hp-¶p.
\t§-a-¡p«n Hcp JÞ-Im-hy-sa-¶-Xn-ep-]cn kwLÀjm-ß-I-X-IÄ \ndª Hcp
\mS-Iob Imhy-am-Ip-¶p. km[m-c-Wo-Ir-X-amb kw`-h-§sf km[m-c-W-¡m-cmb IYm-]m{X-§-fpsS No¯-hr-¯n-I-fn-eqsS hnI-kz-c-am-¡p-¶p. Hf-¸-a-®-bpsS IhnXzw ]cn-]-Iz-amIp-¶Xv AhÄ Pohn-X-§-fpsS BJym-\-¯n-em-Ip-¶p. bm{´n-I-amb Pohn-X-N-cy-IÄ¡n-Sbnepw Xo{h-am-bXpw Xo£vW-am-b-Xp-amb hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-§Ä¡n-S-bnepw DS¡n \n¡p¶
a\-Êp-IÄ¡v Poh-Im-cpWyw, kzm´z\w, a\p-jy-Xz-]qÀÆ-I-amb kao-]\w, klm-\q-`qXn
F¶nh A\y-am-Ip-¶p. A¯-cs
- am-ch
- Ø
- b
- n a\p-jy-a\
- Ê
- ns\ BÀ{Z-am-¡m-\m-hp¶p F¶XmWv \t§-a-¡p-«n-bpsS {]kàn. Hf-¸-a®bpsS Ihn-X-bpsS `mh-s]m-cp¯w ]qÀ®ambn ssIh-cn-¡p-¶Xv \t§aIp«n-bn-em-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
48
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
v
.
bqWnäv þ 4
]n. `mkvI-c³
""hnÃm-fn-bmWp Rm³ Pohn-X-ku-µcy
hÃIn ao«-e-sÃsâ e£yw''
F¶ {]Jym-]-\-t¯msS \mev]-Xp-I-fpsS Bcw-`-¯n Imhy-cw-K-t¯-¡v IS-¶p-h¶ ]n.`m-kvI-c³ -A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv `mkvI-c³am-Ì-dm-bn-«m-Wv. Ihnbpw Xnc-¡-Ym-Ir¯pw Km\cNbnXmhpw \S\pw BIm-i-hmWn A\u¬kdpw kn\n-am-kw-hn-[m-b-I\pw _p²n-Po-hnbpw
FÃm-amb _lp-ap-J-{]-Xn` Ihn-X -ho-W-hm-b-\-bÃ, ka-c-]-cn-]m-Sn-bmWv F¶v hniz-kn-¸n¡p-Ibpw hniz-kn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm­v Hcp-Im-e¯v Gähpw DuÀÖ-kz-e-amb cWm-¦W-I-hn-X-I-fn-eqsS {it²-b-\m-bn-¯oÀ¶ Ihn-bm-bn-cp¶p ]n. `mkvI-c³.
""hncyw XpÅn-¯p-fp¼pw hmft{X
hoW-b-Ãn-s¶³ XqenI'' F¶-t±lw Iuam-cw-I-S-¶p-I-gn-ªn-«n-Ãm-¯-Ime¯v {]Jym-]n-¨p. ]n¶oSv
""Ic-hm-fp-hn-sämcp aWn-s]m³ho-W -hm-§n¨v'' Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS ambn-I-Xbn-te¡v {]th-in-¨p. F¦nepw t{]a-s¯-¸än ]mSm³ apc-fn-I-sb-Sp-¡p-t¼m-tg¡v t{]X§Ä Npäpw h¶v ]Ãn-fn-¡pI F¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p At±-l-¯nsâ A\p-`-hw.
1954-þÂ cmap-Im-cym-«n-s\m¸w kwhn-[m\w sNbvX \oe-¡p-bn-emWv kn\n-am-tem-I¯nse At±-l-¯nsâ BZys¯ ImÂsh-bv]v. hnÃm-fn, cW-t`-cn, hb-emÀ KÀÖn-¡p¶p,
aÀ±n-X³, HmS-¡p-gepw em¯nbpw, Rmä-vth-e-¸q-¡Ä, ]pg ]ns¶bpw Hgp-Ip¶p, apÄ¡n-coSw, k{X-¯n Hcp cm{Xn, HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸m-gpw, apJ-t¯m-Sp-ap-Jw, Hä-I-¼n-bpÅ Xw_p-cp
F¶n-h-bmWv {][m\ IrXn-IÄ.
Hä-I-¼n-bpÅ Xw_pcp F¶ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lmcw 1982-þÂ kmlnXy A¡m-Zan
AhmÀUpw Kpcp-hm-bq-c-¸³ {SÌnsâ HmS-¡p-g AhmÀUpw t\Sn.
HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸mgpw
]q¡mew hnXm-\n¨ Ip¶n³ ]pd-§-fn ]­s¯ cmPm-hnsâ IY-IÄ ]d-ªpsIm­v Npän-b-Sn¨ c­v sIm¨m-ßm-¡Ä hfÀ¶p. Bbncw kz]v\-§sf ]ngnªv Nmbw
sIm­p-am-bm¯ k¦-ev]-§Ä a\-Ên hc-¨p. CS-¡nsS aqI-cmbn \n¶v s\SphoÀ¸n-SpIbpw sNbvXp. A]r-Y-Km-i-b-cmbn XoÀ¶ B bph-an-Yp-\-¯n H¶v kv{Xo, ]cn-Wn-X-bmbn
hcsâ Krl-¯n-te¡v t]mIp-¶p. Ahsc bm-{X-bm-¡p-¶X
- mWv hnj-bw. Akm-[m-c-W-ambn
H¶pw CXn-enà F¦nepw Ihn-bpsS hyàn-ap{Z AXn ]Xn-ª-t¸mÄ Ne-\hpw ssNX-\yhp-ambn XoÀ¶p B cwKw. `qX-Imew apgp-h³ DuÀ¶p-IqSn Hcp I\¯ I®p-\oÀ XpÅnbmbn ASÀ¶phogm³ \n¡p-Ib
- m-Wv. ]c-k]
v cw H¶pw ]d-bm-\nÃ, ]d-tb-­X
- p-anÃ. F¶n«pw
HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸mgpw F¶ B ]Xn-hp-hm¡pIÄ IS-en-te¡v IS-emkv tXmWn-IÄt]mse
Ihn Cd-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Ime-¯nsâ BZys¯ Ae Ahsb X«n-X-IÀ¡mw; AYhm Ipd-¨pZqcw t]mtb-¡mw. c­m-bmepw A´yw H¶p-X-s¶. hrYm-Øq-ehpw A\-h-k-c-hp-amb B
s]m´³hm-¡p-Isf BhÀ¯n-¨p-Xs¶ kvt\ln-¡-s¸-Sp-hm-\pÅ a\p-jym-ßm-hnsâ Zmlw
apgp-h³ [z\n-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. A\p-hm-NI lrZ-b-¯nepw AXv kvt\l-Zmlw Ip¯n-sh-¡p¶p. Ahn-sS-sh¨v a\p-jy-lr-Zbw Isö hnizm-kw-aqew Ihn hnc-an-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
Xo{h-hn-Im-c-io-e-\mb Hcp Ihns¡ CXp km[n-¡q. Xo{h-hn-Im-c-ap-­m-h-W-sa-¦nÂ, kz´w
lrZ-b-¯n \Jw Xmgv¯nb hnj-b-§-fm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
49
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
B´-cn-Im-\p-`h
- §
- Ä ZoÀL-§f
- m-bmepw {lkz-§f
- m-bmepw icn, Ah-bn B­v ap§m³
Ign-bW
- w. ]n. `mkvIc
- \
- m-Is« \nan-j§
- fpsS A\p-`h
- §
- f
- n B­p-ap-§p-¶ Ihn-bm-W.v ss\anjn-Im-\p-`h
- §
- t- fm-SpÅ Xocm-t{]-aw. hoc-aW
- n-bpsS amÀ NqSp-t]mse Cu Dev¡S hnIm-ci
- oew
HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸m-gp-sa¶ Ihn-Xm-ka
- m-lm-c¯
- n DS-\ofw \odn-\odn \n¡p-¶p.
]mT-`mKw
hnhm-ln-X-bmbn hoSp-hn-«p-t]m-Ip¶ Ifn-¡q-«p-Im-cnsb bm{X-bm-¡m³ _Ôp-¡Äs¡m-¸sa-¯nb Ifn-¡q-«p-Im-c-\mb Imap-Isâ lrZ-b-¯nsâ hn§epw hyYbpw tNÀ¶v Hgp-In-h¶-XmWv "HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸m-gpw'.
""bm{X-bm-¡p¶p kJo
\ns¶ Rm³ au\-¯nsâ
t\À¯ ]«p-\q s]m«n
¨nXdpw ]Z-§-fmÂ
Ic-bm-\p-g-doSpw
I®p-IÄ Xmgv¯n-s¡m­p
hc-t\m-sSm¸w \obm
h­n-bn-en-cn-¡pt¼mÄþ
hm¡n\p hne-]nSn
t¸dpao kµÀ`-¯nÂ
HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸mgp
sa¶-Ãm-sX-t´mXpw Rm³
Cu hm¡v shdpw-hm-¡m-sW¶ t_m[w Ihn-¡p-­v. X\n-¡p-Np-äp-apÅ P\w Xsâ
lrZbs\m¼cw Xncn-¨d
- n-bp-¶n-Ã. AhÀ Xnc-¡n-em-Wv. InX-s¨-¯p¶ Xoh-­n-bn Ibdm³
Sn¡-äp-hm-§m-\pÅ Xn¡pw Xnc¡pw. s]«nbpw InS-¡bpw `mÞhpw hmcn-¡q«n FÃm-hcpw
Fhn-tS-¡mWv C{X [rXn ]nSn¨v t]mIp-¶-Xv? Xsâ Bßm-hn\v am{Xta Zp:Jap-Åq.
""t]mIp-hm-s\m-tc-Shpþ
anÃmsX hln-¨nSpw
`oIc `mcw sXsÃmþ
¶nd-¡n-\n-S-at\y''
\n¡p¶ Ihn Xsâ Zp:J`m-cs¯ Ah-fpsS au\-kz-]v\-¯nsâ \uI-bn-te¡v HmÀ¡pI
hÃ-t¸mgpw F¶ c­p-hm-¡p-IÄ tNÀ¯v Ib-än-sh-¡p-¶p. \h-Z-¼-Xn-IÄ¡v `mhp-I-am-iwkn-¡m³ kt´m-j-t¯msS IqSn-\n¡p¶ _Ôpan{Xm-Zn-IÄ k¼-¯nsâ a¨n-te-¡mWv
aIsf Ab-¡p-¶-sX-¶mepw kt´m-j-k-´m-]-`m-c-¯m I¬]oen \\ªv bm{X-sNmÃp¶ Ah-fpsS A½bv¡pw AÑ\pw kl-NÀ¡pw ap¶n (ho-f) `mc-t¯msS \{a-in-ckvIb
- mbn , \ni-_Zv b
- mbn Ccn-¡p-¶ AhÄ I¿nse Ifn-s¨-­n \J-¯m \pÅns¡m­ncn-¡p-t¼mÄ HmÀ¡p-¶-sX-´m-hmw.
""Fs´m-s¡-bmhmw kJo
\o lrZn Xmtem-en¡pw
Nn´-Isfs´m-s¡tbm
\o ImWpw In\m-hp-IÄ?
BZys¯ cP-\n-X³
taml-\-kva-c-Wtbm
Im¯p-\n¡pam \hy
Pohn-X-s¸m-en-atbm
B[p-\n-I IhnX
50
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
AhÄ HmÀ¡p-¶Xv F´p-am-Is«, Ihn ]s£ Ahn-tSbv¡v Fdn-bp-¶Xv HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸mgpw
F¶ c­p hm¡p-IÄ am{X-am-Wv. Xsâ hm¡p-Isf Iman-\n-bn-te¡v hen-s¨-dn-bp-t¼mgpw
B hm¡p-If
- nse hyÀ°-t_m[w Ihn-bn \nd-ªp-\n¡p-¶p. acn-¡p¶ kvarXn-If
- n-emWv
Cu temIw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. ad-¡m³ ]Tn-¨-XmWv Cu temI-¯nsâ t\«w. ad-hn-bn-Ãm¯
temI-ap-­m-bm AhnsS a[p-cn-¡p¶ HmÀ½-I-fp-­m-hnà F¦nepw ]d-bmsX h¿.
""hyÀ°-am-bm-hÀ¯n¸q
{hWnX {]Xo-£-bmÂ
aÀ¯y-\n-¸Zw c­pw
HmÀ¡pI hÃ-t¸m-gpw''.
\njv^-ew, \ncm-ew-_w, \ncÀ°w ad-hn-bp-tS-Xmb Cu temI-¯nsâ ]pjv]-ho-Yn-bnÂ
c­p apÅp-IÄ]m-Imt\ Cu hm¡p-IÄ sIm­m-hq. sam«ns\ sI«n¸n-Sn-¨p½sh¨pWÀ¯p¶ aWn-s¯-¶epw ]pW-cm³ ]msª-¯nb Hmtcmtcm Xnc-tbbpw sI«n-¸n-Sn-¡p¶
aWÂXo-chpw CtX hm¡p-IÄ BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv.
""ad-¡nà Hcp-\mfpw
IjvSa IÅw tI«p
Nncn¸q IS¡mäp
I®p s]m¯p¶p Xmcw''
IÅ-am-sW-¶-dn-ªmepw Xsâ ]cn-NnX temI-¯nse kI-ehpw ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dp¶Xv
Cu c­p-hm-¡p-IÄ am{Xw. thZ-\a
- pän \n¡p¶ thÀ]n-cn-b kÔn-bn AhÄ ]p©ncn-¨pImWm-\mWv Ihn CjvSs
- ¸-Sp-¶-Xv. AXn-\m AhÄ HmÀt¡-­Xv \à HmÀ½-I-sf-bmWv. ]­s¯ ImSpw taSpw ]q¡mew hnXm-\n¨ B Ip¶n³]p-d-§fpw AhnsS ]­s¯
cmPm-hnsâ IY-IÄ ]d-ªp-\S- ¶ c­p sIm¨m-ßm-¡f
- p-­mbn-cp¶p F¶ Ip«n-¡m-e¯
- nsâ
HmÀ½-IÄ Imew amdn buÆ\w h¶-Wª
t- ¸mÄ ]c-k]
v cw ]¦p-sh-¨p-If
- n¨ kpµ-ch
- mKvZm\§Ä Bbncw kz]v\-§sf ]ngnª Nmbw-sIm­v a\-Ên hc-¨p-tNÀ¯ kpµ-c-k-¦e
- v]§Ä, hmI-¸q-hnsâ aW-ae
- n-bp¶ B amt´m-¸nse a²ym-Ó¯v ]c-k]
v cw ssIam-dnb {]Wb-Nn-´p-IÄ, CS¡v aqI-ambn t\m¡n-s¡m-­v ssI-am-dnb NpSp-s\-Sp-hoÀ¸p-IÄ, Adn-bm-sXbpw
Adnªpw ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dn-b- ssh-Im-cnI \nan-j-§Ä Ch-bmWv Ah-fpsS `mkp-cZ- m-¼Xy-¯nsâ aWn-ta-S-bn sskzc-ambn hmgpt¼mÄ AhÄ HmÀ¯p-hb
- vt¡-­X
- v.
Cu HmÀ½-IÄ ssIam-dns¡m­n-cnt¡ h­n \o§p-¶p. sshIn-h¶ bm{Xn-IÀ h­nbn-te¡v IpXn-¨p-Ib
- d- p-¶p. Nqfw hnfn-¨p-sIm­v kz´-sa¶p Icp-Xn-bX
- n-s\-sbÃmw IhÀs¶Sp-¯p-sIm­v h­n IpXn-¨p-]m-bp-t¼mÄ Ihn AhnsS XfÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. C\n Xsâ HmÀ½Isf sX¡³Im-änsâ I¿n c­p ]\n-\oÀ Zf-§f
- mbn AhÄ¡v sImSp-¯b
- ¡
- mt\ Ign-bq.
"GI-\m-bv, \njv]-µ\m þ
bhy-à-Nn´m `mc'
Zq\-\m-bp-c¸p Rm³
hmbp-thm-SXp am{Xw
AIse ]pd-s¸«
aWn-\m-Z¯
- m¡mew
hnIew Nncn-¡p¶p
sh¦nep sa³hm-¡p-IÄ
CSdpw sX¡³ Imän³
IWvT-¯n-en-cn-¸Xp þ
­SÀ¶p ]mdpw c­p
]\n-\oÀ Ze-§Ä t]mÂ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
51
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
HmÀ½-IÄ \jvS-s¸-«p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶, kvt\l-¯nsâ ]¨-¸n\v Imfna ]SÀ¶p-t]mb
Cu temI-¯n\v, \jvS-s¸« HmÀ½-Isf Xnc-ªp-]n-Sn-¡m-\pÅ Hcm-lzm-\-amWv "HmÀ¡pI
hÃ-t¸mgpw'. Hcp Imap-Isâ Pev]-\s
- a-¶-Xn-\¸
- pdw ssIhn-«p-t]mb \à Ime-¯nsâ HmÀ½I-fn-te¡v Xnc-ªp-sN-Ãm\pw a[pcw \pI-cm\pw Cu IhnX {]tNm-Z\w \ÂIp-¶p.
hb-emÀ cma-hÀ½ þ kÀ¤-kw-KoXw
ae-bm-f-I-hn-Xbv¡v ]pXn-b-iàn kuµ-cy-§Ä ]IÀ¶p-X¶ Ihn-bmWv hb-emÀ
cma-hÀ½. aq¶p Zim-_vZ-Imew ae-bmf Imhy-cw-K¯p {]hÀ¯n¨ At±lw X\-Xmb Hcp
Imhy-{]-]©w krjvSn-¨p.- a-Xw, ]mc-¼cyw, Zpc-`n-am\w F¶nh Pnhn-X-¯n-t\¸n-¡p¶
BLm-X-s¯bpw sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶-ev]n-t\bpw ]pXnb a\-jysâ apt¶ä-s¯bpw Ai-c-W-cpsS [À½-k-¦-S-§-tfbpw ]än lrZ-tbm³a-Zn-bmbn ]mSnb Ihn-bmWv
hb-emÀ. kvt\ln-¡-bnà Rm³ t\mhp-am-ßm-hns\ kvt\ln-¨n-Sm-s¯mcp XXz-im-kv{Xt¯bpw'' Xm³ F¶ {]kvXmhw hb-emÀ Ihn-X-I-fn-emsI Aán-\m-f-§-fmbn ]SÀ¶n-cp¶p.
kaq-l¯
- nse hnj-hn-¯p-If
- mb s{]m{I-Ìk
- p-Isf AaÀ¨ sN¿m-s\-¯nb sXkyqkns\ hc-th¡p¶ hb-emÀ, kvt\ln-¡-bnà Rm³ ]ptcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy-{]-Øm-\¯nsâ Aa-c-¡m-cn Hcm-fm-bn-cp-¶p. CS-Xp-]-£-{]-Øm-\-¯n-t\mSv F¶pw Iqdp ]peÀ¯nbn-cp¶ Cu Ihn¡v sIm´bpw ]qWqepw F¶ kam-lm-c-¯n-eqsS hn¹-h-I-hn-bmbn
AwKo-Ir-X-\m-Ip-t¼mÄ shdpw 22 hbÊv am{Xw.. tZho-hn-{K-lw, sIm´bpw ]qWqepw,
Keo-en-tbm, ]i-bp-Å-h-c-¼v, Adp-sIm-e-b-½m-h³, h¶nà Xd-hm-Snsâ am\w, C¯m¸ncn, Hcp ssZhwIqSn F¶o kam-lm-c-§-fn-se-Ãmw -a-X-sa¶ ab-¡p-a-cp¶ns\Xnsc Ipcnip-bp²w {]Jym-]n-¨p.
IptN-e³, Ipª³\m-bÀ c­p ]m«p-IÄ, Bhn h­n, ]p¶{] hb-emÀ kwkvImc-¯nsâ \mfp-IÄ, càw ]pc-­ Km\w, Igp-a-c-§-fpsS IY sXep-¦m-\-bnse A½ apXemb Ihn-X-I-sfÃmw hn¹h a{´-W-§-fm-Wv. \ne-hnepÅ Zpjn¨ hyh-Øn-Xn-tbmSv
FXnÀ¸pw shdp¸pw DWÀ¯m³th­n aÀ±n-Xsâ ssZ\yhpw Zp:Jhpw am{X-aà tbm²mhnsâ Cudbpw hodpw At±-l-¯nsâ Imhy-{]-ta-b-§-fm-bn.
N§¼pg-bpsS ]mX ]n³Xp-SÀ¶v Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn-sb-¦nepw t{]as¯ Imev]-\n-Iamb ]cn-th-j-t¯m-sS-bà hb-emÀ Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Ahn-sSbpw hn¹h k¦Ât]mNn-X-amb bmYmÀ°y-t_m-[-ap-­v.
""Rms\mcp ca-Wsâ hnUvVn¯w ImWn-¡n-öpw
......-km-aq-ly-L-S\ X³I-gp-¯n Npän-sI-«m³
IbÀ Rms\-Sp-t¯¡mw hÀ²-IÀs¡mcp
sIme-¡-b-dm-bXp ]pf-ª-e-dnNn-cn-t¨¡pw''
F¶p hodp-Im-«p¶ IYm-]m-{X-§-tfm-SmWv hb-em-dnsâ Iqdpw GXp Zp:Js¯-¸än ]mSpt¼mgpw a®nse a\p-jy-cn-te¡v Cd-§n-h-c-W-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p Ihn-bpsS \nÀ_-Ôw.
Ihn-X-¡m-e¯v ]m«ns\ Ihn-X-bn-e-e-bn-¸n¨ Ihn ]m«p-Im-e¯v Ihn-Xsb ]m«n-ee
- bn-¸n-¨p. `mh-[z-\-X-sa¶ aueo-I-Im-hy-[À½w Ft¸mgpw Xsâ ]m«p-I-fn ]men-¡m³
Ign-ª-XmWv Km\-cN-bn-Xmhv F¶ \nebv¡v hb-em-dn\v AXyp-¶X Øm\w t\Sn sImSp¯-X.v
B[p-\n-I IhnX
52
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hb-emÀ IrXn-IÄ
]mZ-ap-{Z-IÄ- (1948) sIm´bpw ]qWqepw (1950), Bbnj (1954) F\n¡v ac-W-anÃ
(1955-) -ap-f-¦m-Sv (1955) Hcp PqUmkv P\n-¡p-¶p (1955) Fsâ amsämen Ihn-X-IÄ (1957),
kÀ¤-kw-Ko-Xw- (1961), kam-lc
- n-¡m¯ 31 Ihn-X-IÄ, kl-{km-[n-I-amb kn\n-am-Km-\-§Ä.
hn-¹h
- m-ßI
- X \ndªp \n¡p¶ A´-co-£-¯nÂ\n¶v BÀj-`m-cX kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ
]g-a-bn-te¡v Xsâ IhnXz _oPw At\z-jn¨v Xncn-s¨-¯p-¶ Ihn-bmWv kÀ¤-kw-Ko-X¯n \ap¡p ImWm-\m-hp-\\
- -Xv. Xm\n-Xp-hsc hnizkn¨ {]Xy-bim-kv{X-§f
- n AXnsâ
XXz-Zo-£-I-fn hnizmkw \jvS-s¸« Ihn Xsâ ]mc-¼-cy-¯n-te¡v AXnsâ Iem-ß-I-Xbn-te¡v Xncn-s¨-¯p-¶p.
""hmf-ó ka-cm-bp[w QW -QW
[zm\w apg-¡o-Sphm \msf-só
Ic-hm-fp-hn-sämcp aWn þ
s¸m³ hoW hm§n¨p Rm³''
F¶ Xncn-¨-dnhv Ihn lrZ-bs¯ t{]a-h-Ã-cn-bn Duªm-em-Sn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ lrZ-bs¯
ssN-X-\y-h¯
- m-¡nb ZÀi\w ]­v Bc-Wym-´-c-§-fnepw sskÔh ]pfn\ {]m´-{]-tZ-i§-fnepw A´Àap-J-cmbn X]-k-\pjvTn¨, {]Ir-Xn-bn hnebw -{]m-]n¨ AtX ]qÀÆn-I-cptS-Xp-Xs¶ F¶v Ihn Is­-¯p-¶p. A¶-hÀ a¬sa-¯-I-fn InS¶v a[p-c-kz-]v\-§Ä
I­v Pohn-X-t{]-a¯
- nsâ kma-Km\w ]mSn lÀjm-©n-X]
- p-f-In-X-cmb Bßm-¡-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
"B a\y-´c `mh-in-ev]n-Isf\n þ
s¡t¶-¡p-ambv X¶Xm þ
tWma ImÀ¯nI s\bv hnf-s¡-cn-bpao
tbIm´ bmKm-{iaw'
\mZw (Km-\w) iq\y-X-bn BZym-arXw hÀjn¨ \mfnÂ, itXm³amZw hniz-]-ZmÀ° imebn-sem-cn-S-s¯m-¶mbv XpSn¨oSth BZm-ln¨p hnSÀ¶ Poh IenIm Pme-§-fn Imew
ZÀin¨ ckm-\p-`qXn Xsâ ]m\ ]m{X-¯n-te¡p IqSn ]I-cp-I F¶v Ihn ]d-bp-¶p.
Hmtcm Poh-I-W-¯n-\p-Ån-ep-ap-WÀþ
¶p±o-]vX-ambv [À½-kw-kvþ
Imtcm-]m-k\ iànbmbv. Nnc-Xþ
k¦ev] kt¦-X-ambn
Hmtcm amkva-c-tem-Ihp:­Xnse\nþ
s¡¶-´c
- m-ßm-hn-seþ
t¯tcm-Sn-¡W
- -sasâ Imhy-Ie
- -sbþ
sIm­m-Ip-thmfw hsc.
hmfà Xsâ ka-cm-bp-[s
- a¶v Ihn Xncn-¨d
- n-bp¶p. AXn-\m Xsâ Ic-hmfp hnäv Ihn aWns]m³hoW hm§p-¶p. Xmfw, cmK-e-bw, -{ip-Xn, kzcw F¶n-h-bv¡-ÃmsX H¶n\pw C\n
Xsâ t{]a-XoÀ°-§-fn Hmf-¡p-¯p-IÄ XoÀ¡m-\m-hnà F¶pw Ihn Adn-bp-¶p-­v.
HmW-t¡mSn sRmdn-ªp-Sp¯p Iap-In³
s]m³ ]q¡p-e-NmÀ¯p-ambv
{]mW-t{]-b-kn, Imhy-I-\y, Ihn-fþ
s¯m¶p½ h¨o-Sth
B[p-\n-I IhnX
53
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
hoW-¼n-IÄ ao«n am\-h-a-t\mþ
cmPy-§-fn sN¶p Rm³
\mW-¯nsâ Infn-¡p-¶p-IÄ¡p-\n-dsb
¸mZ-Êcw \ÂIp-hm³
XpSÀ¶v BÀj-`m-cX kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ h]p-Êp-IÄ Xsâ Ihn-X-bn DÄt¨À¡p-¶p.
X¶nse ImS-¯s¯ a\-Ên-en«v Ihn-bmbn amäp¶ hmßo-Ihpw HmS-¡p-g-ensâ Ko-X-sbgpXn kq£n¨ s]mt¶m-ebpw tImS-¡mÀ \nc sIm­p-h¶ a\p-jym-ßm-hnsâ I®o-cpambn aqSÂa-ªn ab§n ]q¯p-\n¡p¶ h\-tPym-Õ-\bpw Xsâ Ihn-X-bn-ep­v. (cmam-b-Ww, `K-h-XvKo-X, imIp-´fw F¶o ]pcm-W-Ir-Xn-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ kqN-\) C\n Xsâ
bm{X ]ptcm-Ka
- -\-]-c-amb Bth-i-§-fn-tet¡m ka-c-§-fn-tet¡m AXnsâ kwLÀj-`-cnX-amb kml-N-cy-§-fn-tet¡m AÃ, Ie-bpsS kÀKm-ß-I-amb A\p-`q-Xn-bn-te-¡m-Wv.
Rm\o-Öm-e-I-hm-Xn-en³ sNdp-ap-fþ
´­n sRmdn-ªn-«-Xmþ
Wo \oe-Xp-In imc-tZ-µp-I-esb
¸mhmS NmÀ¯n-¡p-hm³
lm\nXyw Nnd-In-«-Sn¨p NnXdn
¡odn-¸-d-¸n-¨pthm
Rm³ kÀ¤ X] kam-[n-bn-en-cn-þ
¡pt¼mÄ sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ
Xm³ IqSn Gsä-Sp¯ ka-c¯
- n-sâbpw kwLÀj-¯n-sâbpw XoPzm-e-IÄ hn«v Xsâ Ihn-XbpsS kÀ¤m-\p-`q-Xn-bn-te¡v Ihn¡v Xncn-s¨-¯m-\m-hp¶p. AXnsâ kuµ-cy-¯n apgpIm\m-hp-¶p. ]t£ X\n¡p Npäp-w C-t¸mgpw sI«-S-§m¯ kwLÀj-¯nsâ Ae-sbm-en-IÄ
Ihn tIÄ¡p-¶p. Xm³ kz]v\w ImWp¶ kuµ-cym-\p-`q-Xn-bpsS temIw X¶n \ns¶{Xtbm AI-eb
- mWv F¶v ]pds¯ sImSp-¦m-äp-IÄ kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p­v F¶pw Ihn-¡d- n-bmw.
B sImSp-¦m-än-eg- n-ªp-eª NnSbpw Nn¡n-¡n-S¡
- p¶ ImSv A§n§p Nh-s¨-dnª ]qhpw
Xfncpw ]nS-bp-¶Xpw {]l-c-§-tfäp InSnew sImÅp-¶Xpw Ihn ImWp-¶p-­v F¦nepw
"ape-¸m-ep-ambv ]mSw \o´n-h-cp¶ þ
]uÀ®ao \n\-¡m-hs« KoXm-RvP-en.'
Cu IhnX Hcp Xncn-¨-dn-hmWv kKÀKm-ßI ssNX\yw. Cuiz-c-Ir-]-bm e`n¨ Hcphsâ hgn hn¹-h-¯n-tâ-Xà F¶pw Xm\n-Xp-hsc hniz-kn¨ hn¹-hm-i-b-§Ä¡v Xsâ
ZÀi-\-§-fpsS DÄImgvN e`n-¨n-«n-sÃ-¶p-apÅ Xncn-¨-dn-hv. Ht«sd hn¹h Km\-§-sf-gp-Xn
P\-§sf ka-c-ap-Js
- ¯-¯n-¡m³ Ign-ªX
- nsâ IrXmÀ°-X-bà Cu Ihn-bn-hnsS ImWn¡p-¶Xv. Xsâ ]mc-¼cyw X\n¡p ]IÀ¶p \ÂInb kÀKm-ßI kuµ-cys¯¡pdn¨pÅ Duäw sImÅ-em-Wv. GsXÃmw i_vZ-tIm-em-l-e-§Ä Xsâ kÀ¤-i-ànsb Cf-¡na-dn-¡m³ {ian-¨mepw hmÕ-ey-¯nsâ ape-¸m-ep-ambv Xs¶ tXSn-hc
- p¶ ]uÀ®-an-¡p-th­n
am{Xta Ihn KoXm-RvPen \ÂIp-¶p-Åp. C¯cw Xncn-¨-dnhnsâ t_m[w H.-F³.hn IhnX-I-fnepw \ap¡v Is­-¯m-\m-hpw.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
54
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
H.F³.hn Ipdp¸v
a®n-sâbpw a\p-jy-sâbpw Poh-iàn Bhm-ln-s¨-Sp¯v kz´w Xqen-I-bn-eqsS
Ah-X-cn-¸n¨v P\-k-½nXn t\Snb hn¹-hm-i-b-\mb Ihn-bmWv H.-F³.-hn. 1931 sabv 27-þ\v
Nh-d-bn P\n-¨p. km[m-cW a\p-jycpsS Zp:Jw kz´w Zp:Jam¡n amän-sb-Sp¯ Cu
Ihn Ime-¯nsâ kv]µ-\-§Ä icn¡pw Is­-dn-ªn-«p-­v. iànsb D]m-kn¨pw kmayhm-Zs¯ [\y-hmZw sNbvXpw P\-Io-b-ssi-en-bnepw kwKo-Xm-ß-I-X-bnepw IqSp-XÂ
{i²n¨pw Fgp-Xn-b-h-bm-Wv s]mXpsh H.-F³.hn bpsS Ihn-X-IÄ. hnti-jn¨pw BZy-Im-eIr-Xn-IÄ. ka-Xz-kp-µ-c-amb Hcp kaqlw At±lw kz]v\w I­p. I½yq-WnÌv {]Xy-bimkv{Xw sXfn-bn-¨p-sIm-Sp¯ ]mX-bn-eqsS k©-cn-¨t- ¸mÄ kmaq-ln-Ih
- n-¹h
- ¯
- nsâ Xo\mf-§Ä t{]mPz-en-¸n-¡p¶ Ihn-bmbn amdn At±-lw. A\p-\n-anjw hnI-kz-c-am-bn-s¡m-­ncn-¡p¶ {]]-©-ssN-X-\y-¯nsâ kq£vamw-i-§Ä Is­-¯m-\pÅ At\z-j-Wa
- mbn amdn
At±-l-¯nsâ ]e Ihn-X-I-fpw. Zmln-¡p¶ ]m\-]m{Xw, Hcp-XpÅn shfn-¨w, \oe-¡-®pIÄ, acp-`q-an, A£-cw, Idp¯ ]£n-bpsS ]m«v, D¸v, `qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-Ko-Xw, Aán-i-e-`§Ä, A]-cm-Ów, arK-bm, DÖz-bn-\n, kzbw-h-cw, ss`c-hsâ XpSn XpS-§n-b-h-bmWv H.F³.-hn-bpsS {][m\ IrXn-IÄ. Aán-i-e-`-§Ä tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-A-¡m-Zan ]pc-kvImcw
t\Sn. 1972 Â A£-c-¯n\v tI{µ-km-ln-Xy A¡m-Zan AhmÀU,v 1981 D¸n-\v-þ1982se hbemÀ AhmÀUv. N§-¼pg If-cn-bn-emWv H.-F³.-hnbpw Imhy-c-N\ XpS-§n-b-Xv. F¶mÂ
N§-¼pg IhnX ]IÀt¶-Inb Nmcp-Xbpw am[p-cyhpw A\p-`-hn-¨d
- n-bp-t¼mÄ Xs¶ kmaqln-I\
- o-Xn-¡p-th­n t]mcm-Sp¶ aÀ±nX P\-ka
- q-l¯
- nsâ ImXp-If
- n apg§n B i_vZhpw
AXn-e´
- À`-hn¨ thZ-\b
- pw. H.-F³.hn bpsS hn¹-hm-Sn-¯d Ime-¯nsâ lrZ-b¯
- n kmaqlnI amä-¯nsâ Ne-\-§Ä krjvSn¨ I½yqWnÌm-i-bhpw Ihn-bpsS hn¹-hm-i-b-¯n\v
DWÀth-In. H.-F³.-hn-bpsS Ih-\-hy-àn-Xzw- ]-Iz-amWv. a\p-jy-a-lXzw s\©n-teän emfn¡m³ Ft¸mgpw k¶-²-amb a\-ÊmWv At±-l¯
- n-tâ-Xv. _nw_- IÂ]-\-bnepw kuµ-cymß-I-amb A´-xk-¯-bnepw H.-F³.-hn- I-hnX DZm-¯-ta-J-esb ]pÂIn \n¡p-¶p. ImetZ-im-\p-hÀ¯n-bmb am\p-jn-I-aq-ey-§-fpsS hàmhv F¶ \ne-bn H.-F³.hn IqSp-XÂ
BZ-c-Wo-b-\m-hp-¶p.
`qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-KoXw
`qan-s¡mcp Nc-aK
- oXw F¶ IrXn `mh-Ko-X§
- f
- psS Iq«-¯n Hcp Aán-Pzm-eb
- m-Wv.
`qansb¶ alm-am-Xmhpw A½sb Xn¶p-XoÀ¡p¶ ss]im-NnI \c-hÀ¤hpw hÀWyw. {]IrXnsb NqjWw sNbvXv sNbvXv {]IrXn \in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. `qan acn-¡m³ InS-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
acWw Bk-¶-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ Cu thf-bn Bß-im´n t\cm-\-ÃmsX asäm-¶n-\p-am-hn-Ã.
C\nbpw acn-¡m¯ `qan þ \n¶m-k¶
arXn-bn \n\-¡m-ß-im´n
CXp-\nsâ (F-sâ-bpw) Nca ip{iq-jbv¡v
lrZ-b-¯nent¶ Ipdn¨ KoXw.
arXn-bpsS Idp¯ hnj-]pjv]w hnSÀ¶-Xn \ng-en \msf `qan ac-hn-¡p-t¼mÄ D
- bn-cä `qansb t\m¡n hne-]n-¡m³ ChnsS Bcpw Ah-ti-jn-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AXn-\m Ct¶
Ihn `qan¡v Bß-im´n t\À¶p-sIm­v Ipdn-¨n-Sp¶ hcn-If
- mWv `qan-s¡mcp Nc-aK
- o-X¯
- nÂ
D-ÅX
- .v
ss]Xr-I-¯nsâ, ]mc-¼-cy-¯nsâ F{Xtbm IY-IÄ ]d-bm-\p­v `qan¡v. ]´n-cpIp-e-s]ä ]d-bn¡pw Aa-e-bmb `qan F®n-bm Xocm¯ F{X k´-Xn-Isf s\m´p
s]äp! kz´w a¡-fn H¶p asäm-¶ns\ sIm¶p-Xn-¶p-¶-Xp- I­v I®o-scm-gp¡n
\n¡mt\ Cu A½bv¡v Bbp-Åq. ]c-kv]cw sh«nbpw sIm¶pw aSp-¯-t¸mÄ kz´w
B[p-\n-I IhnX
55
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
A½-bn-te-¡h
- À Xncn-ªp. Ah-cpsS XnanÀ¸ns\ FXnÀ¡msX hne-¡msX kÀÆw klbmbn A-½ \
- n-¶p. A½-bpsS lcn-XI
- ©
- pIw \o¡n ]m IpSn¨p sImgp-¯h
- À¡v Ct¸mÄ
HSp-¡s¯ Zml-ap-­m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. (HSp-¡s¯ Zmlw)
"Xncp-lr-Zb càw IpSn-¡m³'
Aѳ (kq-cy³) k½m-\n¨ lcn-X-]-«p-I-©pIw aI³ A½-bpsS amdnÂ\n¶v Dcn-sª-dnbp-¶p. A½-bpsS kvX\yw \pIÀ¶p hfÀ¶-h³ amdn \Jw Xmgv¯n apdn-hp-I-fnÂ
\n¶p-Xn-cp¶ càw IpSn-¡p-¶p. I¯p¶ kqcysâ I®p-IÄ Aán hÀjn-¡p-¶p.
Adn-bmsX P\-\n-sb-¸-cn-W-bn-s¨mcp bh
Xcp-Wsâ IY-sb-{X-]-g-In
]pXn-b-I-Y-sb-gp-Xp¶p hkp-[-bpsS a¡-fn-hÀ
hkp-[-bpsS hkv{X-ap-cn-bp-¶p.
hn]-Wn-I-fn-eh hnäp-tam-´p¶p hnS-\-Jc
agp-ap-\-IÄ tIfn XpS-cp-¶p.
Xsâ {]nb h[p-hn-t\m-SpÅ aIsâ ]oU-\-§Äs¡-Xnsc AÑ-\mb kqcy³ tIm]m-Ip-e\m-Ip-¶p. kqcysâ angn-IÄ Aán hÀjn-¡p-¶p. `qan¡p kz´-am-bn-cp¶ ku`m-Ky-§sfÃmw \jvSs¸-«p-t]m-Ip-¶p.
"BSn apInÂame IpSn-\ocp Xnc-bp¶p;
Bdp-I-sfm-gp¡p Xnc-bp¶p
kÀK-e-b-Xm-f-§Ä sXäp¶p Poh-cY
N{I-§Ä Nmen-ep-d-bp¶p'
]s£ A½sb \in-¸n-¡m-\n-d-§nb a¡-fpsS Iq«-¯n Ihn -a-\-Ên-Ã. Xsâ t_m[¯nsâ \nd-\n-emhv Hcp XpÅn-sb-¦nepw tNX-\-bn tijn-¡p-thmfw A½-bmb hkp-[sb-¡p-dn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-IÄ am{Xta B Ihn-tN-X-\-bn X§n-\n¡pIbpÅq.
""\osbsâ ck-\-bn hb¼pw \dp-tX-\pþ
ambv hs¶m-cm-Zym-\p-`qXn
\osbsâ Xncn-sISpw t\c¯p XoÀ°-IW
amb-en-bp-a-´ym-\p-`q-Xn''
A{X-t¯mfw hkp-[-bp-ambn tNÀ¶p-\n¡p¶ Ihn a\-Ên\v AÛpXw ]I-cm³ `qanbnse Hcp aªp-Xp-Ån-¡m-hpw. B hkp[-bpsS Xcp-\n-c-I-fn taªp-\-S-¡p-¶p­v IhnbpsS Imaamw t[\p.
