Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability
Documents
Telcordia Technologies Roadmap Series
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Copyright Page
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
This document, ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1, Issue 7, July 2012, replaces
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1, Issue 6, October 2011.
Technical contact:
Spilios Makris, Ph.D.
Director, Reliability and Risk Services
Telcordia Technologies
444 Hoes Lane, Room 4A633
Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: + 1.732.699.3207
E-Mail: smakris@telcordia.com
To obtain copies of this document, contact your company’s document coordinator or your
Telcordia account manager, or call + 1.732.699.5828 (Worldwide), or visit the Telcordia
SuperStore at http://telecom-info.telcordia.com.
Copyright © 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010-2012 Telcordia Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Any unauthorized distribution, download, or sale of Telcordia copyrighted material is strictly
prohibited.
Trademark Acknowledgments
Telcordia is a registered trademark and AXESS Point Service is a service mark of Telcordia Technologies, Inc.
All other brand or product names are trademarks of their respective companies or organizations.
ii
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Roadmap Series Notice of Disclaimer
Roadmap Series Notice of Disclaimer
This Roadmap Series document is published by Telcordia Technologies to inform
the industry of the Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents. Telcordia
reserves the right to revise this document for any reason (consistent with applicable
provisions of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and applicable FCC rules).
TELCORDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESSED OR
IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE SUFFICIENCY, ACCURACY, OR UTILITY OF
ANY INFORMATION OR OPINION CONTAINED HEREIN.
TELCORDIA EXPRESSLY ADVISES THAT ANY USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON
SAID INFORMATION OR OPINION IS AT THE RISK OF THE USER AND THAT
TELCORDIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OR INJURY INCURRED
BY ANY PERSON ARISING OUT OF THE SUFFICIENCY, ACCURACY, OR UTILITY
OF ANY INFORMATION OR OPINION CONTAINED HEREIN.
LOCAL CONDITIONS MAY GIVE RISE TO A NEED FOR ADDITIONAL
PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATIONS, MODIFICATIONS, OR SAFEGUARDS TO
MEET SITE, EQUIPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OR COMPANY-SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS. IN NO EVENT IS THIS INFORMATION INTENDED TO
REPLACE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, OR OTHER APPLICABLE CODES, LAWS,
OR REGULATIONS. SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS WILL CONTAIN VARIABLES
UNKNOWN TO OR BEYOND THE CONTROL OF TELCORDIA. AS A RESULT,
TELCORDIA CANNOT WARRANT THAT THE APPLICATION OF THIS
INFORMATION WILL PRODUCE THE TECHNICAL RESULT OR SAFETY
ORIGINALLY INTENDED.
This Roadmap document is not to be construed as a suggestion to anyone to modify
or change any product or service, nor does this document represent any
commitment by anyone, including but not limited to Telcordia in the development
of this Roadmap document, to purchase, manufacture, or sell any product with the
described characteristics.
Readers are specifically advised that any entity may have needs, specifications, or
requirements different from the generic descriptions herein. Therefore, anyone
wishing to know any entity’s needs, specifications, or requirements should
communicate directly with that entity.
Nothing contained herein shall be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel,
or otherwise any license or right under any patent, whether or not the use of any
information herein necessarily employs an invention of any existing or later issued
patent.
TELCORDIA DOES NOT HEREBY RECOMMEND, APPROVE, CERTIFY,
WARRANT, GUARANTEE, OR ENDORSE ANY PRODUCTS, PROCESSES, OR
SERVICES, AND NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN IS INTENDED OR SHOULD BE
UNDERSTOOD AS ANY SUCH RECOMMENDATION, APPROVAL,
CERTIFICATION, WARRANTY, GUARANTY, OR ENDORSEMENT TO ANYONE.
iii
Roadmap Series Notice of Disclaimer
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
For general information about this or any other Telcordia documents, please
contact:
Telcordia Customer Service
444 Hoes Lane, Room 1B180
Piscataway, NJ 08854
+ 1.732.699.5828 (Worldwide)
+ 1.732.336.2226 (FAX)
e-mail: document-info@telcordia.com
web site: http://telecom-info.telcordia.com
iv
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1 Introduction
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
The Telcordia Roadmap to Technology Series
History of Telcordia Generic Requirements .
Organization of this Document . . . . . . . .
Changes in Issue 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Reliability Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Definition of Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost of Reliability and Quality to LECs/Service Providers
Reliability and Quality Generic Requirements (RQGR) . .
Scope of this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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2 Overview of Reliability and Quality (R&Q)
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3 Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia Documents
3.1 Cumulative List of Reliability and Quality Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–1
3.2 Reliability and Quality of Equipment Documents, Abstracts, and Tables of
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
3.3 Additional Reliability and Quality Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . 3–28
4 Reliability and Quality Subject Index
5 Telcordia Contacts and General Information
5.1 The Importance of Telcordia Generic Requirements . . . . .
5.1.1 The Value and Role of Telcordia Generic Requirements
5.1.2 Why Participate in Telcordia Generic Requirements? . .
5.2 Telcordia Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 General Document Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1 Telcordia Information SuperStore . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.2 Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.3 AXESSSM Point Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.4 GR Testing and Consulting Services\ . . . . . . . . . . .
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5–1
5–2
5–3
5–3
5–3
5–4
5–4
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms
A.1 Glossary - Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A–1
A.2 Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A–7
v
Table of Contents
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ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 4-1
Subject-Document Cross-Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4–1
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List of Tables
viii
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Foreword
Foreword
For over 20 years, Telcordia Technologies has been in the business of not only
developing top-of-the-line products for the telecommunications industry, but also
writing documents for these products (see About Telcordia Technologies for a
detailed look at the company history).
One particular technology area that has amassed a particularly high number of
invaluable reference sources is the Telcordia Generic Requirements product line,
which includes legacy Technical Advisories (TAs) and Technical References (TRs),
as well as the extensive list of Generic Requirements (GRs). These documents are
technical specifications for new, as well as existing, technologies or services. These
proposed requirements are developed to provide customers with timely, high-quality
solutions to address their needs in areas such as:
• Interface Specifications
• Equipment Capabilities
• Performance Characteristics: Quality and Reliability.
The published documents are widely utilized and referenced. They address a broad
range of technologies such as voice to data to video; cable to optical fiber; to
wireless and transport; to routing, switching, and signaling; and services including
reliability, engineering, operations, and maintenance. So broad a range, in fact, that
finding exactly what you need for your company can be a daunting task. And, to add
to this complexity, Telcordia also produces a multitude of Special Reports (SRs)
that discuss general topics of interest in these range of technologies.
Telcordia, with a long history of being proactive in industry, is doing something to
help you find what you need. We’re doing the research for you.
With the Roadmap to Technology series, Telcordia is helping you find the exact
document you need if you are interested in a particular GR technology. In each
Roadmap document, we have compiled an extensive list of all the relevant
documents for that technology, with abstracts for each. We also provide an abridged
Table of Contents for each document, and an index to topic areas. You can search
by document title or by topic area.
The documents also contain background information on the technology area - a
quick tutorial on the technology and its evolution - and feature handy reference
material on other Telcordia products, Telcordia contacts, and a how-to guide for
searching the Telcordia websites.
The Roadmap to Technology series will be evolving, so make sure to regularly check
back with Telcordia to check on its status.
ix
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Foreword
About Telcordia Technologies
As the global leader in the development of mobile, broadband and enterprise
software and services, Telcordia is known for getting it right the first time. Our
unparalleled depth of expertise allows us to fully understand our customers’
challenges — no matter how complex — respond appropriately, and deliver as
promised. Simply stated, we enable communications service providers to operate
more efficiently, drive revenues, and deploy innovative, differentiated new services.
With more than 800 customers in 55 countries, more than 1,800 patents issued, and
numerous industry awards, our globally renowned expertise in mobile, broadband
and enterprise software and services stems from more than 25 years of
communications leadership.
Headquartered in Piscataway, New Jersey (USA), we have more than 50 offices
worldwide. Let's talk about your needs. We'll get it right, so you can meet your
challenges, grow your business, and achieve your aspirations.
For more information about Telcordia Technologies, contact your local account
executive or call: + 1.732.699.5828 (Worldwide), or visit our Web site at
http://telecom-info.telcordia.com.
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Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Introduction
1 Introduction
This Telcordia Roadmap to Technology document, ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1,
is a handy reference guide to all essential Telcordia documents related to Reliability.
It contains a listing of the Generic Requirements (GR), Special Reports (SR), and
Technical Reference (TR) documents that Telcordia has published on the
technology, and also features an abridged Table of Contents for each as well as a
detailed index.
1.1 The Telcordia Roadmap to Technology Series
Telcordia Technologies has a long history of being proactive in the
telecommunications industry. Therefore, it is not surprising that we are responding
to the industry’s request to provide an avenue for our customers to find what they
need and when they need it.
With the Roadmap to Technology series, Telcordia is helping you find the exact
document you need if you are interested in a particular GR technology. In each
Roadmap document, we have compiled an extensive list of all the relevant
documents for that technology, with abstracts for each. We also provide an abridged
Table of Contents for each document, and an index to topic areas. You can search
by document title or by topic area.
The documents also contain background information on the technology area - a
quick tutorial on the technology and its evolution - and feature handy reference
material on other Telcordia products, Telcordia contacts, and a how-to guide for
searching the Telcordia websites.
1.2 History of Telcordia Generic Requirements
Telcordia Technologies, Inc. (formerly Bellcore) was created during the divestiture
of the Bell System, in 1984, to serve as the center of technological expertise and
innovation for the newly formed seven Regional Bell Operating Companies
(RBOCs). Originally those RBOCs were the major clients and participants (then
called funders) of Telcordia, and therefore, the primary participants and audience
for the information products that resulted from the sharing of their ideas and
expertise, i.e., Generic Requirements (GRs). The GRs were just that, generic in
nature, and were developed in a phased process that started with a preliminary
Framework Advisory (FA), followed by a Technical Advisory (TA), and then a more
mature document known as a Technical Reference (TR). These GRs promoted the
development of most of the telecommunications technologies we use today.
The multiple audiences for these documents consisted of primary users (those who
made decisions−planners or participants, such as the RBOCs, or acted on the
information−implementers or technical analysts) and secondary users (those
affected by the decisions and actions). The RBOCs used the Generic Requirements
to describe the technical details of products they wished to have their suppliers
design. The purpose of the generic requirements was and still is to promote
interoperability, network reliability, and integrity.
1–1
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Introduction
With the inception of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (TA96), the GR
development process was broadened. Under TA96, industry-wide Generic
Requirements from non-credited organizations, such as Telcordia, are established
through processes that are open to funding and participation by all interested
parties. Invitations for Participation and the participation fees are posted online at
the Generic Requirements web site.
Telcordia may also solicit general industry non-proprietary comments regarding a
GR at publication and for the life of any GR issue. While unsolicited comments are
welcome, work effort by Telcordia regarding such comments depends on the degree
of funding support for such GR work.
Telcordia GRs Today
Telcordia GRs promote revenue opportunities and contribute to cost savings
throughout the industry. They help service providers plan their networks and
purchase equipment for use in and with those networks. Moreover, suppliers have
benefited from Telcordia GRs when designing their products to meet the needs of
their customers.
GRs are widely accepted. For example, the FCC’s Network Reliability Council
(NRC) 1996 survey found Telcordia GRs to be the most widely used reference on
network reliability and integrity within the industry.
Telcordia GRs offer timely, high-quality, implementable solutions that customers
can consider. To achieve this, Telcordia provides leadership and the technical and
editorial resources to produce GRs that satisfy deliverable milestones. Also, the
process has been replaced by one document called a GR-CORE. Mostly open,
closed, and pending technical issues are shared through a companion document
called a GR-ILR (GR Issues List Report).
Section 5.1 describes the Value and Role of Telcordia GRs and the benefits of
funding and participating in Telcordia GR projects.
1.3 Organization of this Document
The remainder of the document is organized as follows:
• Section 2, “Overview of Reliability and Quality (R&Q),” provides a highlevel look at Reliability and reviews its history.
• Section 3, “Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia
Documents,” lists all the Telcordia documents related to the subject area. The
section includes an informative abstract and an abridged Table of Contents for
each document.
• Section 4, “Reliability and Quality Subject Index,” provides a detailed
subject listing that cites each document in which the information is found. When
you find the relevant subject area, the abridged Table of Contents can point you
to the actual section.
• Section 5, “Telcordia Contacts and General Information,” provides
contact information on the specific technology, general document ordering
1–2
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ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Introduction
instructions, information on other selected Telcordia technologies, and
information for useful websites.
• Appendix A provides a glossary derived from the documents listed in Section 3
and a detailed acronym list.
1.4 Changes in Issue 7
Issue 7 replaces Issue 6 and includes changes to the Reliability documents that have
been updated since October 2011. In particular, GR-63-CORE, NEBSTM
Requirements: Physical Protection, was reissued in 2012 with several technical
changes. Also, SR-1171, Methods and Procedures for System Reliability Analysis,
was reissued to align with the latest issue of SR-332, Reliability Prediction
Procedure for Electronic Equipment.
1–3
Introduction
1–4
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Overview of Reliability and Quality (R&Q)
2 Overview of Reliability and Quality (R&Q)
This section provides a high-level overview of reliability and quality.
2.1 Reliability Concepts
Electronic systems must perform their primary or initial functions. They must also
continue to operate (without failure) for a period of time dictated by economics and
the customer’s needs. The ability to operate satisfactorily over a period of time is
called “reliability.”
Because electronic systems consist of electronic components (devices), a system’s
reliability depends on the reliability of its components in the application
environment. It is impossible to predict the life or degradation rate of any individual
electronic component. However, it is possible to treat large populations of such
components statistically with acceptable results. The statistical behavior of the
components can then be related to the statistical behavior of the entire system.
Engineering decisions can be based on such statistical assessments. The
introduction of probability is an admission that a complex electronic system that
will not fail in some specified period of time cannot be designed. However, the
reliability tools available permit the system designer to secure, in general, a failure
probability that is essentially as low as desired, provided that the cost factors are
acceptable.
2.2 Definition of Reliability
In general, reliability is defined as the probability that an item will perform a
required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time.
In the Telcordia view, reliability is defined as a measure of the frequency of
equipment failures as a function of time. Reliability ensures the uninterrupted
performance, robustness, and high quality of products intended for use as network
elements in a telecommunications network.
2.3 Cost of Reliability and Quality to LECs/Service Providers
A service provider annually procures tens of millions of dollars of
telecommunications equipment to provide interexchange and exchange access
services. The quality of the services provided has considerable importance to both
residence and business customers. Products used to provide these services must
meet exact R&Q levels if service providers are to provide high levels of service at
acceptable costs.
Studies indicate that reliability-related maintenance and operations expenses
incurred by a LEC equal a large fraction of its initial capital expenses. As product
reliability improves, these ongoing expenses are substantially reduced. Other
studies have shown that the Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) associated with
telecommunications products is a substantial fraction of shipped equipment value.
It is obviously in the interest of suppliers, LECs, and end customers to reduce these
2–1
Overview of Reliability and Quality (R&Q)
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
costs while ensuring highly reliable telecommunications services. Much of this task
lies with the product suppliers, because R&Q improvements hinge on changes to
products or the processes by which they are developed, produced, tested, installed,
and supported.
Several Telcordia documents provide methods that support various R&Q activities
such as reliability prediction, product source inspection, and supplier data
programs. Studies indicate that the earlier problems are uncovered in a product’s
life cycle, the lower life cycle costs become for both the supplier and the product
owners. The Telcordia view of R&Q places heavy emphasis on ensuring that
customer requirements are met early in a product’s life cycle, and that these
requirements are maintained over the normal range of operating conditions.
2.4 Reliability and Quality Generic Requirements (RQGR)
The Family of Requirements for Reliability and Quality of Equipment,
FR-RELIABILITY-QUALITY-01, is a collection of Telcordia documents that
define generic requirements necessary to ensure the uninterrupted performance,
robust reliability, and high quality of products intended for use as network elements
in a telecommunications network. This collection includes documents that outline
processes and procedures for ensuring high quality and reliability of
telecommunications networks.
2.5 Scope of this Document
The scope of this Roadmap Series document includes reliability information for the
following broad subject areas:
• Software
• Hardware
• Components
• Testing
• Network Reliability
• Manufacturing
• Measurements
• Reliability Predictions
• Optical Components
• System Reliability
• Device Reliability
• Certification and Testing.
For a complete listing of subject areas, refer to Section 4.
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ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia Documents
3 Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia Documents
This section provides a listing of all the Telcordia documents related to reliability
and quality. Telcordia has bundled the key Reliability and Quality documents into a
comprehensive document set, FR-RELIABILITY-QUALITY-01, Family of
Requirements for Reliability and Quality of Equipment.
Section 3.1, “Cumulative List of Reliability and Quality Documents,” lists all the
Telcordia documents related to Reliability and Quality. Section 3.2 and Section 3.3
provide Document Abstracts and Tables of Contents, which provide an abstract and
an abridged table of contents for each document.
Section 3.2 provides document information for reliability and quality of equipment.
Section 3.3 lists supporting documents that provide additional reliability and
quality-related information.
3.1 Cumulative List of Reliability and Quality Documents
This section lists Reliability and Quality documents in alphanumerical order.
• GR-63-CORE, NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection.
• GR-78-CORE, Generic Requirements for the Physical Design and
Manufacture of Telecommunications Products and Equipment.
• GR-82-CORE, Signaling Transfer Point (STP) Generic Requirements.
• GR-282-CORE, Software Reliability and Quality Acceptance Criteria
(SRQAC).
• GR-284-CORE, Reliability and Quality Switching Systems Generic
Requirements (RQSSGR).
• GR-326-CORE, Generic Requirements for Singlemode Optical Connectors and
Jumper Assemblies.
• GR-357-CORE, Generic Requirements for Assuring the Reliability of
Components Used in Telecommunications Equipment.
• GR-418-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Fiber Optic
Transport Systems.
• GR-449-CORE, Generic Requirements and Design Considerations for Fiber
Distributing Frames.
• GR-468-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Optoelectronic Devices Used in Telecommunications Equipment.
• GR-487-CORE, Generic Requirements for Electronic Equipment Cabinets.
• GR-508-CORE, Automatic Message Accounting (AMA).
• GR-512-CORE, LSSGR: Reliability, Section 12.
• GR-513-CORE, Power Requirements in Telecommunications Plant (LSSGR
Section 13).
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Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
• GR-844-CORE, Network Maintenance Access and Testing TSC/RTU Generic
Requirements for Metallic Loop Testing.
• GR-910-CORE, Generic Requirements for Fiber Optic Attenuators.
• GR-929-CORE, Reliability and Quality Measurements for
Telecommunications Systems (RQMS-Wireline).
• GR-974-CORE, Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line
Protector Units (TLPUs).
• GR-1110-CORE, Broadband Switching System (BSS) Generic Requirements.
• GR-1221-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Passive
Optical Components.
• GR-1241-CORE, Supplemental Service Control Point (SCP) Generic
Requirements.
• GR-1274-CORE, Generic Requirements for Reliability Qualification Testing
of Printed Wiring Assemblies Exposed to Airborne Hygroscopic Dust.
• GR-1280-CORE, Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) Service Control Point
(SCP) Generic Requirements.
• GR-1312-CORE, Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber Amplifiers and
Proprietary Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Systems.
• GR-1315-CORE, In-Process Quality Metrics (IPQMTM).
• GR-1323-CORE, Supplier Data - Comprehensive Generic Requirements.
• GR-1339-CORE, Generic Reliability Requirements for Digital Cross-Connect
Systems.
• GR-1929-CORE, Reliability and Quality Measurements for
Telecommunications Systems (RQMS-Wireless).
• GR-2813-CORE, Generic Requirements for Software Reliability Prediction.
• GR-2840-CORE, Generic Requirements for Environmental Stressing Applied
to Telecommunications Products.
• GR-2841-CORE, Generic Requirements for Operations System Platform
Reliability.
• GR-2853-CORE, Generic Requirements for AM/Digital Video Laser
Transmitters, Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Receivers.
• GR-2888-CORE, Generic Requirements for Hardware Used to Install
Broadband Coaxial Networks.
• GR-2903-CORE, Reliability Assurance Practices for Fiber Optic Data Links.
• GR-2912-CORE, Generic Requirements for Reliability in Manufacturing.
• GR-2914-CORE, Human Factors Requirements for Equipment to Improve
Network Reliability.
• GR-2969-CORE, Generic Requirements for the Design and Manufacture of
Short-Life Information Handling Products and Equipment.
3–2
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ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Your Roadmap to Reliability and Quality Telcordia Documents
• GR-3013-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Optoelectronic Devices Used in Short-Life, Information-Handling Products
and Equipment.
• GR-3020-CORE, Nickel Cadmium Batteries in the Outside Plant.
• SR-332, Reliability Prediction Procedure for Electronic Equipment.
• SR-NWT-000821, Field Reliability Performance Study Handbook.
• SR-TSY-001130, Reliability and System Architecture Testing.
• SR-1171, Methods and Procedures for System Reliability Analysis.
• SR-TSY-001369, Introduction to Reliability of Laser Diodes and Modules.
• SR-1547, The Analysis and Use of Software Reliability and Quality Data.
• SR-NWT-002419, Software Architecture Review Checklists.
• SR-NWT-002855, Optical Isolators Reliability Issues and Proposed Tests.
• SR-3244, Reliability Concerns with Lightwave Components.
• SR-4087, Physical Design Certification of Bare Printed Boards.
• SR-4407, Adhesive Certification.
• SR-4408, Flux Certification.
• SR-4409, Legend Ink, Marking Ink and Adhesive Label Certification.
• SR-4410, Solder Mask, Conformal Coating, and Repair Polymer Certification.
• SR-4568, Separable Electrical Connector Certification.
• SR-4808, Printed Board Assembly Certification.
• SR-4935, Connector to Cable Assembly Certification.
• TR-TSY-000389, Supplier Data Program Analysis.
• TR-TSY-000438, The Quality Measurement Plan (QMP).
• TR-NWT-000870, Electrostatic Discharge Control in the Manufacture of
Telecommunications Equipment.
• TR-NWT-000930, Generic Requirements for Hybrid Microcircuits Used in
Telecommunications Equipment.
• TR-NWT-001037, Statistical Process Control Program Generic Requirements.
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3.2 Reliability and Quality of Equipment Documents, Abstracts, and Tables of
Contents
This section provides a Document Abstract and Table of Contents for each
document related to Reliability and Quality of Equipment. Each document can be
purchased individually or as a set. FR-RELIABILITY-QUALITY-01 is the ordering
number for purchasing the complete set of documents listed in this section.
