Content Benchmark P.8.B.1
Students know the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s motion. E/S
Sample Test Questions
1st Item Specification: Know how motion is defined, described, and measured.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
1. What two variables are used to calculate speed?
A. mass and time
B. mass and velocity
C. distance and time
D. distance and velocity
2. Which of the following is NOT an example of a girl on a bike who is
accelerating?
A. She turns the corner.
B. She continues down the street.
C. She slams on the brakes.
D. She pedals faster than before.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
3. A horse is walking at a constant speed of 2 m/s. How far will the horse travel
in thirty minutes?
A. 15 m
B. 60 m
C. 1800 m
D. 3600 m
4. About how long will it take for Sam to travel 5 km at a speed of 4 m/s?
A. 2 hours
B. 1 hour
C. 30 minutes
D. 20 minutes
2nd Item Specification: Explain how balanced and unbalanced forces are related
to the motion of an object.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
5. A car parked on a hill may start to roll backwards because of
A. an unbalanced force.
B. a frictional force.
C. a balanced force.
D. an inertial force.
6. Two dogs are tugging on a rope. The rope is not moving because the dogs are
pulling in
A. the same direction with equal force.
B. opposite directions with unequal force.
C. the same direction with unequal force.
D. opposite directions with equal force.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
7. The arrows below show forces acting on an object. Use the diagram to answer
the following question.
50 N
100 N
100 N
150 N
What is the net force on the object and in what direction would the object
move?
A. 100 N to the right
B. 100 N to the left
C. 100 N upward
D. 150 N upward
8. Use the diagram below to answer the following question.
100 N
100 N
150 N
75 N
What action would be necessary to balance the forces?
A. Add a force of 50 N to the right and add 25 N downward.
B. Subtract 25 N downward and add 25 N upward.
C. Add a force of 50 N to the right and subtract 25 N downward.
D. Subtract 25 N to the right and subtract 25 N downward.
3rd Item Specification: Explain the relationship between acceleration, force, and
mass.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
9. Which situation would require the greatest amount of force?
A. Stopping a child on a bike.
B. Throwing a baseball.
C. Pulling a puppy on a leash.
D. Pushing a couch across the room.
10. Which situation would cause the greatest acceleration?
A. Applying a force of 12 N to an object that is 100 kg.
B. Applying a force of 10 N to an object that is 100 kg.
C. Applying a force of 12 N to an object that is 1000 kg.
D. Applying a force of 10 N to an object that is 1000 kg.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
11. A person throws a basketball 10 m and then throws a tennis ball 10 m. Which
throw requires more force and why?
A. The basketball because it has a greater volume.
B. The tennis ball because it has less volume.
C. The basketball because it has a greater mass.
D. The tennis ball because it has less mass.
12. A cart with a mass of 100 kg accelerates when 10 N is applied. If the mass is
doubled, how much force is required to maintain the same acceleration.
A. 10 N
B. 20 N
C. 100 N
D. 200 N
4th Item Specification: Given a scenario, predict outcomes based on application of
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
13. A bat strikes a ball into the outfield. If the action force is the bat hitting the
ball, the reaction force is
A. the ball hitting the bat.
B. the ball hitting the ground.
C. the ball flying into the air.
D. the bat being dropped.
14. According to Newton’s 1st Law of Motion, an object
A. at rest will slowly begin moving until a net force is applied.
B. at rest will remain at rest until a net force is applied.
C. in motion will increase in speed with no net force applied.
D. in motion will eventually stop with no net force applied.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
15. A girl riding on a skateboard at 3 m/s suddenly hits the curb. The girl will
A. fall backward with a speed greater than 3 m/s.
B. fall forward with a speed greater than 3 m/s.
C. fall backward at a speed equal to 3 m/s.
D. fall forward at a speed equal to 3 m/s.
16. Predict what will happen if both a small child and a large adult kick a soccer
ball.
A. The small child will kick it farther because he or she has less mass.
B. The large adult will kick it farther because he or she has a greater
mass.
C. The little girl will kick it farther because he or she applies less force.
D. The large adult will kick it farther because he or she applies a greater
force.
5th and 6th Item Specification: (5) Explain how the amount of friction between
objects can be changed. (6) Explain how an increase or decrease in friction can be
beneficial.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
17. The amount of friction is determined by the types of surface in contact and
A. how much force pushes the surfaces together.
B. the density difference between the surfaces.
C. the color contrast between the surfaces.
D. how durable the contact is between surfaces.
18. A brick is sliding across a flat surface. Which of the following has the least
friction?