""Bbn-c-ap®n I\n-IÄ¡p sXm«nepw
Xmcm-«p-ambv \o DWÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw
Bbncw Imhp-I-fn-eq-ªm-en-Sp-¶Xpw
Ben-e-¯p-¼-¯n-cp¶p XpÅp-¶Xpw
A©n-XÄ]q-¡-fmbn ssIbm«n \nev]Xpw
A¼-e-{]m-hmbn \o Ipdp-Ip-¶Xpw
Bbncw ]pg-I-fpsS Hmf-§fmsbsâ
Bß-lÀj-§Ä¡v Xmfw ]nSn-¸-Xpw''.
`qan Xsâ amXr-hm-Õeyw {]I-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv Ihn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-­v. ]qhm-Ibpw ]q¯n-eªnbpw sIm¶-bp-sa-¶n-§s\ Ime-t`-Z¯
- n\v A\p-kc
- n¨v Xsâ Ipªns\ ckn-¸n-¡m³
A½-bmb hkp[ IpS-amäw \S-¯p-¶p. CSbv¡v Iqasâ aqf-embv t]Sn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. Ipbnensâ IqI-embn t]Sn amäp-¶p. ]p{Xsâ A´-cw-K-§Ä¡v If-sa-gp-Xp-hm³ \qdp hÀ®B[p-\n-I IhnX
56
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
§Ä sN¸n-sem-cp-¡n -sh-¡p-¶p. kmb-´-\-§sf kzÀ®-hÀ-®-am¡n Im«n ad-bp-¶p.
ASp¯ Dj-Êns\ tXmfn-te-än-sIm­v Xncn-¨p -h-cp-¶Xpw FÃmw Fs¶-bp-WÀ¯p-hm\pw
Fs¶ Aar-Xq-«p-hm\pw th­n-bm-Wv. CsXÃmw Rms\¶ Ihn Adn-bp-¶p-­v. \o F-¶nÂ
\nd-bp¶ Pohm-ar-X-amWv. Nnd-Ip-I-fn kwKo-Xa
- mWp hkpt[ \o. C{X kpµ-cn-bmb \nsâ
Nnd-Insâ Hcp Xqh-en³ Xp¼n sI«n-bn-S-s¸« Hcp am{X-bmWv Fsâ hmgvsh¶ a[p-c-amb
kXyw Pzen-¨p-\n¡p-¶p.
""AXp-sI-«p-t]m-Is«! þ \obm-Ip-a-arXhpw
arXn-bpsS _en-Im-¡sIm¯n
apÞn-X-in-c-kvI-bmbv {`jvS-bmbv \o kuc
aÞ-e-s¸-cp-h-gn-bn-eqsS
am\-`w-K-¯nsâ amdm-¸p-ambo kþ
´m\-]m-]-¯n³ hngp-¸p-ambo
]mXn-bp-sam-gn-sªmcp a\-Ên-e-Xn-Xo-{hamw
thZ-\-IÄ X³ Pzme-am-{X-am-bn.
t]mIp-ao-t]m-¡n knc-I-fn-eq-Scn
t¨dp-I-bÃo Icmf arXyp?......''
A½-bpsS Xe Xmgv¯n-bpÅ ]m]-`mcw t]dn-bp-Å, a\-an-Sn-ªpÅ B Xncn-¨p-t]m¡v
I­p \n¡m³ Cu aI\v tijn-bnÃ. AXn-\mÂþ
""Dbn-cä \n³ apJ-¯{ip _nµp-¡-fmÂ
DZIw ]IÀ¶p hne-]n-¡m³
ChnsSbh-ti-jn-¡nà Rm\-I-bmÂ
CXp-am-{X-an-hn-sS-sb-gp-Xp-¶p.
C\nbpw acn-¡m-¯-`qan \n¶m-k¶
arXn-bn \n\-¡m-ß-im´n!
arXn-bn \n\-¡m-ß-im´n!''
hÀ¤-Po-hn-X-ssih¯n A½ a¡sf t]män-bXv hÀ®n-¡p¶ Nn{X-¯nse BÀ{ZXbpw hnip-²nbpw HSp-hn a¡Ä aqew I¯n¡cn-ª-S-§p¶ Nm¼-ep-­-bm-bn-XoÀ¶
`qan-bpsS Nn{X-¯nse Zmcp-WXbpw Cu Ihn-Xbv¡v Htc kabw Acp-hn-\o-cnsâ IpfnÀ½bpw
A\-e-Pzm-e-bpsS Dujva-f-Xbpw \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
`qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-KoXw F¶ IrXn-bn-eq-sS-bmWv H.-F³.hn Ipdp-¸nsâ Imhy-PohnXw HcÀ°-¯n [\y-am-Ip-¶-Xv. Ihn-X-bnse hnin-jvS-]-Z-c-N\ k½m-\n-¡p¶ Xc-fXbpw ImX-cX
- zhpw {]Xn-]m-Zys¯ kq£vaX
- cw A`n-hy-RvP\w sN¿p-¶p. hm¡p-IÄ sIm«nt\m¡n Xnc-sª-Sp¯v \n_-Ôn-¡pI, hmZy-Imc \nÀhn-ti-j-amb {i²bpw Cu cN-\b
- nÂ
ImWmw. XXv^-e-ambn {]h-ln-¡p¶ kwKoXw hmb-\-¡m-cs\ B\-µ-¯n kv\m\-s¸-Sp¯pw.
\mw ]mÀ¡p¶ `qansb Aev]mev]w em`w em¡m¡n \mw kzbw NqjWw sN¿p¶p. ]mcn-Øn-Xn-I-amb Hcp bYmÀ°y-am-Wn-Xv. Cu hkvXp-Xsb \Sp-¡p¶ Imhym-\p-`-ham¡n XoÀ¡p¶ Ihn-X-IÄ ae-bm-f-¯n Gsd-bn-Ã.
hni-Zo-Ic
- W
- §
- Ä Bh-iy-s¸-Sm¯ emfn-Xy-amWv `qan-s¡mcp Nc-aK
- o-Xs¯ kÀhm-`nK-ay-am¡n XoÀ¡p-¶-Xv. H.-F³.hn Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fn H¶m-Wo -em-fnXyw.
k¦oÀ®-X-Isf Ihn Hgn-hm-¡p-¶p. X³aqew hmb-\b
- n XS-Ê-§Ä krjvSn-¡s¸Sp-¶n-Ã.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
57
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Iev]-\I
- f
- p-sSbpw ]Z-Pm-X-I-§f
- p-tSbpw kwLÀj-§f
- -Ã, Cu lmÀ²-amWv H.-F³.hn.-bpsS Ihn-Xt- bm-sSm¸w DÅ-X.v AXt{X Ihn-Xb
- nse kwKo-Xw-sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ thsdmcp
cl-kyw. `qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-Ko-Xhpw A\m-Zr-iy-amb Hcp kwKo-X-in-ev]amWv. Cu cN-\b
- nÂ
Xmfw cmKm-em-]¯
- n\v apI-fn apg-§p-¶p. \nim-KÔ
- n-bpsS thÀ]m-Sn sh´p-tI-gp-t¼mgpw
`qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-Ko-X-sa-gp-Xp-t¼mgpw Ihn hmcn-¸pWcp-¶Xv temI-Po-hn-X-s¯-bm-Wv. PohnX-sa-¶Xv tIhew thZ\ am{X-aà Ihn-¡v. arK-]£n hr£-e-Xm-Zn-I-fp-sSbpw ssie-\-Zokm-K-c-§-fp-sSbpw IqSn Pohn-X-am-W-Xv. `qan-s¡mcp Nc-a-KoXw km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ hkvXpXbpw AXp- X-s¶.
kkkpZK
kpK-X-Ip-amcn
ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS Bcw-`-¯n hyànZp:J§sf¸än kz´w
Iq«nen-cp¶v DÅp-cpIn ]mSnb Hcp sdmamânIv Ih
bn{XnbmWv kpKX-Ip-am-cn. 1934-þ P\p-h-cn- amkw Bd·p-f-bn P\n-¨p. "ap¯p-¨n¸n' F¶ BZy-I-hn-Xm-kam-lmcw sIm­p-Xs¶ hfÀ¶ Ihn-I-tfm-sSm¸w Ccp-¸p-d-¸n¨ kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS Ihn-XI-fn B[p-\n-IX
- -bpsS apJ-ap-{Z-IÄ ]e-Xp-s­-¦nepw Imev]-\n-I-Xb
- psS Cg-IÄ sIm­v
s\bvX-XmWv Ah-cpsS ssien. Pohn-X-¯nsâ Zp:JXoÀ°-§-fn-emWv Ah-cpsS Imhy-`mh\ ]oen-hn-SÀ¯n \n¡p-¶-Xv. "hyàn-K-X-amb thZ-\-Isf hniz-KX-am-bn, hnI-kn-¸n-¡p¶-Xn-emWv kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS anSp¡v' F¶v 1967-þ Fkv. Kp]vX³\m-bÀ ]d-ªn-«p-­v.
Imev]-\n-I-X-bp-sSbpw B[p-\n-I-X-bp-sSbpw CS-bn \n¶p-sIm­v Pnhn-X-¯n-sâbpw IhnX-bp-sSbpw FÃm kwLÀj-§fpw Gäp- hm§n thdn« i_vZw tIĸn¨ IrjvW-{]-W-bn\n-bmb kpK-X-Ip-amcn `qansb H«msI ]pWÀ¶n-cn-¡p¶ a\p-jysâ DS-a-bm-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
ImSp-IÄ¡pw ]pg-IÄ¡pw XIÀ¶p s
- Im-­n-cn-¡p¶ {]mIr-Xh
- À¤-¯nsâ IpSpw-_§
- Ä¡pwth­n Xsâ _m¡n PohnXw AhÀ Dgn-ªp-sh-¨n-cn-¡-bm-Wv.
IrXn-IÄ: kz]v\-`q-an, ap¯pNn¸n, ]mhw am\-h-lr-Z-bw, CcpÄNn-d-Ip-IÄ, cm{Xn-a-g,
A¼-ea
- W
- n, Ipdn-ªn-¸q-¡Ä, Xpem-hÀj ]¨, cm[-sb-hn-sS, aW-se-gp¯v XpS-§nbhbmWv
{][m\ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-§Ä. Cf-sh-bn-en s]m¶p-\p-dp-§p-I-fmbn X§n-Sp¶ HmW-¯p¼n-bpsS Nnd-Inepw A\p-cm-K-¯nsâ HmÀ½-IÄ hnI-kn-¸n-¡p¶ Dj-Ên³an-gn-bnepw B
\h-lÀjw X§n hnXp¼n Nncn-Xq-Ip-¶, ISepw Imbepapbsc ]oen-hn-cn¡pw sX§n³
\nc-Ifpw AXn-em-Sp-¶p. CXp-I­ \c-lr-Zbw kt´m-jn-¡p-¶p.
]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw
a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-¯n-\p-ta \nXy-amb A\p-`qXn sNmcn-bp¶ Ihn-X-bm-Wv. "]mhw
am\-h-lr-Zbw hnjmZw ISªv {]km-Za
- p-­m-¡p¶ AÛp-X-kn²n Cu Ihn-Xsb aäp IhnX-I-fn \n¶v thÀXn-cn-¨p-\nÀ¯p-¶p. Gsd-¡mew AÔ-Im-c-¯nsâ XS-h-d-bn InS¶
am\-hl
- r-Zb
- -¯n\v GtXm ]qÀÆ-kvar-Xn-bpsS CÑm-i-àn-sIm­v Hcp \nan-j-t¯-s¡¦nepw
shfn-¨-¯nsâ ]c-tam-Õhw I­v BËm-Zn-¡m³ Ign-bp¶q F¶ kXy-amWv a\p-jyZp:Jw
F¶ ZuÀ_-eys¯ hc-_-e-am¡n amäp-¶ Huj-[-aq-eyw.
Hcp kmK-cK
- o-X-Kw-`o-c-X-bp-b-cp¶ hm\hpw `qanbpw Xmc-Ibpw. AXp-tI«v Xcn¨v Icfm-teäp hnd-bv¡p-¶p. Hcp \h-amb hnjmZw amªv Ihn-a-\-Ênsâ Bgw ImWm¯ CcpfnÂ\n¶v Hcp ]gb kt´mjw DbÀ¶p-h-¶p. B kt´m-js¯ Ihn {]Ir-Xn-bp-ambn
Iq«n-bn-W-¡p-¶p. ag-\n-g-seÃmw \o­p-sh-fp-¯p-an-¶p¶ De-In³ Ihn-fnepw HmW-¸q-hnsâ
]p©n-cn-bn-X-fp-If
- nepw Xd-hm-Snsâ A¯-¸q-¡fw Hfn-Nn-¶p¶ hnim-eX
- -bnepw, I®o-cnepw
Xsâ kt´m-j-¯nsâ Ae-sbm-en-IÄ Ihn Is­-Sp-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
58
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Ccp-fn³ Imcm-Kmcw sasÃ
hen¨p Xpd¶p ]pd-¯p-Å-g-In³
]c-tam-Õ-h-sam-cp-t\m-¡m I­p
IpfnÀ¡p¶p \c-lr-Zbw
Bcp-N-hp«n Xmgv¯n-ep-a-g-en³
]mXm-f-¯n-sem-fn-¡n-ep-tatXm
]qÀÆ-kva-c-W-bn BËm-Z-¯n³
temI-s¯¯pw lrZbw
BsI saen-ª-h-sf-¦nepw GtXm hnc-l-¯nsâ \\-hmÀ¶v tImSn-bp-Sp¯v Ccn¡p¶ Aw_n-I-bpsS Nncn-bnepw. B kt´m-js¯ ]¦n-Sm³ IS-e-e-sbÃmw hoW-¡-¼nI-fmbn apdp¡n Ic-fm ]g-sbmcp XpSn-sIm«n ]pXp-]m-«p-IÄ ]mSn ckn-¡p-I-bmWv am\h-lr-Zbw. A´ÀZÀi-\-¯nsâ an¶Â shfn-¨-¯n am\-h-lr-Zbw Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]pXp]m-«p-IÄ ]mSp-¶p.
Hcp Xmc-Isb ImWp-t¼m-fXp
cmhp-a-d¡pw ]pXp-ag Im¬sI
hcĨ ad¡pw ]m¨ncn I­Xp
arXnsb ad¶p kpJn-t¨-t]mIpw
]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw
F{X Pohn-XZp:J§fpw ad-hn-bp-sS Bg-§-fn-te¡v hen-s¨-dnªv Hcp \nan-j-t¯¡v
DbÀ¶p-h-cp¶ kt´m-js¯ FXn-tc¡m³ X¿m-dm-Ip¶ ]mhw am\-h-lr-Zbw AXv
Cu tem-I-¯nsâ \ne-\n¸nsâ AS-bm-f-amW.v thZ-\-Isf \nan-j-t\-c-t¯-s¡-¦nepw
ad-¡m\pw a\-Ênsâ Imcm-Kmcw hen-¨p-Xp-d¶v B Ipªp-lÀj-¯n aXn-hc
- m\pw kt´mjn-¡m\pw Ign-bp¶ a\p-jy-lr-Zbw F{X ]mh-am-Wv? Hcp Xmc-Isb I­m aXn AXpw
cmhp ad-¡p-¶p. Hcp ]pXp-ag Im¬tI hcĨ ad-¡p-¶p. ]m¨ncn I­m ac-W-s¯t¸m-epw ad¶v kpJn-¡m³ X¿m-dm-hp-¶p.
P·m-´c ku`mKyw Hcp ]qÀÆ-kvar-Xn-bmbn amdp-¶Xpw Cu Ihn-X-bn ImWmw.
Bcp-N-hn«n Xmgv¯n-ep-a-g-en³
]mXm-f-¯n-sem-fn-¡n-ep-tatXm
]qÀÆkvac-W-bn-em-Ëm-Z-¯n³
temI-s¯¯pw lrZ-bw.
HmW-¯nsâ ]pcm-hr-¯-¯n\pw ]pXn-sbm-cÀ°w I¸n-¡m³ Cu Ihn-X-bn Ih-bn{Xn
{ian-¨n-«p-­v. C¯-c-¯n B[p-\nI Nn´-IÄ IS-¶p-h-cp-¶ Ht«sd Ihn-X-IÄ kpK-X-Ipamcn Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-­v.
Pn. Ipam-c-]nÅ
D¶XNn´-Ifpw Bi-b§
- fpw DÄs¡m-Åp-¶ H
- cp kXv¡-hn-bmWv Pn. Ipam-c]
- nÅ.
cq]-`m-h-§-fn Hs«ms¡ N§¼pgsb A\p-I-cn-¡p¶ Cu Ihn-bpsS BZy-k-am-lm-camWv "Ac-fn-¸q-¡Ä'. aueo-I-amb kn²n hnti-j-apÅ Cu Ihn- 1923 BK-Ìv- 22\v Xncph-Ãb
- n P\n-¨p. ]c-¼c
- m-KX
- a
- mb Imhy-ssien adn-IS- ¶v Ihn-Xsb kq£vak
- w-th-Z\£aX-bpsS \nkÀ¤-kp-µ-c-amb ]mX-bn-te¡v \bn-¡m-\mWv At±lw {ian-¨-Xv. B´-c-amb
[mÀ½n-I -tX-P-Ênsâ Xnf¡w At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-I-fn ImWmw.
Xmho-¯p-fp-¼p¶p Xn§n-¯p-Sn-¡p¶p
Pohn-X-kz-]v\-sa³ k]vX-kz-c-§-fnÂ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
59
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
F¶v kz´w hmMvab
- s¯ Ihn hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶p. HmÀ½-bpsS kpK-Ôw, Ac-fn-¸p-¡Ä, acp-`q-anbpsS In\m-hp-IÄ, Ihn-X, k]vXk
- z-cw, Ime-¯nsâ tIme-§Ä F¶n-hb
- mWv {][m\ IrXn-IÄ.
F{X bmZr-ÝnIw
Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯v lPqÀ It¨-cn¡v ap³]nse am[-h-dm-hp-hnsâ {]Xn-a-bpsS ASp¯p-\n-¶mWv Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c¯v tPmen sNbvXn-cp¶ Ihn As¶ms¡ `mcy-bpsS tPmenØ-e-amb Be-¸p-gbv¡v _kv Ib-dn-bn-cp-¶-Xv. s]cn-§c ]n. tKm]m-e-]n-Å-bmWv Ihn
Aѳ. ]g-bn-S-¯v ]n.-Pn. ]mÀÆ-Xn-b-½-bmWv Ihn-bpsS A½. sImÃ-hÀjw 1099þemWv
Ihn-bpsS P\-\-hÀjw.
hm¡p-I-fnse anX-Xzhpw Bhn-jvI-c-W-¯nse NSp-e-Xbpw {]ta-b-¯nsâ Imen-I{]m-[m-\y-hpw Ipam-c]
- n-Åb
- psS Ihn-Xb
- psS k
- h
- n-ti-jX
- b
- m-hp-¶p. bYmÀ° A²ym-]Isâ
A´Àa-Þ-e-¯nsâ kuc-`yhpw Zqc-¡m-gvNbpw At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-XI
- Ä¡v hyànXzw
\ÂIp-¶p. Cu hyànXzw sIm­v k¼-¶-amb Ipsd \à I-hn-X-IÄ Ipam-c-]nÅ ae-bmf-¯n\v \ÂIn-bn-«p-­v. A¯-c-¯nÂs¸« Hcp Ihn-X-bmWv "F{X bmZr-Ýn-Iw'.
""F{X bmZr-ÝnIw P·hpw kXyhpw
kzXz-t`-Z-§fpw P·hpw arXyphpw''
Cu bmZr-Ýn-I-X-bn-eq-sS-bmWv Pohn-X-¯nsâ {]bm-Wsa¶v Ihn Icp-Xp-¶p.
F{X bmZr-ÝnIw!
hmc-¯n-\-´yam; tbmSn InX-bv¡p-¶nþ
Xme-¸p-g-bv¡pÅ h­nbpw tXSn Rm³
I®nsâ ap¼n-en-s¶¶p Xm³; Zqc¯p
s]s®¶p t]cp-tÅm-tcm-a ]cn-{`aw
am[-h-dm-hp-hnsâ {]Xnabv¡p ap¼n \n¶pÅ Cu hnNm-c-§Ä¡v adp-]-Sn-bmbn ]©teml \nÀ½n-X-amb \nXy\pw \ncm-a-b-\pamb am[-h-dmhp H¶p Dudn-¨n-cn-¨p. a\p-jysâ
Pohn-X-K-Xn-IÄ F{X s]s«¶mWv amdnad-bp-¶-Xv? aqhm-­n-¶-¸p-d¯v Xm³ Bcm-bn-cp¶p? Ft§m-«p-th-W-sa-¦nepw t]mIm-hp¶ GXp t\c¯v Fhn-sS-sb-¯p¶p F¶v IrXyambn IW-¡p-Iq-t«-­m¯ Häbv¡v Zcn-{Z\pw N{µ-\p-ambn hncm-Pn¨ Hcp DÖze Al-¦mcnbmb Kw`oc ]pcp-j\
- m-bn-cp-¶p. AXn-\p-a¸
- p-d¯
- pÅ aqhm-­n-te¡v Xncn-ªvsN-Ãp-t¼mÄ.
""temIm-´-c-§Ä X³ kuc-bq-Y-§-fnÂ
GIm´ ZoÀLamw \n{Zm-]-Y-§-fnÂ
Rm\m-a\
- -´X
- -bv¡-¸p-d-t¯-sXmcp
Xmcm-K-W-¯n³ IpSp§n InS¶p \o''
IÃp-¸nse D¸p-ckw t]mse, ]¨n-e-Nn-Ã-I-fnse ]¨-t]mse, hrÝnI Imänsâ IpfnÀ½t]mse A{X-ta At\ym-\y-eo-\c
- m-Wv \msa-¦nepw \½Ä X½n-epÅ kulrZw AÛqXw
tXm¶p¶ IS-¦-Y-bmbn amdp-¶p. FÃm-änep-ap­v Cu bmZr-Ýn-I-X.
AtX-t]m-epÅ Hcp bmZr-Ñn-I-X-bmWv Xsâ P\-\n-bn-ep-Å-Xv F¶v Ihn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p.
""F{X bmZr-ÝnIw!
tImSm\p tImSn-bn-en-d-§n-s¸-cn-§c
tKm]m-e-]n-Å-X³ _oP-ambv h¶Xpw
]mcn³ ]c-¸n sXc-ªn-¸-tg-S¯p
]mÀÆXnbma-a-X³ KÀ`-¯n hoWXpw
s]mt¶m-W-\m-fnse ]qcmSk-Ôy-bnÂ
sXm®q-än-sbm³]-Xn I¬Xp-ds
- ¶-¶Xpw''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
60
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
FÃm-¯n-ep-ap­v bmZr-Ýn-I-sa¶ hm¡nsâ AÀ°-hym-]vXn. Ipªm-bn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ F¶cn-In InS-¶p-d-§p¶ Fs¶tbm Fsâ amXm-hns\tbm sXmSmsX sXm«-¸p-d¯p InS¡p¶ ap¯-Ènsb th{µ³ `bm-\-I³ sIm¯n-¯p-e-¨-Xpw, Ipªm-bn-cp¶ Ah-Ø-bnÂ
\n¶pw amdn Xm³ Ip«-\m-bXpw, Ip«³ Ipam-c-\m-bXpw ]ns¶ Ipam-c-]n-Å-sb¶ BJym-\ambn XoÀ¶p Be-¸p-g-¡pÅ h­n-¡p-Ån-embv Ime-¯nsâ AÀ²w Ign-¡p-thm-\m-b-Xpw.
""F{X bmZr-ÝnIw P·hpw kXzhpw
kzXz-t`-Z-§fpw IÀ½-_-Ô-§fpw''
FÃmw AÛp-X-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ amä-§-fm-Wv. HmÀ¡m-Xn-cn-¡p¶ Imän HmÀ¡msX Ft§m
]Xn-¡p¶ hn¯v -t]mse CS-bv¡nsS cq]w amdp¶ taLw-t]mse, s]s«-¶pÅ DcpÄs]m«-en shÅ-s¸-cp-¼m-¨n-se¯n Ipep-¡p¶ tImS-t]mse FÃmw bmZr-Ýn-I-am-Wv.
Pohn-X-¯nsâ Hmtcm \mgnI hn\m-gn-I-Ifnse Cu bmZr-Ýn-IX \nd-ªp-\n¡p¶p. P\n-¡p-t¼mgpw hf-cp-t¼mgpw Hä-bm-\m-Ip-t¼mgpw Krl-Øm-\m-Ip-t¼mgpw ac-Ws¯
hcn-¡p-t¼mgpw H¶nepw ap³Ip«n sNbvXp-sh¨ B-te-J-\-§-fnÃ. \nbXn X³ XoÀ¸pt]mse FÃmw bmZr-Ýn-I-ambn kw`-hn-¨p-sIm-t­-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. Pn. Ipam-c-¸n-Å-bn am-{Xaà `qan-bnse Hmtcm Poh-Pm-e-§-fnepw Cu bmZr-Ýn-IX apän \n¡p-¶p-­v.
Fw.-F³ ]meqcv
t]Sn-s¯m-­³, XoÀ°-bm{X F¶ c­p Ihn-Xm-ka
- m-lm-c§
- f
- n-eqsS {i²n-¡s
- ¸«
Hcp Ihn-bmbn ]meqcv DbÀ¶p. Hu]-Nm-cnI kvIqÄ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sm³ Ign-bmsX t]mb
A\p-`h
- k
- ¼
- ¶
- \
- mWv ]meq-c.v thZm-´hpw IY-If
- nepw ]Tn¨ At±lw Hcp tamt«mÀ ss{Uhdm-bn-cp-¶p. \K-c-Po-hn-X-¯nÂs]«v ssItamiw hcm¯ a\p-jy-Xz-¯nsâ DZvKm-b-I-\mWv
At±-lw. a\p-jysâ Ah-km-\n-¡m¯ bmX-\I
- -tfmSpw A²zm-\-t¯m-Sp-amWv Ihn¡v BZc-hv. sshZn-I-]m-c-¼cyw Ihnsb kzm[o-\n-¡p-¶p-­v. B[p-\nI Ihn-I-fn {]ap-J-\m-b]m-eq-cnsâ hnPyw-`nX a\Êv ]pXnb aqey-§Ä At\z-jn-¡p-¶p. D]-t`m-Kk
- w-kvIm-c¯
- nsâ
s]mÅ-¯-c-§Ä NSp-e-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-¡p¶ ]meqÀ hÀ¯-am-\-Ime Bkzm-Z\ioe¯n\v BLm-X-ta-ev]n-¡p-¶p. kÀK-[m-c, ]mh-I³. tl `qan-I-t\y, ]¨-am§ F¶n-hbmWv CX-c-Ir-Xn-IÄ."Ien-Imew' ¯n\v tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan ]pc-kvImcw e`n-¨p.
DjÊv
a\pjysâ kuµ-cy-k¦
- e
- ]
v a- msI Ipg¨v \nÀ½n¨ tZh-Xb
- mbn Dj-Êns\ Ihn t\m¡n¡m-Wp-¶p. shfp-¡p-¶X
- n\p ap¼v Fgp-t¶äv ap§n¡pfn-s¨-¯nb \nXy ssNX\yamb, kXyku-µc
- y-amb Dj-knsâ I¯p¶ Aán¡p Xpey-amb kvt\lw tem-I¯nse Poh-Pm-e§
- fn tcma-lÀj-§Ä hfÀ¯p-¶p. DjÊv [À½-]X
- v\n¡v Xpey-am-Wv.
DjÊv DWÀ¶v hcp-t¼mÄ Ccp«v ]mbv Npcp-«n Ft§m-t]mbn . FÃm-bn-S¯pw shfn¨w
]c-¡p-¶p. temI-¯nsâ \m\m-`m-K-§-fn DWÀÆpw shfn-¨-hp-am-Ip-¶p. ]ip-Ip«n ]mev
IpSn-¡p-¶-Xp-t]mse temIw shfn¨w IpSn-¡p-¶p. a\p-jyÀ Ah-ch
- c
- psS IÀ½-§Ä Hmtcm¶mbn A\p-jvTn-¡p-¶p. Xn¶p hoÀ¡m\pw IpSn-¡m\pw can-¡m\pw acn-¡m-\p-ambn Pohn¡p-¶-h-s\-¦n-epw- \-cs\ Djkv IÀ-½¯n-te¡v DWÀ¯n DbÀ¯p-¶p.
hnlmbÊnte-¡pÅ tImWn-¸S- n-¡Â Xmakw hcp-¯msX Djtk Rm\n¶p \nt¶msSm¸w hcp-¶p­v F¶v Ihn -a-\kv ]d-bp-¶p. H¶v \n¡p-I \nt¶m-sSm¸w k©-cn¡m³ F\n-¡-{X-bv¡p­p tamlw. Rm³ \ns¶ icn-s¡m¶p ImWs«. alm-`m-Ky-im-en¡p-t]mepw \nsâ apJw ZÀin-¡pI ZpÀL-S-am-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
61
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Ipd-s¨m-¶p-Zq-c¯p
amdq- sImSpw Zp:J þ
kXy-§ptf \n§
sft¶mSp IqSn
¡fn-¡m-\n-\n-t¡mþ
¸ntS­m shfn-¨þ
¯ncp-«n¶p Pohn
bv¡phm³ km²y-amtam?
Hc-½bv¡p ]¯p­p
s]¬a-¡-sf¶m þ
semc-Ѷp ]¯mWp
ap­m-bn-cn-¡pw.
Ifn¨pw Nncn¨pw
P\n¨pw acn¨pw
\n\¨pw \n\-bv¡msX
Ip´n-¨n-cp¶pw
sImSp¯pw Ipd-s¨ms¡
hm§n-¨p-sams¡
Êln¨pw Nncn-bv¡p¶p
Imew {Ia-¯nÂ
Atlm Imeta
\n¶n \ns¶¶p sXm«m þ
Wlw h¶-sX-s¶m¶p
sNmÃn-¯c
- mtam?
C{Xbpw Dj-Ên-t\mSp ]dª Ihn Xsâ alm-tam-l-`w-K-¯nsâ kzcw Xm³ \nÀ¯p-I-bmsW¶pw {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p. ]ns¶ temI-¯nsâ Adnhpw shfn-¨-hp-amb Dj-kns\ X¶nte¡p £Wn-¡p-¶p.
hcq \n¶nÂ\n¶pw
sImfp-¯s« ]¯Ã
\qdà I¯nþ
Pzen-¡p¶ ]´-§-sf³
]n³ap-d-¡mÀ
hcpw Rm\-hÀ¡mbv
hgn-bvs¡ms¡tbmscm
shdpw a¬Nn-cm-sXþ
¦nepw sh¨p t]mImw
AXm-sWsâ tamlw
AXm-sWsâ Zmlw
AXm-sWsâ Pohsâ
iàn-{]-hm-lw.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
62
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ChnsS DjÊv iànbpw shfn-¨hpw Adnhpw kvt\l-hp-am-Ip-¶p. AXns\ Häbv¡v kz´am-¡msX hcpw Xe-ap-d-bn-te¡v IqSn ]IÀ¶p \ÂIm³ am{Xw hnim-e-amWv Ihn -a-\-Êv.
DjÊv, shfn¨w \ÂIp-t¼mÄ AXv Adn-hnsâ temI-¯nsâ Xo¸-´a
- mbn DbÀ¯m³ IhnbpsS I¿n-epÅ shdpw a¬Nn-cm-Xn-\m-hpw. ChnsS Djkv F¶Xv shdpw {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
\·sb kvt\ln-¡p¶ \·sb Adn-hmbn ]IÀ¯m-\m-{K-ln-¡p¶ temI-¯nsâ {]Xo-£bmWv Dj-kv.
A\m-bm-khpw efn-X-hp-amb cN\, A\n-tj-[y-amb hmk\, AZ-ay-amb A´-t{]c-W-bpsS sXfn-hmb `mh-]qÀ®X F¶n-h-bn A-\p-{K-lo-X-am-Wv Cu Ihn-X.
t]c-¡n-Smhv þ bqk-^-en- tI-t¨cn
Xo{h-amb Pohn-X-kvt\-l-¯nsâ hnc-e-S-bm-f-amWv tIt¨-cn-bpsS Ihn-X-bnÂ
s]mXpsh ImWp-¶-Xv. aXm-Xo-X-amb kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ kmÀÆ-P-\o\ kz`mhw At±-l¯nsâ Ihn-XI
- Ä¡v ho£-WZ- mÀVyw \ÂIp-¶p. kn\n-am-Km\ cN-bn-Xm-hmbn IqSn AwKoImcw t\Snb bqk-^en kz´w IhnX \ho-\-Im-hy-k-t¦-X-§-fn-sem¶pw Xf-¨n-Sp-¶nÃ.
`mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ hnip-²mw-i-§Ä Xsâ Imhn -a-\-Ênsâ DuÀÖ-am-¡nb Cu
Ihn hn`m-Kob aX hnizm-k-¯n-\-¸pdw a\p-jy-\· ZÀin-¡p-¶p. am\-hn-I-X-. A-Xnsâ
iàn-bnepw ssNX-\y-¯n-ep-amWv Ihn Duäw sImÅp¶Xv. "ssk\-_-' bmWv bqk-^-enbpsS BZy-Ir-Xn. `mhmÀ°w Kuc-hhpw ]Zsskzchpw bqk-^-en-bpsS Ihn-Xbv¡v IqSpXÂ Xnf¡w hcp¯ns¡m­n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v t_m²y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-XmWv Cu Imhy-k-amlm-cw. kwkvIrX `mj, BÀj-kw-kvIm-cw, BkvXnIyw Ch-tbm-SpÅ Ihn-bpsS AZ-ayamb BIÀj-Whpw Ihn-XI
- -fn ImWmw. Bbncw \mhpÅ au\-hpw, tIt¨-cn-¸p-g, cmLho-bw, kqcy-KÀ`w, HmÀ½bv¡v Xmtem-en-¡m³, apJ-]-S-an-Ãm-sX, Bene AarXv F¶n-hbmWv kam-lm-c-§Ä. "Bbncw \mhpÅ au\-¯n\v' tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan ]pckvImcw e`n-¨p. (1984).
sIm¨p-a-I-t\bpw sIm­v aIÄ hoSp-hn«p t]mIp-t¼mÄ Ihn a\-Ên-\p-­m-Ip¶
Zp:JamWv "t]c-¡n-Smhv' F¶ Ihn-Xbv¡v B[m-cw.
t]c-¡n-Sm-hnsâ tNmcn-hm-bn \ns¶m-gp-Ip¶ Dan-\ocv (em-em-c-k-I-W-§Ä) Ihnbnse ipjvI-amb a¬ho-W-¡-¼nsb kwKo-X]
- p-jv¡-e-am-¡p-¶p. AXnsâ ^-e-ambn Ihn
Adn-bmsX ]mSn- t]m-Ip-¶p.
""B\-µ-km-cta \n³ IhnÄ ¸qhn-seþ
t¯\pw \pIÀ¶p-½-d-¯n-cnt¡
\n¶½ sIm¨m-bn-cnt¡ Rm³ ]mSn-tbmþ
c¶s¯ ¸m«n-sâ-bp-¯-cmÀ[w
N{I-hmf iyma-tI-Zm-c-ko-a-bnÂ
ip{I-I-µ-¯n s]mSn-¸p-t]mse
`q]mf km{µ-ap-Zb ]qÀhm-Im-iþ
`qam-hn-d§n hcp-¶-t]mse
\mXn-Zq-c-Øamw ssh`m-X-im-´n-X³
\mµn-Ip-dn-¡p-¶n-sX³ Xa-ÊnÂ''
aIsf aSn-bn-teän emfn-¨-Xnsâ HmÀ½-bn \nim-´b
- m-a-¯n\p ]änb Hcp IÀ®m-SI cmKw
aqfn-bn-cp¶ Ihn-bpsS Km\w \me-©p-am{X \ne-¨p- t]m-Ip-¶p. B \nÝe-Xsb aSn-bn-en-cn¡p¶ t]c-¡n-Smhv ]mfn-t\m-¡p-¶p. B t\m«w
B[p-\n-I IhnX
63
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
"]mI-amÀ¶n«nà `mh-[z-\n-I-sf³
]m«ns\-s¶-s¶-tbmÀ¸n-¨-Xmhmw
ssIh-i-taXp \ncq-]-I-¶p-­n¶p
ssItim-cta \n³ ckm-h-t_m[w!'
Xsâ `mh-[z-\n-IÄ ]mI-amÀ¶n-«nà F¶pÅ Xncn-¨-dnhv Cu ssI¡p-ªn-t\mfw DbÀ¶
Xmf-t_m[w GXp \ncq-]I
- \
- p-s­¶ Ihn Nn´n-¡p-¶p. `À¯m-hn-t\m-sSm¯v Xsâ Nmc¯p
h¶p-\n¶v Gsd `hy-XtbmsS Gdnb Zp:Jt¯msS
"t\c-ambv t]mbv hcmw R§Ä'
Fs¶³ aIÄ
t]c¡nSmhn-\mbv ssIIÄ \o«n:
Xsâ A´-cm-ßm-hn atµmjvW abq-Ja- me NmÀ¯n P·-km-^eyw ]IÀs¶mcm ]q ss]Xensâ sIm¨p-ta\nsb Xsâ ]¨-¡c- Ä ASÀ¯n-sb-Sp-¡p-¶X
- p-t]mse Ihn ASÀ¯n ]p{Xn-bpsS
ssII-en-te¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ X¶-cn-In Nmcn-\n¶v Xsâ ]Xv\n hnXp-¼p-¶Xpw Ihn ImWp-¶p.
"]u{X³ ]nd¶ aplqÀ¯w apX¡-tlmþ
cm{Xao ap¯-Èn-tb-sd-\m-fmbv
A½n-ª-bq-«m-s¯m-c-½-bm-Wp-®n-tbmþ
sS-½«n-en\pw hnS-]-d-b-pw'.
B k¦-S-ap-lqÀ¯-¯nÂ\n¶v Xsâ ]Xn-tbm-sSm-¶n¨v ap³t]m«v ImÂsh¨v CSbv¡v
]nt¶m«v I®-b¨v ]pWy-Xn-S-¼ns\ amtdm-S-W¨v ]nSn¨v ]p{Xn ]Xp-s¡-]Sn-bn-d-§n. Xm\dn-bmsX I®o-scm-¸n-s¡m­v ASp-¯p-\n¡p¶ `mcy-tbmSv Ihn ]d-bp-¶p.
"Imte aIsf s¡mSp¯p \mw t\Snb
amepw a[p-co-I-cn¨v ssZhw
Nmte-b-ar-Xm¡n amäm-hp-ao-b-gÂþ
¸memgn ho­pw aYn¡ \½Ä
]nXr-kvt\-l-¯nsâ ]qÀ®-X-bn X\n¡p e`n¨ k½m-\-ambn Xsâ t]c-¡n-Sm-hns\
amtdm-SW
- b
- v¡p¶ Ihn hkp-ss[h IpSpw_ k¦-ev]¯
- nsâ ]qÀ®-Xb
- n Dd-¨p-\n¡p¶
kvt\l-a-b-\m-Wv. icn-bmb Ime¯v aIÄ¡v \ÂInb hnhm-l-¯n\v ssZhw \ÂInb
k½m-\-ambn At±lw t]c-¡n-Sm-hns\ ImWp-¶p. X§Ä¡n-t¸m-gp-­mb Cu hnc-lZp:Jw
]Xps¡ Aar-Xmbn amdp-sa¶pw kvt\l-¯nsâ ]memgn ho­pw aYn-¡m³ km[n-¡psa¶pw At±lw `mcysb Biz-kn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
GsXmcp ]nXm-hn-sâbpw kz]v\a- mWv t]c-¡n-Sm-hns\ emfn-¡p-Is- b-¶X
- .v aI-fpsS Ipªn\v
]meq-«m¯ asäm-c½
- b
- mWv Ah-fpsS amXm-h.v t]c-¡n-Sm-hnsâ Nncnbpw sIm©epw Ahsc ]gb- Im-e¯
- n-te¡v Iq«n-s¡m-­p-t]m-Ip-¶p. B HmÀ½-IÄ AhÀ¡v kt´mjw \ÂIp-¶p.
