DRUG USE… A HIGH RISK
BEHAVIOR!!
• S_____________________ is a high risk
behavior that includes misusing legal drugs
or using illegal drugs or other chemicals
• People abuse drugs for a number of
reasons, none of them healthful!
1. Teenagers –
the highest percentage of use is with
people between the ages of __________
1
Why do teenagers abuse drugs???
• A way to be accepted with peers
• Influenced by the media
• Curious
• A way of rebelling
• Escape pressure
• 2. Adults 3. Elderly 4. Athletes 2
Drug Use… A High Risk
Behavior!!
• Substance abuse can harm a person’s
physical, mental, emotional and social
health and even lead to ___________.
• Substance abuse has far-reaching
consequences for the abuser, for others in
the abuser’s life, and for society at large.
3
What is the difference between
drug use and abuse?
• _______________
1. Using the drug
incorrectly due to
ignorance
2. Taking the drug with
the wrong food
3. Stopping the drug
too soon
• _________
1. intentionally
misusing the drug
4
Dangers of substance abuse
• Side effects can range from minor to
deadly.
• I______________ can be especially
dangerous because there are no controls or
means of monitoring these substances for
q_________________________________.
5
Dangers of drug abuse
• O_______________ – is a strong or fatal reaction
to taking a large amount of drug. Often, overdoses
occur when alcohol and other drugs are
_____________.
• When drug abuse involves injecting substances
through a needle, hepatitis B or HIV can occur
• People who experiment with drugs tend to lose
control…can lead to STD’s or pregnancies
• T____________________ – the body of the abuser
will need more and more of the drug to get the
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same effects and will eventually need it to function
Dangers of Substance abuse
•
•
•
•
Psychological Dependence
Physiological dependence
Withdrawal
Antagonistic interaction – happens
when two drugs taken together
___________ each other out. Exa. Blood
pressure medicine and nicotine
• Synergistic interaction – ____________
the effects of the drugs – multiplier effect
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Dangers of substance abuse
• Risk to unborn and newborns:
1. breast milk – can pass from mother to
infant.
2. Can cause miscarriage or premature
birth
3. Can cause birth defect, mental
retardation
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ADDICTION
_______________ is a process - a series of
gradual changes that happen over time
• This process happens more quickly to some
than others. The ___________ you are, the
quicker the addiction.
• Some people can be hooked on a drug the very
first time they take it
• Once an addiction occurs, the person will need
help if he/she is to have any hope of returning to
normal.
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Addiction Signs:
• Continued concern about where the next “fix” will
come from
• Choosing friends that can supply the
_____________________________
• Changes in appearance or personal health
• Irritability, nervousness, personality changes, mood
swings
• Violent behavior
• Black-outs
• Needing larger amounts of a substance to feel
normal
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Types of Psychoactive drugs
• There are four main groups 1. S________________
2. D________________
3. N_________________
4. H________________
The first three groups, when used properly,
have medicinal value. Hallucinogens
have no _____________________.
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1. STIMULANTS
• Drugs which cause the body systems to
__________________________
• Effects: increased heart rate and breathing,
increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, dry
mouth, dizziness, sweating, headache, blurred
vision, sleeplessness, anxiety, moodiness
• Very high doses: irregular heartbeat, tremors,
high fever, heart failure
• How it enters the body: swallowed, snorted,
injected
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STIMULANTS
• Amphetamines - people use them
illegally to stay awake and alert, to improve
athletic performance, to lose weight, etc.
• Methamphetamine –Short term problems
– mind and mood changes such as anxiety,
euphoria, and depression
Long term problems – chronic fatigue,
paranoid or delusional thinking, permanent
psychological damage.
13
Methamphetamine-Con’t
• Creates a false sense of energy where the drug
can push the body faster and further than it is
meant to go.
• Is a powerfully addictive drug that can cause
aggression and violent or psychotic behavior.
• Can cause a severe “crash” after the effects
wear off, can cause irreversible damage to the
blood vessels in the brain, heart failure, liver,
kidney and lung damage
14
“Meth Mouth”
• Experts believe that meth ravages teeth by
drying up saliva and leaving users with
“______________________.”
• Without saliva, bacteria in the mouth
multiply, leading to _______________.