GR-63-CORE, NEBS Requirements: Physical Protection
This document is the “backbone” of the NEBS program and identifies the minimum
spatial and environmental criteria for all new telecommunications equipment used
in Central Offices (COs) and other environmentally controlled telephone equipment
spaces. They are applicable to switching and transport systems, associated Cable
Distribution Systems (CDSs), Distributing and Interconnecting Frames (DFs and
IFs), power equipment, operations support systems, and Cable Entrance Facilities
(CEFs). Compliance with these requirements may increase network robustness,
simplify equipment installation, and promote the economical planning, engineering
and operation of equipment spaces.
Telecommunications equipment, by nature of its physical installation in a building,
may be exposed to environmental stresses. The generic criteria presented in this
document are intended to help avoid equipment damage and malfunction caused by
such things as extreme temperature and humidity, vibrations, airborne
contaminants, minimize fire ignitions and fire spread, as well as provide for
improved space planning, simplified equipment installation and increased energy
efficiency.
Issue 4 includes the following updated information:
• Criteria for equipment cooling air-inlet and exhaust locations are revised and
clarified.
• Operating temperature test conditions are now a function of the equipmentcooling air-inlet location.
• A detailed heat dissipation calculation procedure is provided for frame ad shelflevel equipment.
• Fire resistance test methods are updated to address specific service provider
• Unpackaged shock-testing levels for field-replaceable units and smaller chassis
are more closely aligned with other standards and the expected levels
encountered during installation
• The Office Vibration test now includes an option for a random vibration method
that is aligned with other standards.
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Contents
1.Introduction
1.1 Purpose and Scope
1.2 Telecommunications Service Provider (TSP) Role
1.3 Equipment Manufacturer Role
1.4 Application Guidelines
1.5 Reasons for GR-63-CORE, Issue 4
1.6 Structure and Use of This Document
1.7 Related Documents
1.8 Requirements Terminology
1.9 Requirement Labeling Conventions
1.10 Supplier-Provided Documentation
2. Facility and Space Planning Requirements
2.1 Equipment Frames and Lineup Conformity
2.2 Floor Plans
2.3 Vertical Space Allocation
2.4 Space Planning for Distributing Frames (DFs)
2.5 Space Planning for Centralized DC Power Plant Equipment
2.6 Cable Distribution Systems (CDSs)
2.7 Operations Support systems (OSSs)
2.8 Cable Entrance Facility (CEF)
2.9 Summary of Equipment Allocations
2.10 Equipment Room Cooling Systems
2.11 Airborne Contaminants Within the Equipment Room
2.12 Illumination of Equipment Spaces
3. Equipment Spatial Design Requirements for Frames and Chassis
3.1 Equipment Frame Nomenclature
3.2 Equipment Frame Floor Mounting
3.3 Equipment Frame Junctioning
3.4 Equipment Frame Dimensions
3.5 Equipment Frame Cable Management Provisions
3.6 Equipment Frame Weight
3.7 Equipment Frame Support of CDS and Lights
3.8 AC Convenience Outlets Within Equipment Frames
3.9 Other Frame Types — Distributing and Interconnecting Frames
3.10 DC Power Plant Equipment Frames
3.11 Equipment-Chassis Mounting Requirements
4. Network Equipment — Environmental Criteria
4.1 Temperature, Humidity, and Altitude Criteria
4.2 Fire Resistance
4.3 Equipment Handling Criteria
4.4 Earthquake, Office Vibration, and Transportation Vibration
4.5 Airborne Contaminants
4.6 Acoustic Noise
4.7 Illumination
5. Network Equipment — Environmental Test Methods
5.1 Temperature, Humidity, and Altitude Test Methods
5.2 Fire Test Methods
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5.3 Handling Test Methods
5.4 Earthquake, Office Vibration, and Transportation Vibration Test Methods
5.5 Airborne Contaminants Test Methods
5.6 Acoustical Measurement Methodology
5.7 Illumination Test Methods for Network Equipment
Appendix A: References
Appendix B: Acronyms
GR-78-CORE, Generic Requirements for the Physical Design and
Manufacture of Telecommunications Products and Equipment
GR-78 contains the key industry requirements for how to design and build reliable
electronics for telecom network use. It is unique in its focus on telecommunications
applications and environments for electronic systems. The NEBS requirements
contained in GR-78 apply to design, engineering, manufacturing, and workmanship.
The value of GR-78 includes Industry-Accepted Requirements, RBOC Acceptance,
Good Engineering Practices, NEBS Compliance, and Wide-Ranging Topics Covered
in a Single Resource.
Issue 2 highlights include the following: clarifies the industry position on the use of
Lead (Pb)-free solder; allows for alternative finishes such as immersion silver, etc.;
reduces minimum board insulation and lamination thicknesses; modifies minimum
fiber bend radius, solder mask thickness, and connector lubrication requirements;
revises dimensional requirements; connector criteria to allow for lower cycle
connectors for some applications; and dimensional and plating limits for platedthrough holes.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Requirements for All Products
2.1 General
2.2 Electrical and Mechanical Integrity
2.3 Administration of Requirements
3. Materials and Finishes Requirements
3.1 General
3.2 Materials
3.3 Finishes
4. Separable Connector Requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Two-Part and PWB Edge Card Connectors
4.3 Insulation Displacement Connectors (IDCs)
5. Wire and Cable Requirements
5.1 Metallic Wire and Cable
5.2 Optical Fiber and Optical Fiber Cables
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6. Printed Wiring Board (PWB) Requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Multilayer PWBs - General Requirements
6.3 PWBs for Surface Mounting
6.4 PWBs for Backpanels
6.5 Encapsulated Discrete Wire (EDW) Interconnection Boards
7. Printed Wiring Board (PWB) Assembly Requirements
7.1 General
7.2 PWB Assemblies - Through-Hole Mounted Components
7.3 PWB Assemblies - Surface Mounted Components (SMCs)
7.4 Backpanel PWB Assemblies
8. Equipment Sub-Assembly and Assembly Requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Manufacturing
8.3 Equipment Modifications
8.4 Performance
9. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
9.1 General
9.2 Susceptibility
9.3 ESD Resistance
9.4 Circuit Pack ESD Test Methods and Requirements
9.5 ESD Labeling Requirements
10. Product Identification and Markings Requirements
11. Package Requirements
11.1 General
11.2 Shipping of Assemblies
12. Repair and Modification of Customer Return Units
12.1 General
12.2 Marking
12.3 Repairs
13. Qualification Test Procedures
13.1 Corrosiveness of Soldering Fluxes
13.2 Polymeric Coatings and Adhesive Materials
13.3 Separable Connector and Socketed Component Lubricant Qualification
13.4 Qualification of Additive Circuitry for Bare PWB Modifications
14. Test and Methods
14.1 General
14.2 Metal Finishes
14.3 PWBs
14.4 Insulation Resistance Testing
14.5 Solvent Extract Conductivity Testing
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GR-282-CORE, Software Reliability and Quality Acceptance Criteria
(SRQAC)
GR-282 specifies the Telcordia view of the software reliability and quality
acceptance criteria for telecommunications software in switching, transport, voice
mail, service control, support systems, and more.
Telecom service providers are making significant gains in deploying many new types
of wireless, VoIP, and triple play services along with data-centric applications
requiring precise criteria for accepting software from software suppliers and third
party software vendors.
The reliability and quality acceptance criteria in GR-282 are applied at system test,
from system test to First Office Application (FOA), and from FOA testing to General
Availability (GA). It includes acceptance criteria for all types of software including
software patches, firmware, and maintenance releases; and standardizes the
software acceptance process into a precise methodology.
Contents
1. General Information
2. Introduction
2.1 Scope
2.2 Reasons for Reissue
2.3 Related Telcordia Documents
2.4 Organization
2.5 Requirements Terminology
2.6 Requirement Labeling Conventions
3. Acceptance Criteria for System Test
3.1 Planning for System Test
3.2 Entry Criteria for System Test
3.3 System Test
3.4 Exit Criteria for System Test
4. Acceptance Criteria for First Office Application (FOA)
4.1 Planning for FOA
4.2 Entry Criteria for FOA
4.3 FOA Test
4.4 Exit Criteria for FOA
5. Acceptance Criteria for General Availability (GA)
5.1 Entry Criteria for GA
6. Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test
6.1 Planning for Interoperability Test
6.2 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test
6.3 Interoperability Test
6.4 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test
7. Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
7.1 Planning for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
7.2 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
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7.3 Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
7.4 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
8. Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test of Wireless System Software
8.1 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test of Wireless Systems Software
8.2 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test of Wireless Systems Software
9. Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test of VoIP System Software
9.1 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test of VoIP Systems Software
9.2 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test of VoIP Systems Software
10. Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test of xPON System Software
10.1 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test of xPON System Software
10.2 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test of xPON System Software
Appendix A: Acceptance Criteria for System Test - Details
A.1 Planning for System Test
A.2 Entry Criteria for System Test
A.3 System Test
A.4 Exit Criteria for System Test
Appendix B: Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test - Details
B.1 Planning for Interoperability Test
B.2 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test
B.3 Interoperability Test
B.4 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test
Appendix C: Acceptance Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software Details
C.1 Planning for Interoperability Test
C.2 Entry Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
C.3 Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
C.4 Exit Criteria for Interoperability Test of Third Party Software
GR-284-CORE, Reliability and Quality Switching Systems Generic
Requirements (RQSSGR)
This document provides the Telcordia view of generic reliability and quality (R&Q)
requirements and objectives for switching systems. It includes R&Q requirements
and objectives for system design and architecture; manufacturing and production;
and in-service performance and product support.
1. Introduction
2. System Design and Architecture
2.1 Introduction
2.2 System Reliability Performance
2.3 Hardware Design and Architecture
2.4 Software Design and Architecture
2.5 Conformance to Requirements
3. Manufacturing and Production
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Testing
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3.3 Component and Device Reliability
3.4 Product Inspection
3.5 Supplier Data Program
3.6 Quality Program
3.7 Manufacturing Program
3.8 Periodic Product and Process Requalification
4. In-Service Performance and Product Support
4.1 In-Service Performance
4.2 Product Support
GR-357-CORE, Generic Requirements for Assuring the Reliability of
Components Used in Telecommunications Equipment
This document contains the Telcordia view of generic requirements for assuring the
reliability of components used in telecommunications equipment. In the
manufacturing of telecommunications equipment, the proper selection and
application of electrical components is the responsibility of the manufacturer and its
design and component engineering organizations. In its interactions with
manufacturers, however, Telcordia has found that component selection,
qualification, and lot acceptance practices vary widely. Recognizing that good
component reliability is essential for good equipment reliability, Telcordia has
defined a set of NEBS requirements that, in the Telcordia view, are reasonable and
would help ensure satisfactory device reliability in a manufacturer’s products. This
document covers components of all types used in the manufacture of
telecommunications hardware purchased by telecommunications service providers,
including silicon and gallium arsenide integrated circuits, and discrete and passive
devices. A basic premise is that component reliability is best assured by the
equipment manufacturer through component and component manufacturer
qualification, lot-to-lot quality and reliability controls, proper storage and handling,
adequate documentation, and feedback and corrective action.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Ensuring Component Reliability - General Information
2.1 Quality Versus Reliability
2.2 Component and Component Manufacturer Qualification Programs
2.3 Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Control
2.4 Feedback and Corrective Action Programs
2.5 ESD Damage
2.6 Device Manufacturer’s Monitor Programs
2.7 Summary
3. Device Quality Levels
3.1 Normal System Requirements
3.2 Exceptions
3.3 Quality Level Determination
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4. Component and Component Manufacturer Qualification Practices
4.1 Controls on Component Use
4.2 Component Manufacturer Qualification Procedures
4.3 Component Qualification Practices
4.4 Required Qualification Tests, Sequences, and Sample Plans
4.5 Acceptable Alternative Part Qualification Practices
4.6 Qualification Testing for GaAs Devices
5. Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Control
5.1 Lot Acceptance Testing Considerations
5.2 Quality and Reliability Audits
5.3 Treatment of Failed Lots
5.4 Summary of Vendor History Data
5.5 Additional Considerations
5.6 Required Lot Acceptance Tests for Different Device Types
5.7 Acceptable Alternative Lot-to-Lot Control Practices
5.8 Lot Acceptance Tests for GaAs Devices
6. Feedback and Corrective Action Programs
6.1 Need for Feedback and Corrective Action Programs
6.2 Sources of Data
6.3 Data Summary and Analysis
7. Component Storage and Handling
7.1 Flow of Materials
7.2 Material Review System
7.3 Stockroom Inventory Practices
7.4 Handling of ESD-Sensitive Components
8. Documentation, Test Data, and Other Component Information
8.1 Summaries of Relevant Documentation and Management Reports
8.2 Availability of, and Access to, Relevant Information
9. Special Test Methods/Criteria
9.1 Temperature-Humidity-Bias (THB) Testing
9.2 Flammability Testing
9.3 ESD Threshold
10. Model Component Reliability Assurance Checklist
Appendix A: Lot Tolerance Percent Defective Tables
Appendix B: Acceptable Quality Level Tables
Appendix C: Relationship Between Various Tests and Test Schedules
Appendix D: Example of Comprehensive Component Engineering Program
GR-418-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Fiber Optic
Transport Systems
This document presents the Telcordia view of generic reliability assurance
requirements for fiber optic transport Network Elements (NEs) and systems. This
GR complements other Telcordia documents that provide common and system-
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specific feature, function, and performance criteria. The proposed criteria within
this document apply to all fiber optic transport NEs and systems, as well as other
types of NEs with fiber optic interfaces used in interoffice and loop applications.
Such equipment includes fiber optic end terminals and Terminal Multiplexers
(TMs), Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs), Digital Cross-connect Systems (DCSs),
feeder transport equipment, and Fiber-in-the-Loop (FITL) systems. This GR is
intended to provide a concise reference of reliability/quality assurance criteria
applicable to any of the above fiber optic products. It is directed toward an
equipment supplier’s design engineering, manufacturing, and reliability/quality
organizations.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. System Reliability and Service Availability Criteria
2.1 Reliability Definitions
2.2 Interoffice Applications
2.3 Loop Applications
2.4 Operations System Reliability Criteria
2.5 Additional System Reliability Criteria
2.6 Equipment Maintenance
2.7 Infant Mortality Criteria
2.8 Procedures for Calculating Failure Rates of Circuit Packs and Modules
2.9 Procedures for Calculating System Unavailability and Related Reliability
Parameters
2.10 Reliability Considerations for DWDM Equipment
3. Sub-Assembly and Environmental Criteria
3.1 Component Reliability Assurance
3.2 Physical Design Criteria
3.3 Environmental Criteria
3.4 Third-Party Equipment
3.5 Short-Life Products and Equipment
4. Testing
4.1 Product Life Cycle
4.2 Initial System Qualification (IQ)
4.3 Periodic System Requalification (RQ)
4.4 Reliability Testing
4.5 First Office Application (FOA) Qualification
4.6 Manufacturing Tests
4.7 Standardized Test Procedures
4.8 Temperature Cycle Endurance Test
5. Manufacturing and Assembly Reliability
5.1 Incoming Lot Controls
5.2 Manufacturing and Assembly Practices
5.3 Circuit Pack and System Functional Testing
5.4 Corrective Action Program
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6. Software Reliability and Quality (R&Q)
6.1 Definitions
6.2 Design for R&Q
6.3 Firmware
6.4 Patching
6.5 Testing
6.6 Feature/Release Delivery Information
6.7 Downtime and Service Impact
6.8 Referenced Software Criteria
7. Field Performance and Customer Support
7.1 Field Performance
7.2 Customer Support
Appendix A: Example Tables for Reliability Model Verification
Appendix B: Overview of Telcordia Sampling Plans
GR-468-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Optoelectronic Devices Used in Telecommunications Equipment
This document presents the Telcordia view of generic reliability assurance
requirements for active optoelectronic devices used in telecommunications
equipment, and is directed towards an equipment supplier’s design engineering,
manufacturing, procurement, and reliability/quality organizations. The proposed
detailed reliability assurance practices criteria cover such devices as lasers, LEDs,
photodetectors, and modulators. Although intended to provide a concise reference
of reliability/quality assurance criteria applicable to specifically cited devices, the
document can be extended to cover other active optoelectronic devices used in
telecommunications equipment. Similar devices used in data communications
equipment will be addressed in a future document.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Reliability Assurance Processes
2.1 Supplier Approval and Device Qualification
2.2 Lot-to-Lot Controls
2.3 Feedback and Corrective Action
2.4 Device Storage and Handling
2.5 Documentation and Test Data
2.6 Availability of Devices
2.7 Environmental, Health, Safety, and Physical Design Considerations
3. Test Procedures
3.1 General Test Procedure Criteria
3.2 Characterization Test Procedures
3.3 Stress Test Procedures
3.4 Accelerated Aging
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4. Qualification of Optoelectronic Devices
4.1 Characterization
4.2 Stress Tests
4.3 Considerations for the Qualification of Pump Laser Modules
4.4 Considerations for the Qualification of Integrated Modules
5. Optoelectronic Device Reliability Testing
5.1 Accelerated Aging Tests
5.2 Accelerated Aging End-of-Life Thresholds and Failures
6. Lot-To-Lot Controls for Optoelectronic Devices
6.1 Visual Inspection
6.2 Electrical and Optical Testing
6.3 Screening
7. Qualification and Lot-to-Lot Controls for Other Component Parts
7.1 Thermoelectric Coolers
7.2 Temperature Sensors
7.3 Optical Isolators
7.4 Fiber Pigtails and Optical Connectors
7.5 General Electrical/Electronic Components
7.6 Hybrids
Appendix A: Sampling Plan Tables
GR-487-CORE, Generic Requirements for Electronic Equipment Cabinets
This document provides criteria for analyzing Electronic Equipment Cabinets used
in a variety of outside plant environments and applications, including wireless. It
includes proposed functional design criteria, generic mechanical and environmental
requirements, desired features, and performance tests.
Issue 3:
• Covers Wireless Applications
• Includes updates to the Thermal Testing procedure
• Reviews Acoustic Noise issues
• Includes Field Retrofit and Adjunct Cabinets criteria
• Includes Environmental Vibration criteria
• Includes Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) criteria
• Is TL 9000 Compliant
• Harmonizes with GR-3108, Generic Requirements for Network Equipment in
the Outside Plant (OSP).
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose and Scope
1.2 Target Audience
1.3 Reasons for GR-487-CORE, Issue 3
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1.4 Reasons for GR-487-CORE, Issue 2
1.5 Structure and Use of This Document
1.6 Products Covered
1.7 Battery References
1.8 Coordination with GR-3108, Generic Requirements for Network Equipment
in the Outside Plant
1.9 Requirements Terminology
1.10 Requirement Labeling Conventions
2. General Information
2.1 General Description
2.2 Operating Environment
2.3 Telecommunications Equipment
2.4 Test Environmental Criteria
2.5 Safety Precautions
2.6 Measurements
2.7 Laboratory Conditions
2.8 Sample Preparation
2.9 Calibration
3. Detailed Requirements
3.l Product Samples
3.2 Product Changes
3.3 Safety and Reliability Considerations
3.4 Metallic Materials
3.5 Polymeric and Other Non-Metallic Materials
3.6 Finish
3.7 Screens and Filters
3.8 Insect Intrusion
3.9 Door Restrainers (Vertically Hinged Doors)
3.10 Wall-Mounted Equipment
3.11 Horizontally Hinged Doors
3.12 Lifting Details
3.13 Roof Compression
3.14 External Icing
3.15 Security
3.16 Alarms
3.17 Condensation
3.18 Fans
3.19 Bonding and Grounding
3.20 AC Power
3.21 Splicing Area
3.22 Electronic Equipment Compartment
3.23 Battery Compartment
3.24 Engine-Generator Compartment
3.25 Pole-Mounted Aerial Cabinets
3.26 Marking, Packaging, and Shipping
3.27 Installation and Maintenance
3.28 Quality
3.29 Exposure to High Temperature
3.30 Thermal Shock
3.31 Water and Dust Intrusion, and Water Resistance
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3.32 Acoustical Noise Emissions
3.33 Conditional Noise Requirements
3.34 Wind Resistance
3.35 Impact Resistance
3.36 Firearms Resistance
3.37 Fire Resistance
3.38 Corrosion Resistance
3.39 Shock and Vibration
Appendix A: Evaluating Dust Accumulation and Wind-Driven Rain Test
A.1 Observational Standard for Evaluating Dust Accumulation
A.2 Wind-Driven Rain Test Set-Up Calibration Suggested Procedure
GR-929-CORE, Reliability and Quality Measurements for
Telecommunications Systems (RQMS-Wireline)
The Reliability and Quality (R&Q) of telecommunications systems are vital to
service providers in maintaining high quality services to the ultimate customers. To
maintain and improve quality in the network, service providers and suppliers must
understand how the various Network Elements (NEs) are performing in operation.
R&Q improvement is the ultimate goal. The reliability and quality measurements
contained in this document are a set of measurement tools designed to assist both
service providers and suppliers to monitor, measure, and understand performance
of the products in operation. The requirements in this document are generic for NE
types. They apply to the life cycle phase beginning at General Availability and
concentrate on field performance. They focus on measuring various aspects of R&Q,
product performance, maintainability, and support of a particular supplier’s system.
Measurement reporting by the individual suppliers to the service providers is
intended to furnish status information and to encourage improvement through
monitoring trends. This document addresses the selected measurements, data
content, algorithm, calculation, objectives, and presentation of the R&Q
measurements. Objectives for performance have been designed for measurements
based on NE type. Actual performance of the products are measured against the
objective set. These measurements and the objectives have been designed, tested,
and refined over a period of years by service providers and suppliers working
together. They now represent an up-to-date set of R&Q requirements for the selected
NEs that service providers and suppliers can use in an overall effort to monitor and
improve R&Q. It is up to each service provider to assure that the measurements
reports provided by a supplier are in compliance with the requirements of this
document. The requirements described in this document are focused on field
performance starting at the point where the NE type becomes generally available to
the marketplace. This point is termed General Availability. For this reason, the
measurements do not represent a complete set covering the entire life cycle of a
system, such as requirements development, design, building, etc.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Fundamental RQMS Concepts, Responsibilities, and Reporting
2.1 Evidence and Provision of Measurements
2.2 Fundamental Concepts Underlying the Measurements, Data and Plots
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2.3 Service Provider Responsibility
2.4 RQMS Performance Reporting and Report Formats
3. Network Elements Outage Measurements
3.1 General
3.2 Switching NE Measurements
3.3 Voice Over Packet and Access Switch, and DSLAM NE
Outage Measurements
3.4 Broadband Multi-Service NE Measurements
3.5 Transport NE Measurements
3.6 Integrated Network Element Manager
3.7 Outages Due to Procedural Errors
3.8 Service Impact of Outages
3.9 Reporting Formats
4. Common Measurements
4.1 Software Insertion and Maintenance
4.2 Problem Reports
4.3 Fix Response Time
4.4 Product Change Notices - Supplier Applied
4.5 Circuit Packs
Appendix A: Severity Definitions and Outage Causes
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Severity Definitions for Switching and Transport Systems
A.3 Severity Definitions for INEM
A.4 FCC Outage Categories per FCC Docket 87-313
A.5 Direct and Root Cause Definitions, per FCC Docket 91-273
Appendix B: RQMS Measurement Objectives by Product
B.1 Switching NEs
B.2 Voice Over Packet and Access Switch NEs
B.3 Transport NEs
B.4 Integrated Network Element Manager
GR-1221-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Passive
Optical Components
Passive optical components help eliminate many bottlenecks of conventional
communications systems. Replacing active components with passive components
provides a significant cost savings by eliminating the need to power and service
active components in the transmission loop.