IpSpw_ _Ô-¯nsâ Bgw Xsâ ]e Ihn-X-IÄ¡pw bqk-^en hnj-ba
- m-¡n-bn-«p­v. lrZ-b-t¯mSp tNÀ¶p \n¡p¶ `mh-km-{µX an¡ Ihn-X-I-fp-sSbpw apJ-ap-{Z-bmbn
ImWmw. ]nXr-hm-Õ-ey-t¯-¡mÄ Xo{h-amWv ]u{X-hm-Õeyw F¶ temI-XXzw Cu IhnX-bnepw Bg-¯n hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-­v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
64
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Pn.-i¦
- c
- -¡p-dp¸v
hÅ-t¯mÄ ]mc-¼cyw Gäp ]nSn¨v sIm­v cwK-{]-thiw sN¿p-Ibpw AtXm-sSm¸w
{]IrXn t{]as¯ B{i-bn-¨p-ff kz´w hyànXzw kv]pS-am¡n FSp-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX
Ihn-bmWv Pn. i¦-cI
- p-dp-¸v. {]IrXn Kmb-I³ tZi-kvt\ln anÌnIv Ihn knw_-fnÌv F¶v
H«-\-h[n kwÚ-I-fn ]ecpw Pn.sb \nÀÆNn-¨p. {]Ir-Xn-bpw t{]ahpw ebn¨p tNÀ¶
A\p-`qXn k¼-¯mWv Pn.bpsS BZy-Ime Ihn-X-If
- psS Poh ssNX-\y-ambn hÀ¯n-¨-Xv.
{ItaW tZim-`n-am\w At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-Xm- c-N-\m- Iu-Xp-Is¯ kzm[o-\n-¨p XpS-§n.
1928 Â kmlnXy IuXpIw H¶mw `mKw {]kn-²o-I-cn-¨-tXmsS Imev]\
- n-IX
- -bpsS ]pXp-]ndhn i¦-cI
- p-dp-¸n Is­-¯p-¶p. Bim-t\-¡m-tfsd DÅqcpw hf-ft- ¯mfpw Pn.sb kzm[o\n-¨n-cp¶p F¶v At±-l¯
- nsâ XpSÀ¶p-ff Ihn-XI
- f
- n \n¶v a\-Ên-em-¡mw. hf-ft- ¯mÄ
Ihn-Xb
- nse `mh kpµcamb cN\m kujvT-ha
- Ã Df-fqÀ Ihn-X-bnse \nKq-l\
- -amb k{¼Zm-b-amWv Pn ]n³Xp-SÀ¶-Xv. HmS-¡p-gÂ, ]mtYbw A´ÀZmlw sN¦-Xn-cp-IÄ, \nanjw
]Yn-Isâ ]m«v hniz-ZÀi\w a[pcw kuayw Zo]vXw, Poh\ kwKoXw h\-Km-b-I³ kqcyIm´n XpS§n Ccp-]-Xn-tesd Imhy kam-lm-c-§Ä Pn. {]kn-²o-In-cn¨n-«p-­v. a\pjy
Pohn-X¯
- nsâ hyXykvX taJ-eI
- f
- n Xsâ Imhy-{]-Xn` hym]-cn-¸n-¡m³ Pn. {ian-¡p-¶p.
\nanjw
s]«¶p h¶p IS¶p t]mIp¶ \nanjw Ime-¯nsâ AXn-£p-{Z-sa-¦nepw Aaq-eyamb Hcp LS-I-am-Wv. Ihn lrZ-bhpw Imehpw X½n-ep-ff kwtbm-K-¯nsâ k´m-\amWv {]kvXpX IrXn. AXn hnIm-chpw `mh-\bpw Nn´bpw ]c-kv]cw ebn¨v sFIyw
{]m]n-¡p-Ibpw CW-§nb Hcp {]Xn-cq-]-¯nsâ klm-b-t¯m-Sp-IqSn "\nanjw' Hcp A\p`q-Xn-bmbn cq]-sa-Sp-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. Xmev¡m-en-I-amb Hcp kmaq-ln-I-Po-hn-X-{]-tabw
CXn {]Xn[z\n-¡p-¶n-Ã. F¦nepw tIh-e-\mb Hcp a\p-jy\pw Ime-sa¶ al-¯mb
LS-Ihpw X½n-ep-ff kwL-«-\-¯nsâ Hcp \nan-js¯ Ncn-{X-ap-­n-XnÂ.
Pohn-X-¯nsâ am[p-cys¯ \ni_vZw IhÀ¶p-a-d-bp¶ Acq-]-\n-an-j-¯nsâ {]Xncq-]-amWv ]qhn \n¶p tX³\p-IÀ¶v AXns\ hnK-Wn¨v ]d-¶p-t]m-Ip¶ at\m-l-c-§fmb ]q¼m-ä-Isf lÀjm-ÛX
- -§t- fm-Sp-IqSn t\m¡n \n¡p¶ apKv² _men-I-bm-Wv, Ihn`m-h-\. hm¡nsâ t\cnb \mS-bn Hcp \nan-js¯ IpSp¡n AZv`pX hnI-kz-c-amb It®mSp-IqSn `mh\ \nco-£n-¡p-¶-XmWv kµÀ`w. \nan-j-¯nsâ NndIv Pohn-X-¯nsâ I®p\o-cn-\m BÀ{Zam-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. At\-I-lr-Z-b-§-fpsS hnNn{X hnIm-c-§Ä {]Xn-_nw-_n¡p-¶-Xn-\m hÀ® i_-f-amWv Hmtcm \nan-jhpw AXnsâ Ne-\-¯n B{K-lm-Xq-emamb At\I kl{kw Bßm-¡-fpsS sh¼-em-Wv. \nan-j-§Ä ]d-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶p. AhbpsS Nnd-In sXmSp-hm³ Ignª `mh-\-bn ]än-¸n-Sn-¡p-¶Xv kv\nKvZ-§-fmb kvac-WIÄ am{XwþNncn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Ic-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ HmÀ½-IÄ am{Xw. £p{Z-§-fmb
Cu apKvZ Ne-\-§-fpsS iàntbm? `mh\ A¼-c¶p t]mIp¶p AXv HmÀ¡p-t¼mÄ
""F{X-ta £p{Z-a-tÃm-tcm \nan-j, amþ
¸{X-a-Sn¨Xp ]mdnse-¦nÂ''
Pohn-X-kv]-µ-\-§Ä D­m-hn-Ã. IÀ½-§Ä Ah-bpsS ^e-§sf {]m]n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. AXp
Nnd-I-Sn¨p t]mIp-t¼mÄ
""AÞ-I-Sm-lhpw ap³t]m«p ap³t]m«p
NÞamw thK-¯n \o§n-Sp-¶p.
Hmtcm Nnd-ISn P´p Nn¯-§-fnÂ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
65
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Hmtcm hn[-¯n {]Xn-²z-\nt¡
IÀ½ kwkv¡m-c-¯n³ amÀ¤-¯n-eq-Sth
­³a arXn-IÄ Nhn-«n-t¡dn
sN¶nSpw PohnX tLmj-bm-bv¡Xp
Xs¶-bm-Wm-\-I-²zm\ tIfn''
B \nanjw AXns\ Ihn {i²n-¨p. P\-\-a-c-W-§Ä¡n-S-bn IqSn-bp-f-f- kww-kvIm-c¯nsâ amÀ¤-¯n A\m-Zy´ Pohn-X-tLm-j-bm-{X-bpsS hn`n¶ hmZy [z\n-tI-«p. ]e-Xc-¯n-ep-ff anSn-¸p-IÄ Hcp \nan-j-¯n hnNn-{X-ambn tafn-¡p-¶p. Hmtcm Ne-\hpw PohnX-¯nsâ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn-te¡v ]cn-Wm-a-amÀK-¯n-eq-sS-bp-ff Im shbv]m-Wv. AXn-\mÂ
{]]© ]cn-Wm-a-t¯tbm PohnX \iz-c-X-tbtbm Ipdn¨v Ihn¡v AZv`pXw am{Xta DÅq.
`bhpw timI-hp-an-Ã. Cu \nan-j-¯nsâ ]cn-Nbw Ihn-bn PohnX bmX\ kpk-lhpw
`mhn Bim-h-l-hp-am¡n XoÀ¡p-¶p.
""Pohn-X-¯nsâ ]g¼q¡Ä sImgn-ªmse
´o hn[-ap-ff Nnd-I-Sn-bmÂ
\qdp \qdmbnc-aà ]cn-Wma
\qX\ `wKn-IÄ sam«n-Sp-¶p.
Aw_-c-a²yw Xnf-¡p-s¶m-cm-ZnXy
_nw_hpw sI«p-t]m-sa-¦n-ems«
A¡-cn-bqXn ]nSn-¸n¨p asämcp
Xo¡«bp­m¡pw kÀ¤ iàn''
Pohn-Xs¯ kw_-Ôn-¡p¶ Cu D³ta-jhpw hnizm-khpw Nne-cp-sS-sb-¦nepw lrZ-b¯
- nÂ
AXnsâ {]Xn-[z\n Is­-¯n. tIh-ea
- mb Hcm-ßm-hn-jv¡c
- Ww F¶-Xn-\-¸p-dt- ¯¡v lrZb-kw-hmZw km[n-¡p¶ Hcp Iem-cq]w IqSn-bmbn amdp-¶p. kuµ-cys¯ BZÀi-¯nÂ
am{Xw ImWp-Ibpw PohnXw sIm­v Benw-K\w sN¿m³ Ign-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶
hncl hnlz-ea
- mb `mh\ B Imap-I\v \nan-j-¯nsâ Nnd-In kzk-tµiw Ipdn-¨p-sIm­v
AXns\ bm{X-bm-¡p-¶p.
""sIm¨p \nan-jta bm{X-tNm-Zn¨p sImþ
­n¨n´ \nÀ¯p-¶p, t]mhpI \o
Rm\-S-¡o-Sp-sa³ I®q-\oÀXpÅn hoþ
Wn \ÂNn-dIp Ipgbpw ap³t]''
Imew Xs¶-bm-Wn-Xnse {]ta-bw. Hcp \nan-j-¯n hniz-hym-]-Xnbpw A\-´-Im-ehpw
{]Xn-^-en¨p ImWp-t¼m-gp-ff hnkvab Xc-f-X-bpw, ]mdn-t]m-Ip¶ \nan-j-§-fnse kz]v\§Ä Fs¶¶pw km£m-Xv¡mcmXo-X-amb Xs¶ Ccn-¡p-sa¶ Bi-¦-bn \n¶p-W-cp¶
timI-hn-tem-ee
- X
- bpw GXp tXP:]pRvPw Nm¼-embnt¸mbmepw hniz-kÀ¤ iàn asämcp
tXPkv hnc-Nn¨v Pohn-Xs¯ ]ns¶bpw hnSÀ¯p-sa¶ {]Xo-£-bp-amWv Cu IrXn-bpsS
`mh-km-a{- Kyw.
N§¼pg þ a\-kzn\n
1911 HIvtSm-_À 11-þmw Xn¿Xn CS-]-f-fn-bn P\n¨ N§-¼pg ae-bm-fn-Isf Gähpw
IqSp-XÂ kzm[o-\n¨ Ihn-bm-Wv. CS-¸-f-fn-sb-t]mse hnjm-Zm-ßIXbmWv N§-¼p-g-bpsS
apJ-ap-{Z. PohnXw H¶msI Ihn-X-bm-¡n-am-änb Ihn. {]mW³ thÀs]«p t]mIp¶ kµÀ`¯nepw N§-¼pg Fgp-Xn.
""thZ-\, thZ\ el-cn-]n-Sn¡pw
thZ\ Rm\-Xn apgp-Is«
B[p-\n-I IhnX
66
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
apgp-Is« aa Poh-\n \ns¶mcp
apcfo arZp-ch samgp-I-s«''
BßZp:Jw Akm-[m-c-W-amb Na-Xv¡m-c-t¯msS Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p¶tXmsSm¸w kaq-l¯nsâ Ne-\-§Ä ]IÀ¯m\pw N§-¼pg X¿m-dm-bn. Ahn-sS-bmWv N§-¼pg Ihn-XbpsS P\-Iob kz`mhw hyà-am-Ip-¶-Xv. kz´w Poh cà-¯nsâ \ndhpw aWhpw NqSpw
IeÀ¶-XmWv N§-¼pg IhnX. ImÂ]-\n-I-X-bpsS iàamb kzm[o\w ImWp-¶p-s­¦nepw N§-¼pg dnb-en-Ìn-¡m-Wv. cà ]pjv]-§Ä, kv]µn-¡p-¶ AØn-amSw, _mjv]mRvPen, HmW-¸q-¡Ä ]mSp¶ ]nim-Nv, kzc-cm-K-kp-[, caW³ XpS§n 40 Xntesd IhnXm
kam-lm-c-§Ä N§-¼pg cNn¨n-«p-­v. Bbn-c-¯n-tesd `mhm-ßI Ihn-X-IÄ DÄsImÅp¶ hn]p-e-amb Imhy {]]-©-amWv N§-¼pgbptS-Xv. `mjm-em-fnXyw, BJym-\m-kuIp-amcyw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS \nd-]-In-«mÀ¶ hÀW-\-IÄ. hmMvab Nn{X-§Ä {]am-\p-`q-Xn-bpsS
Dujva-fX Km\m-ßI
- X
- , Xn{h-amb hnjm-Zm-ßI
- X klm-\p-`qXn Bß-{]-Xn-^e
- \w F¶nh
N§-¼pg Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv. kv{Xo N§-¼p-gsb kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw
A`n-i]vX i_vZ-am-Wv. AXn kpJw tXSm³ At±-l-¯nsâ ico-chpw a\Êpw kZm
sImXn-¡p-¶p. B sImXn a\kzn\n F¶ Ihn-X-bn-ep-ap-­v. Cu Ihn-Xbv¡v Ihn-bpsS
Bß-I-Ym-]-c-amb ]Ým-¯-e-ap-­v. Pnhn-X-¯nsâ {]k-¶hpw apKv²-hp-amb Hcp `mhw
Nn{Xo-I-cn-¨p-sIm­v Bcw-`n-¡p¶ a\-kzn-\n-bpsS kuµ-cy-¯n Ihn XnIª sshImcnI Xn{h-Xt- bmsS hnebw {]m]n-¡p-¶p. a\-kzn-\nsb ImWp¶ B aplqÀ¯-¯nse {]m]©nI ]Ým-¯ew t]mepw A`n-cm-ahpw Akp-e-`-hp-am-Wv.
""aª sX¨n ]q¦p-e-t]mse
aRvPna hnScpw ]peÀImte
\n¶p efntX \osb³ ap¶nÂ
\nÀhrXn X³ s]m³I-XnÀt]mse''
kpj-amw-Kn-bmb a\-kzn\n Cud³ XpIn-ep-Sp¯v Ihn-bpsS ap³]n {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ
krjvSn-bpsS BZy-hn-Imcw Ihn-bpsS ZrjvSn-bnepw a\-Ênepw ]pf-I-a-Wn-bn-¡p-¶p. Ipfn
Ignªv apSn-¯-e-¸p-sI«n AXn ]\n-\oÀ ]qNqSn \n¡p¶ Ah-fpsS ImÀIq-´Â
""Hä-]¯ntbmSm-bnc apS-ep-IÄ
Npän-]n-W-sªmcp aWn-\mKw
Nµ-\-e-X-bne t[mapJ ib\w
N´-tam-Sn-§s\ sN¿p-t¼mÄ
hne-kn, hnate sNdn-sbmcp ]\n-\oþ
ceÀ NqSnb \n³ NnIpc `cw
Km\w t]m KpW-Imhyw t]m aa
am\-k-tamÀ¯p kJo-\ns¶''
Ahsf ImWp¶ am{X-bn hnIm-tcm-±o-]-Ihpw Ahsf Ipdn-¨p-ff Nn´-IÄ IqSp-XÂ
Bkzm-Zy-hp-am-bn-cp-¶p. Ihn-bpsS lrZ-b-¯n XpSp-Xp-sS-sbmcp IhnX ]nd-¡p-¶p. aescmfn Xnc-fp¶ a[p-N-{µn-I-bn ag-hn sImSn-bpsS ap\-ap¡n Ihn B kuµ-cys¯
]IÀ¯m-s\m-cp-§n. Xs¶ Xs¶ ad-¶p-ff B Ccp-¸n Ihn B kuµ-cy-[ma¯nÂ
hnebw {]m]n-¡p-¶p.
]t£ Imew amdn. sImSnb hkq-cn-bpsS D{K hncq-]X B kuµ-cy-[m-a-t¯bpw
shdpsX hn«n-e. Ah-fpsS s]m¶p-S-en hkqcn sImSn-a-c-am-Sn. tImaf cq]n-Wn-bmb B
imeo\ kpµcn tImew sI«n-b-a-«mbn amdn. Ah-fpsS apSn-IÄ sImgn-ªp. apJ-N-{µ³
hrIrX Iem-hr-X-am-bn. s]m¶n tim`-t]mbn icocw apgp-h³ Imfn-a-bm-bn. I®pw
ImXpw t]mbn AhÄ shdp-samcp sXm­mbn amdn.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
67
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""\h-\o-X-¯n\p \mW-a-Wbv¡pw
\h X\p-e-X-X³ arZp-e-Xsb
ITn\w Nn´n-sb-dn-tªm-c-Sn-apSn
ISX-e-cm-In\ ]Sp-\n-cI
- Ä''
PmX-I-tZm-j¯
- m B s]¬Ip«n Ihn-bpsS `mcy-bmbn Xocp-¶p. kuµ-cys¯ {]W-bn¨
Ihn¡v FÃm-änÂ\n¶pw Hfn-t¨m-Sm³ tXm¶p¶p kuµ-cys¯ tXSn Ihn Ae-bp-¶p.
""]e ]e ca-Wn-IÄ h¶q, h¶-hÀ
]W-sa-t¶mXn þ \Sp§n Rm³
]e ]e Ia\n-IÄ h¶p h¶-hÀ
]Z-hn-IÄ hmgv¯n \Sp§n Rm³''
In¶c I\y-Isb t]mse Nncn¨v Ihn-¡p-ap-¶n hnf-§n-bXv AhÄ am{Xw. AhÄ Ihnsb
Biz-kn-¸n-¡p¶p kvt\ln-¡p-¶p.
""Ft¶m-S-cpfn sb\n-¡-hn-Sps¯
s¸mt¶m-S¡
- p-g aXn-btÃm
\n¶psS ]pÃm-¦p-g-en-sX-\n-s¡mcp
s]mt¶m-S¡
- p-g-em-Wt- Ãm''
Ah-fpsS kvt\lw Ihnsb asäm-cm-fm-¡p-¶p. B ]pXp-tem-I-¯n þ kvt\l-tem-I¯n þ Ihn-sbmcp bph-cm-Pm-hm-Ip-¶p. I®pw ImXp-an-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶n«pw Xn®-bn Ihn
Im Ip¯p-t¼m-tg¡pw Ah-fpsS apJ¯p hnS-cp¶ Xncn-¨d
- n-hnsâ ]p©ncn Ihnsb AZv`pX-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. AÔ--bm-W-¦nepw B `h\w tkh\ _Ôp-c-am-¡m³ AhÄ¡v Ign-bp¶p. Ah-fpsS kvt\l-¯n ASn-a-s¸«p Pohn-¡p-t¼mgpw kl-P-amb ZpÀhm-k-\-IÄ CSbvs¡ms¡ Ihn lrZ-b-¯n kÀh Icp-¯p-sa-Sp¯v DW-cp-¶p-­v. ]t£ Chsb Pbn¡m-\p-ff iànbpw Ihn¡v Ah-fnÂ\n¶v e`n-¡p-¶p. Hcp {]Xn-tj[ kzchpw Ah-fnÂ
\n¶v DbÀ¶p-tI-«n-«n-Ã. F¦nepw a\-kzn-\n-bpsS Ic-fn GtXm hnjmZw X§n \n¡p¶p­v. Ah-fpsS hnIr-X-amb B Ihn-įS-§-fn I®o-cnsâ \\-hp-­v. sImSp-¦m-äedn t]ag s]¿p¶ CS-h-¸mXn ]mXn-c-bn AhÄ \n{Z-bn-e-a-cp-t¼mÄ AIe¯p-\n¶p
tIÄ¡p¶ Nne i_vZ-§Ä AhÄ¡v Nne kXy-§Ä shfn-s¸-Sp-¯m-dp-­v. At¸mÄ
Im«m-f³ IW-bm FbvXp-ho-gv¯nb ss]¦nfn ImX-ca
- mbn ]nSp-bp-t¼mse Ah-fpsS tNX\bpw ]nSn-In-«m¯ GtXm thZ-\-bn ]pf-bp-¶p.
Ah-fpsS lrZ-b-¯n\p \ÂInb thZ\ Ihn-bpsS lrZ-b-¯n thZ-\-bpsS el-cnbn apgp-Im-\p-ff t{]cW \ÂIp-¶p.
\n³IYtbmÀt¯mÀs¯³ Ic-fp-cpIn
k¦Â]-¯n hne-bnt¡
GtXm \nÀhrXn C¡n-fn-Iq«n
tNX-\-b-Wnhq ]pf-I-§Ä
thZ\, thZ\ elcn ]nSn¡pw
thZ\ Rm\-Xn apgp-Is«
apgp-Is« aa Poh-\n \ns¶mcp
acpfo arZp-c-h-sam-gp-I-s«.
XnIª atkm-¡n-Ìmbn amdp-I-bmWv Ihn. Cu Ihn-X-bpsS BZy-`m-K¯v Karen Horney
hni-Zo-I-cn-¡p-¶ a«n-epÅ Moving towards people F¶ hnIm-c-am-Wp-­m-hp-¶-Xv. ]ns¶
hkqcn ]nSn¨v hnIr-X-ambn apJw I­-t¸mÄ Movving away from the people F¶ `mhw
{]I-Sa
- mbn ImWmw. a\-kzn-\n-bpsS lrZ-b-¯n hnja hnjm-Z-§Ä A¦p-cn-¡p-¶Xv I­B[p-\n-I IhnX
68
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
t¸m-Ä Mooving away from the people F¶ {]XoXn Xs¶ DZn-¡p-¶p. a\pjy a\-Ênsâ
C¯cw A´À`m-h-§sf tNÀs¯m-cp¡n hn`m-h\w sN¿m³ N§-¼p-gbv¡v Ign-ª-XpsIm­v Cu IrXn Pohn-Xs¯ ka-{K-ambn {]Xn-_nw-_n¡p¶ Hcp ImhymßI ZÀi\w
Xs¶ ]I-cp-¶p. Cu IrXn-bn-se-¶-Xp-t]mse kpe-fnX ]Z-L-S-\bpw Xmfm-ß-I-Xzhpw
sshcp-²y-`m-h-§fpw \mS-Io-b-Xbpw hnImc km{µ-Xbpw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-¯n Gsdsbm¶pw ImWp-Ib
- n-Ã.
CS-¸Ån cmL-h³]n-ff
kam-\ [À½m-¡f
- mb c­p Ihn tNX-Êp-If
- mbncp¶p CS-¸f
- fn cmL-h³ ]nf-fbpw
N§-¼pg IrjvW]
- n-ff
- bpw. CS-¸f
- fn¡hn-IÄ F¶v C-hÀ Adn-bs
- ¸-«p. Bßm-\p-Xm-]hpw
AXn-`m-hp-IX
- zhpw Zp:Jm`n-cX
- nbpw Ch-cpsS kam\ [À½-§f
- m-bn-cp-¶p. `mh-\m-tem-Ihpw
bYmÀ°-tem-Ihpw X½n-ep-ff sshcp²yw Chsc c­p-t]-scbpw Hcp-t]mse ]oUn-¸n-¨p. B
sshcp²yw \nb-Xn-bpsS \nbX kz`m-ha- m-sW-¶d- nªv AXn-t\mSv s]mcp-¯s
- ¸«v Hmf-¯n-s\m¸w
\o§m-\p-ff ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn XSn-Im-¯p-t]m-cp-Is
- b¶ PohnX {]{In-bsb sacp-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³
ChÀ¡v Ign-ªn-Ã. ac-Ws
- a¶ Bi-bt- ¯mSv Ah-cpsS Bßmhv lÀj-t¯msS kÃ-]n-¨p.
1936 Pqsse amk-¯n Ccp-]¯
- n-tbgmw hb-Ên Bß-lXy sNbvX cmL-h³]n-ff-bpsS Ihn-Xm-ka
- m-lc
- §
- f
- mWv \h-ku-c`- w, lrZb kvanXw, Xpjm-cl
- m-cw, aWn-\mZw, Ahyà-KoXw F¶n-h. ac-W¯
- nsâ aWn-ap-g¡w sIm­v tIc-fo-bm-ßm-hns\ sR«n-¨p-WÀ¯nb
"aWn-\mZw' cmL-h³ ]nf-f-bpsS Ah-km\ IrXn-bmWv c­mw Xe-ap-d¡
- m-cmb Imev]-\nI
Ihn-bpsS Gähpw anI¨ Btdm Gtgm IrXn-I-fn H¶mWv aWn-\m-Zw. A{Xbpw at\mcaWo-ba
- mb asämcp IhnX CS-¸-ffn cNn-¨n-«n-Ã. aWn-\mZw amXr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn-¸n\v DS³
A¨-Sn-¡-W-sa-¶m-h-iy-s¸«v Ab¨p sImSp-¡p-Ibpw CS-¸Ån B{K-ln-¨-Xp-t]mse acW
]ntä¶v (1936 July 6 \v) ]pd-¯n-d-§nb amXr-`qan BgvN-]-Xn-¸n aWn-\mZw A¨Sn¨p
hcnIbpw sNbvXp. ae-bmf at\m-ca DÄs¸-sS-bp-ff Zn\-]{- X-§f
- n B ac-Wh
- mÀ¯ h¶Xpw
A¶m-bn-cp-¶p.
aWn-\mZw
aWn-ap-gp¡w acW Zn\-¯nsâ
aWn-ap-g¡w a[pcw hcp¶p Rm³
A\p-\b
- n-¡p-hm-s\-¯pw-sa³
Iq«-tcm-Sc
- p-fn-Ss
- «-sb-¶´
- y-bm-{Xm-samgn
ad-hn-X-¶n adªp a\-Êm-se³
ac-Wt- `-cn-bS- n¡pw kJm-¡tf
kl-X]
- n-¡m¯ temIta þ sb´nepw
kl-Ic
- n-¡p¶ imc-Zm-Im-ita
...........................................................
...........................................................
hcn-Ib
- m-WnXm Rms\m-c[:IrX³
Ic-bp-hm-\mbn ]nd-t¶mcp Imap-I³
Cu Pohn-XN
- n-{X-¯n CtX hsc Nhn-«nb FÃm- apĸm-XI
- f
- p-sSbpw sXfnª tcJI-fp­v. Cu hcn-IÄ¡n-Sb
- n sNdp-¸-¯nte A½ \jvS-s¸«v AÑsâ c­mw `mcy-s¡m¸w
AÑsâ AcnjvS i¼-f-¯n CÃm-bva-bp-tSbpw Ah-K-W-\I
- -fp-sSbpw apdp-ap-dp-¸p-If
- p-ambn
XÅn \o¡nb _meyhpw sslkvIqÄ ¢mÊnse ]T-\¯
- n-\n-S-bn Ft¸mtgm A\p-{K-lambn hs¶-¯nb {]W-bhpsaÃmw \bn-s¨-Sp¡mw. Xsâ Pohn-X¯
- n-sem-cn-S¯pw HmÀ¡m³
\Ã-sXm¶pw At±-l¯
- n-\p-­m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
69
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
kzP-\thjw Na-ªh
- À \ÂInb at\m-lc
- amb ]p©n-cn-bn BIr-jvS\
- mbn, B
kvt\l-¯n hniz-kn¨v Bg-af
- ¡
- m³ sN¶-t¸m-gmWv Imcn-cp-¼nsâ Agn-¡I
- ¯
- mWv Xms\¶v
Xncn-¨d
- n-ªX
- .v B Xncn-¨d
- n-hmWv At±-ls¯ KmV-amb {]W-b¯
- n-te¡v \bn-¨X
- .v
XS-shgm t{]a Zmcn-{Zy-t_m-[-bmÂ
XS-hp-Im-c\
- mbv Xo˦-h\
- mWp Rm³
B {]W-b¯
- n Ihn B­p-ap-§n. IpSn-ep-sIm-«m-ca- m-Ip-¶Xpw ssIt¯m-«n-se-¯p-hm³ sh¼n
IS-en-c¼
- p-¶Xpw Ihn Adn-bp-¶p. ]t£ H¶n-¡m-s\m-cp-§p¶ B {]W-b-¯nsâ Agn-ap-dn¡m-\m-sb-¯p¶ Ccp-fnsâ aWn-ap-g¡w Xsâ Pohn-X¯
- nsâ ac-Wa
- p-g¡
- a
- m-sW¶v Ihn-¡d
- nbmw. B Adnhv {]W-b\
- jvS¯
- nsâ {]t_m[\w ac-Ws¯ kvt\ln-¡m³ Ihnsb ]Tn-¸n¡p-¶p. ac-W¯
- nsâ a[p-c-am-kzZn-¡m³ Ihn X¿m-dm-hp-¶p.
aWn-ap-g¡w ac-W-Zn-\¯
- nsâ
aWn-ap-g¡w a[pcw hcp-¶p-Rm³
Nncn-IÄ tXmdp-sa³ ]«S Xos¸mcn
NnX-dn-Sp-t¶m-c-c-§-¯p \n¶n\n
hnS-X-cq-aXn t]mIs« Rm\p-sa³
\S-\-hn-Zybpw aqI kwKo-Xhpw
Cu bm{X tNmZn-¸n-t\m-sSm¸w Ihn a\-Ênsâ \njvI-f-¦X IqSn shfn-s¸-Sp-¶p.
""hnhn[ coXn-bn-semä \nan-j-¯nÂ
hnj-a-am-W-\n-¡m-Sp-hm³ ]mSp-hm³''
Xm³ Pohn-¡p¶ kaqlw X¶n \n¶m-in-¡p¶Xv Ah-c-hÀ¡n-jvS-amb coXn-bn \h-ck-§Ä {]ZÀin-¸n-¡m-\m-Wv. ]t£ X\n-¡n\n AXn-\m-hn-Ã. a\-Ênsâ Zp:Jw Hfn-¸n¨p
sh¨v apJ¯v ]p©ncn A`n-\-bn-¡p¶ Hcp hyàn-bm-Im³ Bhnà ]p©n-cn-sb¶ Ipeo-\amb IÅw sIm­v s\©p s]m«p¶ thZ-\sb Hfn-¸n¨p shbv¡m³ Ign-bmsX Ihn
{]]©k-Xy-§Ä¡p ap¶n tXmÂhn k½-Xn-¡p-¶p.
Xsâ Ifcn amdn I¨-sI-«m³ Ihn {ian-¡p-¶p-­.v AWn-bs
- ems¡ Ignªv aWn-bd- b
- nen-cn-¡p¶ hc-\mbn kzbw k¦Â]n-¡p-¶p-­v. ]e Zn\hpw ]e ]e coXn-bn ]cn-Nb
- n¨p
t\m¡p-¶p-­v. H¶pw ^en-¡p-¶n-Ã.
C\n-sbmcp DZ-b-ap-s­-¦n B DZbw Xsâ DZ-I-Ir-Xy-§Ä sN¿p-hm-s\-¯p-¶-XmhWw F¶m-{K-ln-¡p¶ Ihn lrZbw \pdp§n Ic-bp-¶p. CS¡p XXzm-Nn-´m-]-c-amb Xncn¨-dn-hp-I-fp-ap-­v.
""Ønc-Xb
- n-Ãm¯ temI-¯n-se-´n-\mbv
Nnc-hn-cln Rm³ taen-ep-tI-gWw
a[p-c-am-Wn\n Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p-hm³
Ccp-fn-em-cp-a-dn-bmsX sb{X-\Ä
Ic-fp-s\m´p Rm³ tIgp-a-\-À¤fw''.
X\n-¡m-bncw cl-ky-§f
- p-­m-bn-cn-¡p-sa¶pw lrZ-ba
- n-Ãm¯ Cu temIw F´n-\mWp Xsâ
ac-W-Im-c-W-a-t\z-jn-¡p-¶-sX¶pw Ihn tNmZn-¡p-¶p. Xsâ a\-Ênse Bbncw thZ-\-IÄ
ac-Ws¯ sImXn¨v a\-Ên-en-cp¶v hn§n-¡c-bp-I-bmWv kvac-W-bmbn ]d-¶p-h-s¶¯n acW-i-¿-bn am´-fnÀ NmÀ¯m³ ka-b-am-bn.
"ka-b-ambn Rm\p þ \ofpw \ng-ep-IÄ'
£a-b-f-¶Xm \n¡p¶p \ofth
IXnÀ hncn¨p hnf-§p-a-¡mÀ¯nIm
I\-I-Xm-c-ap-s­³ IÀ½ km£n-bmbn
F´nepw kl-X-]n-¡p¶ imcZmIm-i¯v Xsâ sNbvXn-IÄ¡v km£nbmbn-cn-¡p¶ B
ImÀ¯nI Xmc-t¯mSv X¶n \n¶-I¶v A]-¦n-e-bm-bn-cn-¡p¶ Xsâ {]W-bn-\n-bn-eqsS
B[p-\n-I IhnX
70
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Ihn-fn-W-bn Zp:Jw hcp-¯msX t\m¡ms\ F¶pw Xsâ Ah-km-\-¯n Ihn {]mÀ°n¡p-¶p-­v. ac-W-¯n\v Hcp§nbn-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw Xsâ Cu Ah-Øbv¡v Imc-W-¡m-c-\mb
H¶n-t\bpw i]n-¡mt\m shdp-¡mt\m Ihn a\Êv X¿m-dm-Ip-¶nà F¶Xpw {it²-b-amWv. Ieva-j-an-Ãm¯ a\-Êv.
Xsâ lrZb `n¯nbn \n¶v HgpIn Xocp¶ Hmtcm cà _nµp-hpw {]W-b-Km-\-sagp-Xp¶ Xsâ Xqen-Ibv¡v DWÀhm-sb-¦n F¶v Ihn B{K-ln-¡p¶p þ Gäm ^en¡ptam F¶v Ihn ktµ-ln-¡p-¶p.
Imev]-\n-Isâ A´Àap-JX
- zhpw arXyp t_m[hpw ac-WI
- m-a\
- bpw Cu Ihn-Xb
- psS
{it²-b-amb kz`m-ha
- m-Wv.
arXn Ft¸mgpw \ngÂt]mse H¸-ap-s­¶ Adnhv CS-]-Ån-¡p-­m-bn-cp-¶p. arXn
A\n-hm-cy-X-bm-Wv. PohnX ]mc-X-{´y-¯nÂ\n-¶p-ap-ff ct£m-]m-b-ambn k¦-ev]n¨v acWs¯ a[p-cn-I-cn-¡m-\p-ff hnNmcw sasà sasà Ihnsb ]nSn-Iq-Sp-¶p. ac-Ww, B{K-l\n-hr-¯n-bpsS kpµ-c-tem-I-¯n-te-¡p-ff Ihm-S-ambn Xocp-¶p. Imev]-\n-I-amb Hcp
AkvXnXz Nn´-bmWv CS-¸Å
- n-bpsS Pohn-X¯
- nepw Ihn-Xb
- nepw \mw ImWp-¶X
- v. sshImcn-IXbn apgpIn \n¶mWv CS-¸-ffn Pohn-Xt¯bpw ac-W-t¯bpw Ipdn¨v ]mSp-¶-Xv.
AkvXn-Xz-hn-Nm-cs¯ Xo{h-X-c-am-¡p¶ ]cn-Xy-à-t_m-[hpw Ihnsb th«-bm-Sp-¶-Xmbn
ImWmw.
CS-¸-f-fn-bpsS kzbw lXy-bpsS ]ntä¶v ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bn h¶ dnt¸mÀ«nÂ
]tc-X³ Igp¯n-semcp ]qam-eb
- W
- n-ªn-cp-¶X
- ns\ Ipdn¨v ]d-bp-¶p-­.v B ]qame CS¸ffnbpsS ac-W-¯nsâ {]XoI emhWyw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶p. ac-W-¯nsâ hc-W-am-ey-am-bncn¡mw AXv. kvt\l ]mc-X-X-{´y-t¯m-Sp-ff kpK-Ô-a-b-amb {]Xn-tj-[-hp-am-W-Xv. acWs¯ kqNn-¸n-¡p¶ {]Xn-am-\-§-fn PohnX cXnbpw ac-W-c-Xnbpw Hscmä _nµp-hnÂ
kt½-fn-¡p-¶-Xmbn B ]qam-e-[m-c-W-¯n ImWmw. arXn-c-Xn-bn ]mc-X-{´y-\n-cm-I-cW-aÃ
- msX Pohn-X\
- n-cm-Ic
- Ww A´À`-hn-¡p-¶n-Ã. Ihn A\p-`h
- n¨ ]mc-X{- ´y-§Ä kvt\l
]mc-X-{´y-¯n {]Xn-^-en-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. CS-¸-f-fn-bpsS Xnc-kvIrX t{]aw Xnc-kvIr-Xa
- mb
kzmX-{´y-am-Wv. Ihn-bpsS Imap-In, Ihn-bpsS A`n-em-j-§fpw IqSn-bm-Wv. Xs¶ Imap-I\m-¡p¶ Cu temI¯v XS-shgm t{]a Zmcn-{Zy-_m-[-bn XS-hp-Im-c-\mbv Pohn-¡mt\
temIw CS-¸-f-fnsb A\p-h-Zn-¨p-f-fp.
kzmX{´yw B{K-ln¨ Ihn acWw Xnc-sª-Sp-¯p. ]mc-X-{´ys¯ \ncm-I-cn¡m³ th­n At±lw Bß-lXy sNbvXp. Bß-lXy Hcp \ncm-I-c-W-am-sW¶v Ihn
]d-bp-¶p­v. (Suicide is a repudiation, The myth of Sisyphs) F¦nepw Bß-lXybnÂ
A\-iz-cX D­m-bn-cn-¡W
- w. A§-s\-b-ÃmsX h¶m kzlXy Hcp kam-izm-ka
- m-hp-Ib
- nÃ. ZrVtam Bßo-b-X-bn Dcp-In-sX-fn-ªtXm AÃm¯ Hcp A\-iz-c-Xm-t_m[w arXn
cXn-bn eo\-am-Wv.
]n.-Ip-ªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ
"Zn¡pw ]¡p-a-dn-bmsX t\chpw Zqc-hp-a-dn-bmsX A\´ hnlm-b-Ên Ing-t¡-XmsW¶v At\z-jn¨p sIm­v Aeªp Xncn-bp¶ Hcp hnjp-¸£n. ae-bm-f-¯n Hcp IhnbpsS Bßmhv IS-¶p-IqSn AXv AhnsS IqSp-Iq-«p-I-bm-Wp-­m-b-Xv.'þ ]n.-Ip-ªn-cm-a³
\mbsc Ipdn¨v Fw.-eo-em-h-Xn-bpsS hm¡p-I-fm-Wn-Xv. hnc-l-th-Z-\bpw Krlm-Xp-c-Xzhpw
Imev]-\nI Ihn-I-fpsS s]mXp kz¯m-sW-¦n B _m¦n Gähpw hn]p-e-amb Ønc\n-t£]w Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-cpsS t]cn Xs¶ ]Xn-ªp-In-S-¡pw. ]n.-bsS IhnXm
B[p-\n-I IhnX
71
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
kmI-ey-¯n kmwtKm-]mwKw hym]n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ \jvS-t_m-[-¯n\v Hcp-hy-àn-Xe
- hpw Hcp
kaq-l-X-ehpw D­v. ssIhn-«p-t]m¶ ssii-hw, [n¡-cn¨p t]m¶ CjvS P\-k-¼-¶-amb
Xd-hm-Sv, ]qÀW-ambn kz´-am-¡m¯ hnZy, \nµn-¡s
- ¸« k¼qPy Kpcp-P\w Chsb-]ä- nbpff
\jvSt- _m-[hpw A\p-i-bhpw hyàn Xe-¯n Ch Xs¶ {]Xn-Im-ßI
- a
- mbn Xocp-t¼mÄ
kmaq-ln-I-am-\hpw ssIh-cp-¶p. "HmWw' Hgn-¨p-Iq-Sm-\m-hm¯ Ihn-¡q-«mWv ]n.-Ip-ªn-cmasâ Ihn-X-I-fnÂ.
Cta-Pp-I-fsS tLmj-b m{X C{X-tbsd sshNn{Xy sshhn-[y-§ -tfm-s Sbpw
BhÀ¯\ IuXp-I-t¯m-sSbpw kwL-Sn-¸n-¨n-«p-ff asämcp Ihn-bn-Ã. Hcm-ib _oPw þ
Hcp `mh hnImkw þ Hcp IhnX F¶Xà ]mtä¬ ]SÀ¶p-]n-Sn-¡p¶ At\-Im-i-b-§Ä
hnI-kz-c-amb At\-I-`m-h-§Ä FÃmw sXmSp¯p tImÀ¯n-W¡n Ah-X-cn-¸n¡p¶p Htc
Ihn-X-bn þ CXmWp ssien.
{][m\ IrXn-IÄ þ hmk-´n ]q¡Ä, aWn-ho-W, ]q¼m-ä-IÄ, A´n-¯n-cn, A\´³ Im«nÂ, `{Z-Zo-]w, ]S-hmÄ, \nd-]d
- , ]mXn-cm-¸q-h,v iwJp-\m-Zw, t{]a ]uÀWan, hc`n£,
Ifn-b¨
- ³ , \£-{X-am-e, ]q¯m-en, ]qame, Xma-ct- ¯m-Wn, HmW-¸q-¡Ä, Nne-s¼m-en, ctYmÕ-hw.
