Networking Solutions
for VoIP
Table of Contents
QoS: The Prime Mover............................................................................................................................................... 3
Benefits of VoIP............................................................................................................................................................ 3
VoIP Network Components and Protocols................................................................................................ 4
CODECs............................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Signaling Protocols................................................................................................................................ 5
The LLDP-MED Protocol.......................................................................................................................... 5
Security............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Network Planning – General Considerations.......................................................................................... 6
Choosing a Switch: Bandwidth & Ports........................................................................................................ 6
Choosing a Switch: Power over Ethernet................................................................................................... 7
Reference Designs....................................................................................................................................................... 8
20 Phones......................................................................................................................................................... 8
200 IP Phones.................................................................................................................................................. 10
1000+ IP Phones............................................................................................................................................ 12
Managed Infrastructure....................................................................................................................................... 16
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VoIP has become a mainstream technology. Today, the question for business telephony at any scale is no longer whether
to switch to VoIP, but when. This paper focuses on the internal networking aspects of making a successful transition to
VoIP, with emphasis on network design and switching technology.
QoS: The Prime Mover
The most important factor that has moved VoIP into the mainstream is improved quality of service (QoS)1. Businesses
that have held back because of VoIP’s early reputation for poor voice quality need no longer be concerned that important
transactions (such as sales) will be impeded by poor QoS, or that their company will make a less than fully professional
impression on callers with VoIP.
Today, excellent quality of service can always be achieved with VoIP, but it’s not guaranteed. QoS ultimately depends on
the switches that control the VoIP traffic, and of course, the network over which that traffic travels. It’s understandable
that the focus of attention in a transition to VoIP is typically on the service provider, the delivery model (onsite vs. hosted)
and the IP phones, but the switches have the most important impact on the user experience. With NETGEAR switches, VoIP
traffic can be automatically prioritized to maintain the desired QoS, even when the network is saturated.
The key factors required to ensure a successful VoIP network with reliable QoS are as follows:
•Voice packet prioritization. The switch(es) that manage the traffic must be able to prioritize voice traffic when
necessary to maintain QoS.
•Adequate bandwidth. The network and the switch(es) that control it must be able to handle the additional load
imposed by a VoIP deployment.
•Resilience. The network switch(es) must have access to an alternate power supply should the main source of
power fail.
•Security. The network must be protected from hacking, including physical hacking.
The first factor – packet prioritization – deserves more explanation. VoIP streams are not forgiving when it comes to
dropped packets, signal delay and other factors that don’t affect data traffic. Therefore, to ensure a consistently high
level of QoS, the switches must be able to prioritize network traffic, giving voice packets top priority. NETGEAR switches
accomplish this automatically.
Benefits of VoIP
This guide will help you understand the basics of VoIP so you can successfully plan and specify a VoIP network. It includes
reference designs for VoIP networks with 20, 200 and 1,000 IP phones. Before covering design issues, however, it’s worth
reviewing just why VoIP has become the solution of choice for organizations of all sizes.
The term “Quality of Service” and its abbreviation, QoS, has long been used in the literal sense of voice quality, i.e. how closely what the user hears matches
the original. Recently, however, the term has begun to be used to describe the voice packet prioritization technology that is used to ensure high QoS even during
periods of network congestion. In this document, QoS refers only to the original meaning of the term.
1
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VoIP’s packet-switched solutions are winning the marketing battle over conventional circuit-switched telephony because
they offer advantages that conventional POTS (“Plain Old Telephone Service”) just can’t match. These include:
•Price. VoIP is substantially less expensive than circuit-switched telephony. In fact, online services like Skype enable
individual users to international calls of unlimited duration for free. VoIP for business purposes isn’t free, but it is
dramatically cheaper than today’s circuit-switched options.
•Quality of service (QoS). In the past, the reduced cost of VoIP came with a penalty: reduced QoS. Today’s VoIP
technology can provide voice quality that equals or even exceeds what conventional circuit-switched systems offer.
•Complexity. Switching to VoIP typically reduces the complexity of dealing with “the phone company” and its arcane
pricing structures, which even highly-paid consultants can’t always understand.
•Features. VoIP can now match conventional telephony feature-for-feature, ranging from basics like voice mail to
emerging capabilities like presence sensing.
•Integration. More and more of today’s business applications, including CRM and call center applications, are grounded
in internet-related technical standards. VoIP technology can be integrated with these applications much more easily
than the analog technology of conventional telephony.
•Ease of administration. Adding, removing or changing internal numbers is a simple process with VoIP’s web-based
interfaces, and with auto discovery features, activating a new phone is virtually automatic.
•Deployment advantages. VoIP can be piggy-backed on an existing network infrastructure, including the physical
cabling. This means lower initial cost (with no new wiring) and lower maintenance cost as well.
•No risk of obsolescence. VoIP is the wave of the future. Companies who adopt VoIP have no risk of ending up with a
“dinosaur” phone system that can’t operate efficiently in an all-digital world.
VoIP Network Components and Protocols
No matter what the size of a VoIP network, it will always include one or more of the following components:
•User agents. These may be commercial IP phones, or “soft phones” residing in a desktop or laptop PC.
•Voice gateway. The gateway acts as the bridge between a VoIP network and the PSTN network of the “outside world.”
•IPBX. The IPBX (sometimes referred to as an IP PBX) replaces the conventional PBX of the past, and performs all its
functions (voice mail, call forwarding, conference calling and many, many more). It connects to the PSTN network via
the voice gateway. The IPBX is available in three deployment options:
– a dedicated, on-site hardware device
– software that runs on a standard on-site server
– a managed service via the cloud
•Switches to manage network traffic. The switches are crucial, because if they lack the appropriate capabilities or
bandwidth capacity, QoS will suffer, leading to user complaints, poor customer service and problems with external
telephone communication in general.
•Cabling. For adequate performance, Cat5E or better cabling is recommended.
Decisions involving these components can directly affect QoS, based on which protocols they support. For example,
some IP phones use protocols that deliver higher voice quality, but also require more bandwidth. Before reviewing
those protocols, it’s worth taking a moment to examine QoS in a little more detail.
