Grid Access of Green Energy
HVDC and FACTS make the Grid Smart
EPRI Conference, August 2011 in Palo Alto
Volker Hild, Dietmar Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2010
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Environmental concerns impacting on
the Power Sector
Global Environmental Impacts
Green House Gas Emission Reduction
ƒ Regional GHG saving potential: China and US as
top emitters which in turn offer highest savings
ƒ Urgency of action acknowledged: many countrywide binding GHG reduction targets issued
ƒ In spite of no global binding agreement, most
governments committed to CO2 reduction as part
of their energy policies
ƒ Power sector along with transportation
and industry contribute to major global
air pollution problems
ƒ Water depletion caused by power
generation raised concerns as water
scarcity becomes a major problem
ƒ Emerging technologies for unconventional
fuel extraction also brings environmental
concerns
ƒ Toxic pollutants from power generation
threaten people’s welfare and the
environment
Page 2
Aug - 2011
CO2 Reduction in Power Sector
ƒ Power sector as the biggest CO2 emission
contributor: offers strong saving potential
ƒ Power generation scenario analysis: shows various
paths of CO2 emission and temperature increase
ƒ Life Cycle Analysis of carbon footprint: indicates
strong potential of CO2 saving from Renewables
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Wind Power Installed in Europe
Current Status in 2010
+10 GW in 2010
Source: European Wind Energy Association, Wind in power 2010 European statistics, February 2011
Page 3
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Wind Power Installed in Europe
Development Scenarios by EWEA
GW
EWEA: European Wind Energy Association – Pure Power® Wind Energy Scenarios up to 2030 (Report 03-2008)
Page 4
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Offshore Wind Parks
North Sea & Baltic Sea
Source: EWEA
Page 5
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Grid Access
Relevant tasks and challenges
ƒ Definition of most economic Wind Farm Network and Grid Connection (AC versus DC).
ƒ Define Layout and specify Components of the entire Grid Connection.
ƒ Perform Load-Flow Studies and Short-Circuit Calculations of the whole System.
ƒ Define the System Grounding Concept and perform Insulation Coordination for the
entire Grid Connection.
ƒ Verification the static and dynamic Performance and Design of Reactive Power
Compensation and / or DC System.
ƒ Evaluation of System Resonance behavior driven by the Cables, Transformers,
Reactors and Wind Generators.
ƒ Ensure Conformity with the Grid Code.
ƒ Design of Protection, Control (SCADA) and Communication System.
ƒ System Efficiency: Evaluation of overall losses for various Scenarios.
ƒ Evaluation of electro-magnetic Interferences for the Grid Connection.
ƒ Optimization of System Reliability and Availability.
ƒ Obtain all relevant Permits from authorities
Page 6
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Compliance with Grid Code
Fault Right-Through
1
No trip or
disconnection
allowed
2
4
3
Disconnection
allowed
2
Short tripping under specific conditions allowed.
Resynchronization required – within 2 s
Source: E.ON – Grid Code for High and Extra High Voltage, 04-2006
Page 7
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Grid Access
Compliance with Grid Code
Source: EWIS Interim Report June-2008
Page 8
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Grid Access
AC vs. DC connection
DC Solution for
Grid Access
33 kV AC
HVDC PLUS
132 kV AC
132 kV AC
33 kV AC
≤ 320 kV DC
HVDC PLUS
SVC PLUS
33 kV AC
132 kV AC
Page 9
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
AC Solution for
Grid Access
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of AC Connection
Greater Gabbard
140 Wind Turbines
2x offshore substations
~25km cable distance
3x SVC PLUS at point
of connection
Page 10
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of AC Connection
Greater Gabbard – Main Platform
2 Decks, Topside approx. 2000 t:
ƒ 16 incoming 33 kV Cables from Wind Turbine Array
ƒ 3 x 33/132 kV Transformers, 3 Winding 90/90/180 MVA
ƒ 132 kV Cable Connections to Transformers
ƒ Auxiliary/Earthing Transformers
ƒ 3 GIS 33 kV Switchboards
ƒ 4 GIS 132 kV CBs
ƒ Generator, Refuge,
Fire Suppression, Metering, etc.
ƒ Helipad
Page 11
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of AC Connection
Greater Gabbard – Impressions
Page 12
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of AC Connection
Greater Gabbard – Impressions
Page 13
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of AC Connection
Greater Gabbard – Impressions
Page 14
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Example of DC Connection
Projects under Execution
+/- 320 kV
864 MW
Siemens WIPOS
Wind Power Offshore Platform
SylWin1
=
~
+/- 300 kV
800 MW
Denmark
2014
+/- 320 kV
690 MW
=
BorWin2
HelWin2
2015
=
=
~
=
HelWin1
~
+/- 250 kV
576 MW
=
2013
=
~
=
2013
=
=
=
Netherlands
Page 15
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
~
=
~
== ~ =
~
=
Hamburg
Germany
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Offshore Grid Vision 2030
by European Wind Energy Association
Currently existing *
Currently planned *
Under Study *
* as of 2009/2010
EWEA Recommended Grids by 2020
Source: European Wind Energy
Association (EWEA) 2009/2010
Page 16
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
EWEA Recommended Grids by 2030
Under Study (EWEA recommended)
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions
Contact
Mr. Volker Hild
volker.hild@siemens.com
Mr. Dietmar Retzmann
dietmar.retzmann@siemens.com
Page 17
Aug - 2011
V. Hild, D. Retzmann
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Power Transmission Solutions
© Siemens AG 2011
Energy Sector / Power Transmission Solutions