Ifn-bÑ
- ³
Bß-\n-jvT-amb kzѵ hnIm-c-[m-c-bpsS A\n-b-{´nX {]hmlw ae-bm-f-¯nse
B[p-\nI Imev]-\nI Imhy-im-J-bn AXnsâ ]c-am-h[n ip{`X-tbm-sSbpw sXfn-a-tbmsSbpw `mcX kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS lna-hXv t{iWn-bn \n¶v Dd-h-sb-Sp-¯Xv ]n.-Ip-ªn-cma³ \mb-cpsS Ihn-X-bn-em-Wv. Bß-\n-jvTX AXnsâ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Ibm Ihn-bpsS PohnX-hp-ambn _Ôn-¸n-¡msX AXns\ DÄsIm-Åp-I-h-¿m. {]tXy-In¨pw hnNm-c-[m-cm-cq-]¯n cmjv{So-bP
- o-hn-Xt- ¯bpw kaql ka-ky-tbbpw sshb-àym-\p-`h
- t- ¯bpw tImÀ¯nW¡n Ch aq¶n-sâbpw A´À [mc-bmb B[p-\nI Pohn-X-¯nsâ kwLÀjw {]I-S-am¡p¶ Ht«sd Ihn-X-IÄ ]n.-Ip-ªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-­v. AXn Gä-hp-a-[nIw
DuÀÖw {]k-cn-¸n-¡p¶ Bew-_\ hn`m-h-amWv Ifn-b-¨³. XnI¨pw {]XoIm-ß-Iw.
Ifn-b-ѳ, Ifn-b-c§v \S³ Ch-bn-eqsS A\m-hr-X-am-Ip¶ Hcp Pohn-X-¯nsâ Nn{Xw!
\S³ Kpcp-hns\ [n¡-cn-¨X
- n-\p-tijw ]Sn-]S- n-bmbn A[:]Xn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ Zpc´ timIhpw
HSp-hn ]Ým-Xm] Xobn Zln-¨-Xn-\p-tijw hn\-b-¯nsâ \h-tem-I-t¯¡v ]pXnb
Nnd-Ip-I-tfmsS DÂ]-Xn-¡p-¶-Xnsâ {]Xym-im-{]-Im-i-hpamWv {]ta-bw.
`mc-Xob \mSy-Iem km^-ey-amb IY-If
- n-bc
- §
- mWv thZn. Ifn-b¨
- sâ cN-\m-inev]w
Hcp hnNm-c¸
- Z- ¯
- n-tâ-Xm-W.v Iem-Po-hn-X¯
- n Xncn-¨d- n-hn\pw hnth-I¯
- n\pw ]mIw h¶ \S³.
""H¡n-sÃm-cn-¡epw taen-se-\n-¡n\n
C¡-fn-tbm-K-¯n H¯p-I-fn-¡p-hm³''
H¡nà F¶p tXm¶n Ign-ªm ]ns¶ BÀ¡pw thjw sI«n-¡m³ ]än-Ã. H¯p-Ifn
F¶Xv Ifn-tbm-K-¯nse BZys¯ Bh-iy-am-Wv. hyànXz hmZw AhnsS ]mSnÃ. klI-c-Whpw XymK-hp-amWv th­-Xv. Xsâ Zpc-´s¯ Cu \S³ t\cn«v BJym\w sN¿p-¶nS¯v Cu a\p-jy³ \ho\ `mc-Xo-bsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-Iq-Sn-bm-hp-¶p. At¸mÄ Abm-fpsS
Zpc´w `mc-X-¯nsâ ZpÀZ-i-bp-ambn H¯n-W-§p-¶p. C§-s\-bmWv Cu Bßob Ihn-Xbn C´y³ cmjv{So-b-¯nse A]-Nbw [z\n-¸n-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
Ifn-bÑ
- s
- \¶ Ihn-Xb
- nse thj-¡m-c\pw Ifn-bm-im\pw X½n-ep-ff _Ô-hn-tijw
]pÀÆ-\nÀ±n-jSv a- mb [Àa-Nyp-Xn-bpsS ]cym-ba- m-W.v Ifn-bc- §
- n Hcp \Ssâ anI-hnsâ ]n¶nse
B[p-\n-I IhnX
72
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
iàn Abm-fpsS KpcpXzw BWv F¶ ]mc-¼-cy-hn-izmkw C¶pw {]_-e-am-Wv. Hcp CjvSt¡-Smbn Fs´-¦nepw ]d-ªm aXn CSn-¯o-t]mse injysâ a\-Ên G¡pw.
"ZpÀ½pJw ImtW-s­-\n¡v' F¶mWv Hcn¡Â iIm-cn-¨X
- v. AtXmsS injy³ am\kn-I-ambn XIÀ¶p. Bß-hn-izmkw ]¼I-S-¶p. sXm«Xpw ]nSn-¨-Xp-saÃmw i\n-]n-g-bmbn. Xo{h-amb ssh^-ey-t_m-[-t¯msS B \S³ Ifn-tbmKw hn«v Ae-bm³ XpS-§p-¶p.
A§-s\-sbm-cmÄ Ac-§-¯p-h-¶mtem? ]¨-bn I¯nbpw XmSnbpw! AXm-bXv hncp²
`mh-§-fpsS Hcp hI tImamfn¯am-hpw, eb-t¯m-sS-bp-ff ckm-`n-\b
- -¯n\p ]Icw hcn-I.
IncoSw Ncnªp t]mIpw Np«n ASÀ¶p t]mIpw.
""t]mhm-X-bm-b¶p sXm«p Rm³ s]m¶-Wnþ
t¡mhn-en-ep-Õh¸´Â¡-fn-I-fnÂ
tImehpw sI«p ssIhn-«p-t]m-bv¡-«cpw
Ime hnNm-c-¯n-epÄs¸« [qÀ¯s\
h«w Xncn-bp-¶p ]´Â, AS-cp¶p
sNm«n; IocnSw sNcn-bp¶p ta¡p-taÂ
s]m«n-¯-g¨p {]Xn-tj[ Kocp-IÄ
sIt«­ thj-amao sNm«n-b-S-cp-thm³''
Kpcp-hns\ [n¡-cn-¨p. ho­pw [n¡-cn-¡m-\p-ff {]tem-`-\s¯ \nb-{´n-¡m³ Ign-bmsX
AbmÄ[n-¡m-cn-bmbn amdn. ssZhs¯ [n¡-cn¨ km¯ms\ ssZhw kzÀK-¯n \n¶p
]mXm-f-¯n-te¡v HmSn¨p hn« BZn-cp]w ChnsS HmÀ¯p t]mIp-¶-Xn sXän-Ã. im]-{KkvXX-bpsS Zb-\ob Nn{Xw ]e _nw_-§-fn-eqsS \à sI«p-d-t¸msS hc-¨p-Im-«p¶p Ihn.
""{Iqc-an-Sn-¯o-bn sh´p-t]m-bn-tIi
`mc Inco-S-a-Wn-tb­ akvXIw
Imfna ]qip-¶p-h-¶-aq-h-´n-IÄ
tIfn-sIm-«p-t¼mÄ \Sp-§p-¶p-am-\kw
H«p ckn-¡p-hm³ `ocp-hn³ thj-§Ä
sI«n {Iam-semcp `ocp-hmbn XoÀ¶p Rm³
hÃ-t\-c¯pw ]Xn-ª-]Zw \n¶p
sNmÃn-bm-Sp-t¼mÄ Dd¡w hcp-¶pta''
Ifn-b -c -§ p-a mbn ]cn- N -b -a p- f- f -h Àt¡ Cu D²-c -W n- I- f nse "`ocp, ]Xnª ]Zw,
tN§et¡mensâ ho¡v, hm§n-¡-fn¡, ad-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-hÀ' F¶o ssien-I-fnse Hu-Nn-Xykq-£va-Xbpw ckn-I-Xbpw ]nSn-In-«q. Xmfw a\-]qÀÆw sXän¨p tKmjvSn-bp-­m¡n kzbw
hnUvVn-bm-hp¶ thj-¡m-cm-\mWv `ocp. kwt_m-[-\-Im-«m³ th­n hnf-¡n-sâ-b-Sp¯p
\n¶p ]nt¶m-«p-am-d-emWv hm§n Ifn-¡Â. ]ni-Ip-]-än-bm (Kp-cp-im-]-ta-ä-h\v ]äp¶
A_-²w). "s]m¶m\n' Xsâ I¿nse tN¦n-e-tIm-ep-sIm­pw ]pd-¯p-X«pw A§s\ kw`hn-¡p-¶Xv Ac-§n B \Ss\ ]cn-lm-ky-\m¡pw "]Xn-ª]
- Zw' Nu¡ Ime-¯n Xmfwþ
Ømbo-]n-Sn¨v Ne-\-an-ÃmsX \nÂt¡-­n-h-cp¶Xv Gdp-¶-Xn-\m-em-Â, {i² ]X-dp-¶-bmÄ
Dd¡w Xq§p-¶-p.
1.
2.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
Np½m ]e ]e thj-§Ä sI«n-bnþ
¶mß-kz-cq-]s¯ Hmcm-sX-bmbn Rm³
Bcy-]-c-¼-cm-ZÀiw ad-¶p-t]mbv
Imcyw ad¶ shdpw Ifn-¡m-c-\m-bv.
73
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
thj-¡m-c\pw Ifn-bm-im\pw X½n-ep-ff _Ô hntijw a\p-jy\pw Cuiz-c\pw X½n-epff _Ô-sa¶ \nebv¡v AÀ° Zo]vX-am-hp-¶p-­v. CXn Ihnbpw AÑ\pw X½n-epff
_Ô-¯nsâ Bß-kw-LÀjs¯ IqSn Xpd¶p ImWn-¡p-¶p. hyàn \njvTm-\p-`-hamWv Ifn-bÑsâ t{kmXÊv (C-cp-]Xmw iXIw BZyw kmhn{Xn A´ÀÖ-\s¯ kvamÀ¯
hnNmcw sNbvX-t¸mÄ hy`n-Nm-c-Ip-ä-¯n\v {`jvSv Iev]n-¡-s¸« Adp-]-¯-©p-t]-cn Hcmfm-bn-cp¶ Imhp-¦Â i¦-c-]-Wn-¡À F¶ {]kn² \Ssâ Ncn{Xw ChnsS kqNnXw.
1.
sN¯hpw Nqcp-a-S§n ]Sp-Xncn
I¯n-¡-cnªq Ifn-hn-f-¡n³apJw
2.
]m«p-I-gntªmcp Kmb-I³ sh¨Xmw
tN§ew t]mse ab-§p-¶p-`q-Xew
B `qX-e¯
- n khn-ti-ja
- mb hyàn Zp:Jhp-ambn Ihn¡v Ae-tb-­n-h¶
- p. kzbw Iev]nX-amb Hcp {`jvSv Hcp ]Ým-¯m]w t]mse Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbsc ]n³Xp-SÀ¶n-cn-¡mw.
""aªn Ipfn¨p Ipfn-cmÀs¶m-cm-Xnc
sX¶Â Ipdp-\n-c-sbm¶p apI-cWw
ap´n-cn-Nmdp ]ngn-bp¶ aqh´n
H¶mbv Nnc-«b
- n-en-¯n-cn-tam-´Ww
cmImiim¦ apJnbmw cP-\n-X³
hmÀ Iq´-en apÃ-ame NqSn-Im-IWw''
{]IrXn kuµ-cy-¯n A`n-c-an¨v GIm-In-bmbn ac-t¨m-«n kz]v\w I­p InS-¡p¶
\nfm-Xo-c¯v apKv² Nn¯-\mbn Ae-bpI, \£-{X-§sf t\m¡n cm{Xn Nne-hm-¡pI,
FÃmw Ihn¡v elcn Xs¶-bm-bn-cp¶p. {]IrXn kuµ-cy-¯nsâ aqÀ¯n-aZv `mh-ambn
kv{Xo kuµ-cy-t¯bpw I­n-cp-¶p. AhsbÃmw s]mXpsh C{µn-bk
- p-Jm-kà
- n-bp-tSbpw
PohnX cXn-bp-tSbpw hnZypXv kv^penw-K-§sf hnX-dp-¶-h-bmWv.
""tXmg\mw sIm¨p-an-Sp-¡sâ DÀh-ioþ
thj-an-cp-«¯p I­p-an-c-­-\mÄ
tImehpw sI«p ssIhn-«p-t]m-bv¡q-«cpw
Ime-hn-Nm-c¯
- n-epÄs¸« [qÀ¯-s\''
Ccp-«¯v B DÀhio cq]w I­p hoWp-t]mb kl-\S³ B¬ s]¬ hyXymkw t]mepw
ad-¶p. BXp ]pcp-j³ sI«nb kv{Xoth-j-am-bn-cp-¶p. kzhÀK-cXn ChnsS [z\n-¡p-¶psh-¦nepw Imhy-_nw_w hfsc iàn-a-¯m-Wv.
Ifn-bm-imsâ XmSn \c¨ ZpÀhm-in¡v hg-§n-¡qSm F¶pw X\n-¡p-t_m-[n¨ thjw
Xm³ sI«pw F¶pw Dff `mhw! Ac-§ns\ kw_-Ôn¨v X\n¡v F¶pw Ifn-tbm-K-¯nÂ
H¯p-I-fn-¡p-hm³ h¿m. GI-\mbv Xsâ Imap-Insb kµÀin-¡Ww, aZyw tkhn-¡Ww
F¶psam-s¡-bp-ff {]tem-`\w hyàn Pohn-Xs¯ kw_-Ôn¨v Cu c­p \nÀ_-Ô§fpw tNÀ¶-t¸m-gmWv B \S³ Ifn-tbmKw hn«-Xv. ]n¶oSv
""teme ]oXmw-_c
- -NmÀ¯p-IÄ¡-¸pdw
]oen-apSn h\-am-e-IÄ¡-¸pdw
{]oXn-s¸m-en-a-X³ s]m³Xn-S-¼m-Ipam
tPymXn kzcq-]s\ ImWp-¶-Xn-Ãtbm''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
74
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Cu km£m-Xv¡m-c-¯n- c­p Nn{X-§Ä Iem-`wKntbmsS sXfn-bp-¶-Xp-Im-Wmw. H¶v
IY-If
- n-¡m-cpsS AWn-bd
- . AhnsS Ab-bn Xq¡n-bn-«n-cn-¡p¶ ]oXmw-_c
- §
- fpw amebpw
DSp-¯p-sI-«pw. D¯-co-b-§-fpw, AXn\p ]nd-In Nmcn-sh-¨n-cn-¡p¶ IrjvW-ap-Snbpw aäp
Inco-S-§fpw. AXn\p ]nd-In Ifn-tbm-K-¯nse Bim³ (Kp-cp). Ifn-b-ѳ alm-I-Wn-i¡m-c\
- m-Wv. A`ym-k-{]-IS- \
- §
- f
- nepw Ncy-If
- nepw XnIª \njvTbpw Nn«bpw ]peÀ¯p¶
Imcy-¯n Hcp ho«p-ho-gv¨bpw CÃm-¯-bm-fmWv. Nn«-sX-än¨v Xmt´m-¶n¯w Im«n Kpcpim-]-¯n\v ]m{X-ambn XoÀ¶v injy³ HSp-hn Xsâ sXäp a\-kn-em¡n Kpcp-hn-t\mSv am¸t]-£n-¡m³ th­n AWn-bd hmXn-en h¶v Df-fn-te¡p t\m¡p-¶p. Ah³ I­ Ifnb-¨sâ cq]-amWv ap³]v D²-cn¨ hcn-IÄ.
CXn Xs¶ Is­-¯m-hp¶ asämcp Nn{Xw CXnsâ AÀ°Kuc-hs
- ¯-bmWv hyàam-¡p-¶X
- .v euIoI taml-§Ä¡v, kzmÀ° XmXv]c
- y-§Ä¡v, hnj-bk
- p-J¯
- n-\,v ]m\-¯n\v
tXm¶n-bXp sN¿m-\p-ff kzmX-{´y-¯n\v Hs¡ {]tem-`n-X\
- mbn Cuiz-csâ amÀ¤-¯n \n¶v
(Nn-«b
- n \n¶v) hyXn Nen-¡b
- m ]m]w Gäp-hm-t§-­n-hc
- p-¶p. Xsâ sXän\v am¸n-c¶
- psIm­v B bph-lr-Zbw s\m´p {]mÀ°n-¨t- ¸mÄ Cuiz-c³ kw{]o-X\
- m-hp-¶p. B tPymXnkv
AbmÄ ZÀin-¡p-¶p. aª¸«p-Sp¯v h\-ame NmÀ¯n ]oen-apSn [cn¨v a\-Ênsâ AWn-bd- bn im´-amb Hcp {]Im-i]
- qRvPw km£mXv {io-Ir-jW
v {- ]-Xn-cq-]w.
A\p-`q-Xn¡v Xtâ-Xmb `mjyw Is­-¯e
- mWv B[p-\nI Ihn-Xb
- psS ssNX\y-sa¦n B B[p-\n-IX
- b
- psS ssIs¿m¸v `{Z-ambn hm§n kq£n-¡p¶ Ihn-bmWv ]n. Ipªn-cma³ \mbÀ. Iem-tZ-hX
- b
- psS D]m-kI
- s
- \¶ \ne-bv¡p-ff A`ym-k¯
- n\pw C{µnb taml-§fpsS ]pd-tI-bp-ff Ae-¨n-en\pw IY-Ifn \S³ F¶ IYm-]m-{Xhpw Ihn F¶ hyàn-bpw Hcpt]mse ap³]n Xs¶. C¡m-cW
- ¯
- m-emWv Bß-IY
- m-]c
- a
- mWv Ifn-bÑ
- \nse sshIm-cn-IXew F¶v ]ecpw tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bX
- .v kwLÀj-`c
- n-Xa
- mb aÀ¯y-Po-hnXw Hcp Ifn-bc
- §
- m-hpt¼mÄ Cu _nw_w Pohn-Xb
- m-{Xsb sam¯¯n {]Xn-^e
- n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
75
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
_mem-aW
- n-b½
bqWnäv þ 3
Imhy-tem-I¯v ]n.-Ip-ªn-cm-a³ \mb-sc-t¸m-se, CS-tÈ-cn-sb-t¸mse Hä-Xn-cnªp
k©-cn-¡p-Ib
- pw, GXp _l-f¯
- n-¶n-Sb
- nepw thdn«p tIÄ¡m-hp¶ P·-\m-Zw-sIm­v klrZb
{- i-²sb BIÀjn-¡p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp Ih-bn-{Xn-bmWv _mem-aW
- n-b½
- . kaXzw, kzmX{´yw
apX-embn B Ime-L-«s¯ BtÇ-jn¨ Be-ànI Xcw-K-§-fpsS {]hÀ¯\w Cu Ihnbn Xsâ KmÀlnI koa-I-fn-sem-Xp-§p¶ coXn-bn hym]n-¨p.
"agp-hnsâ IY' F¶ kam-lm-cs¯ tI{µ-am-¡n, _mem-a-Wn-b-½-¡-hn-X-bn-te¡v
""Xn³asb¯IÀ¡p-hmþ
\sÃ-¦n Icm-fao
sh¬a-gp-sh-\n-t¡In
sb´n\p kZm-in-h³''
F¶ \ymb-¯n³ta lnwkbv¡p Imc-W-ambn lnwksb ImWp-Ibpw H¸w ]cn-lm-cambn lnwk-sb-Xs¶ Ah-ew-_n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ ]c-ip-cmasâ IY-bm-Wv, Ihn-bpsS
]Wn-bm-e-bnÂ, agp-hnsâ IY-bmbn ]cn-Wan-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. 1956 \hw-_À H¶n\p {]kn-²s¸-Sp-¯nb "amXr-`qan tIc-f-¸n-d-hn-¸-Xn-¸n-emWv Cu IhnX BZy-ambn shfn¨w I­Xv.'
Imäpw shfn-¨hpw H¨bpw Imev¡n-gn-eqsS ]mªn-d§pw ]Sn A{X Db-c¯
- nÂ, atl{µm-N-e-¯nsâ inJ-c-¯n Ccp-¶p-sIm­v A\p-i-¢m-´-\m-b, ]c-ip-cm-a³ sN¿p¶
BßXymK-¯nsâ cq]-¯n-emWv agp-hnsâ IY Npcp-f-gn-ªp-h-cp-¶-Xv. £m{X-c-àhpw
{_mÒ-Wt- X-PÊpw Xosc s]mcp-¯s
- ¸-SmsX InS-¡p¶ GXm\pw taJ-eI
- Ä ASÀ¯n-tNÀ¯v
Dcp-¡n-sb-Sp¯ Hcp Iq«p-temlw sIm­mWv ]c-ip-cma hn{K-l-¯nsâ \nÀ½nXn. PohnX
kmbm-Ó-¯n \S-¯p¶ Hcm-ß-]-cn-tim-[-\-bn Xm³ AtXhsc [À½w Fs¶®n
sNbvXp-Iq-«nb IrXy-§-fn H¶p-t]mepw kq£va-¯n [À½-am-bn-cp-¶n-söv At±lw
Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. lnwk-sb-Ip-dn¨v BÀj ]mc-¼-cy-¯n \n¶p e`n-¡p¶ ]mT-§Ä Dcp-¡gn-¡p-t´mdpw DbÀ¶p-hc
- p¶ {]iv\§
- Ä¡v D¯cw Is­-¯m³ {ian-¡p¶ Ihn a\-Ênsâ
BÀ{ZX ChnsS \s½ sXm«p-WÀ¯p-¶p.
Ipe-¯nsâ hnip-²n-¡mbn kz´w A½sb sh«n-sIm-tÃ-­n-h¶ aI³. B A½bn Btcm-]n-¡-s]« Ipäw F´m-sWt¶m AsX{X efn-X-am-bn-cp¶p Ft¶m {i²n-¡p¶n-Ã. {_mÒ-Wy-¯nsâ tXP-kn "Pa-Zán'sb¶ Xsâ ]nXmhv Bt{Im-in-¡p-¶s
- XÃmw
kXy-am-sW¶v B aI³ hniz-kn-¨p.
""a[p-am-k-¯n IpbnÂ
IqIp¶ Im´m-c¯
- nÂ
aeÀ]q-s´-gp-amäp
h¡¯p \ns¶-¶½
IpfnÀs¡ t\m¡n-¡-­mÄ
t{]a-tem-e-cmbn \o´n þ
Ifn¡pw KÔÀhÀX³
Pnhn-tXm-Õ-h-¯ns\
s\Sp-hoÀ¸n-«m, sf¶pw''
ssIh-cm-¯-hÀ¡mbn/¸nSbpw Ic-fp-ambn;/]ns¶-bm-{iaw ]p¡mÄ.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
76
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
tImÄa-bnÀ sIm­v ico-c-hp-ambn `ÀXr-]-£-¯n-te¡p sN¶-Wªp F¶ Htc
Hcp sXtä tcWpI sNbvXn-«p-f-fp. aq¶p a¡sf {]k-hn¨ B `mKy-lo\ Xsâ aq¶mas¯ ]p{X-\mb cmasâ ]ciphn\n-cb
- mbn inc-tÑZw sNbvXp a®n hoWp-cpfp¶p bmK
]ip-hn-s\-t]mse im´-amb apJ-ap-f-f-h-fm-bn-cp-¶ptcWp-I.
"a\Êm sN¿s¸« ]m]-ta-Kp-cp-X cw' F¶ {]am-W-¯ n³ta A½-b psS
t`mKm`nemj-¯n\v aIsâ ssIsIm-­p-ff ac-Wa
- mWv Aѳ hn[n-¨X
- v. amXr-lX
- ym-]m]w
t]m¡p-hm³ XoÀ°-bm{X sNbvXpw sIm­v Ducp-Np-änb ]c-ip-cm-a³ lnwk-bnepw t`mK§-fnepw aZn-¡p¶ £{Xn-b-Ip-e-§Ä XnanÀ¡p-¶-Xp-I-­p. amXr-l-´m-hn³ agp s]m´m¯-sX-´n- Êp-tJm³a-¯À X³ t\À¡v F¶v a\kp a{´n¨p £{Xn-bsc aptÆgv h«w apSn¡p-¶-Xn\v CXp-Iq-Sn-Im-c-W-amWv; AÑsâ hfÀ¯p ]¿ns\ £{Xn-bÀ A]-l-cn¨p F¶p
tI«Xv Hcp kZy {]tIm-]-\w. Aѳ ]Tn-¸n¨p sImSp¯ lnwkm-]mTw aI³ icn¡pw ]Tn¨ncp¶p F¶v sXfn-bn¨v ImÀ¯-ho-cy-h-[-¯n-\p-tijw hcp¶ cmas\ t\m¡n Aѳ ]dªXv C§-s\-bm-Wv.
XpÑamw ]I-t]m-¡m³
tbmKn-If
- o«w Iq«n
sh¨ am\k iàn
]mgm-¡n-btÃm Iptª!
F¶v KpW-tZm-jn-¡p-Ib
- m-Wv BZyt¯Xv Ipe hnip-²n-¡p-th-­n-bm-bX
- n-\m [À½w; atäXp
]I-t]m-¡m³ th­n-bm-b-Xn-\m A[À½w F¶mWv Ejn ZÀi-\-sa-¦n AXp th­pw
t]mse DÄs¡m-Åm³ ]p{X\pw Ign-ªn-«n-Ã. B sshcp²yw hngp-§pI BÀ¡pw Ffp-¸a-Ã. A§s\ lnwk hmk-\sb sacp-¡m³ Ign-bmsX Gsd-¡mew Ae-ªp-Xn-cn-ªX
- n-\pti-j-amWv kXyw shfn-s¸«p In«n-b-Xv.
""tXmfn \ns¶-Sp-¯p-Sp\Ite-bv¡-I-tebv¡p
]mfp-amZnhymbp[ sadnªp If-ªp.
A§-s\-bmWv ""\oe-hm-\n\p Xmsg ]¨-\m-¡n-e-sh-¨-t]m-se-bp-ff Hcp `q`m-K-¯nsâ DZbw. ]t£ B agp-hnsâ aq{Z Bßm-hn ]Xn-ª-h-cmtWm ChnsS hmgp¶ Bßob
]p{XÀ''! \nkzhÀK-¯nsâ B{ia ]ip-hns\ It¿äw sN¿m³ aSn-¡m¯ Hc-[oi hÀ¤w''
Inep§pw ]S-t¡m¸pw Xnf-§p-ap-Sp-¸p-ambv Iq¯m-Sp¶ `h-X¡
v m-e¯
- ,v D³aq-ek
- w-lmc {]{Inb
A\n-hm-cy-am-sW¶pw h¶n-cnt¡ apgp-h-ÃmsX aäp-ac
- p-s¶-´-¦n-ep-apt­m F¶ Nn´-bmWv
Cu IYbv¡v F¡mehpw {]kàn \ÂIp-¶-Xv.
A{I-a-¯nepw t`mK-¯nepw kzmÀ°-¯nepw apgpIn `qan Ipep¡n k©-cn-¡p¶
Hcp hÀ¤hpw A¸p-d¯v Kncn-hm-kn-Ifpw \njvIn-©\cpw ia{h-Xcpw ssZh hnizm-kn-Ifpw
aqIcpw X]-ip-jv¡-cp-amb asämcp hÀKhpw F¶v hyà-am¡n thÀXn-cn-¡m³ ]mI-¯nemWv agp-hnsâ IY-bnse i_vZ-hn-\ym-k-sa¶pw B hgn¡v AXns\ hÀ¤ kwL-«-\¯nsâ Xe-¯n-te¡v hymJym-\n¨v F¯n-¡m-sa¶pw tUm. F. eoem-hXn Ihn-Xm-cXn F¶
]pkvX-I-¯n tNÀ¯ ]T-\-¯n hyà-am-¡p-¶p. BZyw A½-bpsS ac-W-¯n \n¶mcw-`n¨ sXäp-I-fpsS bm{X ""Hcp sh¬a-gp-hnsâ Xocm¯ cà-s¡m-Xn-¡n-c-bmbnt¸mtbm-sc®-aä PohnX'' §fn-eqsS t]mIp-¶Xpw I­p. AtXmsS B Znhym-bp[w FSp-s¯-dn-ªp,
AI-te¡v. X]: ]pjvS-§-fmb iàn-IÄ krjn-Sn-¡p-th-­n-bm-Wv, kwlm-c-¯n-\p-th-­nbà lnwk-bpsS Xntcm-[m-\-¯n ]pXnb kuµ-cy-¯nsâ `qan DZn-¨p. IS-ensâ ]p©n-cnt]mse sh¬a-W Xpcp-¯p-IÄ, agbpw aªpw shbnepw amdn amdn hcp-t¼mÄ ]¨-bWn-bp¶ Xmgvhc-IÄ s\¡-XnÀ Xn§p¶ I­-§Ä, Iqä-³- AIn-SmÀ¶ ss]¡Ä tabp¶
B[p-\n-I IhnX
77
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]p¯-In-Sp-IÄ FÃmw sIm­pw ]pXnb kuµcy `qan. AhnsS P\-§Ä IpSn-tb-dn¸mÀ¯p. kvt\l-¯nsâ ASn-¯-d-bn« PohnXw hfÀ¶p-Xp-S-§n. C¶v Kncn-irwKw ]q­v
X]Êp sN¿p¶ ]c-ip-cm-a³ bpK-§-fpsS hc-hp-t]m-¡p-Ifpw Pohm-ß-¡-fpsS hfÀ¨bpw
Zo£n-¨-t¸mÄ Xsâ ]pXnb kuµ-cy-`q-an-bn Is­-sX-´mWv? agp-hnsâ IY-bpsS
BhÀ¯\w! h\m-´c kwkv¡m-c-§sf \K-c-kw-kvIm-c-§Ä aqSn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. lnwk-`m-h\-bpsS cu{Z-`mhw I­p Nn´n-¨p.
""hfÀt¶ hcp-¶tÃm
am\h a\x-iàn
hgntb ]­-t¯-Xpþ
Xs¶-sb-¶m-hs
- \t´''?
Pohn-X¯
- nsâ irwK-¯n X]Êp sN¿p¶ lnwk Xsâ hgn-bn Xs¶ XpSÀ¶p t]mIp¶
P·m-´-c-§tf I­p-sR-«p-¶-Xm-Wn-Xv. C¶v tIcf P\X ]c-ip-cm-asâ ]gb agp-th-´nbmWv \S-¡p-¶Xv ^etam I®ncpw ISp-t\mhpw ]Ibpw Xs¶ At¸m-sg-´mWv Cu Ncn{X-¯nsâ BhÀ¯\w ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
""GsXm-cm-ZÀi-\¯
- n\pw
a¶nse Imtä¡p-t¼mÄ
X³\ndw sISm-sa¶pw
GXp \³abpw {IamÂ
ap\-IqÀ¸n-¨n-t«äw
bmX-\m-h-la
- m-¡m³
Ignbpw \c-s\¶pw''.
tIc-f-¯nsâ PohnXw agp-hn-sâ IY-bn {]]© Pohn-X-ambn amdp-¶p. ]c-ip-cm-a³ B[p\nI temI-¯nsâ [À½ k¦-S-§-fpsS {]Xn-_nw-_-am-Ip-¶p.
amXr-Xz-¯nse hÕ-e`- m-hs¯ anÌn-kn-k¯
- nsâ {iotIm-hn-en {]Xn-jvTn¨ _mema-Wn-b½ Cu Ihn-X-bn amXr-l-´m-hnsâ NqSp-c-à-¯n bpK-¯nsâ apgp-h³ kXyw
Is­-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. a\p-jysâ hfÀ¨sb ]än Ih-bn-{Xn-¡p-ff ]Iz-amb Adn-hmWv
CXp ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv.
CS-tÈcn tKmhn-µ³ \mbÀ
tIcf Ncn-{X-¯n khn-tij kmaq-lnI cmjv{Sob kmwkvIm-cnI kÔn-bn-te¡v
]nd¶v B Ncn{X aplqÀ¯-¯n sh¨v ae-bm-fn-bpsS kzXz-t_m-[s¯ kuµ-cym-ß-Iambn \nÀh-ln-¡m³ {ian¨ Ihn-bmWv CS-tÈ-cn. Xsâ hÀ¤hpw {]tZ-ihpw ae-bm-f-Imhy
hyh-lmc Ncn-{X-¯nse Xsâ kµÀ`hpw A\p-`-h]
- m-cm-bW ]cn-io-e\
- -§-fn \n¶v Xm³
cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp¯ Imhy-{]-Xy-bi
- m-kv{X-¯nsâ {]tXy-I-XI
- fpw CS-tÈcn Ihn-X-If
- psS
{]Xn-`m-kz-cq-]s¯ CX-c-k-a-Im-eo\ Ihn-I-fp-tS-Xn \n¶v hyXy-kvX-am-¡n.
CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS ASn-Øm\ hÀKm-\p-`mhw iàhpw {]Xy-£h
- p-ambn km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p¶
Ihn-XI
- f
- mWv ]p¯³ Iehpw Acn-hm-fpw, ]Wn-ap-S¡
- w, IpSn-bn-d¡
- Â, Imf-h­
- n, Duˬbpw
hn¯q-¶epw, NIn-cn-¡p-gn-IÄ, \mf-s¯-]m-«v, A`n-\µ
- \
- w, s\Ãp-Ip-¯p-Imcn ]mdp-hnsâ IY
XpS-§n-bh
- . {]Ir-Xn-bp-am-bp-ff Ihn-bpsS _Ô-¯nsâ thsdmcp cq]w CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS amXr
tZh-Xm-k¦
- -ev]¯
- n-ep-­v. Gsd ]T\ hnt[-b-amb ]qX-¸m«v CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS amXr-k¦
- -ev]t¯bpw tZhXm-k¦
- Â]-t¯bpw FSp¯p Im«p-¶p. ]qX-¸m-«n CS-tÈcn IYm-Jym-\¯
- nsâ
Xe-¯n \n¶v an¯nsâ Xe-¯n-te¡p hcp-¶p. ]qX-¯nsâ hchv sImbv¯p Ignª ]mS¯n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hcp-¶tXm sImbvXp \ndª apä-§-fn-te-¡pw, a\-Êp-If
- n-te¡pw Ip«n-IfpsS Nncn-bn-te-¡pw. kz´w hÔy-XmZp:Jw hb-en-sâbpw a\p-jy-kv{Xo-bp-tSbpw ^e-k-ar²n-bn ]¦p-]än ad-¡m-\p-ff Blzm\w B £W-¯n\p ]n¶n-ep-­v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
78
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]qX-¸m«v
hnf-¡p-sh¨v kÔym-\m-ahpw Ign-ªp, Dd¡w Xq§n-s¡m­v KpW-tIm-jvThpw Dcphn«v C\nbpw D®m-dm-bn-«n-ÃtÃm Dd§­ ]qXs¯ ]än Hcp ]m«p-tI-t«mfp F¶n-§s\
tPyjvT ktlm-Z-cn-bpsS kw`m-j-W-¯n-eqsS IhnXm {]t£-]Ww XpS-§p-¶p.
""tI«n-«ntà XpSn-sIm«pw IeÀþ
t¶mSp Nne-¼n³ Ie-¼-ep-IÄ
A¿t¿m hc-h-¼nfn ¸q¦pe
sa¿n-e-Wnª Icn-¼qXw
ImXn ]n¨-f-t¯mS Igp-¯nÂþ
¡e-]e ]mSpw ]­-§Ä
Acp-In-\-ep-¡-Wn-¨mb IncoSw
Xe-bn-e-Wnª Icn-¼qXw''
[mcm-hm-ln-bmb IY-\-coXn, KZy-]-Zy-an-{i-Ww, hmbvsam-gn-bpsS kzm`m-hn-I-amb Xmf-h-«-§tfmSv cRvPn-¨p-t]m-hp¶ hr¯-coXn Bhmt]mZzm-]§
- t- fm-Sp-Iq-Snb BhÀ¯-\§Ä, cmjv{Sob-¡m-cpsS Iivae hyh-lm-c-§-fm Iep-jn-X-ambn Ign-ªn-«n-Ãm¯ ]gb \m«p-`mj XpS§nb {]tXy-I-X-IÄ Cu Ihn-Xb
- n ImWm³ Ign-bpw. ]e-Xcw hr¯-§f
- n \n_-Ôn¨
`mK-§Ä, Ah-bv¡n-Sb
- n kÔm-bI
- -§-fmb KZy-`m-K-§Ä F¶ tdUntbm coXn-bn cNn¡-s¸« Cu Ihn-X-bn ]g-a-bpsS ]©mcn apg-¡p¶ {Kmao-W-Xbpw AXnsâ hnip-²nbpw
amXr-Xz-¯nsâ al-\o-b-amb kl-\-Xbpw Cg-tNÀ¶n-cn¡p-¶p.
KZy-`mKw ipjvIK
- Z- y-aÃ
- . ]Zy-¯nsâ Im´-he
- b
- ¯
- n-te¡v BIÀjn-¡s
- ]Spw hn[w
hr¯-K-Ôn-bm-Wv. ]Zy-`m-K-am-Is« Xptemw ÇY-_-Ô-amb hr¯-¯n-emWv. P\ ]Z-Ko-XnI-fn `mh-\bv¡v hn«p sImSp-¡m-dp-ff IhntÑZ-§sf \nI-¯m³ ChnsS kÔm-bI
- h
- m-Iy§Ä \nth-in-¸n¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
]d-b-¸q-X-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯nse ]qÀhm¦w sXÃv `oXn P\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv. AIse
ImWp¶ Ip¶nsâ adp-]pdw \nKq-VX
- I
- f
- psS \ne-ba
- m-Wv. Ahn-sS-bp-ff ]md-s¡-«n-¶SnbnÂ
]IÂ shfn-¨a
- p-ff A{Xbpw t\cw ]qXw ]mÀ¡p¶p; a\p-jy-tem-I¯
- nse sNbvXn-Is
- fÃmw
Däp-t\m-¡n-sIm­v CS-b-¡p-«n-Isf h©n¨p ]ip-hnsâ ]m IpSn-¡p-I-sb-¶Xv Cu ]qX¯nsâ ]Xn-hm-W-t{X. cm{Xn-bn _Ôp-Kr-l-§-fn thgvNbv¡v t]mIp¶ A`n-km-cI³amsc s]m«n-¨q«v ImWn¨v hgn sXän-¡p-hm³ ]qX-¯n\v ck-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS ssII-fnÂ
\n¶v Xmw_qew In«n-bm `qX-¯n\v DÃm-k-am-bn. Xmw_q-e-sa-Sp¯v apdp¡n ]qXw s]m´bn-te¡p Xp¸nbXp \nan¯w tZho ]qtPm-]-I-c-W-amb sX¨n-]p-shÃmw XpSp-¯p.
Nne-t¸mÄ ]qXw ]ca kpµ-cn-bmbn amdn bphm-¡msf tamln-¸n-¡p-¶p.
""Xe-ap-Snbpw thdn-«p-¯-e-k-an-hÄ ]q¸p-©ncn
hne-kn-Sth hgn-h-¡n sN¶p \n¡pw''
F¶nt«mþD¯pw-Ka- mb Icn-¼\
- bpsS apI-fn sh¨v Xcp-W³am-cpsS Pohcàw BkzZn¡p¶p.
tijw
]d-bsâ Ip¶nsâ atä sNcn-hnse ]md-I-fn Nn¶pw apSn-bp-sa-Ãpw. ChnsS Cu
]d-b³ Ip¶pw Hcp NnÓ-h-Xv¡c-W-am-Wv. ]­p-Im-e¯v HSn-a-d-bpI F¶ ambm-hnZy ]db, ]mW-Pm-Xn-I-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸-«p-ff A`yq-l-§-fm-bn-cp¶p. i{Xp \n{K-l-¯nt\m, `bs¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xnt\m th­n HSn-a-d-bp¶ ]db Ncn{Xw C¶pw \m«p-\m-hp-I-fpsS IY-]-d-bÂ
s]cp-ab
- psS aqˬ-bm-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
79
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
amXr-Xz-¯nsâ al-\o-bX tcJ-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ angn-hmÀ¶ Nn{X-amWv \t§-enbpw
aI\pw X½n-ep-ff _Ôw
""Bän-³h-¡s¯ amfn-I-ho-«n-temþ
¶mäpt\män-s«m-cp®n ]nd-¶p.
D®n-b¡-c-bnse In§nWn s]m¶psImþ
­p®n¡p ImXn IpS-¡-Sp-¡³''
\t§en Ipªns\ ]cn-N-cn-¨tXm
""Xmsg-h-¨mÂepd-¼-cn-¨mtem
Xebn sh¨m t]\-cn-¨m-tem,''
F¶ akr-W-amb kvt\l-¯n Cu Ipªp-h-fÀ¶p.
""D®n-t¡gp hb-kp-I-gnªp
I®pw ImXp-ap-d¨p Ignªp''
Hmebpw Fgp-¯m-Wn-bp-ambn ]f-fn-¡q-S¯
- n-te¡v ]pd-s¸«p A½-bpsS I¬sh-«-¯p-\n¶p
adª Cu D®n¡v {]IrXn Hc-Zv`pX temIw Im«n-sIm-Sp-¯p.
