The Role of Power Electronics
for the Future of Transport and
Energy
Dr.-Ing. Jochen Langheim
STMicroelectronics
Vice President FAE & Automotive Systems R&D
Content
• Power Electronics in
• Automotive
• Train
• Air
• Role and potential of new power electronics technologies
• Infrastructure
• Mobility
Presentation Title
9/27/2012
2
Worldwide sales of passenger cars
100 Million
75 Million
50 Million
1990
2000
2010
2020
Increase of vehicle sales worldwide
3
Oliver Wyman Report 2012
Increase of electronics content
4
Value creation per Car
Significant contribution of power
electronics to value of cars
5
6
Joint Statement of the EE managers
The 48V electrical system is an extension of the established network of 12V
to implement new features to customers such as
Reduction of CO2 emissions through regenerative braking Efficiency with higher efficiency
Optimization of air conditioning and heating
Weight and space optimization of high performance actuators
The OEMs are working intensively on standardization and series development.
All of the participating OEMs plan in the short to medium term introduction in
volume production depending on the vehicle platform roadmaps.
The OEMs ask/invite all ECU and semiconductor manufacturers to be ACTIVE
to participate in the volume production development and to support it
constructively.
Source: Automotive Electronics, Ludwigsburg, June 2011
Economics of Energy Saving in Vehicles
7
200
190
170
161 gCO2/km
160
150
• Example :
140
200 W
• Î ~3 g/km (total)
130 gCO2/km
130
120 gCO2/km
120
• Penalties 2012 to 2018
110
100
1st g : 5 € for each car
95 gCO2/km
90
20
20
20
18
20
16
20
14
20
12
20
10
20
08
20
06
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
2nd g : 15 €
19
96
19
94
gCO2/km
180
3rd g: 25 €
7
…
3 g CO2 above limit : 45 €
Increase efficiency of a 2 kW generator
from 80 to 90 %
through better use of power electronics
can make economic sense
What can 48 V bring ?
Example:
1 module 48V 200A Î up to 10 kW Î Electric Scooter
2 modules …Î … Hybrid electric drive 0 to 30 km/h
4 modules …Î … Electric vehicle with 40 kW
Î Benefit for the business
• Standardisation of a voltage Î
stabilised market requirements and Volume effects
• Incitation for innovation in order to get costs down and functionality up
• Î cost reduction and
• Î higher willingness of customers to buy
• Morgan Stanley June 2012 on e-Mobility:
48V can bring scale
Vehicle Electrification
100V is becoming the new trend?
Technology
Improvements
The road to EV is clear
(also due to standardisation in power electronics)
9
P
w
1 MW
Smeiconductor Technology Improvements:
SiC & GaN
RAIL TRACTION
GaN
SMART POWER
GRID
SiC
WIND MILLS
350
kW
HEV / EV
PHOTOVOLTAIC
100
kW
INDUSTRIAL DRIVES
HEV / EV
50
kW
PHOTOVOLTAIC
30
kW
5kW
1kW
POWER SUPPLY
HOME APPLIANCE
NETCOM, SERVER,
NOTEBOOK
Rated Voltage
600V
New power
electronics technologies
will
1000V
1200V
change the market
600 V - GaN HEMT vs. SJ MOSFETs & IGBT
11
Si
MOSFET
(up to 30A)
Si
IGBT
(up to 200 A)
GaN
Normally off
GaN
Normally on
(Cascode)
DRIVING
Requirements
Standard
Standard
Quite Complex
Standard
( Cascode Configuration)
CONDUCTION
LOSSES
150 %
100 %
80 %
70 %
SWITCHING
LOSSES
60%
100 %
20 %
20 %
Intrinsic body diode with Qrr
External freewheeling
diode
REVERSE MODE
Capability
Not good performance
Extremely fast
Qrr=0
Good Performances
MATURITY,
PRODUCTABILITY
100 %
100 %
COST/A
Normalized
1.5
1
30%
Very good
performance
LV MOSFET diode
50 %
3
3
same like Si in the next 5 same like Si in the next 5
years
years
New power electronics with
significant energy saving potential
Size of magnetic components as
function of frequency
Power electronics will help
reducing system components
Presentation Title
9/27/2012
12
Power Electronics in Train Applications
Reduction of transformer weight:
From 10 t to ~1 t through higher
switching frequencies and new
topologies (*2)
Total weight: -5%
Source: Wikipedia / Alstom
kg/Pers
1215
1015
815
615
415
Power electronics contributes to
significant energy savings in trains
215
15
TGV Sud-Est
TGV Atlantique
TGV Duplex
(TGV SiC)
Power Electronics in Plain Applications
737 / 747 flight :
about 20% / 6% ground taxiing
(747 ~1000 to 1500 kg / flight)
Electric taxiing:
potential fuel consumption reduction ~80% (=16%
for full flight)
100 000 flights/d Î 20 to 30 million t/a
(France: ~80 million t/a)
Source:
Jimmy Yeh : Director of Strategic Marketing,
GE Aviation Systems, skyward blog 2012
Power electronics contributes to
significant energy savings in air
transport
Alternative Energies & Smartgrid for more (H) EVs
15
New battery technologies
New power electronics
Alternative energies
Electric & Hybrid vehicles
Mobility goes beyond the car body
15
Charging Infrastructures Example France
16
Source: Pike Research 2012
(in 1000 units)
Home-office
Parking normal
charge
Parking fast charge
Total
Important infrastructure market
2015
2020
2025
900
4 000
9 000
60
340
750
15
60
150
975
400
9 900
Source: French Ministry of Productivity Improvement
Power Electronics
and the Future of Transport and Energy
• Growth in w/w vehicle sales + increase of electronics content in cars
• Î Worldwide market for automotive electronics is growing
• Significant contribution of power electronics to value of cars
• Scale matters more than ever…and can be achieved e.g. through « 48V »
• New power electronics technologies with significant energy saving
potential will change the market
• Power electronics will allow reducing system components, e.g. passives
• Power electronics contributes to significant energy savings in trains and
air transport
• Important infrastructure market
• The road to electric vehicles is clear
• Mobility goes beyond the car body and
power electronics is key
17
18
http://cesa-automotive-electronics.blogspot.com
Jochen.langheim@st.com
Presentation Title
9/27/2012