GR-1221, Issue 3, presents the Telcordia view of proposed generic reliability
assurance requirements for passive optical components, and is directed toward an
equipment supplier’s design engineering, manufacturing, procurement, and
reliability/quality organizations. Common forms of passive fiber optic branching
components include splitters, couplers, and wavelength division multiplexers
(WDM-MUXES) and demultiplexers (WDM-DEMUXES).
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The new issue of GR-1221 contains updated generic and reliability assurance
requirements for passive optical components, and now has added value for system
developers and component manufacturers.
Updates include:
• Requirements for the efficient and cost-effective operation of components in
various environmental conditions such as salt and fog, water immersion, and
exposure to airborne contaminants
• Requirements for specific packaging and shipping tests
• Aligns with general industry specifications for system developers
• Aligns with critical NEBS requirements developed since the last issue of
GR-1221
• Fully aligned vibration and impact requirements to simplify testing.
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Scope and Purpose
1.2 Changes in the Document
1.3 Reasons for Reissues
1.4 Related Telcordia Documents
1.5 Requirements Terminology
1.6 Requirements Labeling Conventions
1.7 Operating Environments
1.8 Other Terminology
2. Reliability Assurance — Overview and Philosophy
2.1 Overview of Reliability Assurance
2.2 Generic Requirements Philosophy
3. Basic Reliability Assurance Program Requirements
3.1 Vendor and Device Qualification
3.2 Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Controls
3.3 Standardized Test Procedures
3.4 Feedback and Corrective Action
3.5 Device Storage and Handling
3.6 Documentation and Test Data
3.7 Availability of Devices
4. Specific Reliability and Quality Criteria
4.1 Qualification of Passive Optical Devices
4.2 Qualification of Integrated Passive Optical Module
4.3 Quality Assurance and Lot Controls
4.4 Reliability and Quality of Optical Adhesives
5. Performance Criteria
5.1 Optical Requirements and Objectives
5.2 Optical Test Procedures
5.3 Optical Fiber and Optical Connectors
6. Reliability Test Procedures
6.1 Reliability Test Pass/Fail Criteria
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6.2 Reliability Test Procedures
Appendix A: Lot Tolerance Percentage Defective (LTPD) Table
Appendix B: Example Operational Shock and Vibration Proposal
B.1 Definitions
B.2 Test Conditions
B.3 Test Fixtures
B.4 Sample Size
B.5 Measurement Methodology
B.6 Acceptance Criteria
Appendix C: Reliability Calculation
C.1 Median Life
C.2 Design of Experiments to Generate Failure Mechanism Equations
C.3 Acceleration Factor Models
C.4 CDF in Accelerated Test Conditions
C.5 CDF at Field Operating Conditions
C.6 Estimating Onset of Wearout
C.7 Performing Risk Assessment on Sub-Assemblies
C.8 Determine Minimum Stress Level Criteria
C.9 Generate Cumulative Failure Distribution
GR-1929-CORE, Reliability and Quality Measurements for
Telecommunications Systems (RQMS-Wireless)
The Reliability and Quality (R&Q) of telecommunications systems is important to
both service providers and suppliers of the installed Network Elements (NEs) for
wireline networks. It is essential to measure and understand the robustness of
products as they are received and as they perform during operation. This document
presents reliability and quality measurement tools designed to assist service
providers and suppliers to monitor, measure, and understand the performance of
network elements. The measurements focus on various aspects of R&Q, system
level product performance, maintainability, and support of a particular supplier's
system. The requirements in this document will benefit wireless network service
providers and suppliers who are in the process of transitioning to the Generation 3G
network. The requirements will also benefit those service providers and suppliers
who are concerned with the reliability and quality performance requirements for
Network Elements (NEs) deployed in the wireless networks that cover both voice
and data. This document applies to wireless Mobile Switching Center, Integrated
Switching Center, Base Station Controller, Base Transceiver System, Base Station
System, and the External Home Location Register Network Elements. This
document deals with wireless networks only. Wireline-RQMS requirements are now
in a separate document, GR-929.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Fundamental RQMS Concepts, Responsibilities, and Reporting
2.1 Evidence and Provision of Measurements
2.2 Fundamental Concepts Underlying the Measurements
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2.3 Service Provider Responsibility
2.4 RQMS Performance Reporting
3. Wireless Systems Measurements
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Wireless NE Logical Architecture
3.3 Wireless Terminology
3.4 Wireless Measurements
3.5 System Outage Performance Measurements
4. Common Measurements
4.1 Patches Measurements
4.2 Software Updates Measurements
4.3 Release Application Measurements
4.4 Problem Reports (PRs) Measurements
4.5 Fix Response Time Measurements
5. Quality of Service (QoS) Measurements
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) QoS Architecture
5.3 QoS Classes
Appendix A: Severity Definitions and Outage Causes
A.1 Introduction
A.2 Severity Definitions for Switching and Transport Systems
A.3 FCC Outage Categories
Appendix B: RQMS Measurement Objectives by Product
B.1 Wireless Systems
GR-2969-CORE, Generic Requirements for the Design and Manufacture of
Short-Life Information Handling Products and Equipment
Information system users expect a high degree of service availability. At the network
level, this is achieved by employing fault-tolerant architectures, redundancy for
critical network elements and their subsystems, and efficient fault detection and
recovery mechanisms. For traditional telecommunications equipment with a design
service life objective of at least 25 years, generic requirements for these network
elements (switch, transport, cross-connect, etc.) are detailed in GR-78 and GR-357.
However, as communications, computer, and consumer industries converge,
equipment from newly emerging manufacturers do not conform to key reliability
and technology requirements of GR-78 and GR-357 necessary to achieve long service
life. Instead, equipment design and manufacturing processes result in equipment
with service life objectives ranging from no defined value to, at most five years; and
it is for this category of equipment that this document is published. It is intended to
facilitate rapid deployment so as to exploit market opportunities as they arise, and
to allow network operators the necessary flexibility to mix and match different
equipment categories (long-life and short-life) as needed to optimize network
solutions in terms of performance and cost.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Ensuring System Reliability
3. Device Quality Levels
3.1 Normal System Requirements
3.2 Exceptions
3.3 Quality Level Determination
4. Requirements for All Products
4.1 General Requirements
4.2 Electrical and Mechanical Integrity
4.3 Administration of Requirements
5. Materials and Finishes Requirements
5.1 General
5.2 Materials
5.3 Finishes
6. Component Requirements
6.1 Component and Component Manufacturer Qualification
6.2 Controls On Component Use
6.3 Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Control
6.4 Feedback and Corrective Action Programs
6.5 Component Storage and Handling
6.6 Documentation, Test Data, and Other Component Information
7. Separable Connector Requirements
7.1 General
7.2 Two-Part and PB Edge Connectors
7.3 Component Sockets
7.4 Insulation Displacement Connectors
7.5 Zero Insertion Force Connectors
7.6 Coaxial Connectors
7.7 Optical Connectors
8. Wire and Cable Requirements
8.1 Metallic Wire and Cable
8.2 Optical Fiber and Optical Fiber Cables
9. Bare Printed Board Requirements
9.1 General
9.2 Multilayer Printed Boards - General Requirements
9.3 Printed Boards for Surface Mounting
9.4 Printed Boards for Backpanels
9.5 Encapsulated Discrete Wire Interconnection Boards
10. Printed Board Assembly Requirements
10.1 General
10.2 PBAs - Through-hole Mounted Components
10.3 PBAs - Surface Mounted Components
10.4 Backpanel Assemblies
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11. Sub-System and System Assembly Requirements
11.1 General
11.2 Manufacturing
11.3 Equipment Modifications
11.4 Performance
12. Electrostatic Discharge Requirements
12.1 General
12.2 Susceptibility
12.3 ESD Resistance
12.4 Circuit Pack ESD Test Methods and Requirements
12.5 ESD Warning Label Requirements
3. Product Identification and Marking Requirements
13.1 General
13.2 Printed Board Assemblies
13.3 Sub-System and System
14. Packing and Shipping Requirements
14.1 General
14.2 Shipping of Board Assemblies
14.3 Shipping of Sub-Systems and Systems
15. Repair and Modification of Customer Return Units
15.1 General
15.2 Marking
15.3 Repairs
16. Qualification Test Procedures
16.1 Corrosiveness of Soldering Fluxes
16.2 Polymeric Coatings and Adhesive Materials Qualification
16.3 Connector and Socket Lubricant Qualification
16.4 Qualification of Lap Soldered Modification Wires to PBAs
16.5 Qualification of Additive Circuitry For Bare PB Modifications
17. Tests and Test Methods
17.1 General
17.2 Metal Finishes
17.3 Bare Printed Boards (PBs)
17.4 Surface Insulation Resistance Testing
17.5 Solvent Extract Conductivity Testing
GR-3013-CORE, Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for
Optoelectronic Devices Used in Short-Life, Information-Handling Products
and Equipment
This GR presents the Telcordia view of generic reliability assurance requirements
for active optoelectronic devices used in short-life, information-handling products
and equipment. It provides detailed reliability assurance practices and criteria for
these devices. The criteria in this document cover such devices as lasers, LEDs,
photodetectors, modulators, and combinations thereof. This GR provides a concise
reference of reliability and quality assurance criteria applicable to specific listed
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devices and equipment. GR-3013 is directed toward an equipment manufacturer's
design engineering, manufacturing, procurement, and reliability/quality
organizations.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Reliability Assurance - Overview and Philosophy
2.1 Overview of Reliability Assurance
2.2 Generic Requirements Philosophy
3. Common Requirements
3.1 Requirements for All Optoelectronic Devices
3.2 Specification and Control
3.3 Device and Device Manufacturer Qualification
3.4 Device Manufacturer Qualification
3.5 Device Qualification
3.6 Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Controls
3.7 Standardized Test Procedures
3.8 Feedback and Corrective Action
3.9 Device Storage and Handling
3.10 Documentation and Test Data
3.11 Independent Reliability Verification
4. Laser Reliability and Quality Criteria
4.1 Laser Diode Qualification
4.2 Laser Diode Lot-to-Lot Controls
4.3 Laser Module Qualification
4.4 Laser Module Lot-to-Lot Controls
4.5 Integrated Laser Module Qualification
4.6 Integrated Laser Module Lot-to-Lot Controls
4.7 Qualification of Other Component Parts
4.8 Lot-to-Lot Controls of Other Components
5. Special Procedures and Test Methods for Lasers
5.1 Wavelength and Spectral Width
5.2 Far-Field Pattern
5.3 Threshold Current
5.4 Threshold Current Temperature Sensitivity
5.5 Linearity of the L-I Curve
5.6 Voltage-Current Curve
5.7 Modulation Depth
5.8 Rise and Fall Times
5.9 Turn-On Delay
5.10 Cutoff Frequency
5.11 Self-Pulsation
5.12 Monitor Operation
5.13 Thermoelectric Cooler and Temperature Sensor Checks
5.14 Coupling Efficiency
5.15 Front-To-Rear Tracking Ratio
5.16 Front-To-Rear Tracking Error
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5.17 Thermal Impedance
5.18 Accelerated Aging
5.19 Reliability Calculations
5.20 Temperature Cycling
5.21 Damp Heat (Steady State)
5.22 ESD Threshold
5.23 Cyclic Moisture Resistance
6. LED Reliability and Quality Requirements
6.1 LED Qualification
6.2 LED Lot-to-Lot Controls
6.3 LED Module Qualification
6.4 LED Module Lot-to-Lot Controls
6.5 Integrated LED Module Qualification
6.6 Integrated LED Module Lot-to-Lot Controls
6.7 Qualification of Other Component Parts
6.8 Lot-to-Lot Controls of Other Component Parts
7. Special Procedures and Test Methods for LEDs
7.1 Wavelength and Spectral Width
7.2 LED Light-Current Curve
7.3 Modulation Depth
7.4 Rise and Fall Times
7.5 Turn-On Delay
7.6 Cutoff Frequency
7.7 Thermoelectric Cooler and Temperature Sensor Checks
7.8 Accelerated Aging
7.9 Temperature Cycling
7.10 Damp Heat (Steady State)
7.11 Cyclic Moisture Resistance
7.12 Endurance Tests for Other Components
7.13 Reliability Calculations
7.14 ESD Threshold
8. Photodetectors Reliability and Quality Requirements
8.1 Photodiode Qualification
8.2 Photodiode Lot-to-Lot Controls
8.3 Detector Module Qualification
8.4 Detector Module Lot-to-Lot Controls
8.5 Integrated Detector Module Qualification
8.6 Integrated Detector Lot-to-Lot Controls
8.7 Qualification of Other Component Parts
8.8 Lot-to-Lot Controls of Other Component Parts
9. Special Procedures and Test Methods for Photodetectors
9.1 Responsivity of Photodetectors
9.2 Photodetector Quantum Efficiency
9.3 Photodetector Linearity and Gain
9.4 Dark Current
9.5 Capacitance
9.6 Breakdown Voltage
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9.7 Excess Noise Factor
9.8 Cutoff Frequency
9.9 Thermoelectric Cooler and Temperature Sensor Checks
9.10 Thermal Impedance
9.11 Accelerated Aging Life Test (Photodiodes and Detector Modules)
9.12 Temperature Cycling
9.13 Damp Heat (Steady State)
9.14 Endurance Tests for Other Components
9.15 Reliability Calculations
9.16 ESD Threshold
10. Modulator Reliability and Quality Criteria
10.1 Integrated Modulator Qualification
10.2 Integrated Modulator Lot-to-Lot Controls
10.3 External Modulator Qualification
10.4 External Modulator Lot-to-Lot Controls
Appendix A: Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD) Table
Appendix B: Overview of Telcordia Sampling Plans
SR-332, Reliability Prediction Procedure for Electronic Equipment
Reliability prediction is an important element in the process of selecting
equipment. These predictions provide necessary input to system-level reliability
modes for predicting expected downtime per year and system availability. Issue 3 of
SR-332 provides all the tools needed for predicting device and unit hardware
reliability, and contains extensive revisions since the document was last issued.
The Telcordia Reliability Prediction Procedure has a long and distinguished history
of use within and outside the telecommunications industry. Issue 3 of SR-332
provides the only hardware reliability prediction procedure developed from the
input and participation of a cross-section of major industrial companies. This lends
the procedure and the predictions derived from it a high level of credibility free from
the bias of any individual supplier or service provider.
Issue 3 of SR-332 contains:
• Recommended methods for predicting device and unit hardware reliability.
These techniques estimate the mean failure rate in FITs for electronic
equipment. This procedure also documents a recommended method for
predicting serial system hardware reliability.
• Tables needed to facilitate the calculation of reliability predictions
• New data for fiber optic transceivers, hard drives, and ferrite beads
• Revised generic device failure rates in Section 8, based mainly on new data for
many components
• An extended range of complexity for devices
• Updated formulas and FIT rates for integrated circuits
• New temperature curves for miscellaneous devices
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• Clarified definitions regarding operating temperatures
• A new level to the environmental factor to account for a frequently used
deployment technique
• Clarity for various component names.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Reliability Predictions for Electronic Equipment
2.1 Purposes of Reliability Predictions
2.2 Definitions
2.3 Outline of Methods
3. Steady State Failure Rate Prediction for Devices
3.1 Method I-D: Black Box Technique
3.2 Method II-D: Techniques Integrating Laboratory Data
3.3 Method III-D: Techniques Integrating Field Data
3.4 Examples
4. Early Life Factor Prediction for Devices
4.1 Early Life Factor for Device with Limited or No Burn-In
4.2 Early Life Factor for Device with Extensive Burn-In
4.3 Examples
5. Failure Rate Prediction for Units
5.1 Method I: Unit Steady-State Failure Rate Using the Parts Count Method
5.2 Method II: Integrating Laboratory Test Data on Units
5.3 Method III: Integrating Field Data on Units
5.4 Unit Early Life Factor
5.5 Sampling Method - Using Default Temperature and Stress Factors on a
Sample of Units
5.6 Examples
6. System Reliability (Service Affecting Reliability Data)
6.1 Serial System Reliability
6.2 Non-Serial Systems
7. Upper Confidence Levels for Failure Rates
7.1 Upper Confidence Level Calculation
7.2 Examples
8. Device Parameter Values
8.1 Capacitor Parameter Values
8.2 Connector Parameter Values
8.3 Diode Parameter Values
8.4 Inductor Parameter Values
8.5 Integrated Circuit Parameter Values
8.6 Microwave Element Devices
8.7 Opto-Electronic Device Parameter Values
8.8 Relay Parameter Values
8.9 Resistor Parameter Values
8.10 Switch Parameter Values
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8.11 Thermistor Parameter Values
8.12 Transistor Failure Rates
8.13 Rotating and Miscellaneous Device Parameter Values
9. Failure Rate Factors
9.1 Temperature Factor
9.2 Electrical Stress Factor
9.3 Quality Factor
9.4 Environment Factor
Appendix A: Failure Rate Units
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3.3 Additional Reliability and Quality Related Documentation
This section lists additional Telcordia documents related to Reliability and Quality.
A Document Abstract and a Table of Contents for each document is provided. Each
document can be purchased individually.
GR-82-CORE, Signaling Transfer Point (STP) Generic Requirements
This Generic Requirements document (GR) provides the Telcordia view of
proposed generic requirements and objectives for a typical Common Channel
Signaling (CCS) Network Provider utilizing Signaling Transfer Points (STPs) in
their CCS networks. STPs are packet switches in the CCS network that transfer
messages from one signaling link to another at Level 3. This document describes the
features and functionalities of STPs by defining their interaction with the SS7
protocol, signaling networks, and operations systems. This GR is intended to help
provide the basis for the CCS network architecture, procedures to implement SS7
protocols, and descriptions of provisioning, administration, and operational
interfaces that can facilitate operation of the client companies CCS networks. Also
included are capacity requirements and performance objectives to meet the overall
reliability standards in a client company environment. This document will enable
equipment suppliers to implement and upgrade STPs that meet functional and
operations requirements of typical local exchange carriers in North America, and
that reliably interoperate with other suppliers’ SS7 network elements and with the
carriers’ network operations support systems.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Network Architecture
2.1 CCS Network Services
2.2 CCS Network Components
2.3 Network Architecture
3. STP Functional Architecture
3.1 SS7 Protocol
3.2 STP Functions
3.3 Interfaces
3.4 Capacity
4. Signaling
4.1 SS7 Protocol Overview
4.2 Message Transfer Part (MTP)
4.3 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
4.4 Operations, Maintenance, and Administration Part (OMAP)
5. Operation Requirements
5.1 Overview of the Operations Environment
5.2 STP Provisioning Requirements
6. STP Fault and Performance Management
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Operations System (OS) Interfaces
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6.3 Measured Entity Types
6.4 Measurement Requirements
6.5 Measurement Reports
6.6 Event Reporting
6.7 Control Capabilities
7. Network Management
8. System Interfaces
8.1 Signaling Interfaces
8.2 OS Interfaces
8.3 Operations Work Positions
8.4 Security of Operations Interfaces
9. Performance
9.1 Reliability
9.2 STP Transport Time
9.3 Accuracy
10. Environmental Requirements
10.1 Power
10.2 Equipment
10.3 Electromagnetic and Electrical Environment
11. Quality
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Reliability and Quality Switching Systems Generic Requirements
12. Supplier Support
12.1 Documentation on Operations
12.2 Software Documentation
Appendix A: Changes for E-Links and Complex Network Architectures
Appendix B: STP Requirements for Toll-Free Service
Appendix C: STP Requirements for Gateway Function
Appendix D: Cluster Routing and Management at STPs
Appendix E: STP Requirements for SCCP INS
Appendix F: Translation Type Mapping Function
Appendix G: Priority Processing of Network Management Tasks in STPs
Appendix H: Guidelines to Determine GTT Table Sizes
Appendix I: Estimates of GTT Capacity
Appendix J: Operations Requirements for Selected SCCP Functions
Appendix K: Additional Signaling Link Interfaces
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GR-326-CORE, Generic Requirements for Singlemode Optical Connectors
and Jumper Assemblies
GR-326 sets forth the Telcordia view of the technical generic requirements for, and
characteristics required of, connectors used for joining singlemode optical fibers,
and for jumper assemblies made using such connectors. This GR includes the
Telcordia view of the various requirements, desired features, and characteristics of
connectors and jumper assemblies, and the performance tests for comparing such
products against the stated criteria. The performance tests for analyzing optical
connectors and jumper assemblies are intended to reflect a composite picture of
various operating conditions. The generic requirements, objectives, conditional
requirements, and test methods are subject to change.
Issue 4 discusses endface geometry of singlemode connectors, contains new and
updated criteria for singlemode connector reflectance, contains further detail
regarding evaluation of samples after salt spray exposure, and contains additional
text that addresses similar products and factory considerations as it relates to
present-day products. The criteria provides the manufacturer with a basis for quality
control and crucial information for quality assurance to guarantee long-term
performance in the field.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 Description
2.2 Connector Applications
3. General Requirements
3.1 Documentation
3.2 Packaging and Shipping
3.3 Design Features
3.4 Intermateability
3.5 Product Marking
3.6 Safety
4. Connector Tests and Criteria
4.1 Test Samples
4.2 Criteria
4.3 Cleaning Procedures
4.4 Statement of Criteria
5. Facilities for Product Testing
5.1 Ambient Laboratory Conditions
5.2 Optical Measurements
5.3 Product Test Facilities
6. Service Life Tests
6.1 Service Life Tests
6.2 New Product Measurements
6.3 Tensile Tests
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7. Extended Service Life Tests
7.1 Description of Extended Service Life Tests
7.2 Extended Service Life Test Samples
7.3 Criteria to be Applied to Extended Service Life Tests
8. Reliability Assurance Program
8.1 Reliability Testing
8.2 Manufacturing and Process Control
9. Requalification for Product/Manufacturing Changes
GR-449-CORE, Generic Requirements and Design Considerations for Fiber
Distributing Frames
This document describes the Telcordia view of proposed generic requirements and
design considerations for Fiber Distributing Frame (FDF) systems. FDFs are one
type of optical cross-connect systems. An FDF is designed to be the interface
between the outside plant fibers in an optical fiber transmission system and the fiber
cables inside the Central Office (CO) or at a Remote Site (RS). Here, CO may refer
either to a traditional CO building or to a remote node site that has replaced a
building as part of a CO building consolidation project. Cross-connection is the
principal function of the FDF, and FDFs will have to accommodate large numbers
of optical fibers easily. These requirements, if applied to any FDF system, manual or
automated, regardless of the optical technologies employed in its design or
manufacture, should meet the needs of a typical communications service provider.