QoS is ultimately a subjective measurement, because different individuals will invariably disagree as to how well a system
can reproduce a voice that’s known to them. However, one decades-old attempt objectify QoS does exist. Developed
initially for evaluating circuit-switched equipment, it provides a measure of quality known as Mean Opinion Score (MOS)
based on individuals sitting in quiet rooms and rating voice quality. MOS can range from 1.0 (unintelligible) to 5.0 (ideal).
Normally a score above 4.0 is considered to be acceptable, but what’s most important is that QoS can be quantified, and
components/protocols can be evaluated based on the MOS score they promise as well as their bandwidth requirements.
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There are numerous protocols that govern VoIP systems, but three are of primary concern for VoIP networks:
•protocols for the CODECs that govern analog/digital conversion and the signal compression that takes place in the
VoIP gateway (inbound) and the user IP phones (outbound)
•signaling protocols that govern the voice packets and their transmission
•The LLDP-MED protocol extension, used by network devices such as IP phones for advertising their identity,
capabilities, and neighbors
CODECs
Popular protocols include G.711, G.729, G.723.1 and G.722. There are others as well, some of which are proprietary.
These protocols are important because they differ in their sensitivity to various frequency ranges (e.g. voice only vs. voice
and music), offer different levels of QoS, and impose different bandwidth requirements. It’s not necessary to understand
their details, but it is important to know that they represent options. As would be expected, the higher the QoS, the
greater the bandwidth required. Many IP phones support multiple protocols, but that is not always the case.
Signaling Protocols
The signaling protocols govern the set-up and tear down of calls, as well as many other related call management functions.
There are three major signaling protocols:
•H.323. This is the “oldest” protocol – it is actually a set of protocols – and it is widely distributed. H.323 was designed
for multimedia communication services such as real-time audio, video, and data communications over packet networks,
including IP networks. Based on binary encoding, is it considered somewhat harder to program than its “competitor,” SIP.
•SIP (Session Initiated Protocol). This slightly younger protocol accomplishes most of the functions available under
H.323, but is somewhat lighter (i.e. requires less bandwidth). It is text-based. The industry consensus is that SIP will
eventually come to dominate VoIP communication, with the caveat that multiple protocols are likely to exist into the
foreseeable future.
•SCCP (Skinny Client Control Protocol). This is a proprietary CISCO signaling protocol used by CISCO IP phones and
the CISCO call manager. It is a stimulus-based protocol which achieves its “skinniness” by transferring functions to the
call manager.
The LLDP-MED Protocol
LLDP-MED stands for Link Layer Discovery Protocol with Media Endpoint Discovery. When IP phones are LLDP-MED
enabled, NETGEAR switches can automatically configure them so that they “know” which VLAN to join and what their
QoS assignment is2. This protocol also enables automated power management of PoE-powered IP phones – virtually
all IP phones are powered this way – as well as other convenience features such as device inventory management.
Security
A separate, but extremely important consideration that requires some explanation is network security in an IP network.
Obviously, any network will be protected through access control, e.g. support for role-based access with authentication
and passwords. In addition, IP networks have a physical vulnerability. An attacker could easily disconnect a IP phone and put
a PC in its place, thus obtaining unauthorized access to the network.
To prevent this, NETGEAR switches make use of the unique Media Access Control or MAC address for each physical IP
phone. NETGEAR switches can sense this address, and be programmed to block any unauthorized device. The ultimate in
protection can be achieved through the use of the Radius (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service) protocol associated
with an authentication server, or a Windows Server 2008 Network Policy Server (NPS) that can block access to ports even
if hackers succeed in spoofing and emulating MAC addresses during an attack.
2
The IP phones must tag their traffic using the correct VLAN tag, and mark their traffic using the correct Layer 2 802.1p or Layer 3 QoS values.
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Network Planning – General Considerations
The planning of a VoIP network has several steps, as show below:
Fast Ethernet
vs. Gigabit
Business
Requirements
IP Phone
Configuration
Switching
Requirements
Number of
IP Phones
Business requirements – QoS, number of users, types of user devices and the like – will determine the number of IP
phones and their configuration (e.g. presence or absence of a soft phone connection or use of mobile devices).
The number of IP phones, combined with the need for a Fast Ethernet vs. Gigabit connection, will in turn determine
bandwidth and power requirements for the switches. The following section will focus on the details of choosing the
appropriate switch(es).
Choosing a Switch: Bandwidth & Ports
NETGEAR recommends two lines of managed switches for VoIP networks:
•The NETGEAR Intelligent Edge M4100 series. These are Fast
Ethernet (10/100) and Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) access layer
switches with several Gigabit ports for uplink functions.
•The NETGEAR Next-Gen Edge M5300 series. These
are Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) switches with embedded
10 Gigabit ports (10GbE) for uplink functions and
virtual chassis stacking.
Page 6
Determining which switch within these two families requires answering four questions.
1. Will the IP phones require a Fast Ethernet port (at the switch) or a Gigabit Ethernet port? Most entry-level desktop
IP phones have only one port, which is a Fast Ethernet port. In this case, cost-effective NETGEAR Fast Ethernet
switches may be adequate, based on the total bandwidth requirement. (See question 4.) Note that these Fast
Ethernet switches, in spite of their name, do include a Gigabit port for uplink purposes in a two-tier network.
Sometimes, however, even a deployment with only single port Fast Ethernet IP phones may require 10 Gigabit
uplink capabilities.
Today’s high-end, state-of-the-art phones often have two ports, one that connects to the switch and another that
connects to a co-located PC. If the co-located PCs on the network require Gigabit speed, then of course a Gigabit
switch is required.
2. What is the average bandwidth required per IP phone? As explained above, VoIP bandwidth requirements depend
on a number of factors, primarily the protocol/compression algorithm used by the codecs (the “G-number”) and, to
a lesser extent, the signaling protocol (SIP, H.323 or SCCP). Calculating this figure can be quite complicated, and the
best way to determine it is simply to consult with the IP phone vendor. Best practice in calculating the bandwidth
load on the network is to assume 100 percent usage by every IP phone. This will ensure that the network will be able
to handle peak usage periods.
3 How many IP phones will be on the network? This determines how many ports the switch(es) will need – one port
per IP phone. Note that all of the NETGEAR Fast Ethernet switches are equipped with several Gigabit ports for
uplink purposes.
