A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware

You Will Learn… z
That a computer requires both hardware and software to work z
About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer
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Hardware Needs Software to
Work z
Hardware
‹
Physical components of a computer
‹
Visible part of a system z
Software
‹
Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task
‹
The intelligence
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Functions of a Computer
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Binary Communication Between
Hardware and Software
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Binary Number System
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PC Hardware Components z
Outside computer case: input/output devices z
Inside the case: processing and storage
‹
CPU – most important component z
Requirements of a hardware device
‹
Method for CPU to communicate with it
‹
Software to instruct and control it
‹
Electricity to power it
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Hardware Used for Input and
Output z
Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) z
Popular input devices:
‹
Keyboard
‹
Mouse z
Popular output devices:
‹
Monitor
‹
Printer
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Ports
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Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components z z z
Processing
‹
CPU (most important)
‹
Chip set
Temporary storage
‹
RAM
‹
Cache memory
Electrical system
‹
Power supply connections z z
Communication with other devices
‹
‹
‹
Traces
Expansion slots
System clock
Programming/setup data
‹
Flash ROM
‹
CMOS setup chip
13
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

The Motherboard
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The Motherboard ( continued
)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set z
Controls most activities on the motherboard z
Includes several device controllers
‹
USB controller
‹
Memory controller
‹
IDE controller
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The Chip Set ( continued
)
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Storage Devices z
Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
‹
Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them
‹
Faster to access than permanent storage z
Permanent (secondary storage)
‹
Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing
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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

Primary and Secondary Storage
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Primary Storage Devices z
Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards
‹
Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory z
Types of boards that hold memory chips
‹
SIMMs
‹
DIMMs
‹
RIMMs
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RAM Chips
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Types of RAM Modules
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Secondary Storage Devices z
Hard drives z
CD-ROM drives z
DVD drives z
Zip drives z
Floppy drives
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Hard Drive
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EIDE Technology z
Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives z
Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
26
A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a
Motherboard ( continued
)
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
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Floppy Drive Connection
( continued
)
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CD-ROM Drive Connection
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Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices z
The data bus
‹
System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission
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The Bus and Bus Lines
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Data Bus
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System Clock
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Clock Speed z
Of motherboard
‹
Measured in megahertz (MHz) z
Of CPU
‹
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
( continued
)
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The Electrical System z
Power supply
‹
Most important component of computer’s electrical system
‹
Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle
‹
Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition

The Electrical System ( continued
)
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The Electrical System ( continued
)
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Instructions Stored on the
Motherboard z
ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
‹
System BIOS
‹
Startup BIOS
‹
CMOS setup z
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and
Plug and Play technologies
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ROM BIOS Chip
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Motherboard Configuration
Settings z
CMOS chip
‹
Stores setup (configuration) information
‹
Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off z
Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches
48
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CMOS Configuration Chip
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Setting Jumpers
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Using DIP Switches
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Summary z
Introduction to hardware components of a computer system z
Initial insight into how hardware works
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