Because many new fiber types have been developed over the last decade, this
document has been updated to define a more detailed specification of the optical
properties of the fiber jumpers used in FDF testing.
The FDFs described in this document provide a safe environment for the fiber plant
they support, thus enabling a long and trouble-free service lifetime. The
requirements in this document apply primarily to manual FDFs. This document does
not include information on optical switches or Digital Cross-connect (DCSs)
systems.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Fiber Distributing Frame Design Considerations
2.1 Overview
2.2 Purpose and Scope
2.3 Introduction
2.4 Placement of the FDF in the Network
2.5 Engineering Specifications
2.6 FDF Issues of Concern
3. General Requirements and Objectives
3.1 Connection Requirements
3.2 Test Access Requirements
3.3 Auxiliary Apparatus Requirements
3.4 Planning and Engineering Requirements
3.5 Human Interface and Safety Requirements
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3.6 Documentation and Training Requirements
3.7 Transmission Requirements
3.8 Physical Issues
3.9 Preferential Assignment Method
3.10 Compatibility with Existing FDFs
3.11 Reliability and Quality Requirements
4. FDF Generation III and IV Framework Requirements
4.1 Standard Generation III and IV Framework
4.2 Footprint of Frame
4.3 Frame Materials
4.4 Frame Layout
4.5 NEBS Compliance
4.6 Framework Strength
5. Performance Requirements and Objectives
5.1 Objectives of the FDF Test Program
5.2 FDF Test Samples, Facilities, and Configuration
5.3 Test Equipment, Optical Performance, and Setup Criteria
5.4 Test Plan
GR-508-CORE, Automatic Message Accounting (AMA)
This Generic Requirements document (GR) describes the Telcordia view of
proposed switching system generic requirements and objectives for Automatic
Message Accounting (AMA). This document updates and clarifies the switching
system requirements and objectives for AMA data generation, formatting, retention,
output, integrity, timing, Reliability and Quality (R&Q), and miscellaneous AMArelated topics. It also provides the most current platform for billing data generation
of new network capabilities, new services, and switching-system evolution.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. AMA Process Model and Key Terminology
2.1 AMA Process Model
2.2 Billing AMA Format (BAF)
2.3 BAF-Related Terms
2.4 Call-Related Terms
3. AMA Data Generation
3.1 AMA Translations
3.2 Fundamentals of AMA Data Generation
3.3 AMA Data Generated for Studies
3.4 Considerations Regarding Network Arrangements
4. Billing AMA Format (BAF)
5. AMA Data Retention
5.1 Minimum Retention Time
5.2 AMA Data Retention Methodology
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6. AMA Data Output
6.1 AMA Data Networking
6.2 AMA Teleprocessing
6.3 Removable Hardcopy Recording
6.4 AMA Data Loss When Outputting
7. AMA Data Integrity
7.1 Scope
7.2 Approach
7.3 Near-Real-Time AMA Function
7.4 AMA Output Function
7.5 Resetting Counts
7.6 AMA Maintenance
7.7 Hourly AMA Audit Records
7.8 Impact of Time-of-Day Clock Adjustments
7.9 Additional Audit Records
8. AMA Timing
8.1 AMA Timing Concepts
8.2 Conventional Connection Processing
8.3 Long Duration Connection Processing
8.4 Early On-Hook Connection Processing
8.5 Timing Irregularity Condition Processing
8.6 BAF Timing Indicator Fields
9. AMA Reliability and Quality
9.1 Background
9.2 AMA Design and Architecture
9.3 Additional Reliability and Quality Requirements
10. Miscellaneous AMA Requirements
10.1 AMA Testing
10.2 AMA Data Display
10.3 Test Capability for AMA Data Generation
10.4 In-Service Performance Monitoring
10.5 Vendor Support
Appendix A: Testing Conformance to the BAF-Record Generation Accuracy
Requirement
A.1 Hypothesis Test
A.2 Field Performance Data
GR-512-CORE, LSSGR: Reliability, Section 12
This document provides the Telcordia view on generic hardware reliability modeling
requirements and field outage performance objectives for LATA (Local Access and
Transport Area) switching systems, both Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) and non-ISDN.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Application of Reliability Criteria
2.1 Equipment Boundaries
2.2 Service Life
3. Hardware Reliability Modeling Methods
3.1 Component Reliability Prediction
3.2 Equipment Service Restoral Time
3.3 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Activities
3.4 System Reliability Modeling
3.5 Reliability and System Architecture Testing
4. Hardware Reliability Parameters
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Downtime
4.3 Hardware Cutoff Call Rate
5. Hardware Reliability Requirements
5.1 Individual Termination Downtime
5.2 Multitermination Downtime
5.3 Total Capability Downtime
5.4 Hardware Cutoff Call Rate
5.5 System Operations Capability
6. Application of Field Performance Objectives
6.1 Outage Causes
6.2 Remote Switching Units
6.3 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Activities
7. Field Reliability Performance Measures
7.1 Outage Downtime
7.2 Outage Frequency
8. System Level Measures and Objectives
8.1 Outage Event Definitions
8.2 Reportable Outages and Objectives
8.3 Scheduled Total Outage Event Duration
8.4 ISDN Switching Capability
8.5 System Operations Capability
9. Individual Termination Objectives
10. Other Criteria
10.1 Outage Recovery
10.2 Cutoff Calls
10.3 Ineffective Machine Attempts
10.4 Reliability and Quality Switching Systems Generic Requirements (RQSSGR)
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GR-513-CORE, Power Requirements in Telecommunications Plant (LSSGR
Section 13)
Issue 1 of GR-513 provided the industry’s most complete generic requirements for
power systems designed for network telecommunications equipment in Central
Offices (COs) and similar locations.
Issue 2, developed with the input of major service providers, updates and
expands the criteria to consider new and emerging technologies as well as new
power architectures. Issue 2 covers the following areas: power needs for FTTx
architectures; Homeland Security expectations concerning the robustness of the
telecommunications network; appropriate best practices on backup power to
sustain the network; deployment of routers/switch equipment in CO facilities that
have high current and power demands; local and distributed powering options at the
aisle and rack level as well as in the OSP nodes and customer premises locations;
guidance on legacy (TL1) and new (SNMP) communications; and guidance on the
overall expansion to the OSP arena.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Power System Requirements
2.1 General Power System Design
2.2 Standby AC Plant
2.3 Alternative Standby or Primary Power Systems
2.4 DC Power System
2.5 Energy Storage Technologies
2.6 Distributed Power (DP) Within the CO
2.7 Telecom Data Centers
2.8 AC Powered Equipment Within the CO Facilities
3. Monitoring, Control and Alarms
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Power System Monitor/Controller - General Features
3.3 Data Collection and Storage Requirements
3.4 Access and Security Requirements
3.5 Display Requirements
3.6 Alarm Management
3.7 Power Alarms
4. Outside Plant (OSP) Sites
4.1 DC Power Systems for OSP Locations
4.2 Backup or Standby Power Requirements
4.3 Outside Plant (OSP) Locations
5. Reporting and Listing Requirements
5.1 Operational Locations for Power Equipment
5.2 Energy Metrics
6. Reliability, Quality and Documentation Requirements
6.1 General Design Requirements
6.2 Safety and Reliability Considerations
6.3 Materials
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6.4 Documentation
6.5 Installation and Maintenance
6.6 Quality Management System (QMS)
7. Functional Requirements
7.1 AC-Power System
7.2 DC Power System
Appendix A: References
Appendix B: GR-513 and the LSSGR FR-64 Family of GRs
Appendix C: Communications Protocols and Alarm Types
Appendix D: Environmental Classes of GR-3108
Appendix E: Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Requirements
GR-844-CORE, Network Maintenance: Access and Testing - TSC/RTU
Generic Requirements for Metallic Loop Testing
To maintain the quality and reliability of the telecommunications network, testing is
an ongoing necessity. This document presents the Telcordia view on generic Test
System Controller/Remote Test Unit (TSC/RTU) functional requirements to support
metallic loop testing. The document serves as a companion document to GR-202,
Loop Testing Messages at the OS/TSC Interface, which specifies messages to
accomplish the testing of subscriber loops over the Operations System (OS)/TSCRTU interface.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Overview of the Generic Test Architecture
2.1 Generic Test Architecture Configurations
2.2 Generic Loop Testing Architectures
3. Generic Functional Requirements
3.1 TSC/RTU Test Access Functional Requirements
3.2 No-Test and MDF Trunk Calibration
3.3 Access and Testing Message Requirements
3.4 Test Access
3.5 Test Initiation Procedure
3.6 Callback Path Requirements
4. Generic Loop Testing Functions
4.1 Maintenance Termination Units
4.2 TSC/RTU Test Functions and Capabilities
5. Test Commands and Test Measurements
5.1 Basic Test Commands
5.2 Auxiliary Test Commands
5.3 Basic Test Measurement Requirements
5.4 Auxiliary Test Measurement Requirements
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6. Calculation Requirements
6.1 Capacitive Balance
6.2 Loop Length
6.3 Open Distance from CO/RT
6.4 Open Distance from Station
6.5 Open Distance Ratio
6.6 Two-Terminal DC Resistances and Voltages
7. Analysis Requirements and Test Algorithms
7.1 DC Busy, Speech, No Speech
7.2 Line in Use
7.3 Permanent Signal Fault
7.4 Permanent Signal ROH
7.5 DC Resistances and Voltages
7.6 AC Resistances and Voltages
8. System Thresholds
8.1 Marginal/Poor Longitudinal Balance
8.2 Marginal/Fault AC Voltage
8.3 Marginal/Fault Three-Terminal DC Resistance
8.4 Marginal/Fault Two-Terminal DC Cross Voltage
8.5 Three-Terminal DC Resistance Severity
8.6 Two-Terminal DC Voltage Severity
8.7 In/Out Resistive Fault Determination Values
8.8 In/Out Length Determination Value
9. Verification Codes
9.1 Requirements for Setting VER Codes
9.2 Description of the VER Code Setting Algorithm
9.3 VER Code Setting Algorithm
9.4 VER Code Definitions and Requirements
10. Summary Codes
10.1 Summary Code Descriptions and Requirements
Appendix A: Summary Codes and Test Commands
Appendix B: Impact of Equipment on Testing
GR-910-CORE, Generic Requirements for Fiber Optic Attenuators
A fiber optic attenuator is a passive optical component that is intended to reduce the
optical power propagating in the fiber, and has a fixed or variable attenuation.
Attenuators are typically used in fiber-optic transmission systems to reduce the
optical power received by the photodetector to a level that is within the dynamic
range of the optical receiver. GR-910 represents the Telcordia view of generic
requirements and characteristics for single-mode passive optical attenuators. This
GR contains information that can be used by suppliers to determine the generic
features that Telcordia believes are needed to provide satisfactory service of
attenuators. It also contains information to help users to select their attenuators
needs. The document includes generic operation, mechanical and performance
criteria, and a general description of performance tests.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 General Product Description
2.2 Attenuator Technology
2.3 Attenuator Applications
3. General and Design Criteria
3.1 Documentation
3.2 Marking, Packaging and Shipping
3.3 Physical Design Criteria
4. Performance Criteria
4.1 Environmental and Mechanical Criteria
4.2 Optical Criteria
5. Performance Verification/Test Procedures
5.1 Environmental and Mechanical Testing
5.2 Optical Testing
6. Passive Optical Component Code (POCC)
6.1 Structure and Format
6.2 Component Type Character
6.3 Fiber Type and Operating Wavelength Region Character
6.4 Cable Type Character
6.5 Attenuation Value Characters
6.6 Application Character
6.7 Configuration Characters
6.8 Example
7. Reliability and Quality Assurance Program
7.1 Reliability Assurance Requirements Philosophy
7.2 Overview of Reliability Assurance
7.3 Qualification Criteria
7.4 Quality and Reliability Criteria
GR-974-CORE, Generic Requirements for Telecommunications Line
Protector Units (TLPUs)
This GR contains the Telcordia view of generic requirements for
Telecommunications Line Protector Units (TLPUs). These generic requirements
should be met to satisfy the needs of the telecommunications network applications
of a typical telecommunications service provider. TLPUs installed in their protector
mounting are intended to prevent unwanted surge voltages and currents on the
Outside Plant (OSP) from reaching terminal equipment used in telecommunications
networks. These unwanted surges in the telecommunications network may arise, for
example, from effects of lightning or power-line faults either by direct or indirect
strike or fault, ground potential rise, coupling, or induction to the cable plant.
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GR-974 proposes generic requirements that a TLPU shall meet to avoid interference
with the operation of telecommunications networks and also to provide surge
limiting that is compatible with telecommunications networks. This GR contains
criteria suitable to specific network applications (e.g., telephony, T1-carriers, highspeed digital networks) and allows the users to select the appropriate surge
protector criteria that fit best to their network application. Users are encouraged to
carefully evaluate their network capabilities when selecting the surge protector
criteria. This GR provides the user with 4 different voltage-limiting options to select:
5 ESS voltage limiting, low voltage limiting, medium voltage limiting, and high
voltage limiting.
This is the one document that contains all the general, electrical, mechanical, and
environmental requirements for telecommunication line protector units. This
document is referred to by major service providers as the base requirements for
these products. The GR has requirements, and test methods in one document.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 TLPU Configuration With Current-Limiting Mechanism
2.2 TLPU Configuration With Fusible Link Mechanism
2.3 TLPU Configuration With Current-Limiting and Fusible Link Mechanisms
2.4 Sample Selection and Retest
2.5 Marking
2.6 Packaging and Shipping
2.7 Listing
2.8 Quality
2.9 Product Change Notices (PCNs)
2.10 Markings, Packaging, and Shipping
3. Mechanical Requirements
3.1 Materials
3.2 Assembly of Plug-In Type TLPU
3.3 Assembly of Non Plug-In or Station-Type TLPU
3.4 Internal Clearance
3.5 Fire Retardancy
3.6 Personnel Safety
3.7 Normal Pin Dimensions of the Plug-In Type TLPU
3.8 Screw-In Station Type TLPU Color Coding
3.9 Plug-In Type TLPU Color Coding
3.10 Radioactive Content
3.11 Hazardous Contents
3.12 Bonding and Grounding
4. Electrical Requirements
4.1 Fusing Coordination
4.2 High-Current Capability and Thermal Operation
4.3 Contact Resistance (Plug-In Type TLPU Only)
4.4 Dielectric Strength
4.5 Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
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4.6 Immunity to Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
4.7 Rated Voltage (Not for TLPUs Intended for 5ESS Switching System)
4.8 Insulation Resistance
4.9 Capacitance
4.10 Impulse Reset
4.11 Voltage Limiting
4.12 Impulse Life
4.13 AC Life
4.14 End-of-Life Mode
4.15 Backup Device Integrity
4.16 TLPUs Not Provided With a Backup Device
4.17 Blind Spot Test
5. Environmental Requirements
5.1 Packaged Shock
5.2 Drop Test
5.3 Stress-Corrosion Cracking
5.4 Salt Fog Tests (TLPUs Intended for an Uncontrolled Environment)
5.5 Rain Test (TLPUs Intended for an Uncontrolled Environment)
5.6 Fungus Resistance
5.7 Resistance to Chemicals
5.8 Aging (TLPUs Intended for an Uncontrolled Environment)
5.9 Environmental Cycling With Impulse Surges (TLPUs Intended for an
Uncontrolled Environment)
5.10 Environmental Cycling With AC Surges (TLPUs Intended for an
Uncontrolled Environment)
5.11 NEBS Compliance
6. Current-Limiting Capability
6.1 Four-Ohm Non-Resetting Current Limiting
6.2 Twenty-Ohm Non-Resetting Current Limiting
6.3 Self-Resetting Current Limiting
6.4 Fast Current Limiting
7. Application Options
7.1 T1-Carrier Systems Without the Use of Regulators
7.2 High-Exposure Customer Stations
7.3 High-Speed Digital Networks
7.4 Balanced Voltage-Limiting
8. Insulation Displacement Connector (IDC) Physical Requirements
8.1 IDC Electrical Requirements
8.2 IDC Mechanical Requirements
8.3 IDC Environmental Requirements
9. Fused TLPUs
9.1 Rated Current
9.2 Current Interrupting
9.3 Impulse Life
9.4 AC Life
9.5 Dielectric Strength
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Appendix A: Test Waveform Validation
GR-1110-CORE, Broadband Switching System (BSS) Generic
Requirements
This document provides the requirements for a Broadband Switching System (BSS)
to support the following services on a common Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
platform: Permanent Virtual Connection (PVC) Cell Relay Service; Switched Virtual
Connection (SVC) Cell Relay Service; Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service (SMDS);
PVC Frame Relay Service; and DS1/DS3 Circuit Emulation Service. Requirements
are also provided to allow interworking between broadband networks and
narrowband networks for some limited capabilities, specifically voice over ATM and
n x 64 kbps data over ATM. The BSS as defined by the requirements in this GR
pertain to an integrated system, i.e., the call control, connection control, and
switching fabric functionality, are all contained within one physical system. This is
in contrast to a modular system where call control, connection control, and the ATM
switching fabric functionality are contained in two or more physical systems
interconnected by open interfaces. The requirements in this GR allow a BSS to act
as a local office (i.e., serving users), a tandem office (i.e., switching network
facilities), or a combined local/tandem office. This document is intended as a central
point for all requirements pertaining to a BSS. In some cases, the actual
requirements are contained in this GR while, in other cases, this GR simply points to
other requirements documents. In particular, this GR provides requirements for:
ATM switching, including requirements for ATM multicast switching capabilities;
BSS interfaces, including User-Network Interfaces (UNIs) and intra-network
interswitch interfaces based on DSn and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET)
transmission systems; call/connection processing functions such as code
interpretation and routing; traffic control and congestion control; BSS performance
objectives and reliability objectives; usage measurements for billing; and servicespecific (i.e., PVC Cell Relay Service, SVC Cell Relay Service, SMDS, PVC Frame
Relay Service, and DS1/DS3 Circuit Emulation Service) requirements that allow
these services to be provided over an ATM connection. Telcordia has solicited and
received comments from suppliers and potential users. Progress in the ATM/
Broadband network standards, and the ATM Forum specifications has provided
further input. New considerations relating to Local Exchange Company (LEC)
service needs have also been identified.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Assumptions
2.1 User Applications and Service Assumptions
2.2 Services
2.3 BSS Architectural Assumptions
2.4 Customer Premises Node Assumptions
3. BSS Transport-Related Functions
3.1 General
3.2 ATM Switching Functions
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4. BSS Interfaces
4.1 Overview
4.2 ATM/Broadband User Network Interface
4.3 Intra-Network and Inter-Network ATM Characteristics
4.4 Operations Interface Requirements
4.5 Signaling System Number 7 Interface
4.6 Synchronization Interface
5. BSS Control-Related Functions
5.1 Addressing
5.2 Call/Connection Processing
5.3 Signaling
5.4 BSS Network Element Operations
6. Traffic Control and Congestion Control
6.1 Traffic Descriptor
6.2 Connection Admission Control
6.3 Usage Parameter Control
6.4 Network Parameter Control
6.5 Priority Control and Cell Tagging
6.6 Explicit Forward Congestion Indication
6.7 BSS Features in Support of ABR Services
6.8 Early Frame Discard
7. BSS Traffic Engineering
8. BSS Performance
8.1 Background
8.2 Reference Traffic Loads for Specification of BSS Performance
8.3 BSS Connection Setup Performance Objectives
8.4 BSS Connection Clearing Performance Objectives
8.5 BSS Connection Denial Performance Objectives
8.6 ATM Cell Transfer Performance Objectives Across a BSS
9. Reliability
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Hardware Reliability Modeling Methods
9.3 Hardware Reliability Parameters
9.4 Hardware Reliability Requirements
10. Usage Information to Support Billing
10.1 Motivations
10.2 Overview of the Usage Measurement Functions
10.3 Permanent Virtual Connection (PVC) Services
10.4 Intra-Network Switched Virtual Connection (SVC) Services
10.5 Inter-Network Switched Virtual Connection (SVC) Services
10.6 Transit Switched Virtual Connection (SVC)
10.7 Voice Services in ATM Networks
10.8 Measurement of Quality of Service Delivered
10.9 Implementation Architecture
10.10 Data Integrity, Quality, and Reliability
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10.11 Message Detail Recording
10.12 Phasing of Usage Measurement Capabilities
11. Spatial and Environmental Criteria
11.1 Power Supply Requirements
11.2 Equipment Design Requirements
11.3 Physical Requirements
11.4 Environmental Requirements
11.5 Electrical and Other Safety Requirements
12. Product Support
12.1 Documentation
12.2 Training
12.3 Supplier Support
13. Cell Relay Service
13.1 Introduction
13.2 BSS Transport-Related Functions
13.3 BSS Interfaces
13.4 BSS Control Related Functions
13.5 Traffic Control and Congestion Control
13.6 BSS Traffic Engineering
13.7 Performance
13.8 Reliability
13.9 Usage Information to Support Billing
14. Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service
14.1 Introduction
14.2 BSS Transport-Related Functions
14.3 BSS Interfaces
14.4 BSS Control Related Functions
14.5 Traffic Control and Congestion Control
14.6 BSS Traffic Engineering
14.7 Performance
14.8 Reliability
14.9 Usage Information to Support Billing
15. Frame Relay Service
15.1 Introduction
15.2 BSS Transport-Related Functions
15.3 BSS Interfaces
15.4 BSS Control Related Functions
15.5 Traffic Control and Congestion Control
15.6 BSS Traffic Engineering
15.7 Performance
15.8 Reliability
15.9 Usage Information to Support Billing
16. DS1/DS3 Circuit Emulation Service
16.1 Introduction
16.2 BSS Transport-Related Functions
16.3 BSS Interfaces
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16.4 BSS Control-Related Functions
16.5 Traffic Control and Congestion Control
16.6 BSS Traffic Engineering
16.7 Performance
16.8 Reliability
16.9 Usage Information to Support Billing
17. Interworking with Narrowband Networks
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Broadband/Narrowband Interworking Architectures Alternatives
17.3 Narrowband 64 kbps Voice Interworking Functions
17.4 Narrowband n x 64 kbps Data Interworking Functions
18. Service Access Multiplexer (SAM) Interface
18.1 Introduction
18.2 SAM Services Supported
18.3 SAM Interface Requirements
18.4 BSS Control-Related Functions
18.5 Traffic and Congestion Control
18.6 BSS Traffic Engineering
18.7 BSS Performance
18.8 Reliability
18.9 Usage Measurements to Support Billing
18.10 Spatial and Environmental Criteria
18.11 Product Support
Appendix A: Performance Parameter Definitions
A.1 Call Processing Performance
A.2 ATM Cell Transfer Performance Parameters
A.3 SMDS Performance Parameters
A.4 Frame Relay Service Performance Parameters
A.5 DS1/DS3 Circuit Emulation Performance Parameters
Appendix B: Protocol Data Unit Formats
B.1 ATM Layer Protocol Data Units
B.2 ATM Adaptation Layer Protocol Data Units
B.3 SMDS Connectionless Service Layer Protocol Data Units
B.4 SMDS Layer 3 Protocol Data Units
B.5 Frame Relay Service Protocol Data Units
Appendix C: Network Aspects
C.1 ATM/Broadband Network Principles
C.2 ATM/Broadband Network Protocol Architecture
C.3 Architectural Relationships to Existing and Service-Specific Networks
C.4 Connection Scenarios
C.5 Hypothetical Reference Connection
Appendix D: Proposed BAF Requirements
D.1 BAF Table Changes for Division 2 of GR-1100-CORE
D.2 BAF Structure Change for Division 3 of GR-1100-CORE
D.3 BAF Call Type Changes for Division 4 of GR-1100-CORE
D.4 BAF Module Changes for Division 5 of GR-1100-CORE
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GR-1241-CORE, Supplemental Service Control Point (SCP) Generic
Requirements
GR-1241 describes the Telcordia view of proposed generic requirements to support
the following features for Service Control Points (SCPs): processor outage; load
sharing of traffic based on 8-bit Signaling Link Selection (SLS) codes; congestion
control; Message Transfer Part (MTP) Restart; Signaling Connection Control Part
(SCCP) Connectionless Segmentation and Reassembly; cluster routing and
management; generalized routing procedures; MTP Routing Verification Test
(MRVT) and SCCP Routing Verification Test (SRVT); SCP Common Channel
Signaling (CCS) interface reliability; and additional SCCP procedures. The
information contained in this GR is meant as a supplement to GR-1280, GR-246, and
TR-NWT-000029. This GR is intended to inform SCP developers, CCS Network
Service Providers, and others about the Telcordia view of the above features.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. MTP Generic Requirements
2.1 Signaling Links
2.2 Processor Outage
2.3 MTP Restart
2.4 Load Sharing
2.5 Congestion Control Improvements
2.6 Cluster Routing and Management
2.7 MTP-Level Timers
2.8 MTP Service Indicator Fields
3. SCCP Generic Requirements
3.1 SCCP Connectionless Signaling Procedures
3.2 SCCP Connectionless Segmentation and Reassembly
3.3 SCCP Management
3.4 SCCP Hop Counter
4. Generalized Routing Procedures
4.1 Scope and Applicability
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Overview
4.4 Requirements for Features Using the GRP
4.5 Analysis Processing Units
4.6 Additional SCCP Message Formatting Requirements
4.7 Error Procedures
4.8 Administrative Data
5. MRVT/SRVT
6. SCP CCS Interface Reliability
6.1 SCP CCS Interface Downtime
6.2 MTP Downtime Objectives
6.3 MTP Hardware Downtime Requirements
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Appendix A: Noncircuit-Related Message Formats
A.1 Unitdata and Extended Unitdata Messages
A.2 Additional Information to Support Routing of TCAP Messages
Appendix B: Primitives to Support Routing of TCAP Messages
B.1 Primitives to Support Routing of TCAP Messages
B.2 Data Item Definitions
Appendix C: Technical Description of INS
C.1 Introduction
C.2 Motivation
C.3 INS Capability
C.4 Message Routing With SCCP INS
C.5 INS Symmetric Routing
C.6 Summary
Appendix D: Operations Requirements for Section 4.8
D.1 Introduction
D.2 Memory Administration Requirements
D.3 Surveillance Requirements
D.4 Traffic Measurement Requirements
Appendix E: Test Considerations for GRP
E.1 Introduction
Appendix F: Changes Required to Support Extended Access Links (E-Links)
F.1 Introduction
F.2 CCS Network Access
F.3 SCP Capacity
F.4 Signaling Data Link
F.5 Signaling Message Handling
F.6 Signaling Network Management
F.7 SCCP Message Handling
F.8 Operations Requirements
Appendix G: High-Speed Signaling Links (HSLs)
G.1 Introduction
G.2 ATM High-Speed Signaling Links (HSLs)
G.3 Internet Protocol Virtual High-Speed Signaling Links (IPVHSLs)
Appendix H: Support of SCCP/TCAP Signaling Over IP
H.1 Introduction
H.2 Motivation
Appendix I: SCP Functionality in an IMS Environment
I.1 Introduction
I.2 IMS Interworking to SCPs
I.3 Options for IMS Access to SCPs
I.4 Conclusion
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GR-1274-CORE, Generic Requirements for Reliability Qualification
Testing of Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs) Exposed to Airborne
Hygroscopic Dust
This document provides the Telcordia view of proposed minimum requirements for
qualifying telecommunications printed wiring assemblies (PWAs) with regard to
tolerance to hygroscopic dust found in indoor and outdoor environments.