4. What is the total bandwidth required per switch? This is a simple calculation:
Average bandwidth per IP phone x total number of IP phones = total bandwidth required (Gbps)
The total Gbps that the switch can transfer – the “switching fabric” of that switch – must exceed the answer
to this equation. And if the switch must be connected to an upper layer (such as a Core or Distribution Layer),
then the uplink connection must support the total bandwidth required for that uplink without creating a bottleneck.
Choosing a Switch: Power over Ethernet
Virtually all IP phones are designed to accept Power over Ethernet (PoE). There are two versions available, PoE and PoE+.
For IP phones, the 15.4W per port (12.9W to the IP phone) provided by PoE is adequate.
To determine which switch in the M4100 or M5300 family is required for a particular installation from a PoE perspective,
ask the following questions:
1. How many watts are required per IP phone? This information can easily be obtained from the vendor.
2. How many IP phones will be on the network?
3. What is the total wattage requirement? It can be calculated as follows:
Average watts per IP phone x total number of phones = total PoE budget required
Obviously, the power capacity of the switch – its “PoE budget” – must exceed the total power requirements of the
IP phones on the network.
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Reference Designs
The following reference designs will provide general guidance on how to plan a highly reliable and cost-effective VoIP
network. Each network was designed with four criteria in mind:
•simplicity, to enable easy installation and management
•voice packet prioritization, to ensure that a high level of QoS will always be available
•resilience, to ensure the 24/7 coverage that’s a requirement for a business-critical function like telephone service
•security
Reference Design: 20 Phones
The diagram below shows a typical installation with 20 IP phones. It is a complete solution compatible with all major
signaling protocols, and is ideal for a small business or branch office that wants to enjoy the benefits of VoIP with
maximum simplicity. The IP phones and the IP PBX/voice gateway are all on the same subnet and same VLAN. All
the traffic is managed by a single switch, and that switch automatically applies QoS policies to ensure high QoS at
all times, even when the network is congested.
“Rest of the Network”
IP PBX, SIP
Server
or Call
Manager
Voice
Gateway
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Copper, Gigabit RJ45
Clients
Copper, 10/100 RJ45
Copper, 10/100 RJ45 PoE
IP Phones (20)
The benefits of this design include the following:
Simplicity
•The switch can be configured with a unique, easy-to-use web-based interface as well as the industry-standard
command line interface (CLI).
•The IP phones’ IP configuration (including every kind of VoIP DHCP option setting) is automatic via a DHCP server or
the NETGEAR switch, with no manual intervention required.
•QoS is handled automatically to maintain a constant high level.
•A separate cabling system for telephone service is no longer required, which vastly simplifies the process of adding or
changing phone service for employees.
•The IP phones can keep their default configuration for VLAN and QoS settings.
•The switch will automatically set up a voice VLAN and tag the traffic accordingly, without requiring specific manual
configuration on the IP phones.
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Packet Prioritization
•The switch handles packet prioritization to deliver high QoS automatically. This Automatic Voice over IP prioritization
(Auto-VoIP) feature simplifies the most complex multi-vendor IP telephone deployments, when based on any of the
major signaling protocols (SIP, H323 or SCCP) .
•Auto-VoIP ensures that both data and signaling VoIP streams receive priority service over other ordinary traffic by
classifying that traffic and enabling correct egress queue configuration with automatic 802.1p remarking.
Resilience
•Redundant Power Supply (RPS) protection. The switch can be connected to a back-up power supply to provide
redundancy and ensure 24/7 reliability.
Security
•The switch provides for MAC-based security to prevent physical hacking, e.g. replacing the phone connection with a
connection to a PC.
•Assuming the IP phones support the IEEE 802.1x authentication standard for port-based Network Access Control,
a higher level of security can be implemented using a RADIUS server, or Windows Server 2008 Network Policy
Server (NPS). With this approach, access to ports can be blocked even if hackers succeed in spoofing and emulating
MAC addresses during an attack.
•The switch also supports MAB bypass for IP phones that don’t support RADIUS 802.x authentication.
Bandwidth and Power Calculations: 20 IP Phones
Average bandwidth per per IP phone 64 kbit/s
Total bandwidth for twenty phones
64 x 20 = 1.3 Mbit/s
PoE Class
1 (maximum 4W)
Total PoE budget
4 x 20 = 80W
All of these figures are well within the capabilities of the M4100-50-POE switch recommended below
Key NETGEAR Components
Switch
M4100-50-POE (48 ports Fast Ethernet PoE 802.3af, Layer 2+)
Redundant Power Supply
RPS5412 (Optimal Power one-to-one RPS unit) or RPS4000
(RPS unit up to four switches)
External Power Supply
RPS4000 (supplemental PoE power up to four switches)
Page 9
Reference Design: 200 IP Phones
This 200-phone installation would be typical for a mid-sized business or an enterprise-scale call center. At the access layer,
each switch connects forty phones, and also powers them via PoE. At the distribution layer, virtual stacking technology is
used to stack two M5300-28GF3 managed switches for high performance, highly redundant distributed link aggregation
(one 10 Gigabit link per physical switch) for a 20Gbit/s connection to the rest of the network, where other clients may
be located.
This installation consists of several IP subnets and associated VLANs, but without Layer 3 routing complexities. The
telephony infrastructure components that manage the IP phones (the IP PBX, SIP server or Call Manager, and voice
gateway) are all on a dedicated telephony VLAN and in a specified subnet. All the IP phones are also on a dedicated voice
VLAN and in a specified subnet. Communication between the various VLANs is accomplished by inter-VLAN routing, i.e. by
creating Layer 3 interfaces (IP addresses assigned to VLAN interfaces) and using simple, straight-forward Static Layer 3
Routing on the NETGEAR switches.
The phones receive their IP configuration, their VLAN configuration and their QoS priority settings from the infrastructure
components, with no need for manual intervention. QoS settings are enforced by the switches across the entire
VLAN network.
This design delivers a highly available network that provides uninterrupted connectivity. It incorporates a level of
redundancy such that there are no points of hardware failure. Further, critical components can be swapped without
interruption of service.
