Chapter 11 Lesson 3 (E30-39) Study Guide
What Is Matter Made Of?
I. Elements & the Periodic Table
A. elements are substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances
B. there are more than 100 known elements arranged in the Periodic Table
C. the Periodic Table was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869
(Periodic means repeating in a pattern)
D. elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers
E. table includes each element’s:
1. Atomic Number (= # of protons & # of electrons)
2. Chemical Shorthand Symbol
3. Chemical Name
4. Atomic Weight ( = # of protons + # of neutrons)
8
O
Oxygen
16
8 protons, 8 electrons
8 protons plus 8 neutrons
II. Atoms
A. an atom is the smallest piece of an element that still has all the properties
(or characteristics) of that element
B. atoms make up all matter
C. atoms are too small to see with our eyes
D. there are over 100 different kinds of atoms
E. parts of an atom
1. nucleus- center of atom
2. proton- positively charged particle found in nucleus
3. neutron- particle with no electrical charge found in nucleus
4. electron- negatively charged particle that circles the nucleus in an orbit
called a shell
Diagram Showing Helium Atom
Chapter 11 Lesson 3 (E30-39) Study Guide
What Is Matter Made Of?
III. Mixtures
A. when two or more types of matter are combined
B. each type of matter keeps its original properties
C. fruit salad and trail mix are examples of mixtures
IV. Solutions
A. solutions are mixtures that are blended completely
B. salt and water is a solution of a solid and liquid
C. grape juice and water is a solution of a liquid and liquid
D. oxygen and nitrogen is a solution of two gases
V. Separating mixtures
A. physically pick out each type of matter
B. filter by size
C. a solid mixed in water can be separated by evaporation
VI. Alloys
A. mixtures of two or more elements, with at least one metal
B. used when elements can’t be used in their pure form
C. example: pure gold is too soft to be used as jewelry
VII. Compounds
A. form when two or more elements are combined chemically
B. water, table salt, and rust are examples of common compounds
C. the properties of a compound are different from the properties of the elements it is
made of
1. oxygen + hydrogen = water
2. sodium + chlorine = salt
3. oxygen + iron = rust
D. a compound can only be separated by chemical means