530 Main Street, Acton, MA 01720
Phone: (978)263-3584, Fax: (978)263-5086
Web Site: www.acton-research.com
Operating Instructions
for
PMT Tube
P2
Ver 2.0
PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES
R928, R955
Extended Red, High Sensitivity, Multialkali Photocathode
28mm (1-1/8 Inch) Diameter, 9-Stage, Side-On
FEATURES
Wide Spectral Response
R928 ........................................................ 185 to 900 nm
R955 ........................................................ 160 to 900 nm
High Cathode Sensitivity
Luminous ...................................................... 250 A/lm
Radiant at 400nm ............................................. 74mA/W
High Anode Sensitivity (at 1000V)
Luminous ........................................................ 2500A/lm
Radiant at 400nm ..................................... 7.4 105 A/W
Low Drift and Hysteresis
The R928 and R955 feature extremely high quantum efficiency,
high current amplification, good S/N ratio and wide spectral response from UV to near infrared. The R928 employs a UV glass
envelope and the R955 has a fused silica envelope for UV sensitivity extension.
The R928 and R955 are well suited for use in broad-band spectrophotometers, atomic absorption spectrophotometers, emission spectrophotometers and other precision photometric instruments.
GENERAL
Spectral Response
R928
R955
Wavelength of Maximum Response
Figure 1: Typical Spectral Response
Description/Value Unit
100
185 to 900
160 to 900
nm
nm
400
nm
Photocathode
MateriaI
Minimum Effective Area
Multialkali
8 24
Window Material
R928
R955
UV glass
Fused silica
mm
Dynode
Secondary Emitting Surface
Structure
Number of Stages
Direct Interelectrode Capacitances
Anode to Last Dynode
Anode to All Other Electrodes
Base
Weight
SuitabIe Socket
SuitabIe Socket Assembly
Multialkali
Circular-cage
9
Approx. 4
Approx. 6
11-pin base
JEDEC No. B11-88
Approx. 45
TPMSB0001EB
CATHODE
RADIANT
SENSITIVITY
R955
CATHODE RADIANT SENSITIVITY (mA/W)
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY (%)
Parameter
10
R928
QUANTUM EFFICIENCY
1
0.1
pF
pF
0.01
100 200
g
300 400
500 600
700 800
900 1000
WAVELENGTH (nm)
E678–11A (option)
E717–21 (option)
Subject to local technical requirements and regulations, availability of products included in this promotional material may vary. Please consult with our sales office.
lnformation furnished by HAMAMATS U is believed to be reliabIe. However, no responsibility is assumed for possibIe inaccuracies or ommissions. Specifications are
subject to change without notice. No patent right are granted to any of the circuits described herein. © 1997 Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R928, R955
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Absolute Maximum Values)
Parameter
Value
Unit
Between Anode and Cathode
1250
Vdc
Between Anode and Last Dynode
250
Vdc
0.1
mA
Supply Voltage
Average Anode Current
Ambient Temperature
–80 to +50
CHARACTERISTlCS (at 25
)
Parameter
R928
Typ.
Min.
Cathode Sensitivity
Quantum Efficiency at Peak Wavelength
Luminous B
Radiant at 194nm
254nm
400nm
633nm
852nm
Red/White Ratio C
Blue D
140
0.2
Anode Sensitivity
Luminous E
Radiant at 194nm
254nm
400nm
633nm
852nm
25.4
(at 260nm)
250
18
52
74
41
3.5
0.3
8
400
Anode Dark Current F
After 30 minute Storage in the darkness
400
1.3
Time Response E
Anode Pulse Rise Time I
Electron Transit Time J
Transit Time Spread (TTS) K
Unit
A/lm
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
mA/W
2500
4.3 105
5.6 105
7.4 105
4.1 105
3.5 104
A/lm
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
A/W
50
1.3
%
A/lm-b
107
3
10-16
Max.
29.0
(at 220nm)
250
43
56
74
41
3.5
0.3
8
1.0
3
ENI(Equivalent Noise Input) H
0.2
107
1.0
R955
Typ.
Min.
