RENEWABLE ENERGY POLICY
&
BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL
IN TURKEY
Murat AKÇİN
General Directorate of Renewable Energy
AGENDA
• Energy Policy Main Concerns and 2023 Targets
• Legislations
• Biomass Energy Potential
2
ENERGY POLICY MAIN CONCERNS
Energy security
Sustainable energy supply
Decreasing greenhouse gas
emissions
Enhancement of local
manufacturing capabilities in
clean and new technologies
Turkey attributes importance to;
- Energy generation from renewable
resources
- Expanded utilization of renewable
resources
- Diversification of energy resources
- Reducing greenhouse gas emission
- Development of local electromechanical manufacturing industry
3
INSTALLED CAPACITY
GEOTHERMAL; 427.4 MW;
0.6%
WIND; 3730 MW; 5%
SOLAR; 65 MW; 0,1%
NATURAL GAS + LNG;
21.528 MW; 31%
HYDRAULIC
(RESERVOIR); 17.182; 24%
HYDRAULIC (RUN-OFF
TYPE); 7.197 MW;
10%
COAL; 14.650 MW;
20.4%
THERMAL; 5.777 MW; 8%
Total Installed Capacity : 70.557,7 MW
Source: TEİAŞ-Load Dispatch Reports (31/03/2015)
4
RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLED
CAPACITY
RENEWABLE +
WASTE; 296.3 MW;
2,5%
HYDRAULIC
(RUN-OFF TYPE);
7.197 MW;
61,7 %
WIND; 3.730,9 MW;
31.9%
GEOTHERMAL;
427.4 MW; 3,5%
Source: TEİAŞ-Load Dispatch Reports (31/03/2015)
SOLAR; 65 MW
0.4%
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2023 RE TARGETS
The whole economically
feasible hydropower
potential (34.000 MW)
20.000 MW installed capacity
of wind power
Minimum 5.000 MW
installed capacity of solar
power
Minimum 1.000 MWe
installed capacity of
geothermal power
1.000 MWe installed capacity
of biomass power
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7
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FEED-IN TARIFF MECHANISM
Schedule I
(Provision of the law dated 29/12/2010 and numbered 6094)
Type of Production Facility Based on
Renewable Energy Resources
Prices Applicable
(US Dollar cent/kWh)
a. Hydroelectric production facility
7.3
b. Wind power based production facility
7.3
c. Geothermal power based production facility
10.5
d. Biomass based production facility
(including landfill gas)
13.3
e. Solar power based production facility
13.3
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LICENSE EXEMPTION
Revision at Electricity Market Law;
”Renewable based electricity facilities developed by the real
persons and legal entities up to 1 MW installed capacity is exempted
from license.”
•
Applications directed to 21 electricity distribution companies
•
Project Assessment
Type
Number Inst. Cap. (kW)
Approved Project
Provisional Commisioning
Number
Inst. Cap. (kW)
Number
Inst. Cap. (kW)
Wind
99
58.080
9
2.689
1
250
Solar
1318
1.024.143
435
289.762
122
48.147
Biogas
12
9.680
5
5.643
5
5.643
Wave
1
400,00
0
0,00
0
0,00
)
12/02/2015
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RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL
•
•
Substantial renewable energy potential and utilization rates are growing
Hydro, wind, and solar energy are major portions of renewable resource
portfolio.
160,000
GWh/a.
economic
hydro
1.5-2 MTOE
biogas
48,000 MW
wind capacity
8.6 MTOE
biomass
1,500 kWh/m²year of average
Global Solar
Radiation
31,500 MWt
geothermal
capacity
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WIND ENERGY
Wind
class
Annual wind
power density
(W/m2)
Annual wind
speed
(m/s)
Good
4
400 – 500
7.0 – 7.5
29,259.36
Excellent
5
500 – 600
7.5 – 8.0
12,994.32
Outstanding
6
600 – 800
8.0 – 9.0
5,399.92
Superb
7
> 800
> 9.0
Resource
potential
TOTAL CAPACITY
Total
capacity
(MW)
195.84
47,849.44
Wind energy potential (annual average wind speed > 7 m/s), 50 m a.g.l.
Calculated at altitudes of lower than 1500 m.
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SOLAR ENERGY
• Mediterranean sun belt; perfect natural conditions for solar
power plants.
Average Global Solar Radiation: 1,500 kWh/m²-year
Solar energy data below are available on yearly and monthly
base:
o
o
o
o
Global solar radiation
Diffused solar radiation
Direct solar radiation
Sunlight duration
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SOLAR ENERGY
•
Installed PV Capacity; 65 MW unlicensed solar power plants
•
Installed CSP Capacity; 5 MW for
research purposes in Mersin with
500 heliostats
With the rapidly growing unlicensed
market, both PV and CSP capacities
are expected to reach to a competitive
level in near future
•
•
Solar Energy Equipment Production Capacity;
a) PV Module: 600 MW/year
b) PV Cell: 100 MW/year
c) Solar Collector: 47 MW/year
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SOLAR ENERGY
• Main utilization of solar energy; hot water generation systems
which turn solar energy into thermal energy and are mostly
used.
• Turkey is one of the leading countries; high installed capacity
in Mediterranean and Aegean coast
• 20 million m² flat-plate solar collectors is installed.
• Turkey is one of the largest
manufacturers of flat-plate
solar collectors 2 million m2
annual production
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SOLAR ENERGY
• License applications: 10-14 June 2013, Capacity Allocation: 600
MW.