""Ip¶n tamfn-te-¡p-®n-I-bdn
Ip¶p ss]¡fpw tabp-¶-I­p
sN¯n-]q-hp-IÄ ]¨¸-SÀ¸nÂþ
\ns¶¯n t\m¡n Nncn-¡p¶ I­p
sam«-¸m-d-bn tIdn-sb-cm-«n³
]äw-XpÅn Ifn-¡p¶p I­p.
D§pw ]p¶bpw ]q¯-Xn h­p-Iþ
sf§pw ]mdn-I-fn-¡p¶ I­p''
Ahn-sS\n¶pw \S¶v ]d-bsâ Ip¶n-\-¸p-d-¯p-ff B b£-tem-I-¯n-se-¯n.
""Bän-sem-en-s¨¯p am¼-e-¸p-t]mse
bmSn-¡p-g-sª¯pw a¼n-fn-¡-e-t]mse
s]m¶pw IpSw t]mse ]qh-¼gw t]mse
t]m¶p hc-t¶ms\ ]qXw I­p''
ChnsS CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS {Im´-ZÀinXzw \ap¡v ImWm³ Ign-bpw. B[p-\nI kmaq-lnI
Nn{X-§sf \ap¡v ChnsS tNÀ¯p hmbn-¡m³ Ign-bpw. A½-bpsS I¬sh-«-¯p-\n¶v
AI¶p \n¡p¶ Ipcp-¶p-Isf Im¯v CXp-t]m-se-sb-{Xtbm ]qX-§Ä hgn-tbm-c-§fn Im¯p-\n¡p-¶p. ]eXpw ]dªv tamln-¸n¨v bpàn hn[-pc-amb b£-tem-I-¯nte-¡p-ff {]th-i-\s¯ XS-bp¶ Hmebpw Fgp-¯m-Wnbpw hen-s¨-dn-bn¨v taml\ hmKvZm\-§Ä \ÂIn NXn-bpsS ]d-b-Ip-¶p-I-fn-te¡v Ib-än-sIm-­p-t]m-Ip-¶p.
am´-fn-cn³ Xqsh-ffn
sNdp-apà ]qap-\-bmÂ
]q´-W-en³ sNdp-Im-äþ
¯hn-sS-bn-cp-s¶-gp-Xmtem
Hme-sb-gp-¯m-Wn-Isf
Im«n-se-dn-ªn-§-Wbq
Hcp ]t£ Dcp-¡p-bpK-¯n-sâbpw A£-ct- em-I-¯n-tâbpw {]Xo-I-amb Cu Cc-s¼-gp-¯mWn-bm-bn-cn¡mw ssih-k-¦ev] temI-¯p-\n¶v a\p-jys\ {`jvS-\m-¡n-b-Xv. ]qX¯nsâ
kqàw tI«v B s]m¶p®n Hmebpw Fgp-¯m-Wnbpw hen-s¨-dnªv ambm-tem-I-¯n-te¡v
{]th-in-¨p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
80
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Fgp-Xp-hm³ t]mb InS-hm-h-¶oþ
sehn-sS-t¸mbv \t§en \n¶p tX§n.
Bän-³ Ic-bn-ep-S-\ofw hnfn¨p \S-¶p. ]cÂao-\p-IÄ Ne-\-sat\y {i²n-¨p. \t§en
]mS-§-fn-e-e-ªp. I¶p ss]¡fpw sNhn-IqÀ¸n¨v {i²n-¨p. Dg-hmb a®nÂ\n¶v s\SphoÀ¸p-bÀ¶p. Ip¶n³ ]f-fI-fn Ib-dn-bn-d-§n. \¯p-IÄ Xe-\o-«n-sIm­v kwK-Xn-bmcm-ªp. Hcp kvt\l-{]-]©w D®n-bpsS Imsem-¨-¡mbv ImtXmÀ¯p sIm­v B A½bpsS k¦-S-¯n\v Iq«mbn \n¶p. tX§-ep-IÄ ]qX-¯nsâ kao-]¯p sa¯n.
]qa-c-t¨m-«n-en-cp¶p ]qXw
]qh³]gw t]mep-f-fp-®n-bp-ambn
]qame tImÀ¯p-c-kn-s¡-tI«p
]qcnX Zp:Jan tX§-ep-IÄ
]qXhpw \t§-enbpw X½n t\cn-«p. c­v A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-i-àn-IÄ. ]qXw Imä-n³ Npg-enbmbn sN¶p. hmbhymkv{X-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨v `b-s¸-Sp-¯n. \t§en Ipän-I-W¡v Dd-¨p-\n-¶p.
]qXw Im«p Xobmbn Btá-bmkv{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-¨p. \t§en I®o-cp-sIm-­p-sI-Sp-¯n.
]qXw ]penbpw \cn-bp-am-bn. \t§en amXr-Xz-¯nsâ \nÊlm-bm-h-Øsb BßiànsIm­v Dd¸n¨p \n¶p.
ZtÞm-]m-b-§Ä hn^-e-am-b-t¸mÄ ]qXw kmtam]mb-sa-Sp-¯p. ]md-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ
Iq«n-sh-¨n-cp¶ s]m¶pw aWn-Ifpw Xcm-sa¶v {]tem-`n-¸n-¨p. \t§en Xsâ angn-IÄ ]dns¨-Sp¯v sN´m-ac¸q¡Ä t]mse kaÀ¸n-¨p. I¬a-Wn-tb-¡mÄ hne-]n-Sn¨ Ipªns\
Xcm³ \nÀ_-Ôn-¨p. hmÕey ZpÀ_-ea
- mb amXrXzw _enjvT iàn-bmbn amdp¶ ImgvN.
]qXw AÔ-bmb \t§-ensb h©n-¡m³ asäm-c-S-sh-Sp¯p a{´-hmZw {]tbm-Kn-¨p.
""sX¨n-t¡mep ]dn¨p ]qXw
tNsemSp a{´w P]n¨p ]qXw
asäm-cp-®nsb \nÀ½n¨p ]qXw
am¬t]m-sS-Sp-s¡-t¶mXn ]qXw
]p{Xs\ \t§en kv]Àiw sIm­v Xncn-¨-dnªp
s]ä-h-b-dns\ h©n-¡p-s¶mcp
s]m«-¸q-X-an-sX¶p IbÀ¯mÂ''
amXrXzw alm-Im-fn-cq]w ]q­p. D{K-im]w sIm­p \t§en ]qXs¯ Zln-¸n-¡m-s\m-cp§n. Cu iàn hn]-cy-b¯
- n ]qXw XfÀ¶p-t]m-bn. Ip«nsb XncnsI sImSp-¯p. \t§en¡v
angn-IÄ Xncn¨p In«n-. D{K-i-àn-bm-bn-cp¶ ]qXw hmÕ-ey-{]-`m-h-¯m ]cn£o-W-bm-bn.
ZpÀ_e _eh-Xnbpw {]_e _elo\-bp-ambn
""sXmgp-Xp-hn-d¨p \n¶q ]qXw
tXmäp-aS- §n-bS- §n ]qXw
A½ angn¡pw I¬ap-¼nsem
cp×-bn \n¶p Xn¦-sfm-fn¸q
]p©ncn s]bvXp IpfnÀ¸n¨p sImþ
­©nX tim`w s]m¶p-®n.''
I®oÀ XqInbpw s\SphoÀ¸n«pw \n¡p¶ ]qX-¯nsâ \ne-I­v ÇY Nn¯-bmbn XoÀ¶
\t§en Hcp kÔn-hy-hØ sNbvXp.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
81
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""aI-cs
- ¡mbv¯p Ign-ªn-s«-§sS
I­-ap-W-§n-¸q«pw Imew
If-a¡
- X
- nÀa-Wn-If
- h
- X
- n-eq-¡³
s]m¶n³ Iq¶p-IÄ ]q¡pw-Imew
h¶p aS-§W am­p-IÄtXmdpw
s]m¶p-®n-s¡mcp IuXpIw tNÀ¡m³
R§-fpsS hoSn\p awK-f-ta-Im³
R§Ä¡-©nX kuJy-ap-Zn-¡m³''
F¶m F´p-sIm-s­-¶-dn-bn-Ã. \t§en ad-¶tXm AsÃ-¦n ]qXw Ipªns\ ]nSn-¨pIf-ªmtem F¶p `b-s¸-«X
- p-sImt-­m Bhmw kz´w hotS-Xm-sW¶v \t§en ]d-ªn-Ã.
Ct¸mÄ aIcw ]nd-¶m D®nsb tXSn-s¡m­v ]qXw hoSp-IÄ tXmdpw Ibdn Cd-§p-¶p.
""D®nsb thtWm, D®nsb thtWm
Bfp-I-fn§s\-sb¯pw tNmZnþ
¨mSn-¸n¨p ]mh-s¯-¸e
]mSp-a-Xnsâ anSn¡pw Ic-fnÂ
Xmf-Ip-¯n\v XpSn-s¡m-Sp¶p
tX§-en-s\m¯ Ipg hnfn-tIĸq''.
tX§-en-s\m¯ Ipg- hnfn-tIĸq Nn§-am-k-¯n alm-_-en-bm-WtÃm tIcf
Krl-§Ä kµÀin-¡p-I. F¶m-en-hnsS ssItamiw h¶ Hcm-\-µ-¯nsâ {]Xym-b-\-¯n\p-th­n ]qXw tX§epw s\©n-Sn-¸p-ambn FÃm aI-c-am-k-Im-e¯pw hoSp-IÄ kµÀin¡p-¶p. B im]-¯n \n¶v ]qX-¯n\v tamN-\-an-Ã.
hmÕ-ey-¯m arZp-ehpw BÀ{Z-hp-amb amXrXzw Nne kµÀ`-§-fn iàn-tI-{µambn¯ocp¶Xnsâ Nn{Xw, _en-jvThpw kzmÀ°m-tÇ-jn-bp-amb hÔyX hmÕ-ey-¯mÂ
incoj arZp-hmbn Xocp-¶X
- nsâ asämcp Nn{Xw A-§s\ c­p Nn{Xw kap³eo-e\w sNbvXv
Ah-bpsS kmay-ssh-j-ay-§-fn- \n¶pw Zimhn]cy-b-¯n \n¶pw P\n-¡p¶ `mh
kwLÀj-amWv B]mX ho£-W¯
- n Cu Ihn-Xb
- nse Ne-\P
- \
- I
- a
- mb DuÀÖw. h{Itam
EPpthm Bb Hä tcJ-bpsS hnÇnjvS ssIh-ey-aà c­p h{I-tc-J-I-fpsS kwtÇ-j-amWv
]qX-¸m-«nsâ cN-\m-hyq-l-¯n--¶-Sn-Øm\w.
\t§-enbpw ]cm-Pn-X-bmb ]qXhpw X½n-epÅ Cu kwLÀjw eo\-amb asämcp
kwLÀj-¯nsâ apJm-hc
- Ww am{X-am-Wv. a\p-jy-tN-X\
- b
- n-epff Gj-Wn-IÄ Aeh-bpsS
X\n-\ndw ad-¨p-sh¨v ]e Øm\-hy-Xn-bm-\-§Ä¡p hg§n hne-£-W-cq-]-§-fmbn kz]v\¯n {]Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶p-sh¶pw kz]v\-hym-I-cWÚ³amÀ ]d-bp-¶p. Cu Ihn-X-bnÂ
]qXwþ\t§en kwLÀjw hyà-am-Wv.
_mey-Im-em-\p-`hs¯ ]p\-cq-Öo-hn-¸n-¡p-hm³ ]cym-]vXa
- mb {]Xo-I-§fpsS hn`mh-m\p-`h
- §
- fpsS Zyp-Xn-sIm­v kam-IÀj-Ia
- mWv ]qX-¸m-«nse ssien. A¼nfn ]q¦pe sN¸v,
]qame, Ac-aWn, ]mhmS, Infn-hm-XnÂ, Xm_q-ew, Ggp-\ne amfnI, XpSn-sIm«v IpgÂhnfn
F¶n-§s\ ]gb {KmaoW cwK-t¯bpw _mey-`m-h\
- t- bbpw amXr-hm-Õe
- y-t¯bpw PmK-cnX-am-¡m-\pÅ tIm¸p-IÄ CXn ImWmw. ae-bm-f Ihn-Xb
- psS {]mtZ-in-Ia
- mb apKv²X ]qX¸m-«nse `mj-bnepw AÀ°-¯nepw aäpw ImWmw. \hy hnÚm-\-¯nsâ Im´n-Ñ-S-bnÂ
a§n-t¸m-tb-¡m-hp¶ {]mtZ-in-IXzw hn\o-Xhpw hne-£W
- h
- p-ambn hÀ¯n-¡p-I-bmWv ]qX¸m-«nÂ. thebpw ]qchpw ]qXhpw ap­-I¸
- m-Shpw a{´-hm-Zhpw Imfo-]q-Pbpw aäpw Cu IhnXsb XnI¨pw tIc-fo-ba
- m-¡p-¶p. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ {]Ir-Xn-hÀW-\s
- Im­v \njv]¶
- a
- m¡p¶ tIc-fo-bX ]qX-¸m-«p-Im-c³ PohnX Nn{X-Ww-sIm-­p-Xs¶ \njv]¶
- a
- m-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
82
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
CS-tÈcn Ihn-X-I-fn Gsd NÀ¨-IÄ¡pw ]T-\-§Ä¡pw hnt[-b-am-bn-«pÅ c­p
cN-\-I-fmWv ]qX-¸m«pw Imhn-se-¸m«pw A½-tZ-hm-cm-[-\-bnse ]pcpj kzXz-amb ]qXs\
CS-tÈcn ]qX-¸m-«n `oI-ca
- m-Xm-hmb ]qX-ambn cq]-s¸-Sp-¯n. a®m³amÀ sI«n-bm-Sp¶ thjamWv ]qX³. Hcp ac-ap-I-cn³ta AÀ²-hr-¯m-Im-c-¯n ]oen-IÄ saSªp tImÀ¯psIm-­pÅ Hcp cq]-amWv ]qX-¯n-\p-Å-Xv. \mhp-I-Sn¨v `b-s¸-Sp-¯m-\pÅ Hcp apJ`mhamWv apJ-¯n-\p-Å-Xv. hnIr-XXzw ]qÀ¯n-bm-¡m³ tZlw apgp-h\pw ]e-\n-d-¯n-epÅ
hkv{Xm-Zn-Ifm tZlw apgp-h\pw ]e \nd-¯n-epÅ hkv{Xm-Zn-IÄsIm­p aqSn-bn-cn-¡pw.
BsI-¸msS kzcq]w `b-¦-c-amWv CS-t¯-I-¿n Hcp ]cn-ibpw he-t¯-I-¿n Hcp ac-hSnbpw [cn-¨n-cn-¡pw. ]qX-¯nsâ Ifn-¡pÅ hmZyw XpSn-bm-Wv. ]pcp-j-ssZ-h-§-tf-¡mÄ
ImÀjnI kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ `mK-amb A½ ssZh-§-fp-am-bn-«pÅ aa-Xbpw thgvN-bp-amWv
Xsâ Imhy-kw-kvIm-c-¯nsâ thcp-IÄ F¶v CS-tÈcn Xpd-s¶-gpXnbn«p-­v. ]qX-¸m-«nse
]qXw "Xcp-Wc
- psS Dt¸cpw IcpXn \t§-en-bm-hs« Du«n-hf
- À¯p¶ kwc-£I
- b
- mb amXmhpw.
Fgp¯p ]Tn-¡m³ t]mIp¶ D®n-bpsS ssii-h-`mhw ]d-bIp-¶n- ]mÀ¡p¶ `oI-c-amXm-hnsâ a\-kn k´m\ hmÕ-ey-P-\-I-amb Hcn-¡n-fnbpw tImcn-¯-cn¸pw Dfhm-Ip-¶tXmsS AhÄ¡v `mh-amäw kw`-hn-¡p-¶p.
]qX-¯n-¶pÅn semcn-¡nfn tXm¶n
""]qX-¯n³ amd¯p tImcn-¯-cn¨p
]qX-sam-tcm-a\ s]¬In-Sm-hmbn
]qX-a-c-¯nsâ tNm«nepw \n¶pw''
Xd-hm«p ]d-¼nse ac-t¨m-«n-en-cp¶v sIm¯-¦-Ãm-Sp¶ s]§-fpsS _nw_-amWv ]qX-¯n-\v.
D®n-sb tXSn-h-cp¶ \t§en Xd-hmSp kwc-£n-¡p¶ a¨-I-¯n-cn-¡p¶ kuay-tZ-hX
- b
- psS
{]Xn-cq-]-hpw. D®n-¡p-th­n kuay-tZ-h-Xbpw cu{Z-tZ-h-Xbpw X½n Gäp-ap-«p-¶p. `oI-c
-am-Xm-hns\ AS-¡m³ _en-bmbn \t§en, Xsâ I®p-IÄ AÀ¸n-¡p-¶p. sXmgp-Xp-hn-d¨p
\n¶q ]qXw tXmäp aS-§n-bS- §o ]qXw kuay-tZ-hX
- ¡
- p-ap-¶n cu{Z tZhX--bpsS tXmÂhn.
Cu AS-§-en ]qXw, ]n¶o-sSm-cn-¡epw `oIc IÀXr-Xz-¯n-te¡v Xncn-¨p-t]m-Ip-¶n-Ã.
]qX-¸m-«n Xsâ hnf-hns\ þ Ipªns\ þ kwc-£n-¡p¶ \t§en taem-f-hÀK {]Xn-\n[nbpw Ipªns\ A]-lc
- n-¡p¶ ]qXw Ip¶n³]p-d§
- f
- n-te¡v {]m´-hX
- v¡c
- n-¡s¸« Iogmf
hÀK-¯nsâ {]Xn-\n-[n-bp-am-Wv. hnfhp kwc-£-Whpw It¿-ähpw X½n-epÅ kwLÀjamWv ]qX-¸m-s«¶p hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ AsXmcp ImÀjnI ]pcm-hr-¯-am-bn-Xo-cp-¶p.
Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nsâ CXn-lmkw
\njvI-f-¦-\mb Hcp-D®n kzÀ¤-¯n ]nd-¶p-ho-gp-¶p. hf-cp-¶Xv `qan-bnse \c-I¯nÂ. Dcp-­XmWp DeIw F¶-dn-bp¶ {]mb-am-b-t¸mÄ Dcp-­-sX-¦n Cu `qan Ipgn¨v
adp-]p-d-s¯-¯m³ sh¼p¶ lrZ-b-hp-ambn \S¶pw, AXp-sIm­pw aXn-h-cmsX I®p-Xpd¶v Adn-hnsâ temI-t¯¡p Cd-§nbpw Ign¨p Iq«n. F®n XoÀ¡m³ Bhm¯ Xnc,
Xmcw, aWÂX-cn F¶n-h- FÃmw D®n¡v AÛp-X-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. sh«n-bmepw apf-bv¡p¶
XrW-hr-£e
- X
- m-Zn-Ifpw, ]d-¶mepw ]d-¶mepw Xocm¯ AXn-cn-Ãm-¯h
- m-\hpw ]ns¶ Nn´n¨Xv ]e- a-«n-epÅ Cu¨-I-sfbpw Cg-Po-hn-I-sfbpw ]£n-I-sfbpw Ipdn-¨v. Pe-¯nse PohImew Ign-¡p-¶h
- , Pe-¯nepw Ic-bnepw Ign-bp-¶h
- , ImWp-¶h
- bpw ImWm-¯h
- bpw Bb
F{X-sb{X AÛp-X-§Ä. Ign-ªnà AÛp-X-§-fpsS temIw; Ccp-Im s]m¡n acw-tIdp¶ hm\-c³; Ahs\ Im«nepw aosX Ccp-Im-en `qan ssIhn-s«-gp-t¶ä Gähpw henb
AÛp-X-amb a\p-jy-³.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
83
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
F¶m Xncn-¨-dn-hm-b-t¸mÄ Ipªv Xncn-¨-dnª kXy-§Ä ]e-Xv. Cu `qan-bnse
FÃm a\p-jy-Po-hnIfpw ZpxJnX-cpw Akz-X{- ´-cp-am-Wv. P\n-bn \nt¶m arXn-bn \nt¶m
Hcp a\p-jy\pw Hgnhv e`n-¡p-¶n-Ã. F¶p-sXm«mWv Cu Ime-N{Iw Xncn-bm³ Bcw-`n-¨-Xv?
B N{Iw Fs¶-¦nepw \ne-bv¡ptam? \ne-bv¡p-sa-¦n AXv F¶m-bn-cn¡pw? AXn-s\¡p-dn¨v BÀ¡pw C¶p-hsc Hcp Xp¼pw e`n-¨n«nÃ. I®p-s]m-«³ B\sb ImWp¶-Xpt]m-se ]eÀ¡pw ]e Dul-§-fm-Wv.
ac-Ws¯ \ngen¸n¡pw Huj[w I­p In«n-bm Pbn hmkw \nXy-ambn Xocpw.
a\p-jy³ F{X D¶-X-\m-sW-¦nepw Ahsâ D¶Xn ]cn-an-X-am-sW¶ Adnhpw D®n-¡p­m-bn.
"IÀ½-km-£n-tbbpw
Xs¶ Npäpw tKmf-K-W-s¯bpw
Iogn-em-¡n-¡-gn-ªmepw
Pbn-¨n-«nà am\-h³'
A\-´-Xb
- n-sem-t«sd Zo]vXn-hÀj-ap-­v. AXn-\-¸pdw thsd IÀ½-km-£n-I-fp-­v. a\pjy-\à Ah-\pÅ `mh-\m-Zr-jvSn-t]mepw F¯n-t\m-¡m¯ hnim-eX
- b
- p­v Cu temI-¯nÂ;
FÃmw IqSn t\m¡n-sb-¯m³ Ign-bptam F¶ hnNmcw t]mepw D®nsb XfÀ¯p-¶p.
Xn¶m\pw DSp-¡m-\p-an-ÃmsX Hcp hÀ¤w Ns¯m-Sp-§p-t¼mÄ Ip¦paw hmcn hnXdp¶
kmbm-´-\`mkv¡c³, AXp-]q-in-\-S-¡p¶p e£{]-`p-Ip-am-cn-IÄ. ap¡p-h³ A¶w-tX-Sm³
Nm«p-fn-I-fm ao³]n-Sn-¡p-¶n-S¯v kabw sImÃm³ Dem-¯p¶ NSp-em-bX t\{X-IÄ AhcpsS tem¡-äm-Sp¶ s\t¢-kv, CbÀdnw-§v, tamXn-cw, hm¨v, hf \h-c-Xv\-Nm-an-c-§-fmÂ
]Wn-ª-h, Igp-¯n-epw, ssI¿n-epw, ImXnepw shtÆsd AWn-tb-­h F¶n-§s\ B`cW sshhn-[y-§Ä t]mcmsX FÃmw AWn-ªn«pw H¶pw AWn-ªn-«n-sö aq¨nÂ
_n¨n-se¯n Dem-¯p¶ \K-c- In-\m-hp-IÄ.
shÅ hkv{Xw [cn¨ ae-bmf \Xmw-Kn-IÄ ap«pw- I-gp¯pw aqSm¯ N«-¡m-cpsS
anÊp-IÄ he-t]mse t_mUokpw I®mSn ]«p-km-cnbpw Npän akvXIw s]m¡n hnekoSp¶
teUn-IÄ. apSn-s¡-«n t]mepap­v {]tXy-I-X-IÄ. ]qa-c-¡mSp apgp-h³ Xe-bnÂ
sI«nsh¨hÀ apSn c­m¡n saS-ªn«v B«p¶-hÀ t_m_v sNbvX inc-Êp-ambn \S-¡p-¶hÀ Aekw apSn Imä¯v Nn¡n-bn«v hcp-¶-hÀ, ae-bm-fhpw Cw¥ojpw Nne-t¸mÄ lnµnbpw
sIm©n-sIm-­m-Wn-hÀ \S-¡p-¶X
- v. CXn-\¸
- pdw Hcp temI-ap-­v. AXpw AbmÄ¡v ImWm\m-hp-¶p.
""Acn-sh-t¸msâ Xo¿nÂ
sN¶o-bm-¼m-ä-]-]-Xn-¡-bmÂ
]ntä¶nSh-gn-¡p-­nÂ
Im¬aq inip ih-§sf''
ac-hn-¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ s\bvsX-Sp¯ ]«p-Sb
- m-SI
- Ä ]pX¨p "Znhy-·mÀ' kpJn-¡p-¶Xpw
I­-t¸mÄ k¶nKv[-lr-Zb
- -\mb D®n-bpsS Ic-fnse A¼n-fn-sI-«p PohnXw Imf-cm-hm-bn.
s]mSn-ao-i Xnf-¡nbn«pw kzÀ®w-sI-«nb I®-S [cn¨pw _\n-b³ ]pdta -Im-Wn-¡pam-sd-gp¶ kn¡p-Pp-ºbWnªpw tKmÄ^vtf¡v A[-c-¯nepw ]¯v ssIhn-c-enÂtaÂ
cXv\w tamXn-c-hp-ambn bphm-¡Ä Nn¯-k-¶n-]mX aqÀ¨-bn \S-¡p-¶p. kz´w aSn-¡p¯n \n¶qÀ¶pt]m-Ip¶ ]W-¯nsâ hnebhÀ¡-dn-bn-Ã. ]mhs¸« s]¬Ip-«n-I-fpsS
aSn-¡p-¯-gn-¡p¶ ]m]-`mcw temIs¯ XfÀ¯p-¶p. tdmÄkvt{Sm-bnkpw, tamdn-kpw,
_yq¡pw Dut¡msS KÀÖn-¨p-sIm­v ]mbp-t¼mÄ Bcp-sSbpw {i²-bnÂs¸-Sm¯ Hcpt\À¯ inip-tcm-Z\w am{Xw Imew tI«p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
84
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""\nc-¯n Im¡-sIm-¯p¶p
N¯-s]®nsâ I®p-IÄ
ape-N¸n hen-¡p¶p
\c-hÀ¤ \hm-XnYn''
CXmWv ka-Im-e-Po-hn-Xm-h-Ø-bpsS \njvTq-c-X.
Cu ItTmc kXy-a-dn-hmb \mfp-I-fn \mUn-bn Pzen¨ \c-Im-\- e-Pn-lz-IÄ¡v
kvt\l-¯nsâ XXz-imkv{Xw {]kw-Kn-¡pI km[y-am-hn-Ã-tÃm?
]t£ FÃmw t\Sn-sb¶ a\p-jysâ Alw-`m-hw, Nncn-¡p¶ a\p-jysâ ad-¡m\pÅ iàn, Ic-bp¶ a\p-jysâ kl-Po-hm-\p-I-¼, hniz-hn-Pbw t\Snb \c³ \c-s\¯s¶ amSm¡n ]Wn-sb-Sp-¸n-¡p-¶p Xm´-IÀj-Isâ I®n-eq-dp¶ cà-IW
- §
- f
- n \n¶pw
IXn-cp-IÄ taem-fÀ sImSp-¯p-®p-¶Xpw b{´-im-e-I-fnse N{I¸Ãp-I-fn amwk-t]-in-IÄ
tImÀ¡p¶ sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ ac-hn-¡p-t¼mÄ sh«p-¶ t]m¯n-t\mSv thZ-tam-Xn-bn«v Imcy-ansÃ-¶d- nªv AbmÄ AXns\ sImÃm³ apXn-cp-¶p. AhnSw apX¡pÅ Abm-fpsS {]hÀ¯\-§Ä ]mXm-f-¯n-te-¡pÅ ]X-\-ambn Nn{XWw sN¿p-¶p.
""Ic-ªp-sNm-t¶³ Rms\¶v
`mhn-]u-c-t\m-Sn-§s\
shfn¨w ZpxJam-Wp®o
Xa-ÊtÃm kpJ-{]Zw!''
\nebn-Ãm¯ Idp-¯- I-b-¯n \n¶p-h-¶-XmWv hm¡v. ae-bmf `mj-bnse Gähpw Icp¯pÅ Nnc-kva-c-Wo-b-amb hcn-I-fn Ch s]Sp-¶p. F¦nepw lrZ-bm-ep-hmb Ihn¡v
NSªncn-¡pI h¿. Zpc-´-§-fpsS t{]X-`q-an-bneqsS Hcn-äp-sh-fn¨w tXSn-bpÅ A´-cmßm-hnsâ XoÀ°-bm{X, Ah-km\w _p²\pw {InkvXphpw IrjvW\pw apl-½Zpw FÃmw
]te Ime-§-fn ]te CS-¯mbn XqIn X¶ \nd-hp-I-fpsS k¶n-]m-X-¯n-te¡v IhnXsb D]-\-bn-¡p-¶p.D]m-[n-bn-Ãm¯ kvt\lw {ItaW _e-ambn A\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶n-S¯v
Ccp-]Xmw \qäm-­nsâ CXn-lmk Imhyw kam-]\w Ipdn-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
85
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
bqWnäv þ 5
F³.-F³. I¡mSv
1922 Pqsse 14\v Ahn«\Ãq-cn P\n-¨p. ae-bmf Ihn-Xbv¡v ]pXnb am\-§Ä
krjvSn¨ B[p-\nI Ihn-If
- n-Â {]ap-J\
- mWv F³.-F³. I¡mSv F¶ \mcm-bW
- ³ \¼qXncn.
ie` KoXw, h{PIp-Þew, ]mXm-f-¯nsâ apg-¡w, Bbn-c-¯n-sXm-Åm-bn-c¯n Adp]-¯naq¶v, k^-eaobm{X F¶n-h-bmWv apJy-Ir-Xn-IÄ. BIm-i-hm-Wn-bn s{]mUyq-kÀ
Bbncp¶p. ]mÝm-Xyhpw ]uc-kvXy-hp-amb Imhy-k-c-Wn-IÄ I¡m-Sns\ Hcp-t]mse
kzm[o-\n-¨n-«p-­v. `mc-Xob Imhy kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ sh«n-¯n-f¡w At±-l-¯nsâ ]e
Ihn-X-I-fnepw Zriy-am-Ip-¶p. {]ta-b-]-c-amb DÄ¡-cp¯,v aqey-tim-j-W-¯nsâ hnjmZw
F¶nh Xfw-sI«n \n¡p-¶p. D]-cn-Xe
- h
- À¯n-bmb a\p-jy-a\
- k
- Ã I¡m-Snsâ Ihn-XIfnÂ
sXfnªp hcp-¶Xv. Nn´m-]-c-amb Hc-t\z-j-W-]-cX AXnÂIm-Wmw. k^-e-ao-bm-{Xbv¡v
tIc-f-km-lnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv (1986), hb-emÀ AhmÀUv (1986) F¶nh e`n-¨p.
]mÀ¡nÂ
]pXnb \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS (\-Kc kwkv¡mc¯nsâ) sshtZ-in-I-Xbpw s]můchp-amWv ]mÀ¡n F¶ Ihn-X-bnse ZpxJ-tl-Xp.
aqey-k-¼¶
- -amb Hcp B{ia iyman-I-bn \n¶v Xsâ Pohn-Xb
- m{X Bwc-`n-¨p. ]eXym-K-¯n-eqsS IÀss½-Iy {]h-W-ambn \bn-¡p¶ bm{XbpsS Hcp L«w Ign-ª-t¸mÄ
t`mKm-k-àhpw IW-¡p-¡q-«-ep-IÄ sIm­v k¦oÀ®-hp-ambn XoÀ¶p, amÀ¤-{]m-´-§Ä
ZrV {_Ò-N-cyhpw At\z-j-W-hp-ambncp¶p B bm{X.
XpS-¡-¯n Iq«p-Im-cp-­m-bn-cp-¶p. ]Xps¡ ]Xps¡ Hmtcmcp-¯-cp-ambn hgn-tbmc-§-fn aW¯p aW¯p Ib-dn-¸-än. Xm³ GIm-Inbpw \nÊm-c\pw Bbn. bm{X Ae-¨nembn, {_Ò-Ncyw `mc-am-bn. aqey-§Ä DÄ{`m´nsâ Nn´-I-fm-bn. IÀ½-§Ä IS-¦-Y-Ifmbn. A¼-c¸pw \nÊ-lm-b-X-bpw am{Xw.
Ae-¨n sN¶hkm-\n-¡p-¶Xv FÃmw sh«n-s bm-X p¡n Ir{Xn-a -tam-S n-b änb
]mÀ¡nemWv. hyÀ°-ambn Fhn-sStbm sh¨v Ae-¨n-embn amdnb Hcp bm{X Ah-km-\n¡p-¶p. FÃmw aSp¯p Ignª a\-xkm£n IÀt½-{µnb§fn taepÅ \nb-{´Ww Dt]£n-¡p-¶p. cPkvXt- am-cq-]nbpw t`mssK-I]
- c
- h
- p-amb IÀt½-{µnb kam-lmcw (b-£³) DWcp-¶p.
]ns¶-bn-cp-t¶³ s_©nÂ, £oW³
(F-´ns\ hcfpw sXm­-bp-am-bvt¯-SnbWtª³)
L\-aqIa\-Ên Nmc-\ndw ]q­
alm-iyq-\yX am{Xw
I®n\p ]n¶n ImXn\pw ]n¶nÂ
ImXp-IÄ apdp-In-b-Sªp InS¸p
At\z-j-W¯
- nsâ AÀ°-an-Ãmbva Ipdn-¡p¶ ac-hn-¸mÀ¶ Nncn. I®n\p ]n¶nepw ImXn\v
]n¶nepw IXIp-IÄ apdpInbSªp InS-¡p-¶p. iq\yX Ahn-Zym-kz-cq-]hpw IrjvW-hÀWhp-am-sW¶v ]gb k¦-ev]w.
alm-Úm-\w, atlÑ
\njv^e angn-IÄ Xpd-¶n-cp-fp-I-fnÂ
sNhn-]mÀ¯p-In-S¡pw
B[p-\n-I IhnX
86
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]cn-Wmaw ]qÀ¯n-bm-hp-Ibpw a\-km-£n-bpsS IqSv s]m«n¸nfÀ¶v ]yq¸ ie-`-ambn
]pd¯p hcn-Ibpw sN¿p¶ Ah-Ø-bm-Wn-Xv. C\nbpw \ns¶ AaÀ¯nshbv¡m³ Dt±-in¡p-¶n-Ã. btYjvSw ]pd¯p h¶v t`mK-kp-J-§Ä A\p-`-hn¨p sImÅpI (Hcp ]cm-Pn-X³
\ÂIp¶ Zo\-amb A\p-hm-Z-am-Wn-Xv) Bßmhp \jvS-s¸« t`mK-h-kvXp-¡Ä taS-I-fnepw
\Kc koa-I-fnse sXcp-hp-I-fnepw [mcm-f-ap-­v. Xnc-bpI F¶v A´-cym-an-bmb a\-km£n
b£\v A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-¶p.
""\nÝ-e-am-tbtXm taS-IÄ tX«pw
hoÀ¸p-IÄ tI«p-W-cpI \K-c-¯nÂ
PU-ko-a-IÄ tXmdpw Xnc-bp-I,
\n³ b£nWn amsc ]pW-cp-I, apI-cpI
\n³ tIm¼-Ãp-I-fmÂ
Poh-\n-Wwþ \obp-W-cpI tXmgm
apXp-Im aqh©p aS-¡n-«n-gnbpw thXmfw
Im¯p InS¸p \ns¶ hln-¡m³''
sI«-gn-ªn-fI
- nb t`mKmkàn cm£-ko-ba
- mWv. b£sâ cq]-]c
- n-Wmaw ]qÀW-ambn ]pd¯p
IS¶p Ignªp amdnb cq]-¯n a\-xkm£n s]s«¶v b£s\ Xncn-¨-dn-ªnÃ.
""ap¶n IpWvT-X-sbm-gpIpw ]mX-bv¡-¡sc
sbgp-\ne amfn-I-bnÂ
Iogv¸-S-hp-I-fn Ip¸n-¨n-Ãp-IÄ ]mInþ
¡b-dn-t]m-Ip-hXmtcm''
alm-IrXn F¶h-bpsS hnc--Xy-t_m[ iyq\-Xbv¡v NpS-e-Nmc hÀ®w \ÂIn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
""A´n-N-hn«n saXns¡ ]IÂho-W-Sn-bp¶p
Km\m-em-]\ If-`m-jW I¦-W-cnw-JW
\h hk-t\m-·mZ aÀ½c \À½ ]cm-`h
]cn-`h ]cn-lmk Ijm-bnX ]cn-hmlw
sNhn-bn Npgn-Ip-¯n-b-Sªp ]cp§n aS-§p¶p''
hyXykvXXm t_m[-an-Ãm¯ \ncÀ°I i_vZ tImem-le
- w. i_vZ {]hm-l-¯nsâ
Ahn-Ñn-¶X kqNn-¸n-¡m-\mWv Cu henb kakvX ]Zw. _mly-temIw DÅn-te¡v IS-¡p¶nÃ. DÅnse Úm\w {]Im-in-¡p-¶p-anÃ. b£³ Hcp cq] ]cn-Wm-a-¯n\v hnt[-b-\m-bnsIm-­n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
""tKm]pc a©p aS-¨-Xn-\p-Ån Nmc-\ndw ]q­
alm-iq-\y-X-bn ab-§p-I-btÃm b£³''
sh®o-dn Npcp­p InS-¶p-d-§p¶ sNm¢n ]«n-bpsS \nÊm-c-X-bp-­v B In-S-¸nÂ.
]peÀaªp \\ªp IpXnÀs¶mcp a®n Ic-ho-c¸p hoWp InS¶p Ic-ª-t¸mgpw Hfn]-I Kw`oc kvanXaq¶n \S-¶-t¸mgpw b£-³ DWÀ¶nÃ. {_Ò-Ncyw Xnc-kv¡cn¨
Hcp ]gb {]Wb hmbv]v. e£y-t_m[w sIm­v Xnc-kvIr-X-amb Øm\-am-\-§Ä FÃmw
B InS-¸n hyRvPn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p.
""Np­p-I-fn Ihn-fp-I-fn (Np-fn-ho-gp-In-epw)
Nmbw tX¨pw
hnf-dnb hne-cp-I-fm ¹mÌn¡v k©n Xtem-Sn-bpþ
angbpw kÔy-bn-se-¦nep ang-a-sªmþ
¯pW-cpI \o tXmgm''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
87
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
]pd-¯p-I-S¶ b£³ BZyw t]mIp-¶Xv Ggp-\ne amfn-I-bn-te-¡m-Wv. D¶X Øm\-§fn-te¡v Xm³ Ibdn t]mb hgntb aäp-Å-hÀ hcm--Xn-cn-¡m³ t]mb-h-gn¡v Ip¸n-¨n-Ãp-IÄ
]mIp-¶p. H¸w Biw-k-IÄ t\cp¶p
t]mI ktJ tX kpJ-cm{Xw `q-bmÂ!
aqh-©p-a-S-¡n-«n-gbpw thXm-f-¯nsâ apXp-In k©-cn-¡p¶ \nim-b-£³. kz´w ico-ctKm-]p-c-¯nsâ \nÊmc iq\y-X-bn \n¶-dn§n b£n-Wn-bpsS \nW-aqän Iogv¸-S-hp-Ifn Ip¸n-Nn-Ãp-]mIn Ggp-\ne amfn-I-bn-te¡v Ib-dn-t¸m-Ip¶ Nn{Xw, \K-c-§Ä¡v P·taIp¶ Bkp-ca
- mb emt`-Ñb
- m am{Xw \bn-¡s
- ¸-Sp¶ aqe-[\ kwkvIr-Xn-bpsS hnaÀi\w
IqSn-bm-Wv.
A¿¸ ]Wn-¡À
1930 sk]w-X-_À 12 \v Imhm-e¯v P\n-¨p. Imhy-k-¦-ev]-¯n ]pXnb am\-§Ä
Is­¯nb {]ikvX Ihn. kaqlw [cn-¡p¶ s]mbvap-J-§sf ]n¨n-No-´m-\pÅ
HuÕpIyw A¿-¸-]-Wn-¡À¡p--­v. D¯a _nw_-§Ä Xnc-sªp-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn kaÀ°\mWv Cu Ihn. hyàn tNX-\-bpsS Zo]vXnsb DZm-c-hXv¡c
- n-¡m³ {ian-¡p¶ Ihn kmaqlnI s]m§-¨-§-fpsS t\À¡v Bt£-]-lm-ky-¯nâ Iqc-¼p-IÄ Ab-bv¡p-¶p. "A¿¸
]Wn-¡-cpsS IrXn-IÄ, tKm{X-bm-\w. Ipcp-t£-{Xw, samgnbpw hgnbpw XpS-§n-bh {][m-\Ir-Xn-IÄ.
arXyp-]qP
AÔ-Im-c-¯nsâ Xoc¯v \n¶v AXnsâ Bg-a-dnª HmÀ½-bpsS Ipdp-Inb \nehn-fn-bmWv "arXyp ]qP'. arXyp ]qP-bpsS hnjbw ac-W-am-Wv. acWw am{X-aà a\p-jysâ
`mK-t[bw apgp-h-\p-am-Wv. Xn·-bpsS XaÊpw {]Imi XrjvWbpw ]nWªp ]S-cp¶ Cu
Ihn-Xb
- psS BXy-´nI hnjbw Ihn-X-bpsS Xs¶ `mhn-bp-am-Wv. arXyp-]qP ac-W¯
- n-te¡mbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶p. au\-¯n ap«n-\n¡p-¶p. Htc kabw _lp-am-\hpw GIm-{Khp-amWv arXyp-]q-P. a\p-jym-ßm-hnt\mfw kq£vahpw {]]-©-t¯mfw Øqe-hp-am-Wn-Xv.
arXyp-]qP km{µo-I-cn-¡p¶ A\p`hw Gähpw hyàn-- l-Xhpw Gähpw kmÀÆ-P-\n-I-hpam-Wv.
