Chapter 6: Thermal Energy
Date:____________
Section 1: Temperature and Heat - Notes
Learning Goals:
 Define temperature.
 Explain how thermal energy depends on
temperature.


Explain how thermal energy and heat
are related.
Calculate the change in thermal energy.
Matter in Motion:
 Matter is made up of tiny particles (______________________________
___________________) that are in constant, random _______________.

Since particles are always moving, they have _______________________
_______________________.

The faster they move, the ______________ kinetic energy those particles have.
Temperature:
 Temperature: measure of the ______________________________________________________
of the particles in an object.



SI Units
o _____________________________
o
More common  __________________________________
o
1 K is ____________________________________________ to 1 °C degree
Water freezes at:

Water boils at:
o
o
o
o
o
o
Temperature Scales:
o
Converting from Fahrenheit to Celsius

o
Converting from Celsius to Fahrenheit

o
Converting from Celsius to Kelvin

o
Converting from Kelvin to Celsius


Practice:
o Convert 46 °F to Celsius
o
Convert 37 °C to °F
o
Convert 25 °C to Kelvin
Thermal Energy and Heat:
 Thermal energy: the sum of the ____________________________________________________
energy of all the atoms in an object


o
Increases as ________________________________ increases
o
At constant temperature, thermal energy increases if ______________ increases
Which will cause the greatest increase of temperature of a children’s swimming pool that is at
50°F?
o
A cup of water at 100°F
o
A large barrel of water at 80°F
Heat: thermal energy that flows from something at a ________________________ temperature
to something at a ________________________ temperature
o
Heat is a form of energy, so it can be measured in _______________________________
Measuring Heat:

Heat cannot be measured _____________________________.

However, an increase in temperature indicates that ____________________ is being added.

A decrease in temperature indicates that heat is being ______________________________.

Heat will be measured in _____________________ (cal).
o
calorie: the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of ____________
of water by ___________.
o
1 calorie = _________________

The amount of heat needed for a given temperature change depends on the mass.

It takes 1 calorie of heat to change 1 gram of water by 1°C. It would take 10 calories of heat to
change 10 grams of water 1°C.
Specific Heat:
 Specific heat: the amount of heat energy that is needed to raise the temperature of __________
of a substance by _________
o
Example: The specific heat of water is 1 calorie per gram per degree Celsius. (1.00
cal/g°C)

Heat gained or lost = Mass x Change in Temperature x Specific Heat

____________________________________

o
q=
o
m=
o
ΔT =
o
C=
Practice:
o How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 4 grams of aluminum by 5 °C?
(The specific heat of aluminum is 0.22 cal/g ° C)
Calorimetry:
 Calorimeter: an instrument used to measure the ______________
given off by a __________________________________________
o
Works because within a closed container, the heat
_________________ by one substance must equal the heat
_________________ by another substance.

Heat energy will not change the temperature of a substance when
the heat energy is __________________________.
o
Examples: ______________________________________________
o
Heat energy is released when the substances ___________________