IP PBX, SIP Server or
Call Manager
“Rest of the Network”
Voice
Gateway
Other Endpoints
M5300-28GF3
M5300-52G3
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
50T
49F
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
18
17
18
19
21
20
19
20
23
22
21
22
23
24
24
25
27
26
26
25
29
28
27
28
31
30
30
29
33
32
31
32
35
34
33
34
37
36
35
36
37
38
38
39
39
40
41
40
41
42
43
42
45
44
44
43
PoE (Max 15.4W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 100M Yellow=Link at 10M Blink = ACT
50F
Ports 49T, 50T
SPD: Green=1G
Yellow=10/100M
Combo Ports
13
PoE (Max 15.4W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 100M Yellow=Link at 10M Blink = ACT
USB
M4100-50-POE
50T
RPS
1
SPD
47
46
48
SPD
M4100-50-POE
49T
50T
Link/ACT
49F
50F
Ports 49T, 50T
SPD: Green=1G
Yellow=10/100M
RPS
Reset
Max
PoE
USB
1
Fan
Max
PoE
Link/ACT mode:
Of f =No link
Green=Link
Blinking=ACT
50F
Fan
Reset
PoE
Power
Ports 49T, 50T
SPD: Green=1G
Yellow=10/100M
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Yellow=Link at 100M Blink=ACT
Link/ACT mode:
Of f =No link
Green=Link
Blinking=ACT
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Yellow=Link at 100M Blink=ACT
46
45
48
47
50T
49T
PoE
1
SPD
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
20
23
22
1
SPD
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
1
USB
Reset
25
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
48
SPD
49T
1
13
14
15
16
17
PoE (Max 15.4W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 100M Yellow=Link at 10M Blink = ACT
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
14
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
14
15
15
16
16
17
18
17
48
49T
18
19
21
20
19
20
23
22
21
22
23
24
24
25
27
26
25
26
29
28
27
28
31
30
29
30
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47
47
48
48
SPD
49T
49T
M4100-50-POE
50T
Link/ACT
50T
49F
49F
50F
Ports 49T, 50T
SPD: Green=1G
Yellow=10/100M
Link/ACT mode:
Of f =No link
Green=Link
Blinking=ACT
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Yellow=Link at 100M Blink=ACT
M4100-50-POE
50T
Link/ACT
49F
50F
Ports 49T, 50T
SPD: Green=1G
Yellow=10/100M
RPS
Max
PoE
USB
13
PoE (Max 15.4W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 100M Yellow=Link at 10M Blink = ACT
Fan
Reset
13
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Yellow=Link at 100M Blink=ACT
Power
PoE
Power
Fan
Link/ACT mode:
Of f =No link
Green=Link
Blinking=ACT
Combo Ports
SPD
Combo Ports
USB
Combo Ports
1
RPS
Combo Ports
PoE
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
Reset
50T
49F
Link/ACT mode:
Of f =No link
Green=Link
Blinking=ACT
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Yellow=Link at 100M Blink=ACT
Fiber, 1000SX multimode
Copper, Gigabit RJ45
Copper, 10/100 RJ45
IP PHONES (40)
IP PHONES (40)
IP PHONES (40)
IP PHONES (40)
Page 10
IP PHONES (40)
Copper, 10GBASE-T RJ45
The benefits of this design include the following:
Simplicity
•The switches can be configured with a unique, easy-to-use web-based interface as well as the industry-standard
command line interface (CLI).
•The IP phones’ IP configuration (including every kind of VoIP DHCP option setting) is automatic via a DHCP server or
the NETGEAR switch, with no manual intervention required.
•The IP phones are auto-discovered and automatically receive their VLAN configuration and QoS priority settings
from the IP PBX/SIP Server or Call Manager via the IP telephony vendor-specific mechanisms.
•This network design avoids the use of the Spanning Tree Protocol, which is complex and difficult to configure. The
network’s highly resilient distribution layer allows for the best of both worlds with redundant links to the servers
and access layer switches, as well as advanced load balancing and seamless failover capabilities – made as simple
as “trunking.”
Packet Prioritization
•The switches handle packet prioritization to deliver high QoS. In fact, the network (all the switches) in this reference
design is assigned the task of implementing and enforcing the QoS priority settings determined by the telephony
infrastructure (at the IP PBX, SIP Server or Call Manager level), so that the voice traffic is prioritized across the entire
network. In addition to simplifying administration, the avoidance of the Spanning Tree Protocol also enables more
efficient use of bandwidth, since all links are active and load balancing is enabled.
Resilience
•Redundant Power Supplies (RPSs). In this design the switches are all equipped with an RPS in the unlikely event that a
switch power supply should fail. This approach can be implemented on a one-to-one basis with the NETGEAR RPS5412
redundant power supply if all the switches are in different buildings. If the switches are on the same rack, a NETGEAR
RPS4000 can be used to provide redundant power to as many as four switches. The internal power supply of the
switches at the distribution layer is modular and can be “hot swapped” with no interruption to service.
•Redundant Switches. This design features redundant, stacked distribution switches (two M5300-28GF3 switches
and two M5300-52G3 switches) with sub-second network failover protection.
Security
•This design has a dedicated management VLAN for access layer and distribution layer switches, with an additional
control plane ACL to better refine the IP/MAC/protocol through which management access to the network is controlled.
•MAC-based port security (MAC address table locking) provides a minimum level of security by preventing an attacker
from disconnecting a phone and connecting a PC in its place for hacking purposes.
•Assuming the phones support the IEEE 802.1x authentication standard for port-based Network Access Control, a
higher level of security can be implemented using a RADIUS server or Windows Server 2008 Network Policy Server
(NPS) with or without MAC authentication bypass (MAB). With this approach, access to ports can be blocked even if
hackers succeed in spoofing and emulating MAC addresses during an attack.
•NETGEAR switches support MAB bypass for non-RADIUS-aware phones, and will authenticate such phones when they
submit their MAC address to the RADIUS or NPS server.
Page 11
Bandwidth and Power Calculations: Distribution Layer
BANDWIDTH
Average bandwidth per phone
64 kbit/s
Total bandwidth for 40 phones
(per switch)
64 kbit/s x 40 = 2.6 Mbit/s
When there is no bridge on the phone for connected to the users’ PCs, then the overall bandwidth requirement for VoIP
streams is very low.