A. Ice
B. Wood
C. Sand
D. Carpet
19. To increase friction, a person could
A. add a lubricant.
B. wear a swim cap.
C. use a parachute.
D. wax the floor.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
20. Which of the following is an example of why friction can be beneficial?
A. Friction can cause the bottoms of shoes to wear out.
B. Friction can expand the tires of a vehicle during a trip.
C. Friction can prevent cars from sliding
D. Friction increases the drag of an airplane.
21. How would you increase the friction of a marble on a track AND what would
be the result?
A. Cover the cracks with tape so the marble does not slow down.
B. Put oil on the marble and the track so the marble travels faster.
C. Put rubber bands around the marble so it stops in the middle of the
track.
D. Place strips of sand paper on the track so the marble slows at the
end.
7th Item Specification: Create and/or interpret motion graphs.
Depth Of Knowledge Level 1
22. Use the graph below to answer the following question.
Distance Vs. Time
70
60
Distance (km)
50
Object A
40
Object B
Object C
30
Object D
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time (hr)
Which statement about the graph is true?
A. Object A traveled at a constant speed.
B. Object B traveled 30 km in 2 hours.
C. Object C gradually increased speed.
D. Object D slowed down over time.
7
8
23. Use the graph below to answer the following question.
Distance Vs. Time
70
60
Distance (km)
50
Object A
40
Object B
Object C
30
Object D
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Time (hr)
Which statement is true about the graph?
A. Object A traveled at a constant speed of 10 km/hr.
B. Object B traveled at a constant speed of 10 km/hr.
C. Object C traveled at a constant speed of 8 km/hr.
D. Object D traveled at a constant speed of 5 km/hr.
8
Depth Of Knowledge Level 2
24. Use the graph below to answer the following question.
Distance Vs. Time
70
60
Distance (km)
50
Object A
40
Object B
Object C
30
Object D
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time (hr)
Objects A, B, C, and D competed in a race to see who could travel the farthest
in eight hours. Use the graph to determine which statement is correct?
A. Object D started off the fastest and won the race traveling 65 km in
7 hours.
B. Object B traveled 30 km in 2 hours and stopped, losing the race.
C. Object C increased speed at a steady rate throughout the race
coming in 2nd place.
D. Object A came in 3rd place because it traveled a longer route than
the others.
25. Use the graph below to answer the following question.
Distance Vs. Time
70
60
Distance (km)
50
Object A
40
Object B
Object C
30
Object D
20
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Time (hr)
Objects A, B, C, and D competed in a race to see who could travel the farthest
in eight hours. Which statement could you infer based on the graph?
A. Object B had a good start, but then maintained speed for the last 5
hours coming in last?
B. Object C used the strategy of maintaining a constant speed
throughout, but placed 2nd to object A.
C. Object A started out the fastest and was winning the race until
object D passed them after 6 hours.
D. Object D conserved energy in the beginning of the race, but came
though and won traveling 50 km in 8 hrs.
Constructed Response P8B1
1. A motorcycle, small car, and a large truck are traveling throughout town.
A. Describe how each vehicle separately demonstrates Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion.
B. Compare each vehicles experience based on force, mass and acceleration. Justify
your comparisons.
Content Benchmark P.8.B.1
Students know the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on an object’s motion. E/S
Answers to Sample Test Questions
1. C, DOK level 1
2. B, DOK level 1
3. D, DOK level 2
4. D, DOK level 2
5. A, DOK level 1
6. D, DOK level 1
7. C, DOK level 2
8. C, DOK level 2
9. D, DOK level 1
10. A, DOK level 1
11. C, DOK level 2
12. A, DOK level 2
13. A, DOK level 1
14. B, DOK level 1
15. D, DOK level 2
16. D, DOK level 2
17. A, DOK level 1
18. A, DOK level 1
19. C, DOK level 1
20. C, DOK level 2
21. D, DOK level 2
22. B, DOK level 1
23. C, DOK level 1
24. B, DOK level 2
25. C, DOK level 2
Constructed Response 3-point Answer and Score Rubric:
3 points
Response addresses all parts of the question clearly and correctly.
Response clearly describes how each car experiences inertia, force,
mass and acceleration as well as action and reaction. A comparison of
each vehicle is discussed based on the objects mass, and amount of
force necessary to accelerate. Accurate justifications are made using
all of Newton’s Three Laws of Motion to support response.
2 points
Response addresses all parts of the question and includes only minor
errors.
1 point
Response does not address all parts of the question.
0 points
Response is totally incorrect or no response provided.