Compliance with these generic requirements is intended to demonstrate that circuit
pack performance will not significantly degrade as a result of ordinary dust
contamination during use. Dust concentration, maximum electric field on circuit
boards, and cooling techniques (fan or convection) are the main parameters
influencing dust deposition rates. These generic requirements are intended to apply
to family designs of new technology, with the qualification test passed once for each
pertinent design or new design family. The test shall be performed in two steps: (1)
The PWAs shall be contaminated with a surface film reducing the surface insulation
resistance of the board at high relative humidity; and (2) The PWAs shall be tested
for functional performance and dynamic characteristics at high relative humidity.
Numerical simulation of the effect of contamination is an alternative to physically
testing the PWAs. However, if it can be proved that the PWAs are protected from
dust contamination, or that the relative humidity at the board level is maintained
lower than 40%, qualification is not necessary.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Test Description
2.1 General
2.2 Family Designs and Test Samples
2.3 Control Coupon
2.4 Surface Film
2.5 Test Environment
2.6 Functional Test
2.7 Analysis of Test Results
2.8 Test Sequence Summary
2.9 Test Report
3. Conclusion
Appendix A: Number of Years Necessary to Accumulate Enough Dust Particles to
Assure Connectivity
Appendix B: Deposition Techniques
Appendix C: Effect of Hygroscopic Salts on Surface Insulation Resistance and RHt
Determination Example
Appendix D: Example of Environment Control System
Appendix E: Example of Test Report
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GR-1280-CORE, Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) Service Control Point
(SCP) Generic Requirements
This document describes the view of Telcordia on generic requirements for an
Advanced Intelligent Network (AIN) Service Control Point (SCP). An AIN SCP is a
network system that supports the execution of service logic in response to queries
from switching systems equipped with AIN functionality. An AIN SCP may also
communicate with other entities such as other SCPs. A key characteristic of an AIN
SCP is its programmability by the exchange carrier. The SCP is viewed as a platform
on which application software developed by the local exchange carrier or its agent
may be deployed. The generic requirements in this GR are intended to facilitate SCP
interoperability with AIN 0.2 Switching Systems, AIN 0.1 Switching Systems, AIN
Release 0 Switching Systems, IN1 SCPs, other AIN SCPs, entities within Personal
Communications Services (PCS) service-provider networks, and Operations
Systems (OSs) in the AIN 0.2 time frame. In addition, the GR describes generic
requirements with respect to performance, reliability, environment, and other areas
that pertain to the operability and maintainability of an AIN SCP.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Service Control Point Overview
2.1 Reference Model
2.2 SCP Life Cycle Model
3. Communication Over the CCS Network
3.1 Information Templates
3.2 The SCP as a CCS Node
3.3 MTP and SCCP Processing at the AIN SCP
3.4 Transaction Capabilities Application Part
3.5 Domain Independent Processing
3.6 Common Domain Processing
3.7 Common Definitions for Error Handling
3.8 AIN 0.1/0.2 Communication
3.9 Generic Communication Capability
3.10 Special Considerations - AIN Release 0
3.11 Special Considerations - PCS Phase 1 Access Services
3.12 Special Considerations - PCS Phase 2 Access Services
4. Platform Autonomous Processing
4.1 Condition Registers
4.2 Thresholded Counters
4.3 Measurement Counters
4.4 Measurement Set Collector
4.5 Application Process Logs
4.6 Call History Logs
4.7 Maintenance Event Log
4.8 Measurement Set Data Log
4.9 Application Process Exercisers
4.10 Network Traffic Management
4.11 External Update Notifications
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4.12 Data and Program Backup and Restoration
4.13 Audits
5. SCP-SMS Communication
5.1 Protocol Specification
5.2 Message Handling
6. SCP-NMA/SCCS Communication
6.1 Physical Layer Interfaces
6.2 Maintenance Input/Output Channel
6.3 Critical Indicator Channel
6.4 Emergency Action Interface Channel
7. SCP-SEAS™ System Communication
7.1 SCP-SEAS Interface Communication Protocol
7.2 SCP-to-SEAS Automatic Messages
7.3 Measurement Set Messages
8. Supplier-Specific Administration
8.1 General Information
8.2 Service Administration
8.3 Other Administration Functions
9. Automatic Message Accounting (AMA)
9.1 AMA Impacts on Service Creation and Deployment
9.2 AIN AMA Process Model
9.3 Timing
9.4 AMA Quality, Reliability and Data Integrity
10. Application Support Processing
10.1 Basic Philosophy
10.2 Process Management
10.3 Inter-Process Communications
10.4 External Communications
10.5 Asynchronous-Event Handling
10.6 Time Management
10.7 Data Management
10.8 Common Application Routines
10.9 Flexible Service Logic Support
11. Performance
11.1 Methodology
11.2 Definitions
11.3 Description of Benchmark Transactions
11.4 SCP Response Time
11.5 SCP Capacity
12. Capacity Engineering
12.1 Message Processing Capacity Estimation
12.2 Capacity Engineering Measurements
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13. Reliability and Quality
13.1 AIN SCP Downtime
13.2 Replication to Achieve High Availability
13.3 Reliability and Quality Switching Systems Generic Requirements
14. Security
14.1 Identification and Authentication
14.2 System Access Control
14.3 Resource Access Control
14.4 Security Audit
14.5 Security Administration
14.6 Application Program Security
14.7 Communications Interface Security
15. Environment
15.1 Power
15.2 Equipment
15.3 Electromagnetic and Electrical Environment
16. Supplier Support
Appendix A: Application Program Guidelines
A.1 Purpose
A.2 PCS Description
A.3 Service Creation Guidelines
Appendix B: Proposed BAF Requirements for TR-NWT-001100
B.1 BAF Table Changes Proposed for Division 2 of TR-NWT-001100
B.2 BAF Structure Changes Proposed for Division 3 of TR-NWT-001100
B.3 BAF Call Type Changes Proposed for Division 4 of TR-NWT-001100
Appendix C: Listing Requirements and Objectives
C.1 Requirements
C.2 Conditional Requirements
C.3 Objectives
C.4 Conditional Objectives
GR-1312-CORE, Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber Amplifiers and
Proprietary Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Systems
GR-1312 provides the proposed generic criteria for the performance and reliability
of Optical Fiber Amplifiers (OFAs) and proprietary Dense Wavelength-Division
Multiplexed (DWDM) systems. The criteria can be used to determine if the OFA or
the DWDM system possesses the features, functions, and characteristics claimed by
the supplier, and increases the likelihood that the product in question will perform
according to the expectations of the user. OFAs are intended for use in interoffice,
loop feeder, ring, and fiber-in-the-loop applications. The OFAs in this document may
be stand-alone system elements, or may be composite OFAs that include a passive
element such as a wavelength-division multiplexer/demultiplexer or passive
dispersion compensator. (OFAs with active elements, such as transmitter or
receivers, are not included at this time.) These can be inserted as a ‘black-box’ into
the network. Proprietary DWDM systems may or may not contain OFAs, and are also
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treated as a black-box. The internal interfaces are proprietary, and only external
interfaces are considered in this GR. The document covers the structure and
operation of OFAs and of DWDM systems configurations. Criteria include optical,
maintenance, environmental, electrical, and mechanical aspects. Performance
verification test procedures are covered. Network management issues include
protocols, fault performance, configuration management, and security. Finally,
criteria for reliability assurance, qualification, and lot controls are provided.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Optical Fiber Amplifiers
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Basic Components
2.3 EDFA Principles
2.4 EDFA Design Considerations
2.5 Other Types of OFAs
2.6 Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers
2.7 Black-Box Assumption
2.8 System Configurations
2.9 OFA Regions of Operation
2.10 Optical Safety
3. Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Systems
3.1 DWDM Motivation
3.2 Approaches for DWDM Systems
3.3 Transversely Compatible and Proprietary Systems
3.4 Wavelength Standards
3.5 Subsystems
3.6 Optical Supervisory Channel
3.7 Fiber Choices
3.8 DWDM Bit-Rates
3.9 Definitions
4. General Criteria - OFAs
4.1 OFA Product Documentation
4.2 OFA Physical Design Criteria
5. General Criteria - DWDM Systems
5.1 DWDM System Product Documentation
5.2 DWDM Physical Design Criteria
6. Performance Criteria - OFAs
6.1 General Criteria for OFAs
6.2 Criteria for OFAs in DWDM Systems
7. Performance Criteria - DWDM Systems
7.1 General Requirements
7.2 Wavelength Requirements
7.3 BER and Q-Factor Performance Requirements
7.4 Components
7.5 DWDM Fiber
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7.6 Dispersion Compensation
7.7 Power Requirements
7.8 Interface Criteria
7.9 Reflection Criteria
7.10 OC-192 System Requirements
7.11 Optical Supervisory Channel
7.12 Loss of Signal and Optical Protection Switching
7.13 Optical Monitoring and Surveillance
7.14 Maintenance Criteria
7.15 Performance Monitoring
7.16 Control Features
7.17 Environmental Criteria
7.18 Electrical Criteria
7.19 Mechanical Criteria
8. Performance Verification Test Procedures
8.1 Test Procedures for OFAs
8.2 Test Procedures for DWDM Systems
8.3 References for This Section
9. DWDM Network Management
9.1 The Generic Management Communications Architecture
9.2 Generic Management Communications
9.3 Mediation Devices
9.4 Gateway Functionality
9.5 Operations Communications Physical Interfaces
9.6 Communications Protocols
9.7 ONE-OS Communications Interface Requirements
9.8 Management Functional Areas
9.9 Fault Management For Proprietary DWDM Networks
9.10 Performance Management For Proprietary DWDM Networks
9.11 Configuration Management For Proprietary DWDM Networks
9.12 Security Requirements
10. Reliability Assurance Criteria
10.1 Reliability Assurance Programs for OFAs and DWDM Equipment
10.2 Qualification and Lot Controls of Components Used in Products
10.3 Qualification and Lot Controls of Assembled OFAs
10.4 Reliability Assurance for DWDM Systems
GR-1315-CORE, In-Process Quality Metrics Generic Requirements
This Generic Requirements document (GR) describes the Telcordia view of generic
requirements for In-Process Quality Metrics (IPQM) to be implemented during the
development and maintenance of software by a supplier for a typical Local
Exchange Carrier (LEC).
This GR defines generic process requirements for effective project and process
management, and identifies a set of metrics to be used to measure progress toward
project goals.
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The objective of IPQM is to: (1) help motivate the development of more accurate and
complete project plans, schedules, staffing and process requirements; (2) encourage
estimation and forecasting of key software development and quality variables,
including fielded reliability and quality (i.e., RQMS measures); (3) promote a
framework to identify and manage deviations in project performance; and (4)
provide a means to identify process weaknesses.
This GR focuses on the life cycle activities of project and process planning and
software development. The processes and metrics defined in this GR are oriented
toward the software product as it is being defined and developed. Quality
measurements oriented toward the software product once it is operating in the field,
including service, are contained in GR-929-CORE, Reliability and Quality
Measurements for Telecommunications Systems (RQMS-Wireline).
The value of In-Process Quality Metrics to the customers is the assurance that these
requirements present a set of good internal metrics that can be implemented to
enable suppliers to effectively manage their software processes.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Requirements
2.1 Measurement Framework
2.2 Measurement Methodology
2.3 Measurement Criteria
3. Project Management
3.1 Description
3.2 Software System Size
3.3 Personnel Resource Management
3.4 Project Planning and Scheduling
3.5 Milestone Monitoring
3.6 Phase Transition Monitoring
3.7 Requirements and Design Stability
3.8 Test Tracking
4. Process Effectiveness
4.1 Description
4.2 Requirements Traceability
4.3 Defect Removal and Tracking
4.4 Defect Detection Effectiveness and Profiling
4.5 Defect Prediction and Estimation Metrics
5. Process Compliance
5.1 Description
5.2 Audits
Appendix A: In-Process Quality Metrics Examples
A.1 Purpose
A.2 Project Management Metrics
A.3 Software Size and Variance Metrics
A.4 Process Effectiveness
A.5 Process Compliance
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Appendix B: In-Process Quality Metrics Threshold Criteria
B.1 In-Process Quality Metrics Scoring Scheme
Appendix C: In-Process Quality Metrics Action Plan
C.1 Action Plan Details
Appendix D: NCSL Counting Rules
D.1 Non-Commented Lines of Source Code (NCSL)
D.2 Functional Points (FP)
Appendix E: IPQM, Key Process Areas and Process Maturity
GR-1323-CORE, Supplier Data - Comprehensive Generic Requirements
Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) or other service providers may choose to use
Quality and Reliability (Q&R) information to help assure the quality of procured
products and services and as input to procurement decisions. Information derived
from suppliers’ Q&R data assists a LEC and other service providers to consider the
affects of Q&R on total cost of product procurements, operation, and maintenance.
This Generic Requirements document (GR) provides a framework to request such
Q&R data and for suppliers to respond. It suggests criteria for a supplier’s system for
collecting and reporting data and for completing and returning standard report
forms and/or standard Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) transactions.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Supplier Data Process Overview
2.1 Steps in the Reporting Process
2.2 Information Products of the Q&R Data Reporting Process
3. A Supplier’s System for Collecting and Reporting Q&R Data (The System)
3.1 Supplier Self-Review Report
3.2 Specific Requirements for the System
3.3 Additional System Requirements for Requested Options
4. The Request Form
4.1 Supplier Location Code, Requester, Alternate Reporting Addresses, and
Requesting Companies
4.2 Definition and Start Date
4.3 Product Reference Codes and Standards
4.4 Supplier Q&R Data System Requirements
4.5 Type of Data Requested
4.6 Ongoing Report Schedule
4.7 Notes and Requestor Contact
5. Instructions for Q&R Data Reports
5.1 Common Requirements for Delivering Forms
5.2 Alternate Report Forms
5.3 Determining What Forms to Use
5.4 Common Requirements for Data Items
5.5 Specific Requirements for Each Report Form
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6. Forms and Data Item Definitions
6.1 Data Item Definitions
6.2 Q&R Data Forms
7. Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) of Q&R Data
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Q&R Data Requests Including EDI
7.3 SDR Data - EDI Data Translation Tables
7.4 List of Tables
7.5 Explanation of Tables and Application
7.6 Loops
7.7 Columns
GR-1339-CORE, Generic Reliability Requirements for Digital CrossConnect Systems
This document provides the view of Telcordia on generic hardware reliability and
field reliability performance requirements that in the view of Telcordia are
appropriate for most Digital Cross-Connect Systems (DCSs) network applications.
It is the view of Telcordia that the requirements set forth in this document meet the
needs of the customer for high availability services, customer configurable
networks, and network restoration management. Future applications may place
even higher demands on DCS reliability than the generic requirements set forth in
this document.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Digital Cross-Connect Systems
2.1 Classification of DCSs
2.2 Functional Description
2.3 DCS Evolution
3. Hardware Reliability Criteria
3.1 Hardware Downtime Requirements
3.2 Method of Estimating Hardware Downtime
3.3 Hardware Design Criteria
4. Operations and Maintenance Design Criteria
4.1 Trouble Detection and Notification
4.2 Repair and Restore
4.3 Routine Maintenance
4.4 Data Integrity
4.5 Emergency Control
4.6 System Defensiveness
5. Field Reliability Performance Criteria
5.1 Definitions
5.2 Total System Service Outage
5.3 Partial System Service Outage
5.4 Network Element Management Outage
5.5 Service Restoral Time
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5.6 Software Reliability
5.7 Average Circuit Pack Return Rate
5.8 Summary of In-Service Performance Criteria
6. Growth and Upgrade Criteria
6.1 Port Availability
6.2 Total System Availability
6.3 Control System Availability
GR-2813-CORE, Generic Requirements for Software Reliability Prediction
A prediction of reliability is an important element of Local Exchange Carrier (LEC)
equipment selection. In the past, such a statement concerning reliability has implied
hardware reliability. However, software’s role in the operation of
telecommunications equipment has become increasingly important. This document
presents the Telcordia view of attributes that a software reliability model is required
to possess. It proposes a model framework which meets these attributes and thus
may be used for prediction. In order to promote the continued development of
improved models and to allow current models to be continually validated, this
document also presents requirements for data collecting necessary for supporting
software reliability prediction.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 Software Release
2.2 Software Faults
2.3 Software Failures
2.4 Failure Processes
3. Requirements
3.1 Software Reliability Metrics for Ongoing Operations
3.2 Software Reliability Metrics for Installation
3.3 Data Requirements
3.4 Software Reliability Prediction Models
Appendix A: Example Model
A.1 Model Objective
A.2 Data for Model Predictions
A.3 A Poisson Regression Model
GR-2840-CORE, Generic Requirements for Environmental Stressing
Applied to Telecommunications Products
This document, developed with an industry group, presents generic requirements
for environmental stressing applied to telecommunications products.
Environmental stressing involves the application of multiple stress stimuli beyond
specification limits to reveal latent defects in assemblies, sub-systems, and systems.