POWER
PoE Class
1 (maximum 4W)
Total PoE budget per switch
4 x 40 = 160W
Key NETGEAR Components
Distribution Layer Switch
M5300-28GF3 (24 ports Gigabit Ethernet Fiber with 10 Gigabit uplinks, Layer 3 )
Access Layer Switch
M4100-50-POE (48 ports Fast Ethernet PoE 802.3af, Layer 2+ )
Rest of the Network Switch
M5300-52G3 (48 ports Gigabit Ethernet with 10 Gigabit uplinks, Layer 3 )
Redundant Power Supply
RPS5412 (Optimal Power one-to-one RPS unit) or RPS4000 (RPS unit for up to
four switches)
Reference Design: 1000+ IP Phones
This 1,000-plus IP phone reference design assumes that telephone service needs to be provided for 12 separate buildings,
such as might be the case in a small office complex or a medium-sized campus environment.This design further assumes
that each IP phone is equipped with a bridge to the user’s PC. For simplicity and ease of installation, it is configured as a
two-tier network.
Switches and Cabling
Each building is equipped with two stacked 48-port M5300-52G-POE+ Gigabit switches using virtual chassis stacking
technology. These stacked switches provide IP connections for 96 IP phones in each building (1,152 phones total), and also
power those phones via PoE. Each switch has one 10GB fiber uplink to the distribution layer for a 4.8:1 oversubscription to
the rest of the network, which is acceptable for normal to intensive office environments. Fiber optic cabling is used between
each building and the aggregation layer due to the relatively long distance separating them.
At the distribution layer, virtual stacking technology is also used to stack four XSM7224S 24-port, 10 Gigabit managed
switches for high performance, highly redundant distributed link aggregation (one 10 Gigabit link per physical switch) for a
40Gbit/s connection to the rest of the network, where other clients may be located.
Network Architecture: VLANs
The installation comprises several dedicated VLANs. The telephony infrastructure components that manage the IP phones
(the IP PBX, SIP server or Call Manager, and voice gateway) are all on a dedicated telephony VLAN, and in one specified
subnet. All the IP phones are also on a dedicated voice VLAN and in another specified subnet. There is a third dedicated
management VLAN. The PCs are connected to yet another (existing) VLAN such as a production data VLAN.3 In other words,
the PCs and the IP phones are on separate VLANs, even though they are connected to the network via the same port.
It’s assumed that the PCs are unaware of VLAN tagging. The traffic from the PCs will be untagged, but the NETWORK switches will perform this function by adding and removing the
production data VLAN tag from packets as appropriate.
3
Page 12
Communication between the various VLANs is accomplished by inter-VLAN routing, i.e. by creating Layer 3 interfaces
(IP addresses assigned to VLAN interfaces) and using OSPF for unicast routing on the NETGEAR switches.
The phones receive their IP configuration, their VLAN configuration and their QoS priority settings from the infrastructure
components, with no need for manual intervention. QoS settings are enforced by the switches across the entire VLAN
network (at the VLAN level).4
This design delivers a highly available network that provides uninterrupted, high quality telephone service. NETGEAR
switches strictly enforce Layer 2 and Layer 3 QoS parameters throughout the network for perfect VoIP prioritization. This
design also incorporates a level of redundancy such that there are no points of hardware failure, and quick fault
recovery is ensured. Furthermore, critical components can be swapped without interruption of service.
“Rest of the Network”
IP PBX, SIP
Server or Call
Manager
Voice
Gateway
XSM7224S
M5300-52G3
XSM7224S
ID
Port 21T-24T
Stack
Master
Lef t side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Green=Link at 10G
Y ellow=Link at 1G
Fan
Power 2
Power 1
US B
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22 F
21 F
24 F
23 F
21 T
Reset
22 T
23 T
Right side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Y ellow=Link at 10/100M
24 T
Combo Ports
Console 9600,N.8,1
M5300-52G3
2
ACT
SP D 1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46 T
45 T
48 T
47 T
46 F
45 F
48 F
47 F
50 F
49 F
50 T
49 T
Combo Ports
Stack ID
Power
51
52
XSM7224S
Fan
2
1
Reset
ID
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
RJ45 SPD Mode: Green = Link at 1G Yellow = Link at 10/100MRJ45ACTmode:Green=LinkBlink=ACT
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46T
45T
48T
47T
SFP SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Yellow = Link at 100MBlink =Act
46F
45F
48F
47F
50F
49F
Combo Ports
50T
49T
Green=10G Link Yel l ow=1G B l i nk=A CT
Port 21T-24T
Stack
Master
Lef t side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Green=Link at 10G
Y ellow=Link at 1G
Power 2
Power 1
US B
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22 F
21 F
24 F
23 F
21 T
Reset
22 T
23 T
M5300-52G3
SP D 1
Right side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Y ellow=Link at 10/100M
24 T
Combo Ports
2
ACT
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46 T
45 T
48 T
47 T
46 F
45 F
48 F
47 F
49 F
50 F
49 T
50 T
Console 9600,N.8,1
Stack ID
Combo Ports
Fan
Power
51
52
Fan
2
1
Reset
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
RJ45 SPD Mode: Green = Link at 1G Yellow = Link at 10/100MRJ45ACTmode:Green=LinkBlink=ACT
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46T
45T
48T
47T
SFP SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Yellow = Link at 100MBlink =Act
46F
45F
48F
47F
Combo Ports
49F
50F
49T
50T
Green=10G Link Yel l ow=1G B l i nk=A CT
XSM7224S
ID
Port 21T-24T
Stack
Master
Lef t side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Green=Link at 10G
Y ellow=Link at 1G
Fan
Power 2
Power 1
US B
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22 F
21 F
21 T
24 F
23 F
Reset
22 T
23 T
Right side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Y ellow=Link at 10/100M
24 T
Combo Ports
Console 9600,N.8,1
XSM7224S
ID
Port 21T-24T
Stack
Master
Lef t side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Green=Link at 10G
Y ellow=Link at 1G
Fan
Power 2
Power 1
US B
2
1
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22 F
21 F
24 F
23 F
21 T
Reset
22 T
23 T
Right side LED: Blink=Act
Of f =No Link
Y ellow=Link at 10/100M
24 T
Combo Ports
Console 9600,N.8,1
M5300-52G-POE+
8
10
9
13
12
11
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
15
14
14
13
14
15
17
16
16
15
16
17
19
18
18
17
18
19
21
20
20
19
23
22
22
21
25
24
24
23
27
26
26
25
29
28
28
27
31
30
30
29
33
32
32
31
35
34
34
33
37
36
36
35
39
38
38
37
41
40
40
39
43
42
42
41
45
44
44
43
47T
46
46
45
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
48T
47T
47F
50T
50T
49T
49F
48F
48F
47F
SPD
1
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
13
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
49F
48F
50F
M4100-50G-POE+
Fan
RPS
50F
Max
PoE
2
1
USB
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46
45
48T
47T