Eligible applications;
Global horizontal radiation is more
than 1,620 kWh/m2.year
121 sub-stations inside or near the
promising areas
• 496 companies with total capacity of 7390 MW
Tenders began on 15.05.2014
- Pre-licensed capacity; 29 MW
- Applications gained right for pre-license;
230 MW
- Tenders will continue on 28, 29, 30 April
2015.
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• Turkey is ranked 1st in Europe and 7th in the world with
geothermal capacity of Turkey is 31,500 MWt.
• % 77.9 of this potential is in Western Anatolia.
• Geothermal Electricity Potential: 2000 MWe.
• 55% of the geothermal areas in Turkey are suitable for heating
practices; 90,000 households in 21 provinces/regions.
• Totally 27 projects of 747 MWe capacity are licensed
• 26 projects of 427 MWe capacity are pre-licensed
• 427 MWe is operational as of March, 2015
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BIOMASS ENERGY
• Biomass sources; agricultural, forest, animal and urban wastes
• Biomass potential is around 8,6 million TEP of which 6 million
TEPs are used for heating purposes.
• Biomass sources are dispersed throughout country
• Total amount of wastes; forest 4,8 million tonnes and
agricultural 15 million tones
• 1.5 - 2 MTOE biogas potential.
• Landfill gas extraction gained importance (total capacity
162,7 million m3/year)
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Electricity generation and shares by energy resources
Year
Total
Coal
Liquid fuels
(GWh)
Natural Gas
Hydro
Renewable Energy
and wastes
(%)
2003
140 581
22,9
6,5
45,2
25,1
0,2
2004
150 698
22,9
5,1
41,3
30,6
0,2
2005
161 956
26,7
3,4
45,3
24,4
0,2
2006
176 300
26,5
2,5
45,8
25,1
0,2
2007
191 558
27,9
3,4
49,6
18,7
0,4
2008
198 418
29,1
3,8
49,7
16,8
0,6
2009
194 813
28,6
2,5
49,3
18,5
1,2
2010
211 208
26,1
1,0
46,5
24,5
1,9
2011
229 395
28,9
0,4
45,4
22,8
2,6
2012
239 497
28,4
0,7
43,6
24,2
3,1
2013
240 154
26,6
0,7
43,8
24,7
4,2
Source: TETC, Electricity Generation - Transmission
Statistics of Turkey
Renewable energy and waste includes geothermal, wind, solid biomass,
biogas and waste.
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Electricity generation and shares by energy resources
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
140 581
150 698
161 956
176 300
191 558
198 418
194 813
211 208
229 395
239 497
240 154
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Coal (%)
Liquid fuels
Natural Gas
Hydro
Renewable Energy and wastes
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Distribution of net electricity consumption by
sectors
Year
Total Household Commercial
(GWh)
Government
Industrial Illumination Other(1)
(%)
2003
111.766
22,5
11,5
4,1
49,3
4,5
8,1
2004
121.142
22,8
12,9
3,7
49,2
3,7
7,7
2005
130.263
23,7
14,2
3,6
47,8
3,2
7,4
2006
143.070
24,1
14,2
4,2
47,5
2,8
7,2
2007
155.135
23,5
14,9
4,5
47,6
2,6
6,9
2008
161.948
24,4
14,8
4,5
46,2
2,5
7,6
2009
156.894
25,0
15,9
4,5
44,9
2,5
7,3
2010
172.051
24,1
16,1
4,1
46,1
2,2
7,4
2011
186.100
23,8
16,4
3,9
47,3
2,1
6,5
2012
194.923
23,3
16,3
4,5
47,4
2,0
6,5
2013
198.045
22,7
18,9
4,1
47,1
1,9
5,2
Source: TEDC, Electricity Distribution and Consumption
Statistics of Turkey
(1) It includes consumption in agriculture, livestock, fishery sector and municipal water abstraction
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pumping facilities, and other public services etc.
Livestock production
Number of livestock
(Baş - Head)
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Cattle
10 548 000
9 803 498
9 788 102
10 069 346
10 526 440
10 871 364
11 036 753
10 859 942
10 723 958
11 369 800
12 386 337
13 914 912
14 415 257
14 122 847
Sheep
26 972 000
25 173 706
25 431 539
25 201 155
25 304 325
25 616 912
25 462 293
23 974 591
21 749 508
23 089 691
25 031 565
27 425 233
29 284 247
31 115 190
Goats
7 022 000
6 780 094
6 771 675
6 609 937
6 517 464
6 643 294
6 286 358
5 593 561
5 128 285
6 293 233
7 277 953
8 357 286
9 225 548
10 347 159
Total
44 542 000
41 757 298
41 991 316
41 880 438
42 348 229
43 131 570
42 785 404
40 428 094
37 601 751
40 752 724
44 695 855
49 697 431
52 925 052
55 585 196
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BIOMASS ENERGY
Biomass potential map is available online:
http://bepa.yegm.gov.tr/
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The analaysis of Turkey’s total number of animals
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The quantity analysis of Turkey's total vegetable production
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The analaysis of presence of Turkey forest waste
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Electricty generation from biogas plants in operation
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The analaysis of Turkey’s quantity of municipal solid waste
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Thank You For Your Attention
Murat Akçin
+90 312 295 51 32
makcin@yegm.gov.tr
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