140
2500
1.8 105
5.2 105
7.4 105
4.1 105
3.5 104
Gain E
Anode Current Stability
Current Hysteresis
Voltage Hysteresis
Max.
10-16
50
nA
W
2.2
22
1.2
2.2
22
1.2
ns
ns
ns
0.1
1.0
0.1
1.0
%
%
L
NOTES
A: Averaged over any interval of 30 seconds maximum.
B: The light source is a tungsten filament lamp operated at a distribution temperature of 2856K. Supply voltage is 100 volts between the cathode and
all other electrodes connected together as anode.
C: Red/White ratio is the quotient of the cathode current measured using a
red filter(Toshiba R-68) interposed between the light source and the tube
by the cathode current measured with the filter removed under the same
conditions as Note B.
D: The value is cathode output current when a blue filter(Corning CS-5-58
polished to 1/2 stock thickness) is interposed between the light source and
the tube under the same condition as Note B.
E: Measured with the same light source as Note B and with the voltage distribution ratio shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1:Voltage Distribution Ratio
Electrode
Distribution
Ratio
K
Dy1 Dy2 Dy3 Dy4 Dy5 Dy6 Dy7 Dy8 Dy9
1
1
1
SuppIy Voltage : 1000Vdc
K : Cathode, Dy : Dynode,
1
1
1
P : Anode
1
1
1
P
1
F: Measured with the same supply voltage and voltage distribution ratio as
Note E after removal of light.
G:Measured at a supply voltage adjusted to provide an anode sensitivity of
100 A/lm.
H: ENI is an indication of the photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio. It refers to
the amount of light in watts to produce a signal-to-noise ratio of unity in the
output of a photomultiplier tube.
ENI =
2q.ldb.G. f
S
q = Electronic charge (1.60 10-19 coulomb).
ldb = Anode dark current(after 30 minute storage) in amperes.
G = Gain.
f = Bandwidth of the system in hertz. 1 hertz is used.
S = Anode radiant sensitivity in amperes per watt at the wavelength of peak response.
I: The rise time is the time for the output pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of the
peak amplitude when the entire photocathode is illuminated by a delta
function light pulse.
where
J: The electron transit time is the interval between the arrival of delta function
light pulse at the entrance window of the tube and the time when the anode
output reaches the peak amplitude. In measurement, the whole photocathode is illuminated.
K: Also called transit time jitter. This is the fluctuation in electron transit time
between individual pulses in the signal photoelectron mode, and may be
defined as the FWHM of the frequency distribution of electron transit times.
ANODE
CURRENT
L: Hysteresis is temporary instability in anode current after light and voltage
are applied.
l max.
li
l min.
lmax.
Hysteresis =
lmin.
100(%)
li
(1)Current Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 750 volts with an anode current of 1 micro-ampere for
5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube for a minute. The tube is
then re-illuminated by the previous light level for a minute to measure the
variation.
(2)Voltage Hysteresis
The tube is operated at 300 volts with an anode current of 0.1 micro-ampere
for 5 minutes. The light is then removed from the tube and the supply voltage
is quickly increased to 800 volts. After a minute, the supply voltage is then
reduced to the previous value and the tube is re-illuminated for a minute to
measure the variation.
TIME
5
0
6
7 (minutes)
TPMSB0002EA
Figure 2: Anode Luminous Sensitivity and Gain
Characteristics
TPMSB0003EB
108
100
IT
IV
60
IT
NS
107
TRAN
IT
SE
IV
SIT T
IT
E
NS
SE
106
IN
IM
GAIN
E
OD
AN
UM
105
10
8
6
M
100
IME
20
TIME (ns)
OD
AN
L
GA
CA
L
PI
CA
TY
TY
PI
101
IN
102
40
Y
ANODE LUMINOUS SENSITIVITY (A/lm)
103
TPMSB0004EB
80
Y
104
Figure 3: Typical Time Response
104
4
10–1
RISE
TIME
103
2
10–2
200
500
300
700
102
1500
1000
1
500
300
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
700
1000
1500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4: Typical Temperature Coefficient of Anode
Sensitivity
Figure 5: Typical Temperature Characteristic of Dark
Current (at 1000V, after 30minute storage)
TPMSB0005EA
TPMSB0006EA
160
100
800nm
140
600nm
ANODE DARK CURRENT (nA)
ANODE SENSITIVITY (%)
120
400nm
100
80
60
40
10
1
0.1
20
0
0.01
–40
–20
0
+20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+40
–40
–20
0
+20
TEMPERATURE (°C)
+40
PHOTOMULTlPLlER TUBES R928, R955
Figure 6: Dimensional Outline and Basing Diagram (Unit : mm)
28.5
1.5
T9
BULB
8MIN.