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
50T
49T
48F
47F
PoE
Power
SPD
1
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
49T
48T
47F
50T
49F
48F
50F
PoE
Power
Fan
SPD
1
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
22
21
22
23
24
24
25
26
25
26
27
29
28
27
28
30
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
41
40
40
42
42
41
43
45
44
44
43
47T
46
46
45
2
1
USB
Reset
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
48T
47T
47F
50T
49T
50T
47F
48F
48F
49F
49F
PoE
1
SPD
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
45
44
47T
46
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46
45
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
48T
47T
50T
49T
48F
47F
47F
50T
49F
48F
47F
50T
48F
49F
2
1
USB
Reset
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
46
45
48T
47T
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
50T
49T
48F
47F
1
USB
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
43
45
46
48T
47T
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
PoE
Power
SPD
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
40
42
43
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
PoE
Power
Fan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
SPD
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
47T
46
1
USB
Reset
8
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
42
41
44
43
46
45
48T
47T
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
47F
50T
49F
48F
1
USB
Reset
8
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
43
46
45
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
47T
48T
50T
49T
48F
47F
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
PoE
Power
1
SPD
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
4
5
6
7
4
5
6
7
8
7
8
10
9
12
11
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
14
15
16
15
16
17
18
17
18
19
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
48T
47T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
22
21
22
23
24
24
25
26
25
26
27
28
27
28
29
30
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
41
42
42
43
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
47T
47T
48T
48T
49T
49T
Reset
47F
48F
49F
50F
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
Power
2
1
USB
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
1
SPD
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
48T
47T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
23
22
24
25
26
27
29
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
Reset
1
SPD
47F
48F
49F
50F
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
Combo Ports
1
8
13
14
15
16
17
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
1
SPD
6
5
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
7
8
10
9
12
11
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
13
14
15
16
15
16
17
18
17
18
19
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
48T
47T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
Reset
SPD
47F
48F
49F
50F
2
4
3
6
5
1
8
13
14
15
16
17
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
1
SPD
8
7
6
5
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
7
8
13
12
11
10
9
12
11
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
15
14
14
13
14
15
17
16
16
15
16
17
19
18
18
17
18
19
21
20
20
19
23
22
22
21
25
24
24
23
27
26
26
25
29
28
28
27
31
30
30
29
33
32
32
31
35
34
34
33
37
36
36
35
39
38
38
37
41
40
40
39
43
42
42
41
45
44
44
43
47T
46
45
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
48T
47T
47F
50T
50T
49T
47F
48F
48F
49F
49F
50F
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
9
8
7
8
12
11
10
9
13
12
11
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
15
14
14
13
14
15
1
SPD
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
14
13
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
15
17
16
16
15
16
16
17
19
18
18
17
18
17
18
19
21
20
20
19
23
22
22
21
25
24
24
23
27
26
26
25
29
28
28
27
31
30
30
29
33
32
32
31
35
34
34
33
37
36
36
35
39
38
38
37
41
40
40
39
43
42
42
41
45
44
44
43
47T
46
46
45
1
8
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
47F
48F
48F
49F
49F
50F
20
23
22
21
22
23
24
24
25
26
25
26
27
28
27
28
29
30
29
30
31
31
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
36
36
37
37
38
38
39
39
40
40
41
43
42
41
42
43
45
44
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
1
SPD
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
47T
46
48T
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
48T
47T
49T
47F
50T
50T
49T
47F
48F
48F
49F
49F
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
13
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
Max
PoE
50F
2
1
USB
Reset
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
48T
47T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
50F
PoE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
SPD
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
21
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
RPS
M4100-50G-POE+
47F
50T
50T
47F
49F
48F
48F
49F
Max
PoE
50F
1
USB
Reset
8
13
14
15
16
17
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
48T
47T
49T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
50F
PoE
Power
1
SPD
2
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
13
12
11
15
14
17
16
19
18
21
20
23
22
25
24
27
26
29
28
31
30
33
32
35
34
37
36
39
38
41
40
43
42
45
44
47T
46
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47F
50T
48F
49F
50F
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
Reset
47F
48F
49F
50F
4
3
6
5
8
7
10
9
12
11
14
13
16
15
18
17
20
19
22
21
24
23
26
25
28
27
30
29
32
31
34
33
36
35
38
37
40
39
42
41
44
43
45
46
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
Power
2
1
USB
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
1
SPD
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
48T
47T
50T
49T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
23
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
Fan
USB
1
8
13
14
15
16
17
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
46
45
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
RPS
Max
PoE
Reset
44
Fan
2
1
USB
PoE
Power
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
2
SPD
RPS
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
47T
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
19
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
RPS
Reset
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
Fan
USB
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
PoE
Power
8
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
RPS
Max
PoE
Reset
1
USB
Fan
4
3
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
Power
2
1
USB
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
Fan
USB
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
1
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
RPS
Max
PoE
Reset
PoE
Power
Fan
4
3
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
Power
2
1
USB
M4100-50G-POE+
50T
Fan
USB
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
PoE
Power
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