""Ihn arXyphns\ £Wn-¡p-I-bmWv
aµ-Km-an\n
tla-´-bm-an\n
L\-iym-a-cq-]nWn
hcq \o
\Àa arZp aÀac
hnem-k-§-sf-¯-gpIn
kÔy-bpsS cmKw s]menªp
-k-lym{Zn Xoc-hp-an-cp­p
hcnI''
Imänsâ ssIX-­-bn-em-Sp¶ arZpe kv]Àin-bmb taLs¯ t]mepÅ ac-W-t¯mSv Ipfncm-Ip¶ sNdp-sX-¶-tedn Xfn-c-[c
- Z- ew sIm­pw Xm_qew XcnI F¶v Ihn A`yÀ°n-¡p¶p. FÃmw Ccp-«n-ep-cp-fp-I-bm-Wv. {]]-©m-Þ-Io-S-§Ä amdp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. Nncw-Po-hnIfpw k]vXÀjn-Ifpw Ccp-«n AXn-thKw Aenªp sIm­n-cn-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
88
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""hcn-I, L\ ssiXyta
hcnIÔIm-cta
hcnI ac-W-¯nsâ
aqVm\p cmKta''
\o \nsâ ssIIÄsIm-s­s¶ ]pW-cpI. \nsâ Dàn-IÄ Fsâ sNhn-bn sNmcn-bp-I.
Cu `qan-bn \·sb tIÄ¡m³ BÀ¡pw t\c-an-Ã. `mhn iq\y-ambn t\m¡n sIm­n-cn¡p¶ Djx-knsâ \oXnIY CuW-an«p tIÄ¡m³ ChnsS Bcm-Wp-Å-Xv. ]pWy-]p-cpj³amÀ acn-¨p-t]mbXn\m `qan-bpsS ]pWy-sa-¶Xv anYym-]p-cm-W-ambn amdn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
""\msf-bpsS ]m«p-Rm³ ]mSn-bntÃ
Xcq \mW-ba
- n-Xm-sWsâ
kzX-{´y-Km-b-I³''
`qan-bpsS ]pWy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]mSn-bn-cp¶ kzmX-{´y-Km-b-I³ CXpw ]W-¯n\p th­nbmWv ]mSp-¶-Xv. \msf-bpsS ]m«p Rm³ ]mSn-bntà F\n-¡sâ \mWbw Xcn-I. FhnsS
bp²-apt­m FhnsS £ma-apt­m AXn-s\-¡p-dn¨v Ihn-Xs
- b-gpXn Imim-¡m-\m-Wh
- ³ Im¯ncn-¡p-¶-Xv. _lp-P-\-ln-X-¯n\v th­n-bm-W³ P\n¨p Pohn-¡p-¶Xv. hn\-bs¯ Hcp \bam¡n taÂap-­n-\-ä¯pw Ikhp Nncn Xcp¶ [À½-{]-Nm-c-I-\mWv Ihn.
""tZl anX-\nXy
aXn-\m-ens¶mcp \n¡p \o
tZlo \n³ kpJ antX
kvt\l {]hm-N-I³
Ime-Sn-IÄ Npän-bmcp
N§-e-bn-Xn-s¶sâ
ImXc lrZ-b-a-Wn-bp¶q''
A§-s\-bpÅ Ihn-bm-Ip¶ Fs¶ tXSn AÃtbm aµ-Km-an-\n, tla´-bm-an\n icXv
kz]v\ Iman\n \o hcq. \nsâ D{K-ssi-Xy-¯n temI-¯n {Kkn-¡p¶ hnjm-Wp-¡Ä ac-hn-t¨¡mw. Iev]m´§Ä Ign-bp-t¼mÄ ]pcmW IY-IÄ s]m«n XfnÀ¯v AsXmcp XW-embn amdmw.
F¦nepw ho­pw P\n¡pw aÀXy³. Ahs\ NXn-¡m³ FÃm-hcpw Im¯n-cn-¡p-¶p.
""ssZhw NXn-¡p-samcp
kÀ¸w NXn-¡psamcp
s]®pw NXn-¡p-samcp aÀ¯y³''
F¦nepw Ahsâ PohnXw kmÀ°-I-am-¡m³ thZ-§-fp-­mhpw aÕym-h-Xmc IY-I-fp­mIpw. s]mbvt¸mb Imehpw AXnsâ iàn-Ifpw Hs¡ Xncn¨p hcp-t¼mÄ \nimNc
h[-§fpw IpSpw-_-Z-l-\-§fpw atZm-Ã-knX IY-Ifpw C\nbpw Xncn¨p hcpw.
""H¶pan-\n-th­
]pecn¡Xn-cp-th­
shbnÂth-­, ]IÂth­
Ft¶-¡p-am-bn\n hcq \o
hcq hniz-kn-c-bmsI
ac-hn-¨p-bn-c-Xn¯m³
ebn¡pw hn[-¯n-en\n
tla-´-bm-an\n
hcp \o''
B[p-\n-I IhnX
89
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
\½psS hkp-Ôc sXmSp-¡p¶ \ho\ cXn-_m-W-§-tfäv Fsâ DS X-fÀ¶p. N{µ³
ab§n ad-ªp. kvt\tlmjvW sshZyp-Xn-bn Dcp-ImsX a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-§Ä am{Xw \ne\n¡p-¶p.
Hmtcmtcm Pohnbpw Hcn-¡Â sImXn-¡p¶ ]-cn-]qÀW hn{iaw apI-ambn A`n-cm-aambn hs¶-¯n. thZ-§-sfm-s¡- C\n \nÀth-Zk
- -Ôn-bn HXp§pw. hocmSv ]pcpj k¦Â]ta-X-Icpw iq\ym-Ô-Im-c-am-Ip¶ Icn-\oe {]]© ]cn-Wm-as¯ {Kkn¨v hnf-bmSpw. Icfm-sI In\n-bp-¶ Icn-\n-da
- mbn amdpw. Ad-_n-¡S- Â IS-bp¶ B{^n-¡³ h³I-cb
- n \n¶pw
Nodn-h-cp¶ D{K-hnjw Ie-À¶ Cu Bgn H¶mbpw c­mbpw ho­pw aq¶mbpw amdpw. am\h-N-cn{Xw {ItaW hep-Xmbn AXn-¶-dp-Xn-bn-Ãm-sX-bmhpw.
""GsXm-¶ns\ sXmgpXp
hm§p¶p h³ Xn-cI
tfsXm-¶ns\ sXmgpXp
Ip¼p¶p Ip¶p Ifn-Xn³t]cp sNmÃn
bSn-sh-¡p¶p aÀ¯y-arKw
JÞIw Npg-än-sbmcp
I¡n kzcq-]\nhnsS¯pw
hosS¯pw {]]©
P\-\m-cw` thf-bnse
hmKvZm\tamÀ¯p
ae-hm-c¯p Im\\
aXw-K-§-sf¶ ]Sn
\o, ¶qÀ¶n-d§n hcp-atÃm
]pcm-X\ k\m-X-\-a-Ô-Imcw
I®mip]{Xn-bpsS
]À®m-{i-a¯
- n-semcp
IWz³ IS¦Y ]dªp
Iev]m´ \n{Z-h-c-hmbv
I¬I-sf-´n\n \o
bStª Ing-¡p-a-h-sb¶pw''
iwJpapJs¯ ]Sn-ªm-dm³ IS¡-c-bn A´n-¡p-tijw Hcp Zo]w I¯p-¶p. Btcm,
]d-¡p¶ Xfn-I-bn `qan-bpsS thcp-]-dn¨v ]pXp-tam-l-§Ä sI«n-sbm-cp¡nb `mÞw
IWs¡ AhnsS Ccn-¡p-¶p (t\m-l-bpsS t]SI k¦Â]w). ]p¯³ {Kl-§-fn-sem-cn¡Â hnX-¡p-hm-\mWv Cu hn¯p-IÄ. hnf-hp-sIm-¿m³ Ah³ I\n-hv Im-Wn-¡ptam? ]pXnb
aÀ¯y³ DbnÀs¯-gp-t¶Â¡qtam?
""Rms\-sâ Xw_pcp hnþ
ep¨ {ipXn¡p sNdpþ
RmWm¡n amänb
kncm-X{´n ao«p-Inepw
hnf-s¡m-s¡bqXn
Ign-ªn«p ho­pw
shfn-¨w, shfn¨w!
hnfn-¡p¶ aÀXysâ
\mZ-a-S§n Ignªp
B[p-\n-I IhnX
90
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
C¶p tIÄ¡p-¶Xp
thsd \nth-Z\w
Pm\In tX§n-a-dª [c-bp-sSþ
bmg-¯n \n¶p-b-cp¶p {]W-ha
- mbv
arXyp arXyp Pb arXyp arXyp''
kzÀK-¯n-te-¡pb-cp-hm³ \nÂs¡ Zi-cY ]p{X³ ]d-ªXv ]s£ C{X-am{Xwþ
""\à-©t- c-{µ-s\mcp ZpÀ`q-Xa
- mbv
ac-W-\r¯w Nhn«n aa-lr-¯nÂ
sshImsX \n¶pZchocyw ]IÀ¶p
aa sshtZ-lnsb XcnI [m{Xn!''
{]Xo-£s
- Im­v ac-Ws¯ a[p-co-I-cn-¡m-sa¶ {InkvXob anYy-bà Cu Ihn-Xb
- nse ac-Wc-Xn-bpsS Dd-h. Im¯n-cp-¶p-sIm­v ac-W-`bw eLq-I-cn-¡m\pw km[y-a-Ã. DZzn-á-XbpsS
A]qÀÆ-amb \nan-j§
- f
- p-­.v bpàn-IÄ acn-¡p¶ taLs¯ t]mse s]m«n¯p-d¶p s]bvsXmgn-bp¶ \nan-j-§Ä. A¯-c-samcp \nan-ja
- mWv "arXyp ]qP' -bn L\o-`-hn-¡p-¶-Xv. Xsâ
AKm-[a
- mb [À½-hy-hØbn arXyp Ihn¡v Imap-In-bmbn Xocp-I-bm-Wv. `mh-\bpw A\p`-hhpw sI«p-]n-W-bp¶ kÔy-{]Úbn F§p-\nt¶m ]mdn hoW Hcp \nan-j-¯nsâ
Pohn-X-Xr-jvWsb ac-Wm-`n-emjw Iogvs¸-Sp-¯p-Ib
- m-Wv. Pohn-X¯
- nsâ ss\kÀKnI ]cnip-²n-bpsS Bªp-]p-W-cp¶ Bßm-hn\p am{X-aÃ, AXnsâ \jvS-io-X-fn-a-bnepw ep]vX
Nmcn-{Xr-¯nepw AIw s\m´p arXyphns\ BtÇ-jn-¡m-\m-hq. Pohn-Xm-`n-em-j-¯nsâ
FXnÀsam-gn-bÃ, ]qÀ¯n-I-c-W-amWv ChnsS ac-Wm-`n-em-jw. Ihn-Xb
- n Hcp hn]-co-X -{]{Inb sIm­v, _mly-{]-]©
- ¯
- nsâ apgp-h³ ZpxJhpw X]-kzn-bmb KuX-as\t]mse Ihn
DÄs¡m-Åp-¶p, IÀXr-¯z-h-Xv¡c
- n-¡p-¶p. Bß-\n-jvT-amb ZpxJ-w Xo{h-X-bmbn A\p-`-hn¡p-¶p. arXyp-]q-P-bnse ZpxJw XmXvIm-en-Ihpw N]-e-hp-a-Ã. I®nÂXs¶ hän-t]mb Hcp
I®p-\oÀXp-Ån-bm-Wv. AKm-[-amb au\-¯nsâ kwKo-Xa
- m-Wv. ac-Ws¯ Xsâ CjvS-Im-apIn-bmbpw Poh-tZ-hXbmbpw k¦-ev]n-¡p-I-bmWv Ihn. ZpxJm-\p-`h
- ¯
- nsâ Pzme X«n arXyp
kpµ-cn-bm-Ip-¶p, h[p-hm-Ip-¶p. acWw BËm-Za
- qÀÑbpw cXn-\nÀhr-Xn-bp-am-Ip-¶p.
Imap-Inbpw tZh-Xbpw tNÀ¶ k¦ev] Iev]\
- b
- m-Wn-hnsS arXyp. Ihn-bpsS A²ymßn-I-amb `mh-¯n A²ym-ßn-I-amb `ànbpw euIn-I-amb Imam-k-ànbpw ]nWªp
InS-¡p-¶p. Ihn arXyphns\ Bhm-l\w sN¿p-¶p. {]IoÀ¯n-¡p-¶p, `-Pn-¡p¶p, Ima-eo-e¡mbn £Wn-¡p-¶p.
Ihn-Xb
- psS hnIm-k¯
- n-eqsS arXyp-hn-t\m-SpÅ cXn-`mhw `mc-Xo-ba
- mb Ima-k¦
- e
- ]
v §-fn-eqsS A\p-{Iaw hnI-kn-¡p-¶p. arXypsh kwt_m-[\ sN¿m³ Ihn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶
]Z-§Ä {it²-ba
- m-Wv. aµ-Km-an\n L\-iym-ac
- q-]n-Wn, tla-´b
- m-an\n, icXv kz]v\ Iman\n,
am[pcyw F¶n-§s\ Xpfp-¼p-¶- hm-¡p-IÄ. Ihn kzbw \mbn-Isb Im¯n-cn-¡p¶ A£a-\m-b- \m-b-I-\m-Wv. ]Xp§n ]Xp-§n-h-cp¶ arXyp-hnsâ cq]w apgp-h³ aµ-Km-an-\n-sb¶
]Z-¯n-ep-­v. iyma-cq-]n-Wn F¶ ]Zw arXyp-hnsâ \nd-¯n-te¡p am{X-aÃ, \nKq-V- kz-`m-h¯n-te¡pw hnc Nq­p-¶p-­v. Bßm-hnsâ Icn-\n-g-emWv ac-Ww.
ac-Wt- ¯mSv A[c Xmw_qew \ÂIm\pw eXm-th-jSv n-XI (Im-ak
- q-{Xw)sa¶ t]mse
`pP-`p-PwK he-b§
- Ä sIm­v ]pW-cm\pw arXyp-hn-t\mSv Bh-iy-s¸-Sp¶ Ihn¡v Cu Xm_qe
Zm\hpw Npw_-\-hp-saÃmw cXn kam-]vXn-bn-te-¡pÅ amÀK-§Ä am{X-am-Wv. ho­pw {]m]©nI Pohn-X-¯n In\n-ªn-d-§p¶ alm-X-a-Êns\ Nq­n-Im-Wn¨v Ihn Xsâ £Ww
BhÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. Imhy-J-Þ-§sf Fs¶-t¶-¡p-ambn Xtâ-Xmbn, Xsâ cXn `mhw k^eo-I-cn-¡m³ Ihn hnfn-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
91
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""hcq hniz-kn-c-bmsI
ac-hn-¨p-bn-c-Xn Xm³
ebn¡pw hn[-¯n-en\n
tla-´-bm-an\n hcq \o''
C§s\ _nw_-§-fpsS hfÀ¨bneqsS ac-W-c-Xn-bpsS hnImkw Ihn A\p-{I-a-ambn AhX-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p.
hniz-N{- I-hmf§-fn apgp-h³ ]S-cp-¶-Xmbn Ihn ImWp¶ AÔ-Imcw Xn·-bm-Wv.
""\À½-ar-Zpe aÀ½c
hnem-k-§-sf-¯-gpIn
kÔy-bpsS cmKw s]menªp
klym-{Zn-Xn-c-hp-an-cp­p''
kÔy-bpsS acWw Ihnsb kw_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯mfw PohnX kuµ-cy-¯nsâ apgp-h³ ac-Wam-Wv. cm{Xnh-cp-t¼m-sgÃmw Ihn Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡p-¶Xv Cu kÔy-bn-te-¡m-Wv.
{]`mX-¯nsâ \oXn-IY ]mSphm³ Bcp-an-Ã. `mhnsb Hcp `qX-ambn t\m¡p¶p
F¶ hcn¡v c­v AÀ°w Iev]n-¡mw. `mhn-bn BsI-bp-ÅXv `qXIme kvarXn-I-fm-Wv.
`mhn acWw am{X-am-Ip-t¼mÄ ac-W-¯n \mw tIhew `qX-Im-e-am-bn-cp-¶p. `mhn Hcp
ZpÀ`q-X-ambn Xpdn¨p t\m¡p¶p F¶À°w. kaXz kpµ-c-amb \msfsb Ipdn¨v ]m«pIÄ]mSp-¶X
- n\v \mWbw Xcm-\m-hi
- y-s¸-Sp¶ kzmX{´yKm-bI
- ³ temI-s¯-hn-sSsb-¦nepw
bp²tam £matam D­m-bm AXn-s\-¸än Ihn-X-sb-gpXn Imim-¡p¶ P\-tk-h-I-\m¡n
hn\bw shdp-sam-cp-\-b-am¡n c­mw ap­n-\-ä¯v Ik-hp-Nncn Xp¶n-]n-Sn-¸n¨p \S-¡p¶
[À½ {]Nm-c-I³, FÃm cwK-§-fnepw Xn³a {Kkn-¡p-¶p.
""ssI¡p-ªns\ hgn-bnþ
en«pw Ifªp \S
sIms­mcp tKm]n-bn\n
bn\n hn¡pw ape-¸S
aXnÂ]än \n¡p-samcp
ZpKv²mÀ{Z hnkvarXn hnemkw''
Cu Iev]\
- m-Nn{Xw Cu bp-K¯
- n sshIm-cnI hÔy-Xb
- n-te¡pw t{]tam-jc
- -Xb
- n-te¡pw
Pohn-X-¯nsâ Ir{Xn-a-X-bn-te¡pw kzmÀ°-tam-l-¯nte¡pw H¸w t]mb Ime-§-fpsS
A]qÀÆ kpµ-c-§-fmb HmÀ½-I-fn-te¡pw \s½ Iq«n-sIm-­p-t]m-Ip-¶p. ssI¡p-ªns\
hgn-bn-en«p \S-¡m³ tKm]n-¡p- a-Sn-bn-Ã. a\-Ênsâ BÀ{Z-`m-h§
- s
- fÃmw ac-hn-¨p-t]mbncn¡p¶p.
thZ§Ä \mepw C\n \nÀtÆZsa¶ Hscm-ät- h-Z¯
- n-sem-cp§pw hncmSv ]pcpj k¦ev]w
ASÀ¶p-hogpw FÃmw CÃm-bav b
- m-hp-t¼mÄ HcpWÀÆv am{Xw Ahtijn-¡pw. AÔ-Im-c¯
- nsâ
\oena {]]-©¯
- nsâ knc-Ifn apgp-h³ hnjw t]mse ]SÀ¶p ]nSn-¡pw.
""IcfmsIbn¶p Icn
\nd-ambn amdp-ancp
fne-hoWp \nÀÖ\ \nim´w''
kzÀ¤-¯n-te-¡p-b-cp-hm³ \n¡p¶ Zmi-cY
- n-bpsS hm¡p-I-fn cmam-bW-IY XpSÀ¨bpw
]qÀ¯o-I-cW
- h
- p-ambn Cu Ihn-X-bn Aenªp tNcp-¶p. Pm\In tX§n-ad
- ª [c-bpsS
Bg-¯n \n¶mWv "arXyp-RvPb' F¶ {]WhapbÀ¶n-cn-¡p-¶Xv F¶v HmÀan-¡p-I.
arXyp-]q-Pb
- psS inÂ]-Nm-Xpcn ae-bmf Ihn-Xb
- n AXy-]qÀÆ-ambn It­-¡m-hp¶
H¶m-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
92
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
_me-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv
1980- Â "]Xn-s\«p Ihn-X-IÄ' F¶ IhnXm kam-lmcw {]kn²w sN¿p-¶-Xn\pw
ap³]v Xs¶ _m-e-N-{µ³ NpÅn-¡mSv {]kn-²-\mbn Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. "CsXsâ cà-am-WnsXsâ amwk-am-sW-Sp¯p sImÅpI' F¶ apJ-Ip-dn-¸pÅ Cu k©n-I-bnse Hmtcm IrXn¡p-ap­v Ihn-bpsS Bß-c-à-¯nsâ D¸nsâ cpNn. At±-l-¯nsâ IhnX tIc-f-¯nÂ
apc-Sn-¡m¯ ImhymkzmZ\ tNXÊp kq£n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v NhÀ¡p-Ibpw Ibv¡p-Ibpw Icn¼p-\ocv t]mse a[pcn¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. A£-c-§sf A£u-lnWnIfm¡n \nc¯n
bpK-cp-KvW-X-I-tfmSv ]S-s]m-cp-Xm³ CÑn-¡p¶ Ihn-bmWv _me-N-{µ³. Xsâ A´-cw-K¯n Hcp Aam-hm-kn-bpsS \n_n-Um-Ô-Im-chpw Hcp Iqen-¸-Wn-¡m-csâ Nncn-bpsS iy-`wKnbpw kz]v\-§-fpsS \ngepw \nemhpw At±lw t]dp-¶p. Xsâ cN-\-I-fn hyXy-kvXamb Hcp km{µ-Xbpw Kl-\X
- bpw _nw_m-he
- nbpw Otµm kzmX-{´yhpw kzc-ssh-Nn-{Xyhpw
Ihn¡v \ÂIn-bXv Xm³ hfÀ¶p-h¶ Ime¯v ]Iz-ambn sIm­n-cp¶ B[p-\nI Imhy
kwkvIm-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. apXnÀ¶ Ihn-I-fn-eq-sSbpw ]cn-`m-j-I-fn-eq-sSbpw `mhp-IXz NÀ¨-Ifn-eq-sSbpw Ihn kZ-Êp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw hs¶-¯nb Cu \h-kw-th-Z\w Xo£vW-am-sbmcp
Xnà iànbpw t]e-h-an-Ãm¯ Hcp `oj-W-ku-µ-cyhpw inh-\-S-\-k-am-\-amb DuÀÖ-{]km-chpw \ÂIn AXns\ shdpw P\-{]nb Ihn-Xb
- n \n¶v AXnsâ Imev]\
- n-Ihpw ]ptcmK\]c-hp-amb Ah-Xm-c-§-fn \n¶pw DbÀ¯n \nÀ¯n. kzXz-¯n \n¶pÅ ]mem-b-\aÃ, kzXz-¯nsâ A\-kyqXamb ]p\ÀPm-K-cw, ]p\-c-h-Xmcw, AXmWv _me-N-{µsâ IhnX-If
- n ImWp-I. Na-b-§Ä F{X-am-än-bmepw Bßmwiw ad-¨p-sh-¡m³ Cu Ihn¡v BhnÃ. Bßmwiw ]e-bn-S¯pw Bß-I-Ymw-i-am-Ip-¶p. ]nXmhv, amXmh,v ktlm-Z-cn, ]Xv\n,
]p{X³ F¶n-hÀ IYm-]m-{Xambn hcp¶ ]e Ihn-X-Ifpap­v. bm{X-]m«v, Aam-hmkn, ]nd¡m¯ aI-t\m-Sv, Xntcm-[m-\w, XmX-hmIyw, HmÀ½-I-fpsS HmWw, shfnhv F¶n-§-s\.
am¸p-km£n
_me-N-{µsâ `mhp-I-Xzs¯ cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p¶-Xn Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS Ihn-Xbpw
cmjv{Sob ss\Xn-IX
- sb cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶X
- n Fgp-]X
- p-If
- psS Ihn-Xbpw ]¦v hln-¨n«p­v.
_me-N-{µsâ BZy-Ime IhnX izkn-¡p¶ cmjv{So-bm-´c
- o£w AkvXnXz]m-Tm-ß-I-amb
Hcp ZmÀi-\nI ]cn-k-c¯v \n¶v kZm-ß-I-amb Hcp Xnc-sª-Sp¸pw D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-¯n-te¡pÅ kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ hnIm-khpw iq\y-X-bn-te-¡pÅ A`n-ap-J-co-I-c-W-¯nsâ kmaqln-I-amb Hcp L«w F¶ \ne-bn hntam-N-\m-i-b-t¯m-SpÅ ]pW-c-ep-am-Wv.
Hcp cmjv{Sob¯-S-hp-Im-c\v kaÀ¸n¨ "am¸p-km£n' F¶ {]kn-²-amb BZy-Ime
cN-\b
- n Xs¶ Ipä-t_m-[-¯nsâ kzc-amWv ap¶n«p \n¡p-¶X
- v. _me-N{- µsâ _nw_mß-Ihpw AXn-b-YmÀ°hpw \h-]-Z-kw-bpà km{µ-hpamb ssien-bpsS cq]o-I-c-Ws¯
kw_-Ôn¨pw \nÀ®m-b-I-amWv 1980  Fgp-X-s¸« Cu Ihn-X.
Hcp `mK¯v Xpd-¦Â -t`-Zn¨v kvt\l-{]-h-mls¯ kap{Z kwKo-X-ambn amäp-¶p.
_en-jvT-amb NnÃ-If
- n sImSp-¦mäv IqSp-sh-bv¡p¶ hÔy-Im-es¯ XWÂacw t]mepÅ
XS-hp-Im-c-\mb hn¹-h-Imcn tPmk^v. adp-h-i¯v hyàn ssZ\y-§Ä¡pw Bß-l-Xy¡pw
sIme-¡-b-dn-\p-an-S-bn BÀ¯-\mZw t]mse ]mbp¶ Pohn-Xhpw AXn \n¶pÅ
Bizmkhpw tXSn thiyme-b-¯n-se-¯p¶ Ihn Bßm-hp-sI«v s]m«n-Nn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v
ap³t] apJw tImSn \n{Z-bn hogp-¶p. c­p kw`m-jWw am{Xw "Rm³ \ns¶ kvt\ln¡p¶p' "^' Xnc-Èoe s]m´p-¶-Xn³ ap³]v B \mSIw Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
93
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
_oUn¡-d-bn Icnª lrZ-b-¯n-eq-dp¶ kvt\l-¯n\v sImSpw Ibv-¸m-sW¶pw
Iodn-¸d- nª Nq­nsâ Npw_\w ITm-cs
- Im-­pÅ Ip¯-em-sW¶pw Ihn-¡d
- n-bmw. F¦nepw
Btcm hcm-\mbn Xsâ lrZ-b-¯nsâ IhmSw Ihn Xpd-¶p-sh-bv¡p-¶p. Bcp hcn-I-bnsÃm-cn-¡epw F¶-dn-bm-sa-¦nepw shdpsX Hcp {]Xo-£.
X\n¡v Npäpw Ihn ImWp¶ ImgvNIÄ `oI-c§
- f
- m-Wv. temdn-¡S- n-bn s]« Ipªp§Ä h¶q-Xn-s¡Sp-¯p¶ ]mX-hn-f-¡p-IÄ, a{´-§fpw ]tc-Xm-ßm-¡fpw \nd-s¨-¯p¶
AÔ-Im-c-¯nsâ Xoh­n Zqsc \n¶p-b-cp¶ ac-W-aIp-Sn-bpsS kwKo-Xw. B kwKo-X¯nsâ ]oUbn \mUn-IÄ Ducn-bn-gªv sXcp-hn-te¡v HmSp-¶p. hmS-I¡
- mÀ hnjw Xn¶v
-a-cn¨ kvac-Wm-e-b-¯nsâ apgp-{`m-´nsâ PmeIw sIm«n-¯p-d-¡p-¶p. AhnsS ImWm-\m-hp¶Xv Iq«-¡-c-¨n-ep-ambn \S-¡p¶ t{]X-k-©m-chpw Nm¼epw FÃpw Pe-hp-am-Wv.
tPmk^v
F\n¡p h¿
F\n¡p h¿
B apdn-bn Ihn ImWp-¶Xv Zln¨ sagpIpXncn, ivaim\ hkv{Xw, ]nim-Nv -_m-[n¨
Itk-c-IÄ Xsâ taml-§-fpsS ih-Zmlw Ignª B apdn-bp-t]-£n-¡m³ Ihn a\Êv
sh¼p-¶p. Cfw ]pÃnsâ {]mW-l-cnX aqän-Xp-Sn-¡p¶ Im«p-ssZ-h-§Ä Xe-sh´ sX§nÂ
sXmSn-bnse thXm-fcmKw a®pw aSp¸pw agbpw ac-Whpw Xn¶v Imew-t]mse hf-cp¶
t{Im[w, Npcp-¡¯
- n BXvlX
- y¡pw sIme-bv¡p-an-Sb
- n-eqsS BÀ¯-\mZw t]mse ]mbp¶
Pohn-Xw. `mcw hen-¡p¶ Imf-I-fpsS I®n \n¶mWv t]mcp-bnÀ sImÅp¶sX¶pw,
\mbv¡-fpsS t]]n-Sn¨ Xe-t¨m-dn \n¶mWv hmfpwsh-fn-]m-Sp-ambn hn¹-h-Imcn hcp¶sX¶pw Ihn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p-­v. ]oU\hpw hn¹-hhpw X½n-epÅ Cu _Ôw am{X-amWv
X\n¡pw kplr-¯n\pw X½n-epÅsX¶v AbmÄ {]kvXm-hn-¡p-¶p. Hcp Ipä-k½
- Xw t]msebmWv Cu {]kvXmhw.
"tPmk^v
s]mdp-¡pI
\mw X½n-en-{X-am{Xw
Ipcn-in-te-dp-¶ aÀ¯ysâ
I¯n-¸-S-cp¶ cà-am-Ip¶p \o
]p{Xsâ aSn-bn acn-¡ps-¶m-c-½-X³
Cänäp hogp¶ I®p-\o-cmWp Rm³
\ocä a®nsâ \nXy-Zm-l-§-fnÂ
tXmcmsX s]¿p-¶-hÀj-am-Ip¶p \o
thZ\ X³ Imfn taL-¯n \ns¶¯n
`qan s]mÅn-¡p¶ sImÅn-bm-\mWp Rm³''
hn¹-h-Im-cn¡v ChnsS thZ ]pkvX-I-¯nse _en-bm-Snsâ apJ-ÑmbbmWp-ÅXv. ZpxJn-¡p¶-hÀ Ah-cpsS ZpxJw \nhÀ¯n-¡m³ _en-sIm-Sp-¡s¸Sp¶ AYhm kzbw _en-bm-hp¶-bm-fmWv hn¹-h-Imcn. CXv hfsc IrXy-amb a²y-hÀ¤ ho£-W-amWv. kln-¡p¶ D¯c-hm-ZnXzw X\n¡pw amdp¶Xv amäm-\mbn Ipcn-ti-äp¶ D¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw hn¹-h-Im-cn-¡pw.
At\-Imbncw sNdp-¸¡
- m-cpsS at\m-`mhs¯ Cu cN\ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p­v.
sXmgn-en-Ãm-¯h
- À, lXm-iÀ, GIm-In-IÄ, ]oUn-XÀ H¸wXs¶ Fgp-]X
- p-If
- p-bÀ¯nb hn¹h-Im-cn-bpsS k¦Â]s¯bpw Cu IhnX kXy-kÔ
- a
- mbn {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p-¶p. A]qÀÆambn am{X-am-W-bmÄ Pe-¯nse aÕy-ambn Xocp-¶-Xv. Pew t\m¡n ]nS-¡p-s¶mcp aÕyB[p-\n-I IhnX
94
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
am-bn-cp¶p A\y-h-XvIr-X-\mb Cu hn¹-h-Im-cn. Fgp-]-Xp-I-fnse tIc-f-¯nse a[y-hÀK
Xo{h-hmZn kzbw Icp-Xn-bn-cp-¶Xv Xm³ aäp-Å-hÀ¡mbn _en-bm-Sm-hp-I-bmWv F¶m-Wv.
B Nn´sb Cu IhnX iàn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p. _me-N-{µsâ ]e ]n¡me {]ta-b-§fpw
Cu Ihn-Xb
- n kqNn-Xa
- m-Ip-¶p-­v. Im¯n-cn-¸v, lXm-i-{]-Wb
- w, sImSpw-Zm-cn{Zyw AÔ-Imc-¯nsâ Xoh­n ac-W-a-IpSn X³ `oI-c-kw-KoX ]oU C§s\ Ihn-bpsS Xo£vW `mjW-¯n-\v DuÀÖw ]I-cp¶ A]qÀÆ-amb hmIv kwbp-à-§-fp-sSbpw ]e-t¸mgpw kÀ
dnbenÌv ssIh-cn-¡p¶ _nw_-§-fp-sSbpw hyà-amb Bcw`w ChnsS ImWmw.
cXnbpw arXnbpw _me-N-{µsâ IhnXbn kl-Pm-Xc
- m-Wv. ]e-t¸mgpw Ah H¶n¨v
Ihn-Xb
- n-te¡v IS¶v hcp-¶p. shtÆ-sd-bmbncn¡p-t¼mgpw ]c-kv]cw ssI\o-«p-¶p. {]Wbw
A]qÀÆ- a mbn am{Xta _me- N - { µsâ Ihn- X - b n Imev ] - \ n- I - a mb Hcp akrW
`mhamIp¶pÅp. Cu Ih-nXbn t\m¡pI:þ
c­p kw`m-jWw am{Xw, Xnc-Èoe
s]m´p-¶-Xn ap³]p-Xo-cp¶p \mSIw
Rm³ \ns¶ kvt\ln-¡p¶p
"^'
amwk \n_n-Uam-Ib
- m-Â Cu cmKw \iz-ca
- m-Ip-¶p. H¶p-In arXyp-hn-t\m-SS- p¯p \n¡p¶
AXn-th-Z-\m-Icamb Hcp `mh-amtbm AsÃ-¦n Xo{h-c-Xn-`m-h-apÅ Hcp Iev]\ hnPrw-`Wamtbm cXn- am-dp-¶-Xnsâ t\À¡m-gvN.
Xsâ kÀK-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ a²ym-Ós¯ Ipdn-¡p¶ Cu kam-lcw ]pd-¯n-d-§pt¼m-tg¡pw _me-N-{µ³ X\n¡v e`n¨ kaÀl-amb klr-Z-bmwKo-Im-c-¯n-eqsS Ihn-Xsb
kw_-Ôn¨ Gsd AÔ-hn-izm-k-§sfbpw shÃp-hn-fn¨p Ign-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. C¶v asäÃm
Fgp-¯p-Im-cn \n¶pw amdn- \n¡p¶ hn¹-h-t_m[w NpÅn-¡m-Snsâ Ihn-X-I-fnÂ
ZriyamWv.
sI. Pn. i¦-c-¸nÅ
1960 Ifnepw 70- I-fnepw ae-bmf Imhy-tem-I¯v A`n-i-]vX-ambn \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶
iq\y-Xm-hm-Z-¯n\pw Acm-jv{SobhmZ-¯n\pw FXnsc Iem-]-s¡mSn DbÀ¯n-s¡m-­mWv
i¦-c]nÅ Xsâ {Xkn-¡p¶ Ihn-X-I-fp-ambn IS-¶p-h-¶Xv IhnX B[p-\nI I]-S-\m-Syam-h-cp-Xv. kzXxt{]cnX hn¹-h-t_m-[-¯nsâ `uXnI km¶n²yw sIm­v iàn- t\-tS­
am\-knI `mh-am-bn-cn-¡-W-a-Xv. C¯-c-samcp a\-Ênsâ Imhy-kn-²n-I-fmWv At±-l-¯nsâ
Ihn-X-IÄ. Ct±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-I-fn-seÃmw Xs¶ hyh-Øm-]nXamb Imhy k¦-ev]§Äs¡-Xn-scbpÅ \ninX hnaÀi-§-fp-­v. A\p-hm-N-Isc KX-Im-e-N-cn-{Xm-h-in-jvS-§fpsS imZze kvac-W-I-fn A`n-c-an-¡mt\m \jvSs¸-Sp¶ aqey-§sf¡pdn-t¨mÀ¯v
apXe¡®oscm-gp-¡mt\m Ihn A\p-hZ- n-¡p-¶n-Ã. Ncn{X kXy-§f
- psS ckw \pIÀ¶v ab§nIn-S¡msX kwkvIm-cnI aqey-§-fpsS XInSw adn-¨-en I­p sR«n-¯-cn-¡m-\mWv Ihn
Blzm\w sN¿p-¶X
- v. Imhy-]m-c-¼c
- y-¯nsâ aqÀ¯-LS- I
- §
- f
- mb ¢mkn-kt- ¯bpw \otbm¢m-kn-k-t¯bpw Imev]-\n-I-X-tbbpw Ah-bpsS A\p-jvTm\]c-X-I-fn \n¶v ASÀ¯nam-än A¯-cw- L-S-\-I-fn \ne-\n¡p¶ kmwkvIm-cnI {]Xn-tem-a-X-Isf hnaÀi-\m-ßI-ambn hne-bn-cp-¯m³ Ihn \s½ t{]cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. t`mKem-ek
- -Xsb XXz-ZÀi-\a
- mbn I­
]gb-km-lnXy ]mc-¼-cys¯ Xnc-kv¡-cn-¡pI F¶XmWv i¦-c-¸nÅ Imhy-a-cym-Z-bnÂ
Blzm\w sN¿p-¶-Xv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
95
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
sIm¨n-bnse hr£-§Ä
B[p-\nI a\p-jysâ hn¹-hX
- zc {]Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶ Ihn-Xb
- m-Wn-Xv. bmYmÀ°y¯nsâ Dd¨ ]mX-bn sIm¯n-sh-¨-Xm-bn-cn-¡Ww Ihn-X. Cu Ihn-X-bn {]Xo-Im-ß-IbpsS \navt\m-¶X hn\y-k-\-§-fmWv ImWp-¶-Xv. sIm¨n-bnse hr£-§Ä ChnsS AhbpsS ]cn-an-XmÀ°-¯n- \n¶v hnI-kz-c-amb Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI {]]-©-¯nsâ sshhn[y-¯n-te¡v hym]-cn-¡p-¶p. Ihn Ihn-X-bn-ep-S-\ofw em£-WnI _nw_-§-fmWv D]-tbmKn-¡p-¶-Xv. sIm¨n-bnse hr£w F¶ tI{µ _nw_-¯n-eqsS ]­s¯ {]Xm]w CÃm-Xmb-Xnsâ Krlm-Xp-cXsb Ipdn-¨pw, ]cn-Øn-Xn-IÄ¡pw, {]Ir-Xn¡pw h¶ amä-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw
kmln-Xy-¯n kw`-hn¨ ]cn-Wm-a-§sf Ipdn-¨p-saÃmw Ihn thh-em-Xn-sIm-Åp-¶p.
Hcp Ime¯v/Xr¡m-¡-c-ap-XÂ
sIm¨n¯pd-ap-Jw hsc-bpÅ hgn
Hcp t\Àhc t]mse
hnizmkw \nd-ª-Xm-bn-cp¶p
Xpd-ap-J¯v \n¶mÂ
Xr¡m-¡c hnf-¡p-ImWmw
Xr¡m-¡c hnf-¡nt\m
\oe¯nc \an-¡p-¶Xpw ImWmw.
]­v, AXm-bXv, Sn¸p- Kma sIm¨n-hmW-hÀ½³amÀ, Ių NXn-b³, s]mfn-hN
- \w Úm\¸-g-hp-ambn h¶ ]m¼v XpS-§n-b-h-f-hp-IÄ¡pw ap³]v A¨Sn, Cw¥ojv, Atem-¸Xn
XpS§nb -th-K-§Ä¡pw ap³]v Xr¡m-¡c apX sIm¨n-¯p-d-apJw hsc-bpÅ hgn Hcp
]g-s©m-Ãp-t]mse \m«p-sh-fn¨w \nd-ª-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. B hgn-bpsS Ccp-]m-Sptam "cw acw
ac-acw ac-acw' F¶v alm-a-c-§Ä sNhn-bm«n, hmem«n, Xp¼n-bm«n \n¶n-cp-¶p. \«p-¨bv¡v
Cu XWÂa-c-¨n-Ã-IÄ hgn-t]m-¡À¡v a¬a-dª ]nXr-¡-fpsS A\p-{K-l n-¡p¶
ssIIfmbn.
Ime-{I-taW Ah-bn NneXv cma-\m-a-§-fmbn tZh-cq-]-§-fm-bn, Akp-c-Zwjv{SIfm-bn. NneXv hnf¡pac-§-fmbn, NneXv ap¡-men-bmbn, NneXv ]Ã-¡m-bn, Igp-t¡mepw,
Nn{X-hm-Xn-ep-ambn CuPn-]vXntem {Kokntem NneXv Nµ-\-K-Ô-ambn NneXv sN­-bpsS
XmÞ-h-ambn Dbn-c-pW-cp¶ Infn-¸m-«mbn ]Sn-ªm-d³ Imän-\pÅ hoW-bmbn NneXv
s]m¡hpw ]SÀ¨bpw IqSnb a¡-fmbn ImXepw ^ehpw £bn¨ ]c-¼-c-bmbn Bgw
Ipdª ]¨-bmbn NneXv sImSn-a-c-§fpw NneXv Igp-a-c-§-fp-am-bn.