Latent defects present in incoming parts and those created in manufacturing are
turned into failure-inducing patent defects. Root causes are analyzed and the
problems corrected before the products reach customers, thereby reducing early
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life failures. During environmental stressing, conditions do not simulate operating
environments, and are outside product specifications. The objective of
environmental stressing is to improve product reliability and robustness for the
customer. To be most effective, environmental stressing should be performed as
early as possible in the product life cycle.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Environmental Stressing
2.1 When to Perform Environmental Stressing
2.2 Cost Effectiveness of Environmental Stressing
2.3 Determination of the Environmental Stressing Protocol
2.4 Application of the Environmental Stressing Protocol
2.5 Reporting on Environmental Stressing
3. Conclusion
Appendix A: Requirement-Object List
Appendix B: Examples of Cost/Benefit Analyses for Environmental Stressing
B.1 Case Study I
B.2 Case Study II
Appendix C: Examples of Stress Stimuli
C.1 Temperature Cycling Stressing
C.2 Random Vibration Stressing
C.3 Power Cycling Stressing
C.4 Voltage Cycling Stressing
Appendix D: Typical Defects Revealed Using Temperature Cycling and Vibration
Appendix E: Examples of Environmental Stressing Protocols
GR-2841-CORE, Generic Requirements for Operations System Platform
Reliability
The role of Operations System (OS) functionality is rapidly transitioning from
supporting background administrative, engineering, provisioning, and maintenance
processes to supporting essentially real-time customer service provisioning,
control, and network reconfiguration/recovery. The network’s increased
dependence on the OS has focused attention on the need for their reliability. To
ensure the reliability of OSs, an overall reliability assurance program that covers the
entire life cycle of an OS needs to be established. Developing reliability
requirements is the first step towards realizing such an assurance program. This
document defines the Telcordia view of generic requirements for the reliability of
the OS platform, which includes the hardware and computer operating system
software.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Operations System Reliability
2.1 Classes of OS Reliability
2.2 Degrees of Availability
3. OS Platform Reliability Parameters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hardware
3.3 Software
3.4 Planned Downtime
3.5 All Causes Downtime
4. Hardware Reliability Requirements
4.1 Hardware Downtime
4.2 Reliability Modeling Methods
5. Software Reliability Requirements
5.1 OS Platform System Restart Time
5.2 OS Platform Software Restart Frequency
6. Planned Downtime
7. Additional Required Capabilities
7.1 Trouble Detection
7.2 Trouble Isolation
7.3 OS Platform Recovery
7.4 Trouble Notification
8. Physical and Electrical Protection of OSs
9. Summary of Requirements and Objectives
9.1 RC2 System Requirements/Objectives
9.2 RC3 System Requirements/Objectives
GR-2853-CORE, Generic Requirements for AM/Digital Video Laser
Transmitters, Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Receivers
Recent advances in optical communication technology make it possible to
contemplate the economic installation of AM/Digital video laser transmitters and
receivers in interoffice, loop-feeder and subscriber loop distribution single-mode
fiber optic transmission systems. AM/Digital video laser transmitters and receivers
are critical in determining the multi-supplier compatibility and cost-effectiveness of
these fiber systems. This document provides the Telcordia view of generic
requirements and characteristics of AM/Digital video laser transmitters and
receivers, including requirements for reliability, operations and surveillance.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 General Product Description
2.2 Types of Transmitters and Receivers Considered
2.3 Applications
3. General and Design Criteria
3.1 Physical Design Criteria
3.2 Operation
3.3 Maintenance
3.4 Product Information
3.5 Product and Packaging Markings
4. Performance Criteria
4.1 Optical Transmitters
4.2 Optical Receivers
4.3 AM/Digital Video Transport System Criteria
4.4 EDFA-Based AM/Digital Video Transport System Criteria
4.5 Environmental Criteria
4.6 Power Criteria
4.7 Electromagnetic Interference and Electrostatic Discharge
5. Performance Verification/Test Procedures
5.1 Optical Laser Transmitters
5.2 Optical Receivers
5.3 AM/Digital Video Transport System Tests
5.4 EDFA-Based AM/Digital Video Transport System Tests
5.5 Environmental Performance Testing
5.6 Power Criteria
5.7 Electromagnetic Interference and Electrostatic Discharge
6. Reliability and Quality Assurance Program
6.1 System Reliability and Service Availability Criteria
6.2 Manufacturer Testing
6.3 Manufacturing and Assembly Reliability
6.4 Component Reliability Assurance
7. Surveillance Functionality
7.1 Alarm Surveillance
7.2 Performance Monitoring (PM)
7.3 Failure Identification Functions
7.4 Recovery and Control Functions
Appendix A: Summary of Applicable TL1 Messages
A.1 Input Commands and Automatic Messages
A.2 Condition Types
A.3 Notification Codes and Service Effects
A.4 Threshold Control and PM Command Parameters
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GR-2888-CORE, Generic Requirements for Hardware Used to Install
Broadband Coaxial Cable Networks
There has always been a need for good quality hardware to install metallic/fiber
telecommunications cable, and the installation of Coaxial Cable also requires
hardware. Although some of the hardware is unique to coaxial cable, it still should
meet the quality and reliability standards that are required of existing hardware. This
document outlines the view of Telcordia on generic requirements for hardware used
to install broadband coaxial cable networks used in a typical Local Exchange
Carrier (LEC) or other service providers’ network environment. The document
includes the physical, mechanical, chemical, and environmental requirements and
the corresponding test methods for product analysis.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Requirements
2.1 Design Changes
2.2 Environment for Hardware
2.3 Performance Testing
2.4 Materials
2.5 Toxic Materials
2.6 Construction Safety
2.7 Human Factors
2.8 Documentation
2.9 Marking and Packaging
2.10 Quality
3. Hardware Used for Installing Broadband Coaxial Cable Networks
3.1 Hardware Included in this Document
4. Environmental Requirements
4.1 Temperature Cycling with Humidity
4.2 Salt Fog
4.3 Airborne Contaminants Corrosion
4.4 UV Degradation
GR-2903-CORE, Reliability Assurance Practices for Fiber Optic Data
Links
This document provides the Telcordia view of generic technical requirements for
Voice Grade Special Access (VGSA) Services and IntraLATA Private Line Services
(IPLS) offered by Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) to their customers. The
document distinguishes between service features, defines valid interfaces for the
services described, and provides transmission performance parameter limits used
when assessing the quality of the channel over which the service is delivered. The
services described are presented in sufficient technical detail to help a customer to
select an appropriate configuration for incorporation into an end-to-end
communications channel. The transmission requirements and limits provided are
applicable to the portion of the circuit contained on the network side of the network
interface (NI) or point of termination (POT). The NI and the POT are the physical
points of demarcation between the LEC facility and the customer’s facility that
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establish the technical interface and division of responsibility. The document is not
intended to provide specific ordering information. Customers must interface with
their service provider to determine which options and configurations are available
in their respective area of operations.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 General Applications
2.2 Product Description
2.3 Field Experiences
3. Reliability Assurance Overview and Philosophy
3.1 Overview of Reliability Assurance
3.2 Reliability Assurance Requirements Philosophy
4. Qualification and Lot-to-Lot Controls
4.1 Optical Source
4.2 Photodetector Module
4.3 Wavelength Division Multiplexer
4.4 Optical Adhesive
4.5 Other Electronic Components
4.6 Hybrid Circuits
4.7 Printed Wiring Boards
4.8 Optical Splices and Connectors
4.9 Optical Fiber
4.10 Fiber Optic Data Link Module
5. Reliability Prediction and Reliability Analysis
5.1 Failure Rate Prediction
5.2 Quality and Reliability Criteria
GR-2912-CORE, Generic Requirements for Reliability in Manufacturing
This document describes the scope of an analysis of a supplier’s hardware design,
engineering, manufacturing, workmanship, and component management processes
from the receiving area through to the finished product and final shipment. This
document is applicable to newly manufactured products as well as to products
returned for repair.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Information
2.1 General Requirement
2.2 Control of Procured Material
2.3 Manufacturing Processes
2.4 Technology and Reliability Management
3. Conclusion
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GR-2914-CORE, Human Factors Requirements for Equipment to Improve
Network Reliability
This document proposes generic requirements to help improve the design of the
Maintenance User Interface (MUI) of network equipment. The generic requirements
pertain to both hardware and software interfaces between network equipment and
the technicians who perform maintenance activity on the equipment. These generic
requirements bear on remote network Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
systems as well as local system consoles. This document facilitates the accessibility
of all human factors proposed generic requirements related to network equipment
and network reliability. The generic requirements contained in this document
supersede all existing human factors generic requirements, as of the publication
date. The proposed generic requirements in this document apply to new equipment
as of December 1998. These generic requirements may also be applied to new
subcomponents or additions to existing equipment where the hardware and
software interfaces are evolving.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Background Information
2.1 Document Background
2.2 Criteria Common to Switching and Transport NEs
2.3 Differences between Switching and Transport
3. Hardware Labeling
4. Trouble Notification and Alarms
4.1 Trouble Notification
4.2 Alarm Requirements
5. Status Indicators
6. Output Messages
6.1 Status Messages
6.2 Automatic Messages
7. Diagnostics
7.1 Trouble Isolation
7.2 Error Analysis
8. System Integrity
9. System Responses
10. Translations/Provisioning
11. Restoration of Equipment to Active or Standby State
12. Software Designations
13. Command Language Dialogue
14. Form Design and Data Input
15. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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16. Repairs
16.1 Software Repairs
16.2 Hardware Repairs
17. Physical Aspects of the NE
18. Documentation
18.1 Comprehension
18.2 Risk Assessment
19. Method of Procedures
20. Test Methods
20.1 Test Method for Identifying Target Component, Status, or Label
20.2 Test Method for Identifying Target Frame/Line Up
20.3 Test Method for Trouble Notification Detection
20.4 Test Method for Alarm Detection
20.5 Test Method for Target Message or Visual Element Comprehension
20.6 Test Method for Display Maintenance
20.7 Test Method for Light and Display Testing
20.8 Test Method for Documentation Comprehension
GR-3020-CORE, Nickel Cadmium Batteries in the Outside Plant
GR-3020 addresses the safety and performance issues of nickel cadmium (NiCd)
batteries intended for use as backup power systems in telecommunications outside
plant. NiCd batteries have a longer service and shelf life than lead acid batteries, and
have an inherent ruggedness that will allow them to withstand harsh environments.
The flooded NiCd battery is significantly more thermally stable than the Valve
Regulated Lead Acid (VLRA) battery that is presently widely deployed. The NiCd
battery tolerates changes in temperature and high temperatures better than the
VRLA battery. High temperatures found in warm, sunny climates do not decrease the
service life of NiCd batteries to the same degree as VRLA batteries. For example, at
1250° F, the life of a NiCd battery is half that at 770° F, in comparison to the VRLA
battery life, which is reduced by an order of magnitude. NiCd batteries are
constructed of more expensive materials than lead, and therefore cost appreciably
more than VRLA batteries. However, it is anticipated that their longer lives will
offset the initial cost penalty. The failure modes of the flooded NiCd battery are
generally more gradual and predictable than those of the VRLA battery, translating
into a more reliable product. A flooded battery does require water additions, but the
initial field results indicate that the maintenance effort for the two technologies is
similar. The NiCd battery, as it is presently manufactured, is somewhat limited in
physical size, but is well suited to applications in outdoor telecommunications
cabinets. The NiCd battery is compatible with presently deployed charging systems,
but could also benefit from more sophisticated chargers that may be deployed for
VRLA batteries. The document includes sections on electrical, chemical,
environmental, physical design, and quality and reliability requirements. It also
includes a section on documentation requirements, testing requirements, and
auxiliary charging devices. The target audience for GR-3020 includes
telecommunications service providers (power engineers, battery installers, and
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battery maintenance personnel), original equipment manufacturers (power system
designers), battery manufacturers, and telecommunications power systems
consultants.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Electrical Requirements
2.1 Capacity
2.2 Charging
2.3 Float Voltage
2.4 Recharge Efficiency
2.5 Short Circuit
2.6 Cycling
2.7 Discharge Rate
2.8 Service Life
2.9 Shelf Life
2.10 Charge Retention
3. Chemical Requirements
3.1 Electrolyte
3.2 Gassing
3.3 Dry-Out and Water Loss
3.4 Thermal Runaway
4. Environmental Requirements
4.1 Operating Environment
4.2 Altitude
4.3 Handling
4.4 Earthquake
4.5 Airborne Contaminants
4.6 Electrostatic Discharge
5. Physical Design Requirements
5.1 Container
5.2 Covers
5.3 Terminal Posts
5.4 Flame Arresters
5.5 Vent Caps
5.6 Plates
5.7 Separators
5.8 Weight
5.9 Accessories
5.10 Marking
5.11 Packaging
5.12 Mounting Arrangements
6. Quality and Reliability Requirements
6.1 Quality
6.2 Reliability
7. Documentation Requirements
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8. Auxiliary Charging Devices
9. Testing Requirements
9.1 General
9.2 Electrical Test Requirements
9.3 Chemical Test Requirements
9.4 Environmental Tests Requirements
9.5 Physical Design Test Requirements
SR-NWT-000821, Field Reliability Performance Study Handbook
This handbook discusses several approaches for conducting a Field Reliability
Performance Study (FRPS). The major objectives of an FRPS are to analyze a
product’s performance in the field and to identify corrective action items that the
manufacturer or user should consider to improve the product’s quality. The
handbook is primarily intended for use by Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) or other
service providers who wish to run their own studies. However, many of the
principles apply to any FRPS administered by Telcordia or telecommunications
equipment suppliers for assessing the in-service performance of products/systems.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Purpose and Scope
2.1 Quantifiable Characteristics
2.2 Qualitative Characteristics
3. What Products Should Be Studied?
4. Study Population
4.1 Minimum Number of Units
4.2 Centralized Population
4.3 Representative Sample
4.4 New Versus Repaired Units
5. Types of Field Reliability Performance Study
6. Detailed Field Reliability Performance Study
6.1 Guidelines for Considering the Detailed Approach
6.2 Planning a Detailed Field Performance Study
6.3 Considerations in Tracking Procedures
6.4 Determining the Sample Size
6.5 Preparing the Study Materials
6.6 Software Support Tools
6.7 Field Performance Study Team
6.8 Summary of Steps in Conducting the Study
7. PICS/DCPR Reports
7.1 Reports to be Used
7.2 Inventory Data
7.3 Removal Data
7.4 Removal Rates
7.5 Failure Rates
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8. Serialized Bar Code
8.1 Basic Steps
8.2 Future Development
9. Sample Size Guidelines
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Percentage Defective Cases
9.3 Failure Rate Cases
9.4 Summary of Sources
10. Data Analysis and Reports
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Estimating Initially Defective Percentages - One Sample
10.3 Estimating Initially Defective Percentages - Two Samples
10.4 Estimating Steady-State Failure Rates
10.5 Comparing Two Steady-State Failure Rates
10.6 Estimating Early-Life Failure Rates
10.7 Summary of Sources
10.8 Replacement Rates
10.9 Reporting of Replacement/Failure Rates
11. Compliance and Missing Data
12. Survey
13. Analysis of Software Performance Data
13.1 Software Fault Data
13.2 Software Data Analysis
14. Reliability and Quality Measurements Reports
14.1 Determination of Study Population and Period
14.2 List of RQMS Report Measurements
14.3 Useful Measurements in Field Performance Studies
14.4 Input Format and Report Examples
15. Followup for Corrective Action
15.1 General
15.2 Product Performance Meetings
15.3 Action Item Register
15.4 Reliability Review Forums
Appendix A. A Flow Chart of Movements of Removed Units
Appendix B. Minimum Sample Size for One Proportion
Appendix C. Minimum Sample Size for Comparing Two Proportions
Appendix D. Factors for the Sample Size and Confidence Interval Computations
Appendix E. Threshold of Significance (F A,B) for Comparing Two Failure Rates
Appendix F. An Example of a Survey of Supplier Documentation and Product
Support
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Appendix G. An Example of a Survey of Training
Appendix H. An Example of an Action Item Register
SR-TSY-001130, Reliability and System Architecture Testing
Reliability and System Architecture Testing (RSAT) is a method for assessing the
reliability characteristics of a switching system. These characteristics include fault
tolerance, fault detection, and system recovery, and the effects of these actions on
call processing, billing, etc. This Special Report (SR) describes RSAT as performed
for circuit switching systems by Telcordia. The document also provides an overview
of the types of RSAT tests, the necessary pre-test activities, and the equipment and
test conditions typically needed to perform such tests.
Contents
1. Purpose
2. Introduction
3. Pre-Test Planning
3.1 Training
3.2 Review of Architecture
3.3 Review of Findings
3.4 Site Review
3.5 Test Script Preparation
3.6 Coordination
3.7 Trial Procedure
4. Site Testing
4.1 Preparation of Equipment
4.2 Test Conditions
5. Parameters Measured
6. Test Description
6.1 Preliminary Reliability Tests
6.2 Reliability Architecture Tests
6.3 Reliability Parameter Tests
6.4 Operations Reliability Tests
6.5 Environmental Reliability Tests
7. Analysis of Test Results and Reporting
SR-1171, Methods and Procedures for System Reliability Analysis
Telecommunications consumers demand a high degree of availability of service.
Telecommunications systems achieve this high availability by employing faulttolerant architectures (e.g., redundancy for critical system components) and
efficient fault detection and recovery mechanisms. The high reliability of the
telecommunications network components makes the accumulation of system
operating data that is needed to quantify long-term reliability by straightforward
methods difficult, if not impractical. System Reliability Modeling and Analysis
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(SRMA) is the means by which the reliability of telecommunications systems can be
quantified. System reliability modeling and analysis is defined as the reliability
assurance discipline employed to assess the ability of complex systems of
moderately reliable components to meet high reliability, availability, and
maintenance (RAM) objectives. With the advent of new, complex architectures,
there is a greater maintenance burden on a system owner. SRMA can quantitatively
assess such burdens to determine whether a system can meet maintainability
objectives with the allotted maintenance resources. It can also be used to optimize
repair or maintenance strategies.
Issue 3:
• Is consistent with the latest version of SR-332, Reliability Prediction Procedure
for Electronic Equipment
• Characterizes service availability objectives for today’s data networks
• Includes definitions for Device and System, as well as common reliability
measurement parameters such as Failure Rate, Mean-Time-Between Failure
(MTBF), Mean-Time-To-Repair (MTTR), Availability, Unavailability, and
Downtime.
• Describes the appropriate parameters of reliability for a series system (i.e.,
MTBF) versus a parallel redundant system (i.e., Downtime).
• Contains an example of optimizing repair and maintenance strategies when
equipment is located on top of a cell tower.
• Compares the relationship between availability and downtime, and provides the
necessary operating and environmental conditions for predicting component
failure rate parameters.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Relationship of this Special Report to Other Telcordia Documents
3. Definitions
4. Guidelines for a Requesting Organization
4.1 Identify Intent of the Analysis
4.2 Define a Failure in the System
4.3 Define the Reliability Objectives
4.4 Provide the Necessary Parameters
4.5 Verify the Results
5. Guidelines for System Reliability Prediction
5.1 Steps in System Reliability Modeling and Analysis
5.2 Elements of a System Reliability Model
6. Graphical Methods for Representing the System Architecture
6.1 Functional Block Diagrams
6.2 Reliability Block Diagrams
6.3 State Transition Diagrams
6.4 Example of Redundant Load Sharing Power Supplies
6.5 Comparison of Reliability Block and State Transition Diagrams
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7. Basic Concepts
7.1 The Exponential Distribution
7.2 Renewal Theory Results
8. Analyzing Reliability Block Diagrams
8.1 The Combinatorial Method
8.2 Difficulties and Assumptions of the Combinatorial Method
9. State Space Methods
9.1 Creating State Transition Diagrams
9.2 Solution of the Markov Model
9.3 Nonexponential Times to Events
9.4 Examples of Markov Modeling
9.5 Difficulties and Assumptions of Markov Models
10. Comparison of Combinatorial and State Space Methods
10.1 Both Methods Applicable
10.2 Neither Method Appropriate
11. Measures of System Reliability
11.1 Unavailability and Availability
11.2 Limiting Frequencies
11.3 Other Measures of Reliability
11.4 Other Common Measures of RAM
12. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
12.1 System Reliability Requirements in GR-512-CORE
12.2 Other Reliability Measures
SR-TSY-001369, Introduction to Reliability of Laser Diodes and Modules
To a great extent, the current success of fiber optic systems has been made possible
by the tremendous advances in the performance and reliability of semiconductor
lasers. Unfortunately, the procedures and methods for demonstrating and ensuring
the quality and reliability of lasers have not matured at the same rate. Virtually no
industry standards exist for many aspects of laser quality and reliability. Laser users
have benefited from the rapid evolution of technology, but find laser manufacturers’
reliability claims almost impossible to unravel. This Special Report (SR) is written
as an introductory tutorial on the reliability of semiconductor laser diodes and
modules. It is specifically concerned with lasers used in telecommunications
applications, but it is relevant for almost any application where reliability is an
important consideration. The SR reviews many design issues and describes possible
failure modes of semiconductor lasers and reliability assurance practices to avoid
these problems, with the focus on screening and qualification practices. A method
for calculating predicted reliability from life tests is also presented.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Design Issues and Failure Modes
2.1 Laser Diode
2.2 Laser Module
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2.3 Component Parts
2.4 Summary
3. Screening
3.1 Laser Diode
3.2 Laser Module
3.3 Component Parts
4. Qualification Practices
4.1 Laser Diode Characterization
4.2 Laser Module Characterization
4.3 Mechanical Tests
4.4 Laser Diode Endurance Tests
4.5 Laser Module Endurance Tests
4.6 Special Tests
4.7 Other Module Components
4.8 Requalification/Reliability Monitors
5. Reliability Predictions
5.1 Wear-Out Failures
5.2 Random Failures
5.3 Other Issues
5.4 Reliability Prediction Summary
6. Concluding Remarks
SR-1547, The Analysis and Use of Software Reliability and Quality Data
The analysis of any process or product depends on the judicious use of
measurements, i.e., data. Organizations can spend tremendous resources on
collecting data without careful consideration of why they are engaged in these
activities and how the data are to be analyzed once collected. This can result in
organizations proposing elaborate guidelines and requirements for the collection of
data while giving only vague indications of the purpose of the data collection. This
Special Report (SR) takes the general point of view that the main reason for
collecting reliability and quality data is to analyze it in such a way that objective
conclusions and decisions can be made. The SR presents the Telcordia view of
methods for measuring, analyzing, and modeling software reliability and quality. An
attempt has been made to avoid overly complex models; however, in some cases,
successful use of the methods does require software that is not included. This
document applies to network switching elements (local switch, tandem switch,
signal transfer point, etc.), transport products, operational support systems, or other
software-controlled systems used by a typical Local Exchange Carrier (LEC).