RPS
Max
PoE
Reset
RPS
Combo Ports
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
Combo Ports
8
Combo Ports
6
5
3
3
Fan
RPS
Combo Ports
4
3
2
2
8
7
6
5
Power
SPD
Max
PoE
Combo Ports
4
3
Fan
SPD
Fan
1
6
5
4
3
Fan
1
RPS
Combo Ports
2
2
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
1
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
4
3
2
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
Power
Fan
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
Combo Ports
SPD
1
USB
PoE
USB
Combo Ports
1
RPS
RPS
2
SPD
1
USB
50F
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
Combo Ports
PoE
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
Reset
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
1
RPS
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
Fan
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
Reset
Reset
PoE
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
50F
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
1
Fan
50F
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
Fan
50F
PoE
Power
M4100-50G-POE+
49T
48T
Fan
RPS
Max
PoE
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
50F
49F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
21
20
Combo Ports
8
Combo Ports
7
7
Combo Ports
6
6
Combo Ports
5
5
Combo Ports
4
4
Combo Ports
12
11
Combo Ports
8
7
Reset
3
3
Combo Ports
10
9
Reset
2
2
Reset
1
Combo Ports
8
7
6
5
Power
SPD
1
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
RPS
Combo Ports
6
5
4
3
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
PoE
RPS
USB
Combo Ports
4
3
2
1
USB
Combo Ports
2
Combo Ports
SPD
1
RPS
Combo Ports
PoE
Power
PoE
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
Reset
Power
Fan
Max
PoE
Reset
Max
PoE
Reset
USB
1
8
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
PoE (Max 30W per port): Of f = no PD Green = PoE Powered Yellow = PoE f ault RJ45 SPD mode: Green = Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 10/100M Blink = AC T
41
42
43
44
45
46
47T
48T
49T
50T
47F
48F
49F
50F
SFP SPD/Link/ACT mode: Green=Link at 1G Y ellow=Link at 100M Blink=AC T
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
IP phones
w/PCs - 96
total
per
building
Fiber, 1000SX multimode
Copper, Gigabit RJ45
Copper, 10/100/1000 RJ45 PoE
Copper, 10GBASE-T RJ45
Fiber, 10GBASE-LR single mode
Fiber, 10GSFP +CU DAC
Voice traffic packets can be classified with either Layer 2 802.1p priority or Layer 3 DiffServ priority. If the IP phones support both, we advise using Layer 3
DiffServ prioritization.
4
Page 13
The benefits of this design include the following:
Simplicity
•The switches can be configured with a unique, easy-to-use web-based interface as well as the industry-standard
command line interface (CLI).
•The IP phones’ IP configuration is automatic via a DHCP server or a NETGEAR switch with no manual intervention
required, and including every kind of VoIP DHCP option settings.
•The IP phones’ IP configuration (including every kind of VoIP DHCP option setting) is automatic via a DHCP server or
the NETGEAR switch, with no manual intervention required.
•Without any manual intervention, the IP phones know which VLAN tag and which QoS tag they must use for
VoIP streams.
•This network design avoids the use of the Spanning Tree Protocol, which is complex and difficult to configure. The
network’s highly resilient distribution layer allows for the best of both worlds with redundant links to the servers and
access layer switches, as well as advanced load balancing and seamless, sub-second failover capabilities – made as
simple as “trunking”.
Packet Prioritization
•The switches handle packet prioritization to deliver high QoS. In fact, the network (all the switches) in this reference
design is assigned the task of implementing and enforcing the QoS priority settings determined by the telephony
infrastructure (at the IP PBX, SIP Server or Call Manager level), so that the voice traffic is prioritized across the entire
network.
•In addition to simplifying administration, the avoidance of the Spanning Tree Protocol also enables more efficient use
of bandwidth, since all links are active and load balancing is enabled.
Resilience
•Switch redundancy. In every building, the two M5300-52G-POE+ switches connect to a different XSM7224S
switch at the distribution layer for perfect redundancy in the unlikely event of a switch failure at either the access
or distribution layer. The two switches in each access layer stack at the various buildings are connected to different
physical switches at the distribution layer so there is complete redundancy at both layers in the unlikely event that a
switch should fail. The four stacked distribution layer switches provide redundancy with < one second failover.
•Redundant Power Supplies (RPSs). This design assumes that each two-switch stack in the access subnet is deployed
in a different location. Therefore, each stack is provided with a separate RPS – the NETGEAR RPS4000 – in the unlikely
event that a switch power supply should fail. (Each RPS4000 can provide redundant power to as many as four switches.)
The internal power supply of the four stacked switches at the distribution layer is augmented with an additional
APS300W power module for server-like redundancy. It can be hot swapped if required.
•Redundant links. There are two 10 Gigabit links from each access layer stack to the distribution layer switches, and one
of them alone has adequate bandwidth to carry all the aggregated voice streams. Adding a second enables load balancing
and also provides redundancy should one of the access layer or distribution layer switches fail – an unlikely event.
Security
•This design has a dedicated management VLAN for access layer and distribution layer switches, with an additional control
plane ACL to better refine the IP/MAC/protocol through which management access to the network is controlled.
•MAC-based port security (MAC address table locking) provides a minimum level of security by preventing an attacker
from disconnecting a phone and connecting a PC in its place for hacking purposes.
Page 14
•Assuming the phones support the IEEE 802.1x authentication standard for port-based Network Access Control, a
higher level of security can be implemented using a RADIUS server or Windows Server 2008 Network Policy Server
(NPS) with or without MAC authentication bypass (MAB). With this approach, access to ports can be blocked even if
hackers succeed in spoofing and emulating MAC addresses during an attack.
•IMPORTANT: If the phones support RADIUS or NPS authentication but the PCs connected to them don’t, NETGEAR
switches will authenticate the PCs by submitting their MAC addresses to the Radius or NPS server using MAB.
NETGEAR switches support up to 48 different RADIUS authentications per port, but for this application only
two are needed.
•NETGEAR switches support MAB bypass for non-RADIUS-aware phones, and will authenticate such phones when they
submit their MAC address to the RADIUS or NPS server.