Imew amdn IY-amdn. t_m[n-¨p-h-Sn sh«n-\p-d-¡-s¸« kuµ-cy-ambn InS¶ ]Xn-X-Imew. A`-b-¯nsâ hncq] inJ-c-¯n CS-]Ån ssZ\y-¯nsâ ]Xm-I-bm-bn. N§-¼pg
Xg-¨p. sshtem-¸nÅn sshZyp-Xn-bm-bn, hm¡p-I-fn hk-´-[z-\n-bmbn ]q¯p-bÀ¶ Hcp
]mXm-f-hr£-ambn amdn. hm¡p-I-fpsS alm-_-en-bmbn ]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbÀ.
""Imev]mSp-I-f-Wnªv hgnbpw
hgn-¸m-Sp-I-fn-f-Wnªv Imep-Ifpw hfÀ¶p
\c-Im-h-tcm-l-¯n-te¡v F¶-t]mse
hf-hp-Ifpw DtZym-K-§fpw hfÀ¶p''
B hgn-bpsS Ccp-]mSpw sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb ]pI-¡p-g-ep-IÄ DbÀ¶p. hfw \nÀ½m-Wim-e, \nb-a\
- nÀ½mWime, kÀÆ-Ie
- m-ime, kmlnXy inÂ]-ime, F®-ip-²o-I-cW ime
F¶n-§s\ sIm¨n \K-c-tI-{µo-Ir-X-amb hnI-k-\-¯n\v amXr-I-bm-bn.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
96
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
s]cp-a-bä ]pXnb ]pXnb
Xd-hm-Sp-I-fn \n¶v ]pI-D-b-cp¶p
\new sXmSmsX
hr£-¯nsâ t{]X-cq-]-§-fmbn
]s­sâ sNdnb Ipf-¯nse
ao³\r-¯hpw \£-{X-a-Wepw ad-¨p-bÀ¶
]mb-ep-IÄ t]mse ]pI-]-S-cp¶p
Imän\v Imän\v KXn-amdn cq]w-amdn
ZmÀi-\n-I-amb \mtSm-Sn-¯-ambn
Cc-tX-Sp¶ hnj-ab-ambn
I®n I®n ]pI-s]-cp-Ip¶p
Hgn-hp-I-fpsS ]¨ hnd-In³ta \½psS P·-ZoÀL-amb ih-Zm-lw, I®nepw aq¡nepw
\m¡nepw \miw]n-Sn¨ apbÂsIm¼nepw hm¨n _mKn `mhn-¡n-\m-hn Ipªn-Im-e-SnI-fn kmh-[m\w ]pI-bpsS Xp¼n-ssI-Npän ]S-cp-¶p. F¶n«pw \nkw-K-am-bn-cn-¡p¶ kaqls¯ t\m¡n Ihn ]d-bp-¶-Xn-§s\:þ
""FWo-¡m³ [rXn-s¸-tS­
ka-b-ap-­tÃm th­p-thmfw!''
F{X \nin-X-amb ]cn-lm-kw. \ma-dn-bmsX \s½- {K-kn¨v sIm­ncn-¡p¶ Hcp {]Xn-tema
kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ `ojWn \mw Adn-bmsX t]mhp-IbmWv. {]Xn-I-cW tijn \jvS-s¸-«h-cmbn AIÀa-Wy-X-bpsS hàm-¡-fmbn \mw ac-hn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶p F¶ bmYmÀ°yw
\s½ HmÀ½n-¸n-¨p- sIm-­mWv Ihn Ihn-X-b-h-km-\n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv.
t\Àh-c-t]mse hnizmkw \ndª Hcp hgn-¯m-c-bpsS km£m-Xv¡m-c-¯n-em-cw-`n¨v
hgn-bpsS \navt\m-¶-XI
- Ä \½psS kwkv¡m-c¯-\n-asb ]Xps¡ th«-bm-Sp-¶X
- nsâ {IqcNn{Xw Imgv¨ sh¨v X\n-a\
- -jvSs
- ¸-Sp¶ Hcp kwkvIm-ca
- mWv \½p-tS-sX-¶-dn-ªn«pw ab¡w
hn«p-W-cm³ aSn-¡p¶ kmwkv¡m-cnI t_m[-¯n\v \ninX hnaÀi\w \ÂIn ]cn-lm-ktZym-Z-I-amb hmN-I-§ÄsXm-Sp¯p hn«p-sIm­v Ihn ]n³am-dp-¶p.
Xr¡m-¡c apXÂ sIm¨n- Xp-d-apJw hsc-bpÅ hgn t\Àhc t]mse hnizmkw \ndª-Xm-bn-cp¶p F¶v Ihn kqNn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ AXn-eqsS amthen \mSp-hm-Wn-cp¶ Hcp
alm-km-{am-Py-¯n-sâbpw ]c-ip-cm-a³ agp-sh-dnªv t\Snb Hcp tIc-f-¯n-sâbpw Xpd-apJ
kwkv¡mcw Icp-]n-Sn-¸n¨ tIc-fobXbp-tSbpw Nn{Xw A\p-hm-NI a\-Ên sXfn-bp-¶p.
Xr¡m-¡c apXÂ sIm¨n- Xp-d-apJw hsc-bpÅ hgn Hcp ]g-s©mÃv t]mse \m«p-sh-fn¨w
\nd-ªX
- m-bn-cp¶p F¶pÅ {]I-cW
- k
- q-N\ kwkv¡m-c¯
- n-Ih
- n-tâ-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. ]Xn-cn-Ãm¯
Hcp ]g-s©mÃv t]mse kmwkvIm-cnI X\na ChnsS \ne-\n-¶n-cp¶p F¶v Ihn-[z-\ym-ßI-ambn kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶p. kwkvIm-c¯
- nsâ XWÂhr-£§
- Ä DÕ-hm-tLm-j¯
- n\p ap¶nÂ
sNhn-bm«n \nc-\n-c-bmbn \nc-¶p-\n¡p¶ B\-¡q-«-§-sf-t]mse IuXpIw ]IÀ¶n-cp¶p-sh-¦n Imem-´c
- ¯
- n kwkvIm-c¯
- nsâ ioX-fO
- mb ap{Z-IÄ kwkvIm-c¯
- nsâ Xs¶
t\m¡p-Ip-¯n-I-fmbn amdn \½psS kwkv¡m-cnI X\na then-tb-ä-§-fn-eqsSbpw then-bnd-¡-§-fn-eq-sSbpw Dufn-bn-«n-d-§n. kmwkvIm-cnI \thm-°m-\-¯nsâ XWÂa-c-§Ä B\I-sf-t]mse sNhn-bm-«nbpw a¬a-dª ]nXr-¡f
- psS A\p-{K-la
- mbpw \·-sNm-cn-ªt- ¸mÄ
{]Xn-tema kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ hymfn-ap-J-§fpw AXn-\n-S-bn an¶n-a-dnªp
B[p-\n-I IhnX
97
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Bimsâ kvt\l-k-¦-ev]hpw CS-]-Ån-bpsSbpw N§-¼p-g-bp-sSbpw atkm-¡nÌv
{]h- W - X - I fpw sshtem- ¸ n- Å n- b psS bpK- ] - c n- h À¯\ Nn´- b p- s S iwsJm- e nbpw
]n.Ipªncma³ \m-bcpsS Ihn-X-I-fnse tIc-fo-b X\n-abpw ChnsS kmwkv¡m-cnI
X\nabpsS ap{Z-I-fmbn hfÀ¶p hnI-kn-¨p. kmwkvIm-cnI \thm-°m-\-¯nsâ Imev]mSv
]Xnª hgn-IÄ tIc-fo-b-Xbv¡v \nd-¨mÀ¯v ]IÀ¶p. tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS Cusbmcp hnIkz-c-X-bn-te-¡m-Wv, D]-t`m-K-kw-kvIm-c-¯nsâ apJm-h-c-Whpw AWn-ªp-sIm­v \c-Imh-tcm-l-W-¯n-te¡v F¶-Xp-t]mse hf-hp-Ifpw DtZym-K-§fpw Akz-Ø-X-Ifpw Bi-¦I-fp-ambn Hcp {]Xn-tema kwkvImcw IS-¶p-h-¶-Xv. ac-§Ä \nc-¶p-\n-¶n-cp¶ hgn-tbmc¯v DbÀ¶p-h¶ hm-Wn-Py-kw-kv¡mcw tIc-fob kwkv¡m-c-¯n-sâ t{]X-cq]w krjvSn¡p-¶p. tIc-f-¯nsâ ip²-Xb
- mÀ¶ Pe-¯n Pohs\ ad-¨p-sIm­ ]mb-ep-IÄ hfÀ¶p.
ImÂNp-h-«nse a®n-f-Ip-t¼mgpw \ne-\n¸n-\mbn \mw Hgn-hp-I-gn-hp-Isf B{i-bn-¡p-¶p.
\mw \½psS Xs¶ ]«-Sbv¡v Xo sImfp-¯p-¶p. ihw I¯p¶Xnsâ ZpÀKÔw \½psS
kwkv¡m-c-¯nsâ hnlz-e-X-bp-WÀ¯n hs¶-¯m³ \mw X{Xs¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. "ka-b-ap-­tÃm
th­p-thmfw' F¶ Bizm-k-a{´w \ncÀ°-I-ambn \mw Dcp-hn-Sp-¶p.
BäqÀ chn-hÀ½
AÀ¡w
kzXz-hn-Nm-c¯
- nsâ kqjva amÀK-§f
- n-eq-sS-Xs¶ Xnc-ªp-\S- ¡
- p¶ Ihn a\-Ênsâ
At\z-j-W-§-fmWv AÀ¡w F¶ Ihn-X. temI-¯n X\n¡p ImWm³ h¿m-¯-h-\mbn
Xm³ am{X-ta-bpÅq F¶ s]mcp-¯-t¡-Sn-emWv IhnX Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. aäp-Å-hsc Adnbm³ Ign-bp-t¼mgpw Xm³ Adn-b-s]-Sm-¯-h-\mbn \n¡p¶p F¶ hnj-as¯ At\Iw
\Àt½m-àn-Ifpw hncp-t²m-àn-Ifpw sIm­mWv Ihn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
Ime¯p tPmen¡p t]mIp-t¼mÄ
I®mSn Rm\{X t\m¡oe
Iq«p-Im-scm-¯p-sų Nn{X-¯nÂ
asäm-cm-tfbpw Rm³ I­n-Ã.
Xsâ apJw F§-s\-bp-Å-Xm-sW¶v F{X HmÀ½n-¨n«pw e`n¡p-¶n-Ã. Hma\ Xn¦Ä InSmsh¶pw tIma-f-Xm-a-c-¸q-sh¶pw aäp-Å-hs
- c-t]mse Rm\pw Fs¶ Ipdn¨p aqfp-¶p. A¨³
sNdp-X-m-b-Xm-sW¶pw A½-abpsS X\n-Ñm-b-bm-sW¶pw AÃ A½m-h-s\-t]msebmWn-cn¡p-¶-sX¶pw _Ôp-¡Ä ]c-kv]cw hmIv]-bäp \S-¯p-¶p. ]t£ X\n-¡p-am{Xw Xs¶
Xncn-¨-dn-bm-\m-hp-¶n-Ã. AI-e¯
- qsS Bfp-IÄ \S¶p t]mIp-t¼mÄ AXm-cm-sW¶pw Xncn¨-dn-bm³ X\n-¡m-hpw, Bcp-sS-sb-¦nepw i_vZw ]nd-InÂtI«mepw ]pd-In-eqsS h¶v Xsâ
I®p-IÄ s]m¯p-¶-Xm-sc¶pw X\n¡v Xncn-¨-dnbmw, ]t£þ
F³ \S-am{Xw Rm³ Im¬aoe
F³ sN¯w am{Xw Rm³ tIĸoe
AXp-sIm­v F¶pw Xsâ apJw, ap{Z, KXn, Xnc-ªp-\-S-¡p-I-bmWv Xm³.
tImWn-I-bdnbnd-§p¶p
tImW-hm-ep-an-d-§p¶p
Rms\sâ Iq«ns\ tXSp-¶p.
ImWm¯ Nmep-I-fn-eqsS Rm³
tImem-bn-se¶pw \S-¡p-¶p.
Fs¶ Xncªp \S-¡p-¶p.
hf-hp-Ån-S-h-gn Npäp¶p
hb-ep-ap-dn¨v IS-¡p-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
98
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
I¯p¶ \«p-¨-t\-c¯pw I«-¡-cn-t]m-epÅ Cc-«¯pw Xs¶ Xncªv Xncªv I®p-IÄ
ImWm-sX-bm-hp-¶p. Xs¶ -Im-Wm\pw Adn-bm-\p-apÅ Hcp henb bm{X-bpsS Nn{X-amWv
]n¶o-Sp-h-cp-¶-Xv. Xs¶-¯m³ Adn-bm³ Hcn-S-¯n-cp¶v [ym\n-¨m t]mcm \msS§pw Aebp-Ibpw thWw F¶Xv ]pcm-X-\-amb Hcp C´y³ Bi-b-am-Wv. ]cn-{hm-P-I-\m-WtÃm
k\ymkn B coXn-bn-epÅ bm{X-bmWv ]n¶n«p hcp-¶-Xv.
tKmIÀW-t¯mfw Rm³ t]mbv h¶p.
I\ym-ap-\-¼nepw Rm³sN-¶p.
aªn Rm³ tamkvt¡m-hn-se-¯p-¶p.
]q¡m-e-sa-¯p¶p ]o¡n-§nÂ
(1948 Ime¯v Hcp Iayq-WnÌpImc-\m-bn-cp¶ Ihn tamkvtImbpw ]o¡n§pw AXnsâ
kqN\ \ÂIp-¶p) Ime-¯n-eq-sSbpw Øe-¯n-eq-sSbpw EXp-t`-Z-§Ä Xm­n \S-¯nb
Cu bm{X-bpsS kam-]vXn-bnepw Bfp-IÄ t]cp ]ng-¨mWv hnfn-¡p-¶-Xv. Xm\Ã hnfn-¡-s¸Sp-¶-Xv. Xsâ bYmÀ° ·-X-\n-¡-dnªp IqSm.
""Ducn Xncn¨p Rm³ sNÃp-t¼m-sg-Ãmcpw
t]cp ]ng¨p hnfn-¡p-¶p.
F¯n-bXv F¶q-cn-em-hnÃ
sXän-b-sX³ t]cp-am-hnÃ
AYhm \o Rm\m-hnÃ
\ns¶ sb\n-¡p-a-dn-hoe''
]I-eo¶p amdn-sbm-fn-¸q \o Ccp-«n-sâ-IqsS \S-¸q\o Hcp shfn-¨-¯nepw shfn-s¸-Sm-¯,
X\n¡v ImWmt\m Adn-bmt\m Bhm¯ H¶v Xsâ CÃm-bva-bn am{Xw D¬a-b-bmbv
Xocp¶ H¶v AXm-Ip¶p Xm³. Ihn-X-bn ]n¶oSp hcp-¶Xv `bm-\-Ihpw kz]v\-Xp-ey-hpamb Hcp kwLÀj-cw-K-am-Wv.
H¶c \mgnI t]mbt¸mÄ \o hs¶þ
¶p½d hmXn-en ap«p-¶p.
c­p \mgnI t]mb-t¸m-sg-¶psS
X­n« hmXn Xpd-¡p¶p
Ggc \mgnI cms¨-¶-t¸mÄ
Ggp-a-Xnepw XIÀ¡p-¶p.
ae-bmbv XS-p¡p¶p \o ap¶nÂ
IS-embv Ae-dp¶p \o ]n¶nÂ
]mXn-cm-bvs¡-¶psS tNmc-bm ]uÀ®an
cmshmcp sN¼-«-pSp-¡p-¶p.
Xsâ kXy-amb D¬a ImW-s¸-Sp¶ Xs¶ \in-¸n-¡p-¶p. Xsâ tNmc-hoWv ]uÀ®an
XpSp-¡p-¶p. Cu A\p-`-h-¯nse¯p-t¼mÄ Ihn-Xbv¡v Hcp ]pcm-hr-¯-¯nsâ kz`mhw
ssIh-cp-¶p. H¶c \mgnI-t]m-b-t¸mÄ, Gg-c-\m-gnI cms¨-¶-t¸mÄ F¶n-§s\ kwJybpsS am{´n-IX
- bpw ]g-¦Y
- b
- psS HmÀ½bpw DWÀ¯-s¸-Sp-¶p. Xsâ ac-W¯
- n Ahkm\n¡m¯ tNmc-]p-c­ B cm{Xn-bnse kwLÀj-¯n-\p-tijw cmhp ]pe-cp-¶Xv aªnte¡pw Ipfn-cnsâ Adn-hn-te¡pw shfn-¨¯
- n-te-¡p-amWv KwK-bp-tSbpw t]cm-dn-tâbpw h¡¯v, hwi-Nn-Óhpw Ipe-Nn-Ó-hp-amb Hcp kc-kzXo {]hm-l-¯nsâ Hmc¯v Hcp Fcn-¡n³
sNSn-bmbn \n¡p-I-bmWv Rm³.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
99
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
""F³ \nd-a-Ãtbm ImWp¶p
tase-bm-\oe sbmgp-t¡mfw
F³ apJ-a-Ãtbm ImWp¶p
Xmg-bp-tÅmf ¸c-t¸mfw''
B hwi-¯nse Hcm-fmbn, Hcp I®n-bmbn Xm³ F¶ Hcp Hä-s¸« {]Xn-`m-k-an-Ã. Hcp
henb XpSÀ¨-sb-bp-Åq. Alw-t_m[w F¶ H¶nsâ Ah-km-\-¯nepw HcmÄ¡v kzbw
ZÀin-¡mw F¶ im´-c-k-¯n-emWv IhnX Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶-Xv. \À½hpw {]km-Zhpw
\mS³ioepw hm¡nsâ sXfn-¨hpw Cu Ihn-X-bpsS Bghpw Ag-Ip-am-Wv.
AÀ¡-¯n {][m-\-ambn hcp¶ Hcp _nw_-ap­v þ "bm{X' BW-Xv. hoSp-hn«v
]pd-t¯¡p t]mIÂ, hnIm-kw, apàn, Xs¶-¯m³ Adn-bÂ, F¶n-h-bp-sS-sbÃmw cq]I-amWv Cu bm{X. C¯cw bm{X-IÄ AI-e-§-fn-te¡pw AIm-e-§-fn-te¡pw \o§p¶
hgn-¯m-c-IÄ, AÀ¡-¯n am{X-aà Bäq-cnsâ aäp Ihn-X-I-fnepw kpe-`-am-bp-­v.
C§s\ Xt¶ Xs¶ At\z-jn-¨p-sIm-­pÅ Hä-bmÄ k©m-c-amWv BäqÀ IhnX-IÄ Bäq-cnsâ Imhy Poh-Xhpw Hcp XnS-¼n\pw Ip\n-¡m¯ inc-tÊmsS Hcp £b¯nepw ]Xn-¡m¯ a\-tÊmsS Xsâ A\p-`-h-§-fpsS t\Àhc ]nSn-¨pÅ kw©m-cw.
t\cn-sâbpw {i²-bp-sSbpw kqjvaX
- -bp-sSXp-amb Cu k©m-c¯
- n At±lw cNn¨ IhnX-bpsS F®w Ipd-hmWv F¦nepw Ah-bpsS CuSv kwi-bm-Xo-X-am-Wv. HmÀ¯p-t\m-¡nbm Duä-mWv BäqÀ Ihn-X. `qKÀ`-P-ew-t]mse hm¡n-sâbpw Pohn-X-¯n-sâbpw AI-hgn-I-fn ]c¶v \m«nse FÃm A\p-`-h- In-W-dp-I-tfbpw \nd¨v ]pd-ta¡p ImWm¯
DÄ{]-hm-l-§-fmbn Ihn-X-bn GXp th\-enepw sISm¯ BÀ{Z-Xsb P\n-¸n-¡p-¶p.
Acn-Is¯ bm{Xn-I\
- m-bn, Zpc-¯n-ep-Åh
- \
- mbn s]m¡-¯n-ep-Å-h\
- mbn kz´w sN¯hpw
Nqcpw tIÄ¡m-¯-h-\m-bn, hm¡nsâ kzchpw au\hpw Adn-bp-¶-h-\mbn Bg-§-fnÂ
thÀ]m-Inbh\mbn A\y-\mbn \mep-]-Xn-äm-­p-IÄ ]n¶n-«n-cn-¡p¶p BäqÀ Ihn-X-IÄ.
Hma-\X
- n-¦Ä InSm-sh¶pw tIma-fX
- m-ac
- ]
- q-sh¶pw Ccp-«¯v aqfn-bn-cp¶ Rm³ tase
B \oe Hgp-t¡m-fhpw Xmg-bpÅ Hmf-]-c-t¸m-fhpw hym]n-¨-Xnsâ IY AÀ¡-¯n ]dbp-¶p-­v. hyàn-]-c-amb `mj ap¼pw ]n¼p-an-Ãm-s¯mcp hgn-¯m-c-bm-hp-¶-Xnsâ NmcnXmÀ°yw -Xs¶ Ihn \ÂIp-¶-Xv. \n\¡pw IqSn _m[-I-am-Im-¯-sXm¶pw F\n-¡nÃ
Ihn-Xb
- nÂ.
Xpfp-¼p-I-bnà BäqÀ, GI]£o-b-aà BäqÀ, IhnXIfnse Rm³ Bß-I-Ym-]c-amb Rm\-Ã, Hfn-ªn-cn-¡Â Xs¶ At±-l-¯nsâ Dd-¨n-cn-¡Â. hcn-¨tXm h³]p-Wy¯m ]Xn-¨tXm h³]m-]-¯m F¶ a[yØ Nn´ Bäq-cn kZm kPo-hw. \n\¡v
I¿n ]m©-P-\yhpw N½«n-bp-an-Ãm-bn-cp-s¶-¦n Np­n-tem-S¡
- p-g am{X-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦nÂ
hÃ-t¸mgpw tIÄ¡p¶h\n- HcmÄ am{X-am-tbs\ F¶ A{]n-b-amb t\c-dn-b Bäqcn\v ]°y-am-Wv.
""AÀt¡ tN³a-[p-hn-§nXm
InaÀ°w ]ÀÆ-Xw-{h-tPX''
(C-cp-t¶-S-¯p- Xs¶ tX³ In«n-sIm-­n-cnt¡ tX³tXSn ae-bnepw ]ÀÆ-X-¯nepw
t]mIp¶sX´n\v? F¶n-h-Ss¯ AÀ¡-amWv Bäq-cnsâ AÀ¡w kzmX-{´ys¯ `b-s¸Sp¶ a®n-en-d-§m³ aSn-¡p-¶, kz´w Imep-I-fn \S-¡m¯ Hcp -P-\-Xbv¡v BäqÀ
A{]m-]y-\m-hp-¶-Xn kwi-b-an-Ã. Bäq-cn I®-©n-¡p¶ D]-cn-X-e-§-fn-Ã. Pbn¨ cq]§Ä BhÀ¯n-¡-ep-an-Ã. shÅn-sh-fn-¨-¯n-eà Hcn-¡epw BäqÀ.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
100
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
BÀ. cma-N-{µ³
"iyma kpµcn', "]ns¶', F¶o Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-§-fpsS IÀ¯mhv s{]m^. BÀ.
cma-N-{µ³ AXoXthZ-\-IÄ timI-km-{µ-ambn Bhn-jv¡-cn-¡p¶ ]pXp-bpK Ihn-bm-Wv.
\ng-ense hn{`m´ Ne-\-§Ä¡¸pdw kvt\l-¯nsâ teme kv]µ-\-§Ä Ihn {]Xo-£n¡p-¶p. Ihn-X-bn Xtâ-Xmb Nmep-Io-dn, AXns\ Bkzm-ZI lrZ-b-§-fn-te¡v \bn¨v
Ahn-S-§-fn \\-hp-­m¡n iyma au\-§Ä tXSp¶ Ihn-bm-Wn-t±-lw. I]S ZmÀi-\n-IX-bpsS ]cn-th-j-aà Bßm-hn-ep-W-cp¶ ZpxJ-kvar-Xn-I-fpsS au\-Ko-X-§-fmWv At±--l¯nsâ Ihn-X-IÄ. temeamb hm¡p-I-fn hnjm-Z-¯nsâ A´À[m-cbpw `pX-Ime
t{]ahpw cma-N{- µsâ Ihn-Xb
- n ImWp-¶p. imiz-Xs
- at¶m ZpxJ-sa¶ k]vXm-£cnsIm­p
hnh-cn-¡m-hp¶ `mh Xe-amWv At±-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-I-fn-ep-Å-Xv. hniz-tZ-hsâ Aim-ayamb tcmZ-\-ambn Ime-t¯bpw Icmf ZpxJ-ambn hm\-t¯bpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶ Cu Ihn
A\m-Zy-´-\mb At±-l¯
- n\v arXn `oXn-bn \n¶pfhm-Ip¶ Pohn-Xk
- vt\-l-am-[p-cys¯
Adn-bm³ Ign-ªn-«n-Ãm-¯-Xp-sIm­v a\p-jy-t\-¡mÄ ZpxJn-X-\mWp Xms\¶v Ihn-X-If
- neqsS kaÀ°n-¡p-¶p. PohnXw iyma-Omb IeÀ¶-Xm-sW¶v hniz-kn-¡p¶ BÀ. cma-N{µsâ sXc-sª-Sp¯ Ihn-X-IÄ¡v 2000 ¯n tI{µkm-lnXy A¡m-Zan ]pc-kv¡mcw
e`n-¨p.
IhnXm kam-lm-c-§Ä þ kky-\n-Ip-RvP§
- Ä, iyma-kp-µc
- n, ]ns¶, F´n\o bm{X F¶nh-bmWv BÀ. cma-N-{µsâ Ihn-X-IÄ.
]mT-`mKw
iq\y-Xt- bm-SpÅ \nXy-X-bpsS \njv^-e-amb AaÀjw-t]mse th\¡me hm\w
Pzen-¡p-I-bm-Wv. N{I-hm-f-§Ä amªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Cu shfn¨w Ak-ly-amw-hn[w angn-bnÂ
IqSn Xpf¨p Ibdn Ic-fn Ip¯p-I-bm-Wv, \nXy-Xb
- psS ]pcm-X\
- -amb hgn \o­n-gªpw
Aeªpw BÀ¯n-]q­v \nXy ioX-fa
- mb Ccp-«nsâ aSn-X«- n Xs¶ icWw {]m]n-¡p-¶p.
XatÊ/Pbn-¸p\o
tIhew \nizmk¯mÂ
\n³I-c-fn-t¶-Im-´X
\o \nd-bv¡p-t¼mÄ
IÀ½-{]-]©w hnSÀ¶p-N-en-¡p-¶p.
\nsâ eoe-bnÂ/\o Nncn-¡p-t¼mþ
sf§p shfn¨w ]c-¡p-¶p.
XatÊ Rm³ \nsâ DZ-c-¯n-em-Wp-ÅXv. Ime-¯nsâ Ipf-s¼m¨ tIÄ¡m¯ Cu Ccp«n Rm\n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ \o Pbn-¡p-¶p. temI-¯nsâ IÀ½hpw shfn-¨hpw \nb-{´n-¡p¶Xv \obm-Wv. ]nd-hn-sIm-Åm³ XpSn-¡p¶ Poh³t]mse \n¶-Sp¯n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ, ag-hnÃn³ {]Imiw XS-hp¶ BImi-¯nsâ Nnd-Ip-IÄ hnS-cp-¶-Xn³ arZp kzc-§fpw {]]-©¯nsâ N{I {`a-Wm-c-hhpw Rm\-dn-bp-¶p. AsX-¶n At¼äp ]nSbp¶ {]mhnsâ thZ\-t]mse aqÀÑn-¡p-¶p. AS-§m¯ Bk-àn-sIm­v D³a-¯-amb Bßm-hnsâ \m\m
PohnX hn{`m´nIÄ am{X-amWv ImWm-\p-ÅXv. tIÄ¡p-¶-Xm-Is« F¶n \n¶p-bÀ¶v
F¶n Xs¶ amsämen sImÅp¶ ktµ-l-§Ä am{Xw. CXv Ne\ cln-Xa
- mb Ne-\hpw
\ni-_vZ-amb hmNm-e-X-bp-am-Ip-¶p.
C{µn-b§
- sf hn{`an¸n¡p¶ Ccp-«nsâ Cu KÀ`-¯n hkn-¡p-t¼mÄ Fs¶-Xs¶
Nmcn \n¡p¶ aZm-e-k-bmb iyma-kp-µ-cn-bn Ah-fpsS I®p-IÄ Rm³ ImWp-¶p-­v.
AhfpsS ssII-fnse Ifn-¯m-a-c-]q-hn Fsâ taml-§-fpsS A£-bm-\µw ebn-¨n-«p­v.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
101
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ZpxJ-am-sWt¶m `t{Z
sh®n-em-shm-fn-ambpw
\oc-h\n iI-fnÂ
IpfnÀ ImäW
sª¶n-ep-WÀ¯pw
P³am-´c kulrZ kvac-W-IÄ?
H¶pw Rm³ Adn-bp-¶n-Ã. Ct¸mÄ Fsâ I®n sXfn-bp-¶Xv A\p-Xm-]-¯m Aen-hqdp¶ {io_p-²sâ aµ-kvan-X-am-Wv.
iq\yX HgnsI FÃm-än-tâbpw A`m-h-amWv iq\y-X. A`m-h-an-Ãm¯ D¬a-bmWv
\nXy-X. Ahsb thÀXn-cn-¡p¶ AXnÀ¯n AXo-h-tem-e-am-bn-cn-¡-Ww. XaÊp Xs¶
shfn-¨a
- mbn Xocp-¶-Xv. A`mhw Xs¶ `mh-ambn Xocp-¶Xv Cu Ihn-X-bn AhXoÀ®-amIp-¶p. Xa-Êns\ kvXpXn-¡p-Ibpw Xmak `mh-§sf hcn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿m-\pÅ t{]c-W,
AXn-\-I¯v shfn-¨-¯nsâ Nnd-Ip-IÄ hnS-cp¶ arZp-aÀ½cw tIÄ¡p-sa-¶Xv Xs¶.
XrjvW-bm- F´v D·-¯-amWv Xsâ Bßm-hn-s\¶v Ihn ]d-bp-¶p. XrjvWbn \n¶mWv ZpxJw DS-se-Sp-¡p-¶-sX¶pw, Npäp-]m-Sp-apÅ ZpxJ-¯nsâ Ccp«v Ihn ImWp¶p. AXv X¶nse Xma-k-`m-h-§sf Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ Xsâ \ne Xncn-¨-dn-bm³ t{]c-W-bm-Ip¶p. XrjvW-bn D·-¯a
- mb Xsâ Bßm-hnsâ \m\m Pohn-X-hn-{`m-´n-IÄ AbmÄ Adnbp-I-bm-bn. AXn-\m-emWv XYm-K-Xsâ aµ-kvanXw AbmÄ¡v In«p-¶-Xv.
Un.-hn-\-bN
- {- µ³ þ ho«n-te-¡p-Å-hgn
ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn- B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ]cp-¡³ hk´w hncn-bn¨ Ihn-I-fn HcmfmWv hn\-b-N-{µ³. DZm-¯-amb Imhy k¦-ev]-§-fpsS DS-a. ]¨ a®n\v \ndw sImSp¡p¶ Poh iànsb D]m-kn-¡p¶ Ihn. Ime-¯n\v s\SpsIbpw IpdpsIbpw hnlz-e-a\-Êp-ambn k©-cn-¡p-t¼mgpw {]IrXn I\nªp \evIp¶p. kwKoX km¶n-²y-¯nÂ
hnIm-c-hn-h-i-\m-Ip¶p Ihn. tIc-f-¯nsâ ]¨-¸nÂ\n¶v kuµ-cyhpw \mtSmSn hmtZym-]I-c-W-§-fn \n¶v Xmfhpw Bßm-hn-te¡v Bhm-ln-s¨-Sp¯ Ihn. hm¡nsâ DuÀÖ
kar-²n-bn Pohn-X¯
- nsâ AÀ°-Xe
- -§Ä ImWn-¨p-X-cp¶ hn\-b-N-{µ³ hyh-Øm-]nX
Imhy-t_m-[-t¯bpw ssieo LS-\-tbbpw \ncm-I-cn-¡p¶ Ihn--bm-Wv. \m«p-¼p-ds¯
NcÂ]mX-bn-eqsS \S-¡p¶ Ihn PohnX kv]µ-\-§Ä sshb-àn-I-amb Iem-t_m-[t¯msS Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. Imev]-\nI hiy-Xbpw hn¹hhodpw \mS³ Iem-`w-Knbpw H¯v
tNÀ¶ hn\-b-N-{µsâ Ihn-X-IÄ ZpxJ-¯n-sâbpw kz]v\-¯n-sâbpw {]Xo-£-bp-sSbpw
kv]µ-\-¯m DWÀhp-ä-Xm-Wv. hmKÀ°-{]-Zo]vXn AtZ-l-¯nsâ Ihn-X-I-fpsS B´cnI _e-am-Wv. F¶m Ihn Xs¶ sNmÃn-bm-Sn-bmse ]e Ihn-X-Ifpw A\p-hm-NI lrZb-§-fn ]SÀ¶p Ib-dp-I-bp-Åq. hwi-Km-Y, hn\-b-N-{µsâ Ihn-X-IÄ, ho«n-te-¡pÅ
hgn, Znim-kq-Nn, ka-b-am-\-kw, Imbn-¡-c-bnse ISÂ, acp-`q-an-bpsS \s«Ãv, ka-kvX-tIcfw ]n.H. F¶nh {][m\ IhnXm kam-lm-c-§Ä \cIw Hcp t{]a-I-hnX Fgp-Xp¶p
F¶ kam-lm-c-¯n\v tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan AhmÀUv e`n¨p (1992).
B[p-\n-I IhnX
102
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ho«n-te-¡pÅ hgn
hoSn-Ãm¯hsâ ho«n-te-¡pÅ bm{Xsb Ipdn-¨mWv Un.-hn-\b
- N
- {- µsâ ho«nte-¡pÅ
hgn F¶ Ihn-X-bpsS DÅ-S¡w.
ho«n-te-s¡¶p t]mIp¶p tNmZn-¡p¶p
Iq«p-ImÀ, Iq«p-In-S-¡p¶ ]pkvXI
¡q«-§Ä, C¯ncn apä¯p
Rm³ \«p-t\mäp ]qhn« ssXapÃ
]Sn-hm-Xn-temfw ]d-¶p-a-d-bp¶
sIm¨-cn-{]m-hv, Ie-­-dnÂ
Nq«p-I-¯n¨p InS-¡p-a-h-[n-IÄ
DÅn-tetXm Kplm inev]w t]mse hoSns\ Ipdn-¨pÅ HmÀ½-IÄ \nd-bp-¶p. Xncn¨p
hmbn-¡m-\m-hmsX \n¶v Npäp¶ {]W-bhpw hnjm-Zhpw hnc-lhpw {]Xo-£bpw A\mY
k¦-ev]hpw apdn-thä Zn\w-t]-dp¶ cm{Xn kÔy-Ifpw.
A½bn-Ãm-¯-hÀt¡Xp hoSv
CÃ-ho-Sv, Fs§-§p-ta-hoSv
Ah-s\-Im¯v Im«p-hg- n-IÄ, IS-¯n-®I
- Ä, sdbnÂth-tÌ-j³, kXym-{Kl¸´Â, A\mY
ip{iqj, A`-bmÀ°n-IÄs¡m-cp-]m«v, I\ym-Ip-am-cn-bn kmK-c-kv\m\w, lna-hm-\n-eqsS
GIm´-bm{X Xoc-§f
- n I­p-ap-«p-¶h
- s
- cm¯p Xo\pw IpSnbpw Xncn-sIm-fp-¯p¶ cmjv{Sob
hnNmcw, A\mY ih-§Ä¡v Imh-en-cn-¸v, Znhm-kz]v\ tamSn-sbm-Sp-§m¯ hym[n,
Hähm¡nsâ hnip-²-amb {]mÀ°\, Dä-h-cn-Ãm-¯-hsâ tij-{Inb F¦nepw Iq«p-ImÀ¡v
tNmZn-¡m-\p-ÅXv Ht¶-bpÅp, ho«n-te-s¡¶v t]mIp-¶p-sh-¶v.
C¶p-hcpw aI-s\¶v ]Sn-¸p-c-bn-te¡v I®p-\«v A½-bn-cn-¡ptam? I®p-\o-scÃmw
sXmSn-bnse Xpf-kn-bmbn hfÀ¶p-sh¶v ]d-bp¶ s]§Ä. sNÃm³ ]d-bptam A¸p-d¯pw
C¸p-d¯pw hs¶-¯n-t\m-¡p¶ s]®p§-fn-sem-cm-fn-se-¦nepw ZrjvSn-bp-S¡n \n¡ptam?
\mSIw hmÀjnIw hmb-\-im-ebv¡v IqSp-XÂ {Kmâ v, s]mXp-hn-{i-a-Øew Hmtcm-¶n-t\mtcm-hn[w F¶v Iq«p-ImÀ h¶v t\cw t\m¡msX Xt¶mSp ]d-bptam? Imhnse IÃnÂ
hnf¡p sXfn-bp-t¼mÄ ]qÀÆn-IÀ h¶v Ipiew tNmZn-¡ptam? H¶p-ap-­m-hnÃ! F¦nepw
Iq«p-ImÀ h¶v tNmZn-¡p-¶Xv ho«n-te¡v F¶v t]mIp¶psh¶vam-{Xw.
hotSXv?
hosS¶p sNmÃn InSm-§sf
bq«n-¡-fn-¸n¨p ]m«p-]-Tn-¸n¨p
A®-s\¶pw X¼n-sb-¶p-a-\n-b¯n
A½-sb¶pw tN¨n-sb¶pw hyY-bvs¡mcp
Iqs«¶p ap¶n-k-aÀ¸nX tNX-Êmbv
Fsâ sbs¶sâsbs¶¶pw Icp-Xn-tbmÀ
A\y-cmbv tImWn-¸-Sn-IÄ Ib-dp-¶p.
FÃm _Ô-§fpw X\n-¡-\y-am-hp-I-bmWv. A½-bn-Ãm-¯-h\v ho«n ImWm-\m-hp-¶Xv
`n¶amw s]mbvap-J-§Ä, ]cn-lm-k-§Ä, am\y-amb KÀhv, At\ym-\y-an-Ãm¯ kvt\l-\mSyw, Iq«n-\p-Ån InS¶p acn¨ Infn IqSp \jvSa
- mbn hm\n-e-eb
- p¶ Infn-sIm-©Â t]mse
Ah-\n \ns¶Ãmw A\y-ambn t]mIp-¶p.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
103
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ho«n-te-s¡¶p t]mIp¶p? hn`-h-§Ä
ho«n-te-s¡-s´ms¡ hm§p¶p? \m«nse
Ip«p-Im-cm-scms¡?
ho«n-te¡v sIm¨p k©n-bn Xm³ Icp-Xn-shbv¡p¶Xv \m«nse hn¯p-IÄ k¦-S-¸m-«pIÄ, HmÀt¯mÀ¯v ZpxJw \nem-hmbn hncn-bp¶ \m«nse t{]a IY-IÄ. Ccp-«¯v Iq«n\v
Nq«p I¯n-¡p¶ {]Xn-Ú-IÄ. Cu sIm¨p-a-¡fpw ]qgnbpw ]q¡fpw ]¨n-e-Ip-¼nfpw
taL-¯nsâ \nizm-k-hpw, Fsâsb¶pÅ Hcp Aenhpw AKm-[-¯n Fsâsb¶n-Ã-¶
\nÀtÆZ Zo]vXn-bpw, Fsâ Ifn¸mw Ipfhpw AXn Rm\n« IÃv ap§n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ kqcyt\m, N{µ-t\m, N{µ-\p-d-§nb cmhnse ]q¡sfm kÔy¡v ]mSp¶ {`m´³ In\m-¡-tfm,
Ip¶nse ]q¡-fn-dp-¡p-hm³ t]mIp¶ Hcp D®n-¡n-Smthm? ]pg-¡-Sh
- n Xt¶ Xs¶ ad¶p
ab-§p¶ {]hm-kntbm FÃm-ap-­v. FÃm HmÀ½-Ifpw sIm­p \nd¨ Cu `mÞ-sI-«p-ambn
\m«n-se-¯p¶ Ihn Xncn-s¨-¯p-t¼mgpw Iq«p-Im-cpsS tNmZy-§Ä XpS-cp-¶p.
ho«n \ns¶m hcp-¶Xv? s]«n-bnÂ
\m«p hn`-h-§Ä Fs´ms¡? Fs¶ms¡
Iq«p-ImÀ¡pÅ k½m-\-§Ä
]t£ t]mb-t]mse Xncn¨p hcp¶ Ihn¡v IqsS Iq«m-\p-ÅXv C{X-am{Xw.
s]«n-bnÂ
Ducnse ]ªw
DZ-b-Kn-cn-bnse Ip¶n-a-Wn-IÄ
hn^-e-am-bvt]mb ka-c-§Ä X³
hoc-Km-Y-IÄ
IqSn-¸n-cnª Zn\-§-fn ]qhn«p
hmSnb ]q¡Ä X³ \me-©n-X-fp-IÄ
Hmtcm \nd-¯n-ep-a-©mdp XqhÂ
KwK-bnÂ\n¶pw Rm³ ap§n-sb-Sp¯
\qsä«p ine-IÄ
]ns¶-b-½q½ D®n-¡p-\ÂInb kÔym-\maw
]ns¶-b-¸q-¸ t\ml-co-bm-bv¯¶
cmam-bWw Infn-¸m«v
]ns¶-b½p½ ]­½ ]­p-®n-¡p-\ÂInb
shÅn-¡p-epkpw hnizm-khpw
{]mÀ°-\m-a{´hpw
C{Xbpw t]dn Iq«p-ImÀ¡-cn-In-te-s¡-¯nb Ihnsb Xp¼bpw Im«p-In-fn-Ifpw IS-¯p-hÅ
- §fpw ho«n-te¡v aS¡n hnfn-¡p-¶p. ]s£ Xs¶-Im-Wp-t¼mÄ ho«n \n¶n-d§n \S-¡p¶Xv tXmähpw Nn§- \n-emhpw Ic-¨n-ep-amWv F¶v Ihn-b-dn-bp-¶p.