Hybrid Assembly of R928
H957-08
PHOTOCATHODE
DY5
5
DY6
6
7
94MAX.
80MAX.
8 DY8
DY3 3
49.0
2.5
24MIN.
DY4 4
DY7
DY2
The H957-08 integrates on R928, a voltage-divider circuit, and a high
voltage power supply into a compact magnetic shield case. It can be
readily operated by input of 15Vdc.
9 DY9
2
10 P
1
DY1
11
K
DIRECTION OF LIGHT
BOTTOM VIEW
(BASING DIAGRAM)
32.2
0.5
11 PIN BASE
JEDEC No. B11-88
TPMSA0008EA
Figure 7: Optional Accessories (Unit : mm)
Socket
D Type Socket Assembly E717-21
(E678 – 11A)
49
38
PMT
3.5
10
DY9
3.5
DY8
38.0 0.3
5
49.0 0.3
DY7
4.8
41.0 0.5
450 10
4
18
R10
C3
R9
C2
R8
C1
SIGNAL GND
SIGNAL OUTPUT RG-174/U
(BLACK)
POWER SUPPLY GND
AWG22 (BLACK)
9
8
7
R7
29
29
SOCKET
PIN No.
P
33
33.0 0.3
5
DY6
6
DY5
5
DY4
4
DY3
3
DY2
2
DY1
K
1
R6 R to R10 : 330k
C1 to C3 : 0.01 F
R5
31.0 0.5
R4
HOUSING
(INSULATOR)
POTTING
COMPOUND
R3
R2
R1
11
–HV
AWG22 (VIOLET)
TACCA0064EA
Hamamatsu also provides C4900 series compact high voltage power supplies and C6270 series DP type socket assemblies which incorporate a
DC to DC converter type high voltage power supply.
TACCA0002ED
Warning–Personal Safety Hazards
Electrical Shock–Operating voltages applied to this
device present a shock hazard.
HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS K.K., Electoron Tube Center
314-5, Shimokanzo, Toyooka-village, Iwata-gun, Shizuoka-ken, 438-0193, Japan, Telephone: (81)539/62-5248, Fax: (81)539/62-2205
U.S.A.: Hamamatsu Corporation: 360 Foothill Road, Bridgewater. N.J. 08807-0910, U.S.A., Telephone: (1)908-231-0960, Fax: (1)908-231-1218
Germany: Hamamatsu Photonics Deutschland GmbH: Arzbergerstr. 10, D-82211 Herrsching am Ammersee, Germany, Telephone: (49)8152-375-0, Fax: (49)8152-2658
France: Hamamatsu Photonics France S.A.R.L.: 8, Rue du Saule Trapu, Parc du Moulin de Massy, 91882 Massy Cedex, France, Telephone: (33)1 69 53 71 00, Fax: (33)1 69 53 71 10
United Kingdom: Hamamatsu Photonics UK Limted: Lough Point, 2 Gladbeck Way, Windmill Hill, Enfield, Middlesex EN2 7JA, United Kingdom, Telephone: (44)181-367-3560, Fax: (44)181-367-6384
North Europe: Hamamatsu Photonics Norden AB: Färögatan 7, S-164-40 Kista Sweden, Telephone: (46)8-703-29-50, Fax: (46)8-750-58-95
Italy: Hamamatsu Photonics Italia: S.R.L.: Via Della Moia, 1/E, 20020 Arese, (Milano), Italy, Telephone: (39)2-935 81 733, Fax: (39)2-935 81 741
TPMS1001E06
MAY. 1997