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Executive Summary
3. Relationship of This Special Report To Other Telcordia Documents
4. General Needs for Proper Analysis
5. Caveats on Procedures Discussed
6. Analysis of Counts of Software Failures
6.1 Models with Only Time As an Explanatory Variable
6.2 Performance Comparison of Software Products
6.3 Introduction to Poisson Regression
6.4 Poisson Regression with Only One Explanatory Variable
6.5 Poisson Regression with Multiple Explanatory Variables
7. Analysis of Time to Repair Data
7.1 Estimation With Censored Data
7.2 Proportional Hazards Model
7.3 Goodness of Fit Procedures
7.4 Tests for Trends in Repair Times
7.5 Conclusion
8. Analysis of Other Software Measurements
8.1 Software Changes and Patches
8.2 Problem Reports
SR-NWT-002419, Software Architecture Review Checklists
As the telecommunications network becomes more intelligent and carries signals
other than voice (data, image, video, or combinations of these), the software needed
to provide flexible services and network management grows in both size and
complexity. As a consequence, a large percentage of the product delivery and
network field problems are software related. Software Architecture Review (SAR)
is targeted to improve the Reliability and Quality (R&Q) of software delivered to the
Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) or other service providers using product-oriented
software system analysis. SAR focuses on three areas: capability evolution, fault
management, and robustness improvement. This Special Report (SR) presents the
SAR methodology and introduces the SAR checklists.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Methodology of Software Architecture Review
2.1 Stages of Software Architecture Review
2.2 Capability Evolution
2.3 Fault Management
2.4 Robustness Improvement
3. Checklist for Capability Evolution
3.1 System Architecture Evoluability
3.2 Software Manageability
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3.3 Data Independence
3.4 Interoperability of Releases
4. Checklist for Fault Management
4.1 Fault Prevention
4.2 Fault Detection
4.3 Fault Resolution
5. Checklist for Robustness Improvement
5.1 Failure Mode Characterization and Handling
5.2 Detection of Failures and Overload Conditions
5.3 Recovery from Failures and Overload Conditions
5.4 Containment of Failures and Overload Conditions
5.5 Reporting of Failures and Overload Conditions
SR-NWT-002855, Optical Isolators: Reliability Issues and Proposed Tests
Optical Isolators (OIs) are passive optical components that allow light to propagate
(with low loss) in one direction, but isolate reflected light from propagating in the
reverse direction. This type of device can be (1) a component part of an integrated
optical transmitter, an integrated optical receiver, or an Optical Fiber Amplifier
(OFA), or (2) a separate stand-alone unit. OIs are used to improve the performance
of many devices such as external modulators, Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers,
Fabry-Perot lasers, semiconductor amplifiers, and diode-pumped solid-state lasers.
This Special Report (SR) outlines the Telcordia views of OI reliability issues and
reliability assurance criteria. The SR is intended to identify potential reliability
issues for Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) and Telcordia personnel concerned with
OIs or units containing OIs. These issues are also meant to be socialized with
industry through comment on this SR.
Contents
1. Introduction and Background
2. Technology Review
2.1 Magneto-Optical Materials
2.2 Optical Isolator Packaging
3. Reliability of Optical Isolators
3.1 Epoxy Reliability
3.2 Solder and Laser Welding Reliability
3.3 DFB Laser/Isolator Module Reliability
3.4 Magnetic Field Issues
3.5 Lifetime Issues
4. Proposed Optical Isolator Reliability Tests
4.1 Impact Test
4.2 Variable Frequency Vibration Test
4.3 High Temperature Storage Test (Dry Heat)
4.4 High Temperature Storage Test (Damp Heat)
4.5 Low Temperature Storage Test
4.6 Temperature-Humidity Cycling Test
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5. Conclusions
SR-3244, Reliability Concerns with Lightwave Components
Broadband, high bit-rate, lightwave communication systems are increasingly being
deployed in the public telecommunications network. At the same time, the public
network infrastructure is evolving and expanding into the so-called information
superhighway. This is expected to provide end-to-end transport not only for
traditional voice traffic, but also for non-traditional information traffic such as twoway, interactive, on-demand, data, video, wireless, and other information services.
Some of these services are being provided by the computer industry and others are
being provided by the consumer industry. The convergence of these industries is
resulting in equipment of different, unknown or unsuitable technology, design life
and reliability performance, being considered for deployment, co-location and
interworking with traditional telecommunications equipment. This Special Report
(SR) consolidates generic reliability concerns associated with lightwave devices to
serve as an ‘aide-memoire’ when evaluating these devices for use in public
telecommunications network applications. The specific reliability performance will,
of course, depend on the particular materials, design, and fabrication processes
used.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Scope
3. Background
4. Component Reliability Requirements
5. Generic Reliability Concerns
5.1 Materials
5.2 Transmitters
5.3 Receivers
5.4 Optical Fiber Amplifiers
5.5 Fiber and Cable
5.6 Splices
5.7 Separable Connectors
5.8 Isolators
5.9 Branching Components
5.10 Interconnections
5.11 Other Optical Devices
6. Conclusions
SR-4087, Physical Design Certification of Bare Printed Boards
Physical Design Certification of Bare Printed Boards is a Telcordia service offered
to bare board manufacturers and equipment manufacturers. It is part of the
Telcordia Certification and Registration Program, which also provides Product
Certification services and Process Registration services. This document focuses on
process and product technology and reliability. As generally defined in SR-3858,
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General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification, SR-4087 has two main components:
Certification Assessment and Certification Support. The Physical Design
Certification of Bare Printed Boards Assessment determines if a product is 100%
conformant to a specified set of criteria (called Certification Type) addressing
specific technologies and capabilities. SR-4087 promotes the use of the Telcordia
Certification Mark and associated Directory, helps to ensure continued compliance,
and assesses the need for recertification. The Certification criteria for Physical
Design Certification for Bare Printed Boards defined in this Special Report (SR) are
selected by Telcordia from published generic requirements and industry standards.
The intent of the Bare Printed Boards Certification program is to provide a means
for a supplier to demonstrate its level of manufacturing.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Procedures
2.2 Criteria Set
3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
3.2 Spot Checking
SR-4407, Adhesive Certification
Adhesive Certification is a Telcordia service offered to adhesive manufacturers and
equipment manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification and Registration
Program, which also provides Product Certification services and Process
Registration services. The Telcordia Adhesive Certification focuses on product
technology and reliability.
As generally defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
Adhesive Certification has two main components: Certification Assessment and
Certification Support. The Adhesive Certification Assessment determines if a
product is 100% conformant to a specified set of criteria (called Certification Type)
addressing specific technologies and capabilities. The Adhesive Certification
Support promotes the use of the Telcordia Certification Mark and associated
Directory, helps to ensure continued compliance, and assesses the need for
recertification. The criteria for Adhesive Certification defined in this Special Report
(SR) are selected by Telcordia from published generic requirements and industry
standards. The intent of the Adhesive Certification program is to provide a means
for a supplier to demonstrate its level of conformance.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Procedures
2.3 Criteria Set
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3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
3.2 Spot Checking
4. Test Procedures
4.1 Adhesion Test
4.2 Flammability Test
4.3 Resistance to Soldering Test
4.4 Surface Insulation Resistance Test
4.5 Electromigration Test
4.6 Endurance Tests
4.7 Other Tests
SR-4408, Flux Certification
Flux Certification is a Telcordia service offered to flux manufacturers and
equipment manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification and Registration
Program, which also provides Product Certification services and Process
Registration services. The Telcordia Flux Certification focuses on product
technology and reliability.
As generally defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
Flux Certification has two main components: Certification Assessment and
Certification Support. The Flux Certification Assessment determines if a product is
100% conformant to a specified set of criteria (called Certification Type) addressing
specific technologies and capabilities. The Flux Certification Support promotes the
use of the Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory, helps to assure
continued compliance, and assesses the need for recertification. The criteria for
Flux Certification defined in this Special Report (SR) are selected by Telcordia from
published Generic Requirements and industry standards. The intent of the Flux
Certification program is to provide a means for a supplier to demonstrate its level of
conformance.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Procedures
2.3 Criteria Set
3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
3.2 Spot Checking
4. Test Procedures
4.1 Flammability Test
4.2 Corrosiveness Tests
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SR-4409, Legend Ink, Marking Ink and Adhesive Label Certification
Legend Ink, Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label Certification is a Telcordia service
offered to legend ink, marking ink, and adhesive label manufacturers and equipment
manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification and Registration Program,
which also provides Product Certification services and Process Registration
services. The Telcordia Legend Ink, Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label Certification
focuses on product technology and reliability.
As generally defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
SR-4409 has two main components: Certification Assessment and Certification
Support. The Legend Ink, Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label Certification Assessment
determines if a product is 100% conformant to a specified set of criteria (called
Certification Type) addressing specific technologies and capabilities. The Legend
Ink, Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label Certification Support promotes the use of the
Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory, helps to ensure continued
compliance, and assesses the need for recertification. The criteria for Legend Ink,
Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label Certification defined in this Special Report (SR)
are selected by Telcordia from published generic requirements and industry
standards. The intent of the Legend Ink, Marking Ink, and Adhesive Label
Certification program is to provide a means for a supplier to demonstrate its level of
conformance.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Procedures
2.3 Criteria Set
3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
3.2 Spot Checking
4. Test Procedures
4.1 Adhesion Test
4.2 Flammability Test
4.3 Resistance to Soldering Test
4.4 Surface Insulation Resistance Test
4.5 Electromigration Resistance Test
4.6 Endurance Tests
SR-4410, Solder Mask, Conformal Coating, and Repair Polymer
Certification
Solder Mask, Conformal Coating, and Repair Polymer Certification is a Telcordia
service offered to solder mask, conformal coating, repair polymer, and equipment
manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification and Registration Program.
SR-4410 focuses on process and product technology and reliability.
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As generically defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
SR-4410 has two major components: Certification Assessment with 100%
conformance to a specific set of criteria, and Certification Support allowing the use
of the Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory. Conformance to these
criteria, assessed for a test sample defined by Telcordia and the supplier, helps
ensure a minimum level of performance to maintain network integrity, and furnishes
information beneficial to the telecommunications providers in evaluating the
suitability of the use of this flux for manufacturing telecommunications products
and equipment. The set of criteria has been selected from GR-78. This SR has been
created to account for two classes of solder mask, conformal coating, and repair
polymer materials, based on differences in adhesion properties: Class A solder
mask, conformal coating, and repair polymer materials: All requirements met
including adhesion on melting and non-melting materials; Class B solder mask,
conformal coating, and repair polymer materials: All requirements met, including
adhesion on non-melting materials only.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Procedures
2.3 Criteria Set
3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
3.2 Spot Checking
4. Test Procedures and Criteria
4.1 Visual
4.2 Adhesion Test
4.3 Abrasion Test
4.4 Flammability Test
4.5 Resistance to Soldering Test
4.6 Hydrolytic Stability and Corrosion Test
4.7 Dielectric Strength Test
4.8 Surface Insulation Resistance Test
4.9 Electromigration Test
4.10 Endurance Tests
SR-4568, Separable Electrical Connector Certification
Separable Electrical Connector Certification is a Telcordia service offered to
connector and equipment manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification and
Registration Program. The Telcordia Separable Electrical Connector Certification
focuses on process and product technology and reliability.
As generically defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
SR-4568 has two major components: Certification Assessment with 100%
conformance to a specific set of criteria, and Certification Support allowing the use
of the Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory. Conformance to these
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criteria, assessed for a test sample defined by Telcordia and the supplier, helps
ensure a minimum level of performance to maintain network integrity, and furnishes
information beneficial to telecommunications and information service providers in
evaluating the suitability of the connectors for use in telecommunications and
information handling products and equipment.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Certification Offerings
2.3 Connector Certification Process Summary
3. Criteria Set
4. Certification Mark Support
4.1 Notification and Assessment of Product/Process Change
4.2 Spot Checking
5. Test Procedures
5.1 Design and Construction Analysis
5.2 Individual Tests
5.3 Sequenced Tests
Appendix A: Example of Tests and Required Values
SR-4808, Printed Board Assembly Certification
Printed Board Assembly Certification is a Telcordia service offered to Printed Board
Assembly manufacturers and to equipment manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia
Certification and Registration Program, which also provides Bare Board
Certifications and Connector Certification. The Telcordia Printed Board Assembly
Certification focuses on product Technology and Reliability.
As generically defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
SR-4808 determines if a product is 100% in conformance to a specific set of criteria.
The Printed Board Assembly Certification Support promotes the use of the
Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory, helps to ensure continued
conformance, and assesses the need for recertification. The Certification
Assessment criteria for Printed Board Assembly Certification defined in this Special
Report are selected by Telcordia from the requirements contained in GR-78 and
GR-357.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Certification Offerings
2.3 Printed Board Assembly Certification Process Summary
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3. Criteria Set
SR-4935, Connector to Cable Assembly Certification
Connector to Cable Assembly Certification is a Telcordia service offered to
connectorized cable assembly manufacturers. It is part of the Telcordia Certification
and Registration Program. Telcordia Connector to Cable Assembly Certification
focuses on process and product technology and reliability.
As generically defined in SR-3858, General Guidelines for Telcordia Certification,
SR-4935 has two major components: Certification Assessment with 100% in
conformance to a specific set of criteria, and Certification Mark Support allowing
the use of the Telcordia Certification Mark and associated Directory. Conformance
to these criteria, assessed for a test sample defined by Telcordia and the supplier,
helps ensure a minimum level of performance to maintain network integrity, and
furnishes information beneficial to telecommunications and information service
providers in evaluating the suitability of the connectorized cable assemblies for use
in telecommunications and information handling products and equipment.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Certification Assessment
2.1 Applicability
2.2 Certification Offerings
2.3 Certification Prerequisites
2.4 Cable Connectorization Certification Process Summary
3. Certification Mark Support
3.1 Product/Process Change Notification and Assessment
3.2 Spot Checking
4. Criteria Set
5. Test Procedures
5.1 Tests for All Interconnection Technologies
5.2 Additional Tests for Solderless Interconnection Technologies
TR-TSY-000389, Supplier Data Program Analysis
This Technical Reference (TR) identifies the basic ‘elements’ of a Supplier Data
Program. This program is employed by a supplier of telecommunications products
to provide adequate and timely information to its customers on the shipped quality
and reliability of its products. The document also gives quality and reliability of its
products and gives guidelines for performing a Supplier Data Program Analysis
(SDPA). The SDPA is an on-site review of the supplier’s data provisioning process;
it assesses the ability of the supplier’s quality organization to provide accurate and
up-to-date information directly (or through Telcordia QA) to its customers.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Elements
2.1 Commitment to a Supplier Data Program
2.2 Product Categories and Reporting Periods
2.3 Standards
2.4 Inspection Scope
2.5 Data Collection Points
2.6 Sampling Procedures
2.7 Minimum Average Precision
2.8 Analysis Methodology Specifics
2.9 Graphical Display of Summary Results
2.10 Quality Control of Data Provisioning
2.11 Reliability of Data Provisioning
2.12 Reproducibility of Results
2.13 Feedback of Ad-Hoc Customer Inquiries
3. Major Segments in the Analysis
3.1 Preparations for SDPA
3.2 Conducting a SDPA
3.3 The Final Report
4. Concluding Remarks
TR-TSY-000438, The Quality Measurement Plan (QMP)
This Technical Reference (TR) is a complete technical specification of the Quality
Measurement Plan (QMP), which is a modern control chart used in the Telcordia
quality surveillance system. The document motivates the QMP approach; describes
and interprets the inputs, outputs and graphics; motivates the underlying
hierarchical and/or empirical Bayes Statistical model; and provides the
computational formulas. QMP covers both attributes (e.g., counts of
nonconformances) and variables (e.g., resistance) data.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Inputs and Outputs for QMP
2.1 Inputs for QMP
2.2 Outputs for QMP
3. Statistical Model for QMP
3.1 Motivation
3.2 The QMP Model
4. Computational Formulas for QMP
4.1 QMP Control Chart
4.2 Other Applications of QMP
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5. Interpretation of the QMP Control Chart
6. QMP Control Chart Examples
Appendix A: Percentiles of the Standard Gamma Distribution
Appendix B: Validation of QMP Programs
Appendix C: QMP Intermediate Variables for Manual Computation
TR-NWT-000870, Electrostatic Discharge Control in the Manufacture of
Telecommunications Equipment
This Technical Reference (TR) presents the Telcordia view of generic requirements
for the control of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) in telecommunications equipment
and component manufacturing plants. This document contains ESD control
requirements that are intended to minimize the adverse impact of ESD on the quality
and reliability of telecommunications systems purchased by Local Exchange
Carriers (LECs), Interexchange Carriers (ICs), or other service providers. This
document also applies to internal ESD control measures in such locations as Plugin Inventory Control (PIC) centers.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. ESD Tutorial
2.1 The Origin of ESD
2.2 The Effects of ESD
2.3 Sources of ESD
3. Practical Aspects of ESD Prevention
3.1 ESD Retardant Materials
3.2 Personnel Grounding
3.3 Automatic Device Handlers
3.4 Ion Generators
4. Device Classification and Test Methods
4.1 ESD Sensitivity Classifications
4.2 Determination of Human Body Model ESD Failure Thresholds
4.3 Charged Device Model Thresholds
5. Test Methods for Evaluation of ESD Prevention Programs
5.1 Measuring Charge Levels
5.2 Measuring Voltage Levels
5.3 Measuring Resistivity Properties
6. ESD Generic Requirements
6.1 Sensitivity Areas within the Manufacturing Facility
6.2 Failure Threshold Determination
6.3 Limits for Electrostatic Potential
6.4 Grounding
6.5 Packaging
6.6 Tote Boxes
6.7 Table Tops
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6.8 Ion Generators
6.9 Summary of Required Preventive Measures
7. Conduction of ESD Audits at Vendor Plant
TR-NWT-000930, Generic Requirements for Hybrid Microcircuits Used in
Telecommunications Equipment
TR-NWT-000930 presents the Telcordia view of generic requirements for hybrid
microcircuits that are, in the opinion of Telcordia, currently appropriate for
products and equipment used in the network of a typical Local Exchange Carrier
(LEC), or other service provider.
Hybrid microcircuits used in telecommunications are generally an equipment
supplier’s proprietary technology, with few industry-recognized standards to
establish common practices and tests necessary to help ensure their quality and
reliability. This document outlines the Telcordia view of a proposed minimum set of
such criteria. For the purpose of this document, a hybrid microcircuit is defined as
an insulating substrate on which is deposited passive film circuitry, and to which
may be attached active and passive electronic components. The term is used
interchangeably with hybrid circuit, and where active devices are attached, with
hybrid integrated circuit (HIC). This document limits discussion of hybrid
microcircuits to electronic assemblies based on ceramic alumina substrates, with
passive circuitry applied to the substrates to include thin- and thick-film conductors,
resistors, and dielectrics. Major topics include reliability-oriented requirements for
materials and finishes, film circuits, applied components, module assembly, and
finished hybrids.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. General Requirements
2.1 Safety
2.2 Reliability
2.3 Other Requirements
2.4 Non-Conformance
2.5 Administration
2.6 Numerical Values
2.7 Workmanship Standards
3. Materials and Finish Requirements
3.1 Substrates
3.2 Thick Film Materials
3.3 Thin Film Materials
3.4 Finishes and Coatings
3.5 Adhesives
3.6 Fluxes
4. Film Circuit Requirements
4.1 General
4.2 Conductors
4.3 Resistors
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4.4 Film Capacitors
4.5 Dielectric Crossovers
4.6 Encapsulants and Overglazes
5. Attached Components
5.1 General
5.2 Qualification
5.3 Lot-to-Lot Controls
6. Assembly Requirements
6.1 Film Circuit Condition
6.2 Bare Die Attachment
6.3 Component Attachment
6.4 Lead Frames
6.5 Connectors
6.6 Hermetic Packaging
6.7 Conformal Coating
6.8 Protective Covers
6.9 Cleanliness of Finished Hybrid Microcircuits
7. Finished Hybrid Requirements
7.1 Qualification
7.2 Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability Controls
7.3 Feedback and Corrective Action Program
7.4 Continuous Reliability Improvement Program
8. Product Identification and Marking Requirements
9. Packing Requirements
10. Special Tests
10.1 Fire Resistance
10.2 Temperature-Humidity-Bias Testing
10.3 Silicone Extraction
10.4 Flux Corrosivity
10.5 Solvent Extract Conductivity
10.6 Electromigration Resistance
10.7 Wire Pull Adhesion
TR-NWT-001037, Statistical Process Control Program Generic
Requirements
This Technical Reference (TR) identifies the Telcordia view of basic elements of a
supplier’s Statistical Process Control (SPC) program and its related areas. The
generic requirements in this TR are intended to describe the Telcordia view of the
appropriate basis for conducting an SPC program analysis.
Contents
1. Introduction
2. The Elements
2.1 Management Commitment and Organization
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2.2 Quality Characteristics and Measurements
2.3 Graphical Tools
2.4 Sample Size and Sampling Interval
2.5 Graphical Display of Results
2.6 Specifications and Control Limits
2.7 Process Capability Study
2.8 Reproducibility and Repeatability of Data
2.9 Corrective Action
2.10 Awareness and Training
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Reliability and Quality Subject Index
4 Reliability and Quality Subject Index
Table 4-1 provides a subject index to the Reliability and Quality documents. This
table list the R&Q subject areas, and cross-references those areas to the specific
Telcordia documents that cover those areas. If you find a topic of interest, a
description of each document can be found in Section 3.