A\y-h-Xv¡-c-W-amWv IhnXm hnjbw CjvStadnb HmÀ½-IÄ Xn¡n¯n-c¡n
\ndªp \n¡p¶ hoSv, \mSv, Iq«p-ImÀ. Ipfn¸m³ Ipfw FÃm-ap-­v. ]s£ a\-Ê-dn-bm³
thh-em-Xn-tbmsS ]Sn-¡-te¡p t\m¡n Cs¶sâ aI³ hcpw hcp-sa¶v Im¯n-cn-¡m³
A½ am{X-an-Ã. A½bnÃm-¯-h\v hoSp \jvS-s]-Sp¶p. _Ô-§Ä \jvS-s¸Sp-¶p. FÃm
apJ-§fpw s]mbvap-J§
- f
- m-Ip-¶p. FÃm a[p-ck
- vac
- W
- I
- fpw HmÀ½s¯äp-If
- m-hp-¶p. Ahsâ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
104
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
k©n-bn Ducnse ]ªhpw NnX-dnb HmÀ½-Ifpw am{Xw. Ah\p \S-¡m³ Im«p-h-gnIfpw InS-¡m³ IS-¯n-®bpw sdbnÂth tÌj\pw am{Xw. Ah\o `qan-bnse A`-bmÀ°nbm-Ip-¶p. hosS¶ Krlm-Xp-cX \ne-\n-ev¡p-t¼mÄ Xs¶ AXns\ s]mXn-ªp- \n¡p¶
iq\y-X-bmWv _Ô-§Ä¡n-S-bnse hnÅ-ep-IÄ. FÃm _Ô-§fpw A½-bn XpS-§p¶p. A½-bn Ah-km-\n-¡p-¶p. BÀ¡v ap-¶nepw Xsâ k¦-S-§Ä Ihn \nÀ¯n-shbv¡p-¶n-Ã. CÃm-¯-hsâ ZpxJw-t]-dp-¶n-Ã. Ah\v Cu temIw apgp-h³ hoSm-Ip-¶p. Xoc§-fn I­p-ap-«p-¶-h-tcm-sSm¯v Xo\pw IpSnbpw \S-¯p-¶-Xv. Dä-h-cn-Ãm-¯-hsâ tij{In-b- t]m-se-bm-Wv.
Xt¶ -Xs¶ ad¶v ]pg-¡-S-hn hoWv ab-§p¶ shdp-samcp {]hm-kn-bmWv
Xms\¶v Ihn Xncn-¨-dn-bp-¶p. Xsâ kmao-]y-a-dn-bp-t¼mÄ ho«nÂ\n-¶n-d§n t]mIp¶
tXmähpw Nn§-\n-emhpw Ihn ImWp-¶p-­v. \jvS-s]-«-hsâ Xocm-hy-Y-bmWv "ho«n-te¡pÅ hgn'. A½ _nw_ IÂ]-\-bm-Wv. Xsâ \mSpw \K-chpw Pohn-Xhpw A½-bnÂ
kt½-fn-¡p-¶Xv Krlm-Xp-c-Xbpw Imev]-\n-I-X-bp-am-Wv. hm¡pIÄ¡-Xo-X-amb thZ-\bpw
Hä-s¸-Sepw Cu Ihn-X-bn hn§n \n¡p-¶p­v. \mSpw hoSpw \jvS-s]-«-hsâ \nÊ-lmb-amb {Iµ\w Cu Ihn-X-bn Adn-hm-Ip-¶p.
]qÀhm-]-c-_-Ô-an-Ãm¯ Imhy-_nw_ ]c-¼-c-IÄ \nc¯n Ah-bpsS k¦oÀ®-Xbn-eqsS ka-{K-`m-h-inev]w cNn-¡p¶ X\-Xmb Hcp ssien-bp­v hn\-b-N-{µsâ Ihn-XIÄ¡v. `mj {]tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn FÃm AwKo-IrX k{¼-Zm-b-§fpw hoSv kz´-amb Hcp
{Iaw krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn Ihn-¡pÅ \nÀ_Ôw Bib- \n-th-Z\
- -¯n-\¸
- p-da
- pÅ `mh \nthZ-\s¯ ImX-em-¡p-¶X
- nsâ ^e-am-Wv. Ihn-Xb
- psS km{µ-Xb
- m-bn-«mWv Ihn CXns\ ImWp¶-Xv. B km{µX "ho«n-te-¡pÅ hgn-bnÂ' At§m-f-an-t§m-f-ap-­v.
hnP-b-e£van
arK in£-I³, X¨sâ aIÄ F¶ c­p IhnXm kam-lm-c-§Ä sIm­p-Xs¶
bph Ihn-I-fpsS ap³\n-c-bn-te¡v IpXn-s¨-¯nb hnP-b-e£van GXv _p²n-aXnbmb
kv{Xotbbpw t]mse kv{Xo]£-hm-Zn-bmbn Ccn-s¡- Xs¶ ]pcp-j-hn-tZzjw ]peÀ¯m-Xncn-¡p-¶p. ]pcp-jt- a-[m-hn-Xz-¯n\v FXn-tc-bpÅ kv{XobpsS AZ-ay-amb kzmX-{´y-tam-lhpw
amXr-k¯
- b
- psS Xo£vWX
- b
- p-amWv hnP-be
- £
- a
v n- I-hn-XI-fpsS ap{Z-IÄ. kv{Xo, kv{Xobmbn
Ccn-¡p-¶-Xn-emWv hnP-b-e-£van¡v A`n-am-\w. ]cs¡ i_vZw tIĸn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶
s^an-\n-k-t¯mSv B`n-ap-Jy-anà a[y-hÀK kaq-l¯
- n\v A`n-Im-ay-amb A\p-cR
- vP\ Zm¼Xyw Ah-cpsS ImgvN]
- m-Snsâ NnÓ-am-Wv. cq] `mh- Xm-f§
- f
- psS kzm`m-hnI ebhpw Bßmwi-¯nsâ kzX{´ {]Im-i-\hpw Ihn-X-IÄ¡v Akm-[m-c-W-amb `mh-X-e-§Ä krjvSn¡p-¶p. a\-Ên Fhn-sStbm kq£n-¨p- sh-¨n-cn-¡p¶ kzImcy ZpxJ-§-fpsS tX§-epIÄ Nne Ihn-X-I-fn {]Xn-^e
- n-¡p-¶p-­v. arK in£-I³, X¨sâ aIÄ, ag-X³ atätXm
apJw, A´y-{]-tem-`\w XpS-§n-bh IrXn-IÄ. arK in£-I\v tIcf kmlnXy A¡m-Zan
]pc-kv¡mcw e`n-¨p.
ag-X³ atätXm apJw
ag-bpsS atätXm apJs¯ am{Xw ImWp¶ Ih-bn-{Xn.
sXmSn-bnse Pe Inco-S¯
- n sXfnª NnÃ-tbm, A¼e¡pf-¯nse \ocm-fa
- n-fIpw
t]mse-tbm, hgn-tbm-c-¯p-tÅm-cn-f-\oÀ¨-memtbm, \nem-hn³ \ocmtbm, agsb ImWm³
Ign-bp-¶Xv agbpsS asämcp apJ-am-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
105
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Ipfn-¡m¯ alm-\-K-cs¯ IgpIn XoÀ¯pw Agp¡p Nmep-IÄ¡nSbnse
AÚmXamb PUs¯ Is­-Sp¯v AW¨p tX§p-t¼mgpw Adhpime X¶-cn-IÄ
ssIIÄ tNÀ¯v apJw ad¨psIm­v Hen-¨p-t]m-Ip-t¼mgpw s]cn-bm-än³ Xoc-¯p-d-§p¶
Imfn-b³ han-¨-sXm-s¡bpw IpSn-¨n-d-¡pt¼mgpw Ihn ImWp-¶Xv ag-bpsS atä-tXm- apJw
Xs¶.
Cu ag X]-Ên-em­ Xcp-Wn-bpsS Xfn-cp-S sXm«p XIÀ¶p -t]m-hp¶ \ho-\- _nµp-h-Ã. ]pSh-IÄ, \nhÀ¯n Icw Ipg-ªv Gsd XfÀ¶ Iuamcw tXSn Cc-hn th«¡mÀ FXn-cn«v F¯p-t¼mÄ CSwI¿m hnc Icp-¯n-\m G--än-¡-fªv a®n hoWpSª \oÀ¡-W-am-Wv.
ssIt¡m«pw Ccp-¼p-N-«nbpw Npa-s¶-Sp-¡p-thmÀ¡pw acpXpw ]mebpw XnW-IÄ
]q¯ Xan-gIw hn«v ae IS-¶-hÀ¡pw (Xn-W-k-¦ev]w) ]pgp-h-cn¨ s]m³Nn-e-¼n³ hocyambn ]p\ÀÖ-\n¡pw {Zmhn-UÀ¡pw (I-®In k¦Â]w) th­n CSn-ap-g¡
- t- ¯msS Ahsc
sXm«p-gnªv AI-ep-I-bmWv ag.
ag-bn-te¡v t\m¡n-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ihn¡v Xsâ `qX-Imew HmÀ½ hcp-¶p. CtXt]m-semcp ag-b¯p X-Wp-¸n-emWv \mw lrZbw \oÀ¯n agsb sNdp¯v, CS-hs¯ IqkmsX
Ccp­ ]mX-bn ]I Ign-¨-Xv. AXv a-d¶v AI-¶Xpw HSp-hn aämcpw XpW-bn-sÃ-¶dnªv ASp-¯Xpw \½Ä \½-fmbn Ahti-jn-¨Xpw CtX ag-bpsS asämcp apJ¯v.
aqh-´n¡v
\nehnf-¡n-Ãmþ
Xncp­ ]qap-J-þ
Xf-¯n-ep-®n-IÄ
angn-¨n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ
ag-Ip-S-sb¶p
hnfn¨p Iqhp¶p/Idp¯ s]«n-bmÂ
shfp¯ Ip«n-IÄ
an\p-s¯m-c½ amc-Xn-¶Iw Pzen
¨pcp-Inbpw amªpw
ad-ªp-t]m-Ip-t¼mÄ
]c-kv]cw an­m
Xncn-¡p-thmÀ¡p-taÂ
I\¯p s]¿p¶p
ac-W-ambv ag
hb hc-¼n-eqsS Acp-ab
- mb Nnes¼men-bneqsSbmWv ae\mS³ ag IS-¶p-h¶
- X
- v. IS¶p
t]mb CSw apgp-h³ IXnÀ \nd-¨Xpw \nd-]d s]men ]IÀ¶p-t]m-bXpw ag-bpsS ]g-asb
AS-bm-f-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ HmÀ½IÄ am{Xw. C¶v ]mS-§Ä \nI¶v t]mbXpw Infn-I-sfms¡
]d¶v t]mbXpw Adn-bp¶ ag hr²kZ-\-¯n-en-cp¶v Ccp-¼gnIsf®p¶ A\m-Y-bm-Wv.
{]f-b-¯n adp-I-c-bn tNdpw N-hdpw XÅnbpw Aen-thm-sS-sb-¦nepw IS-]p-g¡n
Ien-Xp-Åm³ aSn-¡m-sXbpw ]peÀsh-fn-¨-¯n ]pfn-bn-e¡
- -c-ap­v ]pX¨v AWn-sªm-cp§p¶ Hcp apJw IqSn-bp­v ag-bv¡v. F¶n-cn-¡nepw ag-hnÃnsâ Ipdn-b-Wnª, tNepä
]Sn-ªm-d³ am\w, Cf-sh-bn Npän-¨-aª A¦-Ww, tN¼ne Xfn-I-bn ap¯mbn Dcpfp¶ I®m-Sn-¡-I¯pw ag-bpsS ambm¯ apJw kt½m-l-\-¯n-sâ-Xm-Wv.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
106
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
ag-bpsS hyXykvX apJ-§Ä sIm­v IhnX XoÀ¯ hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS agbv¡v
Hcp s]®nsâ apJ-am-Wp-Å-Xv. AhÄ Pme-I- Nn-Ãn-eqsS ImWp¶ apJ-aà Ipfn-¡m¯
alm-\-K-c-¯n-eqsS IS¶p hcp-t¼mÄ ImWp¶ ag-bv¡p-Å-Xv. Ad-hp-im-ebv¡v ap¶nÂ
apJw ad¨pw Agp-¡p-Nm-ense Adn-bm¯ PUs¯ AW¨p ]nSn-¨p -tX-§nbpw cm{Xn-bn-Â
Ccp«¯v B{I-an-¡m-s\-¯n-b-hsc FXn-cn«pw IS¶p hcp-t¼mÄ ag ZpÀ_-e-b-Ã. AhÄ
kwL-Im-e¯v ]pc- F-cn¨ I®-In-bm-Ip-¶p. XWp-¸¯v lrZbw \oÀ¯n {]Wbw ]Icp¶ Imap-In-bm-hp-¶p. aqh-´n¡v \ne-hn-f-¡n-Ãm¯ Ccp­ ]qap-Js¯ D®n-I-fpsS au\a-\-Ên acW `bw \ÂIp¶ b£n-Wn-bm-Ip-¶p. ag-sb-¶ A-hÄ sFizcyw hnX¨v IS¶v
h¶Xv ]g-¦Y C¶-hÄ¡v IY-]dbm³ D®n-I-fnà I­n-cn-¡m³ ]q¯ s\Â]m-S-§tfm
Infn-Itfm CÃ. hr² kZ-\-¯nsâ Agn-I-fn apJw tNÀ¯v ]pdw -temIw t\m¡n s\SphoÀ¸n-Smt\ AhÄ¡m-Ip-¶p-Åq. ]peÀsh-fn-¨-¯n ]pfn-bn-e-¡c ap­p-NmÀ¯p¶ kpµcn-bmb A_-e-bmbpw BIm-i-¯nsâ ag-hn hÀ®s¯ kt½m-l\-amb apJw -sIm­v
FXn-cn-Sm\pw AhÀ¡m-hp-¶p-­v.
Pohn-X-¯nse FÃm BÀ{Z- ar-Zpe `mh-§-sfbpw a\pjy ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS Ic-§fm¡n {]Xn-jvTn-¡p-¶-h-bmWv hnP-b-e-£van-bpsS Ihn-X-IÄ.
]\n
k¨n-Zm-\µ
- ³
kzX-{´y -t_m-[-amWv k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ Ihn-X-I-fpsS {][m\ khn-ti-jX. B[p-\nIX lc-ambpw hc-ambpw \ndªp \n¡p¶ ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS Ncn-{X-[m-c-bn kzmX{´y-{]-Jym-]\
- ¯
- nsâ ]e amXr-II
- f
- mbv k¨n-Zm-\µ
- sâ Ihn-XI
- Ä Ah-Xm-cs
- a-Sp-¡p-¶p­v.
Ihn-X-I-fnse Cu kzmX{´y Ima\ kzPo-hn-X-¯nepw k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ \ne-\nÀ¯p-¶p.
A[ym]-\-hr¯n Hcp `mj-bnepw Imhy \nÀ½nXn asämcp `mj-bnepw BßmÀ°-X-tbmsS
XpSÀ¶-t¸m-gpw, cmjv{So-bN
- n-´I
- f
- psS CSw-þh
- ew amÀ¤-§sf kulr-Z]
- qÀÆw IqsS \nÀ¯pt¼m-gpw, Imhym-hn-jvI-c-W-¯n\pw {]Im-i-\-¯n\pw IS-emkpw I¼yq-«dpw Hcp t]mse
{]tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼m-gpw, Imhy-I-em-tem-Is¯ amdn-h-cp¶ km[y-X-Isf kPo-h-ambn
]n´p-Sc
- p-Ibpw ]cn-KW
- n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-t¼mgpw k¨n-Zm-\µ
- sâ DÅnse kÀÆ{X kzmX{´y
t_m[w {i²m-]qÀÆw hfÀ¨ t\Sp-¶p. cq£-k-¶m-l-§Ä hfsc ià-ambn AWn-\n-c¶
hn¹h amÀK-¯n-eqsS Ihn-Xsb B\-bn¨ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]t£, ZmÀi-\nI Nn´-I-fpsS
hn]p-e\ km[yX I­-dnªv DNn-Xhpw _p²n-]-c-hp-amb Xe-§-fn-eqsS k©-cn-¡m³
{ian-¨n-«p-­v. Ihn-X-bnse amä-§sf Imte-¡q«n Adn-bm\pw Adn-bn-¡m\pw ,k¨nZm\-µ³
anSp¡v ImWn-¡p-¶p. s]s®-gp-¯v, {]hmk kmln-Xyw, ssk_À kmlnXyw XpS-§n-bh
k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ A\p-Zn\w kPo-h-ambn CS-s]-Sp¶ hnhn[ kmln-Xy-ta-J-e-I-fm-Wv. Xs¶bp-aà B\p-Im-en-I-§-fnepw Ihn-k-t½-f-\-§-fnepw \nXy-km-¶n-[y-amWv k¨n-Zm-\-µ³.
kaq-l-¯n kw`-hn-¡p¶ cmjv{So-b, kmwkvIm-cnI kw`-h-hn-Im-k-§-tfmSv {Inbmß-I-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-¡m³ kabw Is­-¯m-dp­v k¨n-Zm-\-µ³. {]Xy-b-im-kv{X-§-fpsS
hymJym-Xmhv F¶ \ne-bn-te¡v amdn-b-Xp-sIm-­mhmw k¨n-Zm\-µsâ ]pXnb Ihn-X-IÄ
]eXpw AXym-[p-\n-Ihpw D¯-tcm-¯c B[p-\n-Ihpw ka-Im-en-I-hp-amb `mh-§Ä {]I-Sn¸n-¡p-¶X
- v. C´y³ kmwkvIm-cn-IX \ÂIp¶ {]uUn-bpw, ]mcn-Øn-XnI Zpc-´§
- Ä krjvSn¡¶ t]Snbpw k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ Ihn-X-IÄ kap-Nn-X-ambn {]ta-b-h¡-cn-¡p-¶p-­v. `c-WhÀ¤-¯nsâ {Iqc-X-Ifpw km{am-Py-Xz-¯n-sâbpw apX-em-fn-¯-¯n-sâbpw cl-ky-amb AP­-Ifpw Xpd¶p ImWn-¡p¶ Ihn-X-IÄ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ [mcmfw Fgp-Xn-bn-«p-­v. A£-c-¡W¡v ASn-Øm-\a
- m-¡n-bpÅ hr¯-im-kv{X-¯nsâ \ncm-khpw KZy-Xm-fhpw At±-l¯
- nsâ
B[p-\n-I IhnX
107
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
Imhy-L-S-\sb khn-ti-j-am-¡p-¶p-­v. ]qÀÆ-Ime Ihn-Isf ka-Im-enI Ihn-I-fp-ambn
tNÀ¯p \nÀ¯m-\pÅ {iaw Hcp ZuXy-ambn k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ kzoI-cn-¨n-«p-s­¶v At±-l¯nsâ Nne cN-\-Isf ap³\nÀ¯n A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
{][m\ IrXn-IÄ
A©p-kq-cy³, Fgp-¯Ñ
- s
- \-gp-Xp-t¼mÄ, ]oU-\I
- m-ew, th\Âa-g, Ch-s\-¡q-Sn, hoSpam-äw, ae-bm-fw, A]qÀWw, kw`m-j-W-¯n-s\mcp {iaw,-hn-¡v, km£y-§Ä, ad-¶p-sh¨
hkvXp-¡Ä XpS§n Ccp-]Xv IhnXm kam-lm-c-§Ä, Ipcp-t£-{Xw, kwhm-Z-§Ä kao-]-\§Ä, kwkvIm-c-¯nsâ cmjv{So-bw, hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-§Ä, amÀIvkn-b³ kuµ-cy-im-kv{Xw,
Hcp apJ-hpc XpS§n ]Xn-\©p teJ-\-k-am-lm-c-§Ä, ià³-X-¼p-cm³, KmÔn (\m-S-I§Ä) ]e-temIw ]e-Im-ew, aq¶p-bm{X (bm-{Xm-hn-hc
- W
- §
- Ä) temI Ihn-Xb
- p-sSbpw C´y³
Ihn-X-bp-sSbpw ]Xn-\©v hnhÀ¯\ kam-lm-c-§Ä.
Imhy-kw-{Klw
Zbm-iq-\y-amb lrZ-b-§fpw em`-s¡mXn aq¯ akvXn-jvI-§fpw Ac-§p-hm-gp¶
]pXnb Ime¯v kw`-hn-¡p-¶-sXÃmw \Ã-sX¶pw \Ã-Xn-s\¶pw hnizkn¨v kam-[m-\n¡m³ Hcp B[p-\nI Ihn a\Êpw k½-Xn-¡n-Ã. hniz-am-\-hnI t_m[-¯m kvt\l-k¼qÀ®-amb Ihn-a-\Êv CS-bv¡nsS C¯cw \ncm-ew-_sc HmÀ¯v Akz-Ø-am-Ip-¶-Xnsâ
hnhn[ Xe-§Ä k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ ]e Ihn-I-fn-embn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨n-«p-­v. \h-ap-X-em-fn¯
Ime¯v X§-fpsSXÃm¯ Imc-W¯
- m AXn-{I-a§
- fpw {Iqc-XI
- fpw Gäp-hm-t§­n hcp¶
A\p-`-hn-¡p¶ Ahi P\-X-tbm-SpÅ ]cn-K-W-\bpw Iqdv {]Jym-]n-¡-ep-ambn amdp¶
Ihn-XI
- Ä cmjv{So-ba
- m-bn-t¸m-hpI km[m-cW
- a
- m-W.v Bdp JÞ-§f
- mbv kwhn-[m-\w sNbvXncn-¡p¶ "]\n' F¶ Ihn-X-bn-ep-S-\ofw Cu Akz-Ø-X-bpsS Fcn-¨n A\p-hm-N-I\v
Is­-¯mw. ]\n F¶ ]Zs¯ NqtSm-sS-¯-s¶-bmWv Ihn Cu Ihn-X-bn k¶n-th-in-¸n¨n-«p-Å-Xv.
I
]\n-bpÅ Hcp kmbm-Ó-¯n sIm¨p-a-I-fpsS s]mÅp¶ ]\n-¡n-S-¡bn-en-cp¶
Ihn Dd-s¡-bp-ds¡ kwkm-cn-¡p-¶-XmWv Ihn-XbpsS BZy-J-Þw. kwkm-cn-¡p¶ hnjb-§Ä Ch-sbm-s¡-bm-Wv. ]Xn-\m-bncw hÀj-§-fpsS DjvW-ssZÀLyw,-h³I-c-I-fn ]Scp¶ `qan-Ip-ep-¡p¶ ]m«p-IÄ, kqcy-\n Dcp-¡n-hmÀs¯-Sp¯ ^e-kvXn-\nsâ aZ-an-fInb
t]mÀhn-am-\-§Ä, Nnen-bpsS XpSp¯ BIm-i-¯n\pw Dud-bv¡n« Imäp-IÄ¡pw IpdptI
s]s«¶v hoinb Igp-Isâ \ngÂ, anÊn-Ên-¸n-bpsS Icn-¼p-en-I-fpsS hc-b³ Ihn-X-IÄ....
C¯cw Imcy-§Ä Dds¡ kwkm-cn¨p Xsâ Ipªns\ DWÀ¯-cp-sX¶ A`yÀ°p-\-bpambn AXns\ s]ä-h-fpsS \oä-epÅ au\w apdn \nd-ªp-\n¡p-¶p. F¦nepw Xsâ
sIm¨p-a-I-fpsS s]mÅp¶ ]\n-¡n-S-¡-bn Ihn Ccn¸p XpSÀ¶p.
II
FÃm-bn-S¯pw ]\nbmbn-cp-¶p. acp¶p hnev¡p-¶h
- c
- psS \of-apÅ \mhp-IÄ t]mepw
]\n _m[n¨v \ne-¨n-cp-¶p. (Hu-j[w \ÂtI-­-hÀ t]mepw ]\n¨p \nÈ-_vZ-cm-bn-cn-¡p¶
Ah-Ø. acp¶p I¨-h-S-¡mÀ¡p ]\n-bm-sW¶ {]kvXm-h-\-bn "FÃm-bn-S¯pw' F¶Xnsâ IqSp-X hni-Zo-I-cWw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-¶n-Ã. A¸w Np«-tIm Fen Xn¶p-¶sh¶p ]dª ØnXn¡v C\n A¸-¯nsâ IY hnkvX-cn-t¡-­-Xn-ÃtÃm).
B[p-\n-I IhnX
108
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
III
]\n-¡n-S-bn apJm-apJw t\m¡n-bn-cp-¶-t¸mÄ X§-fpsS ]gb \mfp-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v
AbmÄ ]ns¶bpw HmÀ½n-¡p-¶p. (hoSpw ho«p-t\mhpw k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ Ihn-X-bnse ]Xnhv
_nw_-§-fm-Wv). hoSv, Ip«n-IÄ, BZy-Ime kz]v\-§-fpsS Ahy-à-amb aÀ½-c-§Ä......
CS-bv¡p-I-bdn AbmÄ BÚm-]n-¨p. \nÀ¯v B {]W-b-IY Zpcn-X-§-fp-sSbpw ]S-t¡m¸p-I-fp-sSbpw Ime-am-Wn-Xv. (]p-Xnb Imes¯ A\p-`-h-§-fpsS Xo¨q-f-bn InS¶v ]\n¡p-t¼mÄ KX-Im-e-¯nsâ IpfnÀ½ IqSp-X NqSp-]n-Sn-¸n-¡p-sa¶v Ihn `b-¡p-¶p). tI«]msS Iq«p-Imcn apjn-ªp.
"\osbmcp X¶n-jvS-¡m-c-\mWv
{Iqc-X-bn sIm¼p-ap-f¨
I®p s\cn-t¸m-Sm¡n
Id-]nd Fgp-Xp¶ Hcp Xmt´m¶n'
(Xsâ hyY-sb, kzmX-{´y-t_m-[s¯ X¶n-jvShpw Xmt´m-¶n-¯-hp-ambn sXän-²-cn-¡pt¼mgpw A]-IoÀ¯n-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mgpw Ihn AXp Xncp-¯m³ {ian-¡p-¶n-Ã. ImcWw Xsâ
Iq«p-Im-cmWv bYmÀ° hn[n IÀ¯m-¡Ä. CXp-t]mse Xsâ Ip«n-IÄ `mhn-bn Xs¶
shdp-¡pw.
"t\m¡v Adn-sª¶p \Sn-¨-hÀ
\Sn-¡m³ am{Xw Adn-bp-¶-h-cm-bn-cp¶p'
Xs¶ a\-Ên-em-¡m³ {ian-¨-hÀ Bcm-sW¶ t_m[hpw hne-bn-cp-¯epw Ihn-¡p-­v.
IV
a\p-jy³, ac-§Ä, \Zn-IÄ, FÃm-än\pw ]\n-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
"F´p-sIm­v \½psS Ihn-Xbpw
s]m«n-s¯-dn-¡p¶ IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse
Idp-¯n-cn-¡p-¶nÃ'
F´p-sIm-­mWv IhnX h\-¯nsâ Bg-§-fn sacp-§m¯ \bm-{K-sb-t¸mse
knwl-Km-\-§Ä Be-]n-¡m-¯-Xv. ag-¡m-es¯ Ba-tkm¬ \Zn-sb-t¸mse Dd-¡-an-ÃmsX
Nph¶p hoÀ¯ apJ-hp-ambn Ip¯n Hen-¡m-¯Xv? a[pcw Ipdª Im¸n IpSn-¡p-¶-Xn-\nS-bn tNmZn¨ Ah-t\mSv Ihn¡v H¶pw ]d-tb-­n-h-¶n-Ã. (Im-cWw a\p-jyÀ, ac-§Ä,
\Zn-IÄ Chbv¡v ]\n-bm-Wt- Ãm. AXn-\m IrjvW-a-Wn-bpsS Idp-¸pw, h\-¯nse knwlKm-\hpw Batkm-Wnsâ Ip¯n-sbm-en-¡epw ]\n-_m-[n¨v Xf-cp-Itbm \nkw-K-cm-Ip-Itbm
sNbvXn-cn-¡pw. XpSÀ¶v Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xp IqSn {i²n-¡p-I). Nph-cn Xq§nb NnXÂ
Xn¶ `q]-S-¯n-te¡v I®-b¡
- pI am{X-amWv Ihn sNbvXX
- v. Ncn{Xw Hgp-¡n-s¡m-­p-t]mb
B sNdnb Xpcp¯nsâ BÄ¡q«w \ndª iq\y-X-bn-te¡v ({]-tbm-K-¯nsâ HuNnXyw
t\m¡q "P\-\n-_n-U-amb \nÀP-\X' Bsf-¼m-Sp-ap­v þ Bh-iy-¯n-\m-cp-an-Ã. {]Xn-I-c-Wtam, {Inbm-ßI
- t- i-jntbm CÃm¯ Hcp ]äw am{Xw!) Ce-If
- n-en-t¸mgpw aªp hogp-¶pt­m
F¶p tNmZn-¡p¶ AtX emL-h-t¯msS "Xm\n-t¸mgpw Cu \mSns\ kvt\ln-¡p-¶pt­m'
F¶p Ihn Xncn¨p tNmZn-¨p. F¶m Cu C´ysb AÃ, Cu FÃn³ Xmgvhcsb, NnXbpsS Bg-¯n AØn-I-fpsS \K-c-§Ä¡pw HmÀ½ sXän-söv Ah³.
B[p-\n-I IhnX
109
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
V
kvt\lw C¡m-Wp-¶-sXm-¶p-as
- öv Ihn. Im«p-]-¶nsb th«-bm-Sm³ ImS³ IqÀ¸n¡p¶ Ip´-¯nsâ ap\-bn-se-hn-sStbm BW-Xv. ^yqPn-bm-a-bpsS ]\n-¡p¶ BßmhnsehnsS-tbm, AsÃ-¦n B¸-d-¼nÂ, Fh-d-ÌnÂ, KmKp¯-bnÂ
"Cu Xqh¡¬ap-\-IÄ
Infn´p hnc-ep-IÄ, sIm¨p-ap-e-sR-«p-IÄ
lmbm, GXmWv Gähpw km{µ-amb h\w
Gähpw DbÀ¶ ]ÀÆXw, Gähpw I«n-Iq-Snb kap{Zw'
kvt\lw th«-bmbn ]cn-W-an-¡p-¶p. th«-Im-csâ tXä-bmbn {]mb-t`-Z-an-ÃmsX
kvt\lw Cc-b-t¯-Sp-¶Xp ImWp-t¼mÄ Ihn s]s«¶v kwkmc hnjbw amäp-¶p. ]\n¡p¶ kmbm-Ó¯
- n sIm¨p-aI
- f
- psS s]mÅp¶ ]\n-¡n-S-¡-bn-en-cp-¶pÅ NÀ¨-bn-em­p
Ihn.
VI
sIm«mcw hn«v Cd-§n-¯n-cn-¡p¶ cmP-Ip-am-cs\ ({io-_p-²³) tcmKhpw Zmcn-{Zyhpw
ac-Whpw BÂNp-h-«n-te¡v £Wn-¡p-¶p-sh-¦n (Ch aq¶p-amWv Imc-W-sa-¦nÂ) Xncn¨p-hn-fn-¡c
- p-Xv. ka-Im-enI Zpc-´§
- Ä¡v {]Xn-hn[n Ah³ Is­-¯p-sa¶v {]Xo-£n¡mw.
]Icw Bensâ s]m¯n-semcp hnjw ]pc-«nb A¼v sIm­p-sh-¡p-I. AXp-sIm-­-h³
ZpxJs¯ FbvXp hogv¯s
- «. CsÃ-¦n Ah³ Ah-s\-¯s¶ FbvXp hogv¯n temIs¯
apÞ-\-¯n \n¶p tamNn-¸n-¡-s«.
{]iv\§
- Ä¡p ]cn-lmcw ImWm-\m-hm¯ P·-¯nsâ \ncÀ°-IX shfn-s¸-Sp-¯p¶
hcn-I-fmWv Ihn-X-bpsS Ah-km\ JÞ-¯nÂ
]\n Hcp tcmKhpw tcmK-e-£-W-hp-am-bmWv Ihn-X-bn {]Xy-£s¸Sp¶Xv. Imew,
{]Ir-Xn, Poh-Pmew XpS§n ]eXpw ]\n-_m-[-bn s]«n-cn-¡p-¶p. ]\n-bn \n¶pÅ
tamN\w F§s\ km[y-am-Ipw. hnj-bw, kvt\l-amWv CXn-\pÅ Huj-[-§-fn {][m-\s¸-«-Xv. ]t£, AXp-t]mepw Fhn-sS-bm-Wn-cn-¡p-¶-sX¶v Xn«-an-Ã. A¯cw L«-¯nÂ
D¯cw tXSn-be
- b
- m\pw Ign-ªn-sÃ-¦n kzbw h[n-¡m\pw ]pXnb Imes¯ {]Xn-\n[nIÄ
a\-Êp-Im-Wn-t¡-­-Xp­v F¶v Cu IhnX {]Jym-]n-¡p-¶p.
amXr-Im-tNm-Zy-§Ä
I
Hä-hm-¡n-tem Hä-hm-Iy-¯ntem D¯cw Fgp-XpI
1.
CS¸Ånsb amcmÀ hnti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv F´v?
2.
hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ BZy-I-hnX?
3.
s]m¶m-\n-bnse IÀj-I³ F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ Ihn?
4.
Pn. i¦-c-Ip-dp-¸nsâ Ah-km\ IhnX?
5.
hnem-]-Im-hy-§Ä s]mXpth GXp hr¯-¯n-emWv cNn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv?
6.
I®p-\oÀ XpÅnsb `mj-bnse XmPv F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¨-Xmcv?
7.
Ch-s\-¡qSn F¶ k¨n-Zm-\-µ³ Ihn-X-bn HmÀ½n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xmcv?
8.
\fn-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI cNn-¨-Xmcv?
9.
Bim³ hn¹-h-¯nsâ ip¢-\-£{Xw F¶p ]d-ª-Xmcv?
10.
]mSp¶ ]nimNv F¶v kzbw hnti-jn-¸n¨ Ihn-bmcv?
B[p-\n-I IhnX
(20 x 1/2 = 10)
110
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
11.
klysâ aI\v Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-XnbXmcv?
12.
I¡m-Snsâ Ihn-X-bn \K-c-¯nsâ Imh¡m-c-\mcv?
13.
]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mbsc hm¡p-I-fpsS alm-_en F¶p hnti-jn-¸n-¨Xmcv?
14.
"Fsâ amsämen Ihn-X-IÄ' BcpsS IrXn?
15.
Hf-¸-a-®-bpsS ZoÀL IhnX?
16.
KmÔn `mcXw F¶ IhnX Bcp-tS-XmWv?
17.
_mem-a-Wn-b-½-bpsS BZy-I-hn-Xm-k-am-lmcw?
18.
lnwk-bpsS Ncn{Xw hyà-am-¡p¶ _mem-a-Wn-b-½-bpsS IhnX?
19.
kpK-X-Ip-am-cn-bpsS BZy-I-hnXm kam-lmcw?
20.
Imev]-\nI {]W-b-¯n\v F³. hn. \ÂIp¶ Xncn-¨Sn IhnX?
II
aq¶p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX A©p-tNm-Zy-¯n\v D¯-c-sa-gp-XpI(5 x 6=30)
1.
""XpÑamw ]I-t]m-¡m³
tbmKn-I-fo«w Ip«nþ
sh¨-a-\-iàn
]mgm-¡n-btÃm Iptª'' kµÀ`hpw kml-N-cyhpw hni-Z-am-¡pI
2.
Fgp-Xm³ t]mb InSm-hns\ ImWmªv \t§en¡p­mb A\p-`hw F´v?
3.
""sN¯hpw Nqcp-a-S§n ]Sp-Xncn
I¯n-¡-cnªp Ifn-hn-f-¡n³apJw'' kµÀ`hpw kmc-kyhpw hni-Z-am-¡pI.
4.
""hnhn[ coXn-bn-sem-scmä \nan-j¯
- n hnj-aa
- m-sW-\n-¡m-Sp-hm³ ]mSp-hm³'' BcpsS
tX§-em-WnXv. Ihn C§s\ Icp-Xm³ Imc-W-sa´v?
5.
sIm¨p \nan-j-¯nsâ Nnd-ISn tI«n-sÃ-¦n AÞ-IS- m-l¯
- n\v F´p kw`hn¡pw?
III
A©p-]p-d-¯n Ihn-bmsX D¯-c-sa-gp-XpI
1.
]\n F¶ IhnX NÀ¨ sN¿p¶ {]ta-b-¯nsâ km[p-Xbpw AXn-t\m-SpÅ \n§fpsS {]Xn-I-c-Whpw Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡pI?
2.
"\fn\n' bpsS PohnXw [\y-am-sb-¶-Xn\v Ihn Nq­n-Im-Wn-¡p¶ DZm-l-c-W-§Ä
F´v? amwk-\n-_-Ô-a-Ãm¯ cmK-amWv \fn-\n-bn kw`-hn-¡p-¶Xv kaÀ°n-¡pI.
3.
"c£n¡ Nmcn-{X-sas-¶m-cm-d-£cw' aKvZ-e\ adn-b-¯n hcp¯n XoÀ¯ amä-§Ä
F´v? hni-Z-am-¡p-I.
4.
{]nb-Xa
- b
- psS acWw Ihn-bpsS Pohn-Xs¯ F§-s\-bmWv _m[n-¨Xv hni-Za
- m-¡p-I.
5.
""F¦n-ep-aXp sN¶v amsäm-en-sIm­p ]p{X k¦Sw kln-bm¯ klysâ lrZ-b¯nÂ'' F´mWv klysâ lrZ-b-¯n\v k¦-S-ap-­m-¡n-bXv þ hni-Zo-I-cn-¡pI?
B[p-\n-I IhnX
(5x 12 = 60)
111
kvIqÄ Hm^v Un̳kv FUyp-t¡-j³
D¯-c-kq-NnI
1.
Bß-Lm-Xn-bmb Ihn
2.
IncmXiXIw
3.
CS-tÈcn
4.
A´n-sh¬ap-InÂ
5.
hntbm-Kn\n
6.
kRvPb
- ³
7.
sshtem-¸nÅn
8.
F. BÀ cmP-cmP hÀ½
9.
tPmk^v ap­-tÈcn
10.
N§-¼pg
11.
Ip«n-IrjvW amcmÀ
12.
X£-I³
13.
sI. Pn i¦-c-]nÅ
14.
hb-emÀ cma-hÀ½
15.
\t§-a-¡p-«n
16.
]mem-\m-cm-b-W³ \mbÀ
17.
Iq¸pssI
18.
Hcp agp-hnsâ IY
19.
ap¯pw Nn¸nbpw
20.
sIm¨p-sXm-½³ AYhm Hcp hnZymÀ°n ]pcmWw
II
1.
_mem-a-Wn-b-½-bpsS agp-hnsâ IY
2.
CS-tÈ-cn-bpsS ]qX-¸m«v
3.
]n. Ipªn-cm-a³ \mb-cpsS Ifn-b-¨³
4.
CS-¸Ån cmL-h³]n-Å-þ aWn-\mZw
5.
Pn. i¦-c-Ip-dp-¸nsâ \nanjw
III
1.
k¨n-Zm-\-µsâ þ]\n
2.
Ipam-c-\m-imsâ þ \fn\n
3.
hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ þa-KvZ-e\ adnbw
4.
\me-¸m«v \mcm-bW tat\m³þ I®p-\oÀXpÅn
5.
sshtem-¸nÅn {io[-c-ta-t\msâ þ klysâ aI³
B[p-\n-I IhnX
112