Bandwidth and Power Calculations: Access Subnet
BANDWIDTH
Average bandwidth per phone
64 kbit/s
Total bandwidth for 40 phones
(per switch)
64 kbit/s x 40 = 2.6 Mbit/s
POWER
PoE Class
1 (maximum 4W)
Total PoE budget per switch
4 x 40 = 160W
Key NETGEAR Components
Distribution Layer Switch
XSM7224S (M7300-24XF 24 ports 10 Gigabit SFP+ with 10GBASE-T uplinks,
Layer 2+) and its XSM7224L Layer 3 license upgrade
Access Layer Switch
M5300-52G-POE+ (48 ports Gigabit Ethernet with 10 Gigabit uplinks, Layer 2+)
and its GSM7252PL Layer 3 license upgrade
Rest of the network Switch
M5300-52G3 (48 ports Gigabit Ethernet with 10 Gigabit uplinks, Layer 3)
Redundant Power Supply
RPS4000 (RPS unit up to four switches)
Page 15
Managed Infrastructure
NETGEAR Managed Switches offer a secure, future-proof networking infrastructure for VoIP deployments in mid-size
organizations and campus networks. NETGEAR Managed Switches come with industry-leading lifetime warranties; lifetime
advanced technical support; and included 3-year onsite advance replacement service in most of North America, Europe
and Australia cities. More detailed information is available at www.netgear.com/managed.
L2+
L3
Chassis 1G/10G
M8800
L3
Stackable 10G
M7300
L2+
L2+
L2+
L3
series
series
Standalone 10G
M7100
Stackable 1G/10G
M5300
Standalone 100M/1G
M4100
Page 16
Core
10G Aggregation
series
series
series
Access
NETGEAR Switching Solutions
Product Name
M8800-06
M8800-10
M7300-24XF
M7100-24X
M5300-28G
M5300-52G
Order Number
XCM8806
XCM8810
XSM7224S
XSM7224
GSM7228S
GSM7252S
RJ45 Ports
Up to 240 x
10/100/1000
Up to 432 x
10/100/1000
4 x 10GBASE-T
24 x 10GBASE-T
24 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
48 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
Fiber SFP+
(1000/10G)
Up to 40 x XFP
Up to 72 x XFP
24 x SFP+
4 x SFP+
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
Fiber SFP (100/1000)
Up to 128 x SFP
Up to 224 x SFP
-
-
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
Power over Ethernet
Up to 240 x PoE
802.3af
Up to 432 x PoE
802.3af
-
-
-
PoE Budget (Watts)
Up to 5,000W
Up to 5,000W
-
-
-
N+1 modular PSUs
N+1 modular PSUs
Dual hot swap PSUs
Dual hot swap PSUs
RPS + Modular PSU
RPS + Modular PSU
Full Layer 3
Full Layer 3
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Optional Core License
Optional Core License
Optional
Full L3 License
Optional
Full L3 License
Chassis 10U
Chassis 14U
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Stackable
M5300-28G-POE+
M5300-52G-POE+
M5300-28G3
M5300-52G3
M5300-28GF3
M4100-D10-POE
Redundant
Power Supply
Feature Set
Form Factor
Product Name
Optional
Full L3 License
Layer 2+
(static routing)
GSM7228PS
GSM7252PS
GSM7328S
GSM7352S
GSM7328FS
FSM5210P
RJ45 Ports
24 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
48 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
24 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
48 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
4 x 10/100/100
2 x 10GBASE-T
(Max: 4)
8 x 10/100
2 x 10/100/1000
Fiber SFP+(1000/10G)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
2 x SFP+ (Max: 4)
Fiber SFP (100/1000)
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
24 x SFP
2 x SFP
Power over Ethernet
24 x PoE+ 802.3at
48 x PoE+ 802.3at
-
-
8 x PoE 802.3af
PoE Budget (Watts)
380W/720W EPS
380W/1,440W EPS
-
-
66W
Redundant
Power Supply
RPS + Modular PSU
RPS + Modular PSU
RPS + Modular PSU
RPS + Modular PSU
RPS + Modular PSU
-
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Optional Full L3
License
Optional Full L3
License
Full Layer 3
Full Layer 3
Full Layer 3
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Stackable
Rack 1U
Stackable
Desktop
Order Number
Feature Set
Form Factor
Page 17
Product Name
M4100-26-POE
M4100-50-POE
M4100-D12G
M4100-D12G-POE+
M4100-12GF
M4100-12G-POE+
Order Number
FSM7226P
FSM7250P
GSM5212
GSM5212P
GSM7212F
GSM7212P
24 x 10/100
2 x 10/100/1000
48 x 10/100
2 x 10/100/1000
12 x10/100/1000
12 x 10/100/1000
12 x 10/100/1000
12 x 10/100/1000
2 x SFP
2 x SFP
2 x SFP
4 x SFP
12 x SFP
4 x SFP
Power over Ethernet
(PoE/PoE+)
24 x PoE 802.3af
48 x PoE 802.3af
10 x PoE+ 802.3at
out
4 x PoE+ 802.3at
12 x PoE+ 802.3at
PoE Budget (Watts)
380W
380W/740W EPS
125W
150W
380W
RPS
RPS
PD Mode
PD Mode
RPS
RPS
-
-
1 x PoE+ 30W
port in
2 x PoE+ 30W ports in
Can redistribute 25W
-
-
Feature Set
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Form Factor
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Desktop
Desktop
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Product Name
M4100-26G
M4100-50G
M4100-26G-POE
M4100-24G-POE+
M4100-50G-POE+
RPS/EPS Unit
Order Number
GSM7224
GSM7248
GSM7226LP
GSM7224P
GSM7248P
RPS4000
26 x 10/100/1000
50 x 10/100/1000
26 x 10/100/1000
24 x 10/100/1000
50 x 10/100/1000
For up to 4 switches
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
4 x SFP
For up to 4 switches
Power over Ethernet
(PoE/PoE+)
24 x PoE 802.3af
24 x PoE+ 802.3at
48 x PoE+ 802.3at
APS1000W
combination
PoE Budget (Watts)
192W/380W EPS
380W/720W EPS
380W/1,440W EPS
Up to 2,8880W
budget
RJ45 Ports
Fiber SFP (100/1000)
Redundant
Power Supply
Powered by PoE+
(Passthrough)
RJ45 Ports
Fiber SFP (100/1000)
Redundant
Power Supply
RPS
RPS
RPS
RPS
RPS
RPS EPS
Feature Set
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Layer 2+
(static routing)
Connects M4100
series and M5300
series
Form Factor
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Standalone
Rack 1U
Four Slots
NETGEAR and the NETGEAR logo are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NETGEAR, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other
countries. Other brand names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective holder(s). Information is
subject to change without notice. ©2013 NETGEAR, Inc. All rights reserved.
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