TLEP International Journal of Environmental Technology Research
ISSN 2488-9324(Paper) E-ISSN 2488-9334(Online)
Vol. 1. No. 7. 2016
TECHNOLOGY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES AND
COMMERCIALIZATION OF ITS EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
*ANYANWU GOGO and AMAECHI JUSTICE
Department of Science Laboratory Technology.
Imo state poly umuagwo, Nigeria
*Email: anyanwugogo901@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Renewable energy is that energy that comes from resources which are continually
replenished, such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. About 16% of
global final energy consumption comes from renewable resources with 10% of all
energies from traditional biomass mainly 3-4% from hydroelectricity. New
renewable like modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal fuels accounted for
another 3 percent and are growing very rapidly. Renewable energy resources and
its significant opportunities for energy efficiency exist over wide geographical
areas in contrast to other energy sources, which concentrated in a limited number
of countries, therefore rapid deployment of renewable energy and energy efficiency,
its technological diversification energy sources would result in significant energy
security and economic benefits. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in
four distinct areas: electricity generation/ power generation, hot water, space
heating, motor fuels and rural energy sources. The renewable energy resource
technologies to be examined in this paper are cellulosic ethanol, marine energy,
experimental solar power, artificial photosynthesis etc. All these give rise to the
use of these renewable energy resources for commercialization. National
renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the
coming decade and beyond. In international public opinion, surveys show strong
support for providing renewable sources such as solar power, wind power,
recurring utilities to use more renewable energy and providing tons incentives to
encourage the development and use of such technologies. There is substantial
optimism that renewable energy resource investments will pay off economically in
the long term.
INTRODUCTION
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TLEP International Journal of Environmental Technology Research
ISSN 2488-9324(Paper) E-ISSN 2488-9334(Online)
Vol. 1. No. 7. 2016
Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides, plant growth
and geothermal heat as the international energy agency explains. Renewable energy is derived
from natural processes that replenish constantly. Renewable energy resources and significant
opportunity for energy efficiency exists over wide geographical areas in contrast to the other
energy sources which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. This source of energy
replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas.
a) POWER GENERATION: Renewable power generators are spread across many countries,
and wind power alone already provides a significant share of electricity in some areas. It
gives 19% electricity generation worldwide.
b) HEATING: Solar hot water makes an important contribution to renewable heat which has
70% of global total energy growth.
c) TRANSPORT FUELS: Renewable Bio-fuels have contributed to a significant decline in
oil consumption since 2006. The 93 billion liters of biofuels produced worldwide in 2009
displaced the equivalent of an estimated 68 billion liters of gasoline, equal to about 5% of
world gasoline production.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
Here the growth of renewable energy from the end of 2004, worldwide capacity grew at rates of
10 to 60% annually for many technologies. Its growth accelerated in 2009 relative to the
previous four years. In 2010, renewable power constituted abent a third of the newly built power
generation capacities. However grid connected PVs increased the fastest of all renewable
technologies with 60 percent annual average growth rate. Selected renewable energy indicators
are as follows;
I
GWe
2008
2009
2010
Renewable power capacity
1140
1230
1320
1360
Hydropower capacity GWe
885
915
945
970
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TLEP International Journal of Environmental Technology Research
ISSN 2488-9324(Paper) E-ISSN 2488-9334(Online)
Vol. 1. No. 7. 2016
Wind power capacity GWe
121
159
198
238
Solar PV power capacity
16
23
40
70
Solar hot water capacity
130
160
185
232
Ethanol production 109 lit
67
76
86
86
Biodiesel production 109 lit
12
17.8
18.5
21.4
Towgits per renewable
79
89
98
118
Here projections vary, but scientists have advanced a plan to power 100% of the world’s energy
with wind, hydroelectric and solar power by the year 2030. This shows that there will be long
growth in commercialization of these energies having seen the projections recorded at the above
table by International Energy Agency. There has been an increased demand and also increased
manufacture of these renewable energies, which shows that economic values of the leading
nucleus that participates will be enhanced. It shows that commercialization of solar power
generation may produce most of the worlds electricity within 50yrs.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES: Other renewable energy technologies are still under
developed and they are:
1 cellulosic ethanol
2 hot dry rock geothermal power
3 ocean energy
1 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL: In recent times companies are building refineries that can
process biomass and turn it into ethanol while companies also are producing enzymes
which could enable a cellulosic ethanol future, the shift from food crop feedstock to
waste residues and native grasses offer significant opportunities for a range of players
from farmers to biotechnology firms and from project developed to investors.
2 MARINE ENERGY: This refers to the energy caused by ocean views tides and ocean
temperature differences causes this movement of water in the world’s oceans creates a
vast store of kinetic energy or energy in motion this energy can be harnessed to generate
electricity to power house, transportation and industries, the ocean have a tremendous
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TLEP International Journal of Environmental Technology Research
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amount of energy and are close to many if not most concentrated populations, ocean
energy has the potential of providing a substantial amount of new renewable energy
around the world.
3 ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM
These are new types of geothermal power technologies that do not require natural convection
hydrothermal resources.(The vast majority of geothermal energy within drilling reach is in
dry porous rock egstechnologies enhance and or create geothermal resources in this hot dry
rock through hydraulic stimulation.)
EGS/HDR technologies like hydrothermal geothermal are expected to be base head, where
resources which produce power 24 hrs a day like a fossil plant it may be feasible anywhere in
the world depending on the economic limits of drill depth good location are over deep
graphite covered by a thick layer of HDR and EGS systems currently being developed and
tested in France, Japan, Germany, USA, etc. The largest enhanced geothermal systems
project in the world is a 25 megawatt demonstration plant currently being developed in the
copper basin Austria. The copper basin has the potential to generate 5,000-10,000 MW of
electricity.
CONCLUSION
Renewable electricity production and its commercialization are gotten from sources such as
wind, power, solar power. However International Energy Agency has stated that deployment
of renewable technologies usually increases the diversity of electricity sources and through
local generation contribute to the flexibility of the system and its resistance to central shocks.
Commercialization of renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper through
technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A
portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost competitive in an increasingly
broad range of circumstances, which provides investment opportunities without the need for
specific economic support. It shows that commercialization of these energy will reduce the
cost in critical technologies, with hydroelectricity and geothermal electricity produce a
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favorable sites are now the cheapest way to generate electricity. These levelised costs of
electricity (LCOE) are declining for wind power and, solar photovoltaic.
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