Plate Tectonics : Different Plate Boundaries Create Different Landforms and Events Landform: DEEP-OCEAN TRENCH Plate Boundary: Illustration of what is happening CONVERGENT Type of Plates: Oceanic Plate (OP) vs Continental (CP) or Oceanic Plate How is it formed? As the MORE DENSE oceanic plate (OP) subducts under the less dense plate (CP or OP), it pulls the front edge of the less dense plate down, creating a deep ‘zone’ (TRENCH). Landform: VOLCANOES Plate Boundary: Illustration of what is happening CONVERGENT Type of Plates: Oceanic Plate (OP) vs. Continental Plate (CP) How is it formed? The MORE DENSE oceanic plate (OP) subducts under the less dense continental plate (CP) and is driven down in to the HOT asthenosphere/mantle. Subducted plate MELTS due to extreme heat and friction. Melted plate rises up through the crust, where it reaches the surface and cools. Happens repeatedly to create large volcanoes. Landform: VOLCANIC ISLAND ARC Plate Boundary: CONVERGENT Type of Plates: Oceanic Plate (OP) vs. Oceanic Plate (OP) How is it formed? The same process that forms volcanoes on land. Subducted OP melts and rises to reach the surface of the OP. This happens repeatedly, building and building until the volcano breaks the surface of the water, creating a chain of islands along the subduction zone. Illustration of what is happening Plate Tectonics : Different Plate Boundaries Create Different Landforms and Events Landform: Folded MOUNTAINS Plate Boundary: Illustration of what is happening CONVERGENT Type of Plates: Continental Plate (CP) vs. Continental Plate (CP) How is it formed? Two continental plates collide. Continental plate is not dense enough to subduct. As a result, the continental crust folds upward (nowhere else to go) creating a chain of folded mountains. Landform: RIFT VALLEY Illustration of what is happening Plate Boundary: DIVERGENT Type of Plates: 2 Continental Plates (CP) pull apart How is it formed? Two continental plates (CP) move away from each other, stretching out the crust, until it begins to break/fault. As crust is stretched wider, the valley drops deeper. Eventually can lead to the creation of a new body of water if low enough. Landform: MID-OCEAN RIDGE Plate Boundary: Type of Plates: DIVERGENT 2 Oceanic Plates (OP) pull apart How is it formed? Two oceanic plates (OP) move away from each other, allowing magma to rise up from inside the Earth. The magma reaches the bottom of the ocean, turns in to lava and cools (forming new rock). This cycle continues constantly spreading the sea floor and adding new material along this chain of mountains. Sea Floor spreading occurs at these mid-ocean ridges. Illustration of what is happening