Table 4-1 Subject-Document Cross-Reference (Sheet 1 of 2)
Subject
AMA Reliability and Quality
Cell Tower Reliability
Certification & Testing
—
—
—
—
Bare Printed Boards
Adhesives
Flux
Legend Ink, Marking Ink, and
Adhesive Labels
— Solder Mask, Conformal Coating &
Repair Polymer
— Separable Electrical Connectors
— Connector to Cable Assembly
— Printed Board Assemblies
Component Reliability
CCS Interface Reliability
Device Reliability
Device Storage and Handling
Electrical Connectors
Electrostatic Discharge
Failure
— Rates
— Software
Field Reliability
Hardware Reliability
Laser Diodes
Laser Reliability
Telcordia Document
GR-508, GR-1280
SR-1171
SR-4087
SR-4407
SR-4408
SR-4409
SR-4410
SR-4568
SR-4935
SR-4808
GR-357, GR-418, GR-512, GR-1221,
GR-1312, GR-2969, SR-332, SR-3244,
GR-284
GR-1241
SR-332, SR-3244, GR-284
GR-1221, GR-468, GR-3013
SR-4568
GR-63, GR-78, GR-357, GR-468, GR2853, GR-2969, GR-3013, GR-3020,
TR-NWT-000870
SR-332, SR-NWT-000821
GR-2813, SR-1547, SR-NWT-002419,
GR-929
GR-357, GR-512, GR-947, GR-1110,
GR-1241, GR-1339, GR-2841, GR-2888,
GR-2914, SR-NWT-002419
GR-3013, SR-TSY-001369
GR-468
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Reliability and Quality Subject Index
Table 4-1 Subject-Document Cross-Reference (Sheet 2 of 2)
Subject
Lot-to-Lot Quality and Reliability
Controls
Manufacturing
Measurements
NEBS
Network Reliability
Optical Components
Optical Isolators
OS Reliability
Printed Wire Boards
Printed Wiring Assemblies
Product Reliability
Quality Measurement Plan
Reliability and Quality (General)
Reliability Predictions
Signaling Transfer Point
Software Reliability
System Reliability
Testing
Wire and Cable Requirements
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GR-357, GR-468, GR-1221, GR-2969,
GR-3013, TR-NWT-000930
GR-78, GR-284, GR-326, GR-357,
GR-418, GR-468, GR-910, GR-947,
GR-1221, GR-1274, GR-1312, GR-2840,
GR-2853, GR-2903, GR-2912, GR-2969,
GR-3013, GR-3020, TR-TSY-000389,
TR-NWT-000930
GR-929, GR-1315, GR-1929, GR-2813,
SR-NWT-000821, SR-1171,
TR-NWT-001037
GR-63
GR-2914
GR-326, GR-418, GR-449, GR-468,
GR-910, GR-1221, GR-1312, GR-2853,
GR-2903, GR-3013, SR-NWT-002855
SR-NWT-002855
GR-2841
GR-78, GR-947
GR-1274, GR-2969
GR-2840, SR-1547
GR-929, TR-TSY-000438
GR-82, GR-284, GR-326, GR-418,
GR-468, GR-508, GR-513, GR-910,
GR-929, GR-1280, GR-1323, GR-2853,
GR-3013, GR-3020, SR-1547,
TR-TSY-000389, TR-NWT-000930
GR-2813, GR-2903, SR-1547, SR-332,
SR-TSY-001369
GR-82
GR-282, GR-418, GR-1339, GR-2813,
GR-2841, GR-2914, SR-1547
GR-418, GR-518, GR-1339, SR-1171,
SR-332, SR-TSY-001130
GR-63, GR-78, GR-282, GR-326, GR-357,
GR-418, GR-468, GR-844, GR-910,
GR-947, GR-1221, GR-1274, GR-2914,
GR-2969, GR-3013, GR-3020,
SR-TSY-001130, SR-NWT-002855,
TR-NWT-000870, TR-NWT-000930
GR-78, GR-2969, GR-449
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5
Telcordia Contacts and General Information
Telcordia Contacts and General Information
This section presents general information on various topics of interest in Telcordia,
including:
• The Value and Role of Telcordia Generic Requirements and the Benefits of
Funding and Participating in Telcordia Generic Requirements projects
• Contact information on Telcordia subject matter experts for this technology
area
• How to order Telcordia documents via phone, fax, mail, or on-line
• A review of some new and exciting Telcordia resources
• A listing of selected Telcordia websites.
5.1 The Importance of Telcordia Generic Requirements
This section briefly reviews some important features related to Telcordia Generic
Requirements, including their value and role in industry and why funding their
development can help your company shape industry standards.
5.1.1 The Value and Role of Telcordia Generic Requirements
Open standards such as Telcordia GRs benefit consumers, enterprises,
service/network providers, equipment suppliers, and even nations by
• Promoting interoperability and interconnection
• Promoting innovation by establishing minimum requirements
• Stimulating competition among service providers and suppliers by supporting
interconnection in a multi-service provider/supplier environment
• Fostering economies of scale by establishing common requirements across a
larger user community, thereby potentially reducing unit costs.
5.1.2 Why Participate in Telcordia Generic Requirements?
Telcordia invites all interested parties to participate in the ongoing evolution of
Generic Requirements for the telecom industry. Participants can provide
nonproprietary input into the technical description of the material, comment on the
draft text, review drafts of proposed revisions, and help resolve issues. They can
also provide input for the final content of the proposed Generic Requirements.
Service providers and equipment suppliers who participate in developing the
requirements benefit from potential reduced costs in future network operations and
product development, and from the ability to influence the technical content of the
Generic Requirements. In addition, participants have access to requirements
information and trends, as they evolve, before publication to the industry in general.
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The Telcordia GR process is attractive to customers because it provides them with
an opportunity to:
• Shape the direction of work related to technologies and services that can
potentially increase revenues or reduce the costs of service or product planning,
implementation, or operations
• Have early access to requirements information that can be factored into service
or product planning, and improve their time-to-market
• Influence the technical content of the GR document
• Have a decision-making role in resolving technical disputes
• Work with other industry leaders to discuss their needs and solutions that can
satisfy them
• Receive a pre-publication copy of the GR before it is generally available to the
public, and receive a final publication copy of the GR as soon as it can be
distributed.
Another valuable feature of GR development is that companies participating in GR
development work are granted a license to copy GR text for use internally (including
their majority affiliates), and to incorporate GR text into product and service
specifications. This is important to companies when they are communicating in the
global economy and trying to reduce the costs associated with documenting the
features and characteristics of products and services.
In October of each year, a GR Forecast is announced to provide the industry with a
first look at the proposed Telcordia generic requirements development projects for
the coming year. The listing is not all-inclusive, as many other projects emerge
throughout the year to meet customer needs as new technologies, service
capabilities, or issues surface that can benefit from modifications to existing GR
documents or necessitate development of new ones.
If you are interested in learning more about participation opportunities for
Reliability Technologies related generic requirements, you may contact any of the
Telcordia Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) listed in Section 5.2. Also, a listing of all
current Invitations for Participation can be viewed online at the Generic
Requirements web site.
5.2 Telcordia Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)
The following Telcordia contact can assist you with answering questions about
these documents and also offer testing and consulting services:
Spilios Makris, Ph.D.
Director, Reliability and Risk Services
Telcordia Technologies
444 Hoes Lane, Room 4A633
Piscataway, NJ 08854
Phone: + 1.732.699.3207
E-Mail: smakris@telcordia.com
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Telcordia Contacts and General Information
5.3 General Document Ordering Information
Telcordia documents may be ordered via phone, fax, mail, or on-line. They may be
ordered from the Telcordia Information SuperStore (see Section 5.3.1), Telcordia
Customer Service (see Section 5.3.2), or via the AXESS Point service (see
Section 5.3.3).
5.3.1 Telcordia Information SuperStore
Go to the Telcordia SuperStore Web Site. Use the following menu bar to navigate
the Store. Instructions to find products are listed below.
A. If you know the document number:
— Enter the number in the Document Number box (e.g., ROADMAP-TORELIABILITY-1) on the menu bar and press Enter.
The Full Description page for the document will be displayed. Ordering
information is at the bottom of each description page.
B. If you do not know the document number:
— Click on Advanced Search on the menu bar and press Enter.
— Enter available search information in the Keywords, Title, Document
Number, or Date fields. Click Submit Search.
— Click on the desired product match to view the Full Description page.
C. If you know only a partial document number:
— Enter the partial number in the Document Number box on the menu bar
and press Enter.
— Click on the desired product match from the drop-down menu to display the
Full Description page for the selected document; or, select View Full List to
display the Search Results page that lists the product matches.
— Click on the desired product match to view the Full Description page.
D. If you would like to search for documents by specific technologies:
— Click on Documents on the menu bar, then select areas of interest.
5.3.2 Customer Service
Telcordia Customer Service is available to take your document order, or to field any
questions you might have concerning your order or on general topics within the
company. You may contact Telcordia Customer Service either via phone, fax,
e-mail, or USA mail.
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To Contact Telcordia Customer Service
Telcordia Customer Service
444 Hoes Lane, Room 1B180
Piscataway, NJ 08854
+ 1.732.699.5828 (Worldwide)
+ 1.732.336.2226 (FAX)
e-mail: document-info@telcordia.com
web site: http://telecom-info.telcordia.com
5.3.3 AXESSSM Point Service
AXESS Point service is your gateway to Generic Requirements documents. AXESS
Point is the on-line technical information resource that delivers up-to-date Telcordia
technical documents directly to your desktop, and provides a flexible full-search
capability across the entire Telcordia document database. To view a demonstration
of AXESS Point service, visit
http://telecom-info.telcordia.com/site-cgi/ido/index.htm
When activated at your company, AXESS Point service provides a direct, userfriendly, secure link to our integrated information delivery service that provides
Web-based access to your Telcordia Technologies documentation. The service is
convenient, increases productivity by eliminating the need for paper documents,
and reduces the time spent searching for information.
To request Telcordia AXESS Point service, contact your local Telcordia Account
Executive, or contact:
Telcordia’s Customer Service Center
Phone: + 1.732.699.5828 (Worldwide)
FAX: + 1.732.336.2226
5.3.4 GR Testing and Consulting Services\
Suppliers are challenged to ensure that new products and technologies hit the
market fully tested and revenue-ready for deployment in their customers’ networks.
At the same time, service providers must have installation, integration, and
verification capabilities that are as outstanding as the equipment they buy.
Telcordia works closely with carriers ad suppliers, offering superior planning,
design, testing and deployment services to help ensure that products and systems
work right the first time. We also offer Test Outsourcing Services to ensure on-time
development and deployment of your products and solutions.
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Telcordia Contacts and General Information
Telcordia Testing Services help you:
• Enhance product quality, reliability and performance
• Assure interoperability of network equipment and systems
• Avoid costly re-work and schedule delays
• Realize cost-efficiencies over in-house testing
• Increase marketability of products and systems
For more information, please visit http://192.4.253.70/services/testing/index.html.
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Glossary and Acronyms
Appendix A: Glossary and Acronyms
A.1 Glossary - Definition of Terms
Acceptance Test — Evaluation of a software system conducted by a service
provider with or without supplier involvement.
Availability — The probability that a system or subsystem will perform its
intended function at a given instant of time. Availability is estimated as the longterm portion of time that a system or subsystem performs its intended function.
Branching Component — A passive component having more than two ports, that
distributes optical power among fibers. Synonyms include Branching Device,
Coupler.
Component — Any electrical part (integrated circuit, diode, resistor, etc.) with
distinct electrical characteristics, and with means (e.g., terminals or leads) of
connecting it to other components to form a circuit [used interchangeably with
“device”].
Critical Device — An item that requires special attention because of its
complexity, technology, impact on system reliability, or anticipated reliability.
Defect — A chemical or structural irregularity degrading the ideal silicon crystal
structure or thin films built over the silicon wafer.
Device — Any electrical part (integrated circuit, diode, resistor, etc.) with distinct
electrical characteristics, and with means (e.g., terminals or leads) of connecting it
to other components to form a circuit [used interchangeably with “component”].
Device family — A group of devices made by the same manufacturers, fabricated
using the same basic process flow, having similar complexity and packaging.
Failure — A condition in which the system is not performing its intended function.
Failure Analysis — The examination of a failed device to determine its
mechanism and mode of failure.
Failure Intensity — The long run average number of failures per unit time that the
system will experience.
Failure Mechanism — The physical, chemical, electrical, thermal, or other
process that results in failure.
Failure Mode — An event that leads the system out of its ideal state in which all
components are operating normally into a state in which some aspect of the
system has failed.
Failure Rate — The expected number of failures per unit time. Failure rate is often
expressed in FITs (Failures In Time) and is measured in failures per billion
operational hours.
Fault — Defectiveness in software, hardware, firmware, or documentation that
prevents or impairs a software product from correctly completing a function.
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Firmware — Executable code or data which is stored in permanent or quasipermanent semiconductor memory and requires physical replacement or
manual intervention with external equipment for updating (if any).
First Office Application (FOA) — One or more applications (sites) of the
software in the field operating environment for a specific test and in-service
period to determine if the software is available for wider release.
Fix — A correction to the software product.
General Availability — Life cycle phase during which a software system or
release is officially available for widespread delivery to all sites.
Hardware — Physical equipment including circuit packs.
Hermetic — Airtight.
Incoming Lot Acceptance Tests — These incoming tests conducted by the
equipment manufacturers determine acceptability of a lot of received devices. They
include both Quality and Reliability tests and are sometimes referred to as Quality
and Reliability audits.
Infant Mortality — Premature catastrophic failures occurring at a much greater
rate than the expected steady state failure rate.
Integration Test — Testing in which software components, hardware
components or both are combined and tested to evaluate the interaction
between them.
Interoperability Test — Testing to evaluate the interaction between systems to
help ensure the integrity, reliability and quality of the network. The SRQAC
requirements apply to systems tested in a service provider’s designated agent’s
laboratory, service provider’s laboratory or service provider’s live network.
Interruption of service — The result of a failure event that leads to the inability
of a service to be provided as prescribed.
Laser — A device that produces optical radiation using a population inversion to
provide Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation and (generally)
an optical resonant cavity to provide positive feedback. Laser radiation may be
highly coherent temporally, or spatially, or both.
Laser diode — a p-n junction semiconductor optical source that emits coherent
optical radiation when biased above threshold. Semiconductor laser diodes are
efficient, compact and can be directly current-modulated.
Life test — A test designed to estimate a device’s life time, failure rate, and failure
mechanism(s).
Light emitting diode (LED) — A p-n junction semiconductor device that emits
incoherent optical radiation when biased in the forward direction.
Lot Acceptance Tests — The inspections and tests performed by the equipment
supplier on a lot to ensure that it meets purchase specifications and any
additional criteria for use; such tests are part of the lot-to-lot controls.
Lot-To-Lot Control — The program implemented by the equipment manufacturer
to reject lots (before their release to the stockroom or to manufacturing) that do not
meet quality (and reliability) specifications.
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Glossary and Acronyms
Maintenance Release — A release whose primary purpose is to fix problems. It
consists of one or more recompiled programs, and generally, new or changed
feature functionality (except to fix problems) is not included.
Major Q&RC class — A Q&RC class that counts, as defects or defectives, only
those flaws that have an estimated probability of 5% or more of resulting in
failure, intermittent operation, reduced functionality, or increased maintenance
or installation effort, at some time during the unit’s service life. This probability
is to be taken as a general guideline and not a value that must be rigorously
demonstrated.
Minor Q&RC class — A Q&RC class that counts, as defects or defectives, only
those flaws that are less likely to result in failure, or any of the other adverse
effects cited, than a defect/defective in a major Q&RC class.
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) — The long-term expected time that the
system remains operational between consecutive failures. MTBF is generally
expressed in years.
Mean Time to Repair — The average time that the system remains out of service
until it is repaired. For central office applications, an MTTR of 2 hours per repair
is assumed.
Measurements — Tools for monitoring and assessing various trends of a process,
such as the progress of quality improvement activities, customer satisfaction,
key organization indicators compared to established procedures, and the
performance of product development and delivery processes, etc.
Network Elements — Processor-controlled entities of the communications
network that primarily provide switching and transport network functions and
contain network operations functions.
Network Systems — Processor-controlled entities of the telecommunications
network that provide ancillary network functions and contain network
operations functions.
Outage — The state of a software product characterized by its inability to perform
a required function.
Outage Frequency — The average number of outages per unit time that the
system experiences.
Passive Component — A component that is not “active” (i.e., does not provide
gain or amplification) in its function (e.g., a resistor, capacitor, or inductor).
Predicted Failure Rate — Percentage of products that are predicted to fail during
operation, over a given time period.
Prevention vs. Detection — A term used to contrast two types of quality
activities. Prevention refers to those activities designed to prevent
nonconformances in products and services. Another term used to describe this
distinction is “designing in quality vs. inspection in quality.”
Procedural Error — An error caused by: simple human error; deviation from
accepted practices or documentation; faulty or unclear documentation; faulty or
unclear displays, messages, or signals.
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Q&R Assurance — The set of activities to assess and/or to reduce the risk of
product and or service nonconformance to specification and/or unreliable
functioning or performance.
Qualification — The process by which a device is examined and tested, before its
use in a product, to assess its ability to meet quality and reliability requirements.
Qualification Tests — Those tests of a design searching nature that are conducted
to verify suitability of the device for the application. They include tests that are used
to evaluate the device technology, and packaging, its reliability and life
characteristics, its performance margins, compatibility with the equipment
manufacturing processes as well as its capability for storage, transportation and
operation within the expected system environment.
Quality — The totality of characteristics and attributes of a product that satisfy
stated and implied goals.
Quality Alert — A special report from a supplier to alert its customers that action
is needed to avoid failure or expense due to a particular quality or reliability
affecting condition existing in a product or service.
Quality Level — The category that describes both the reliability assurances
practices pertaining to a device, and the multiplication factor to be used in
calculating the device’s predicted failure rate.
Recovery — That event or process by which the system regains the ability to
perform a required function after a failure.
Regression Test — Regression Testing means selective retesting to detect faults
introduced during system modifications to verify that modifications have not
caused unintended adverse effects, or to verify that a modified system or system
component still meets its specified requirements (“what used to work still
works”).
Reliability — The probability that the equipment will perform its intended
functions, within stated conditions, for a specified period of time.
Reliability Audit — A set of tests used as a lot-to-lot control to identify lots with
“poor” reliability; this is similar to screening, but is performed on a sample basis, and
the results consequently impact the acceptability of the lot as a whole (rather than
individual devices).
Reliability Block Diagram (RDB) — A pictorial representation of a system
which illustrates the structure of the system’s architecture.
Reliability Model — A mathematical model used for predicting or estimating
reliability performance measures of a system.
Reliability Monitor Tests — Those in-line and end-of-line tests that are
conducted by the device manufacturers to provide assurance that the product and
processes continue to perform as initially designed.
Reliability Related Ineffective Machine Attempt (RRIMA) — An ineffective
machine attempt is any valid attempt for service which is denied due to the
unavailability of some portion of the system.
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Glossary and Acronyms
Robustness — The condition of a product or process design that remains relatively
stable with a minimum of variation even though factors that influence operations or
usage, such as environment and wear, are constantly changing.
Screening — The process of inspecting and/or testing devices to remove those that
are unsatisfactory or that are likely to exhibit early failure; it is used in lot-to-lot
control to reduce the variation in certain characteristics (possibly including
reliability) between lots.
Software — Computer programs, associated documentation, data, and programs/
data embedded in firmware pertaining to the operation of a computer system or
subsystem.
Software Component — The lowest structural software element managed by the
supplier.
Supplier — The product, equipment, manufacturers, or system developer.
STP — Signaling Transfer Point; the packet switch in the CCS network that
transfers messages from one signaling link to another at Level 3.
System — A combination of complete assemblies, components, parts, and
accessories connected to perform a specific operations function.
System Test — The process of testing an integrated system to verify that the
system meets customer requirements.
Test Specification — A specification defining the inspections and test applicable
to the component described in the relevant Detail Specification. The test
specification may contain schedules of tests applicable to qualification, Pre-Use
Screening, Quality Conformance and Incoming Lot Acceptance.
Third Party Software — The term “third party software supplier” refers to a
supplier that was contracted by the service provider to develop software for
integration into one or more deployed systems whose software was developed
by a different supplier. A service provider may use a third party software
supplier to develop the software for a planned service/feature/capability.
Total Outage — A failure that results in the loss of functionality of the entire
system.
Traceability — The use of unique identifiers to demonstrate a relationship or
connection established between individual items in the phases of the
development process, and their successor or predecessor items. For example,
individual requirements shall be traceable to design specifications, code units,
and test cases.
Unavailability — Also known as downtime, is defined as the long-term portion of
time that the system cannot perform its intended function due to failure.
Unavailability (downtime) is often expressed in minutes per year.
Unit — An assembly of devices (e.g., circuit pack, module, plug-in, racks, and
power supplies).
Vendor — A distributor who provides components used in the equipment
manufacturer’s product.
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Glossary and Acronyms
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Waiver — An authorization granted to a device manufacturer to enable him to
deliver components non-compliant to the equipment manufacturer’s specification,
to the equipment manufacturer, for a prolonged period of time. Waivers are granted
only where the equipment manufacturer agrees that the nature of the deviation is
such that the quality and reliability of the equipment will not be impaired.
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Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Glossary and Acronyms
A.2 Acronyms
AIN
Advanced Intelligent Network
ARPP
Automated Reliability Prediction Procedure
ASQC
American Society for Quality Control
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
CCS
Common Channel Signaling
CO
Central Office
COPRQ
Cost-of-poor-reliability/quality
DOFS
Device operating failures
DUT
Device Under Test
DWDM
Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexed
EDI
Electronic Data Interchange
EMI
Electromagnetic Influence
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
ESD
Electrostatic Discharge
FIT
Failure In Time
FMA
Failure Mode Analysis
FOA
First Office Application
GA
General Availability
HDL
Hardware Description language
H-RAP
Hardware Reliability Assurance Program
IC
Integrated Circuit
IC
Interexchange Carrier
IMF
Infant Mortality Factory
INEM
Integrated Network Element Manager
I/O
Input-Output
IPQM
In-Process Quality Metrics
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
JTAG
Joint Test Action Group
LD
Laser Diode
LEC
Local Exchange Carrier
LED
Light Emitting Diode
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Issue 7, July 2012
Glossary and Acronyms
A–8
LOS
Loss of Signal
MDI
Mean downtime
MTBF
Meant Time Between Failures (repairable items)
MTTF
Mean Time to Failure (non-repairable items)
MTTR
Mean Time to Repair
NE
Network Element
NEBS
Network Equipment-Building System
NGN
Next Generation Network
NRC
Network Reliability Council
NTF
No Trouble Found
OA&M
Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
OAM&P
Operations, Administration Maintenance, and
Provisioning
OMAP
Operations and Maintenance Application Part
OOS
Out of Service
OS
Operations System
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Standards
PFTQ
Partnering for Total Quality
POCC
Passive Optical Component Code
PROM
Programmable Read-Only Memory
PWA
Printed Wiring Assembly
PWB
Printed Wiring Board
QA
Quality Assurance or Qualification Approval
QC
Quality Control or Quality Conformance
QCI
Quality Conformance Inspection
QMP
Quality Measurement Plan
QoS
Quality of Service
QPA
Quality Program Analysis
QSA
Quality System Analysis
Q&R
Quality and Reliability
Q&RC
Quality and Reliability Characteristic
RC
Reliability Classes
RH
Relative Humidity
RPP
Reliability Prediction Procedure
Telcordia Roadmap to Reliability Documents
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Glossary and Acronyms
RQ
Requalification
RQGR
Reliability and Quality Generic Requirements
RQMS
Reliability & Quality Measurements
RQSSGR
Reliability & Quality Switching Systems Generic
Requirements
RSAT
Reliability and System Architecture Testing
RTU
Remote Test Unit
R&Q
Reliability and Quality
SAR
Software Architecture Review
SCCP
Signaling Connection Control Part
SCP
Service Control Point
SPCS
Stored Program Control System
SQPR
Software Quality Program Generic Requirements
SRMA
System Reliability Modeling and Analysis
SRQAC
Software Reliability and Quality Acceptance Criteria
SS7
Signaling System Number 7
SSP
Service Switching Point
STP
Signaling Transfer Point
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access
TIF
Telephone Influence Factor
UDP
User Diagram Protocol
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VoIP
Voice Over Internet Protocol
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Glossary and Acronyms
A–10
ROADMAP-TO-RELIABILITY-1
Issue 7, July 2012
Enterprise License Agreement
For Telcordia Technical Documents consisting of Generic Requirements (GRs), Special Reports (SRs),
Technical References (TRs), Technical Advisories (TAs), Family of Requirements (FRs),
Family of Documents (FDs) (collectively “Licensed Product(s)”)
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Rev. 01/2016