• Dentists report that healthy teeth can
become rotten from even a
______________ of meth use.
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16
17
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Stimulants –slang names
•
•
•
•
Speed
Uppers
Coke
Pep pills
•
•
•
•
Toot
Dust
Coke
Snow
• Medical use Treats
hyperactive children
• Treats narcolepsy
• Used for weight control
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Stimulants
• _________– is a powerful stimulant that causes
a short-lived high that is immediately followed
by opposite, intense feelings of depression,
edginess, and a craving for more of the drug.
• Cocaine users often don’t eat or sleep regularly.
They can experience increased heart rate,
muscle spasms, and convulsion.
• Using cocaine can make you feel paranoid,
angry, hostile, and anxious even when you’re
not high
• If you snort cocaine, you can permanently
damage your _______________________.
20
• This 42-year-old cocaine addict complained of
longstanding nasal stuffiness. On examination,
he had crusting and ulceration of the nasal
mucosa, perforation of the nasal septum, and a
hole in his soft palate.
21
Cocaine – Con’t
• Cocaine interferes with the way your brain
processes chemicals that create feelings of
pleasure. So you need more and more of the
drug just to feel normal.
• People who become addicted to cocaine start to
lose interest in other areas of their life – school,
friends, sports…
• Crack – free basing changes cocaine into a
concentrated smoke able form called crack
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2. DEPRESSANTS
• Drugs used medicinally to relieve anxiety, irritability,
tension. They slow down the central nervous system
• They are used legally to reduce pain, relieve stress,
anxiety and fear
• High potential for abuse, development of tolerance
Produce state of intoxication similar to that of alcohol
Combined with alcohol, increase effects, multiply risks
• Staggering, stumbling, lack of coordination, slurred
speech
Falling asleep while at work, difficulty concentrating
Dilated pupils
b
a
r
b
i
t
u
r
a
t
e
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2. Depressants
• Larger amounts cause slurred speech, impaired
judgment,
loss of motor coordination
• Very large doses may cause respiratory depression,
coma, death
• Newborn babies of abusers may show dependence,
withdrawal
symptoms, behavioral problems, birth defects
• Tranquilizers, barbiturates, marijuana,
• Swallowed, injected, smoked, snorted
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3. Narcotics are drugs derived from
the opium plant that have a
sedative effect
• A Narcotic is defined as a drug from opium or
morphine that in moderate doses relieves pain and
induces deep sleep. Excessive use can cause
tremors and seizures
• Medical use: pain relief, cough
• suppressant (codeine), pain relief, stops diarrhea,
relief from tooth pain
• Morphine – used to reduce severe pain. Exa.
Relief from cancer
• Slang – names – Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown
Sugar, Junk, Black Tar, Big H, Dope, Skag
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3. Narcotics
Heroin – has no accepted medical use in the U.S.
and is the most frequently abused narcotic.
• It depresses the central nervous system
• Enters the brain quickly. It particularly affects those
regions of the brain responsible for producing
physical dependence – highly addictive!
• It slows down the way you think, slows down
reaction time, and slows down memory
• How it enters the body: injected, smoked or
inhaled
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3. Narcotics
Heroin
• Short term affects: surge of euphoria
("rush") accompanied by a warm flushing of
the skin,
• a dry mouth, and heavy speech, slow gait,
constricted pupils, droopy eyelids,
extremities.
• Following this initial euphoria, the user goes
"on the nod," an alternately wakeful and
drowsy state.
• Mental functioning becomes clouded due to
the depression of the central nervous
system.
• Other effects included slowed and slurred
impaired night vision, vomiting, constipation.
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3. Narcotics
Heroine
Long-term problems:
• users must take the drug to feel “normal.”
• A break of only one day can bring on
severe, very painful withdrawal symptoms
– aches, chills, sweating, muscle spasms
and weakness.
• After a break, the usual dose may be an
overdose
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Heroine
•Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as
early as a few hours after the last administration,
produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone
pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with
goose bumps ("cold turkey").
• Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who
are in poor health can be fatal.
•Signs of heroine overdose: shallow breathing, pinpoint
pupils, clammy skin, convulsions, coma
High probability of _______________ after withdrawal
from the drug
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3. Narcotics
• Heroin is one of the
top ______ frequently
reported drugs by
medical examiners in
drug abuse deaths.
• Purity of the drug is
now 10 times stronger
than in the 1980’s
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Heroin
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4. HALLUCINOGENS
(Psychedelics)
• Drugs that ___________ the senses and
cause hallucinations – changes the way the
brain interprets time, reality, and the
environment, may produce bizarre,
unpredictable behaviors, person may sit for
hours in a quiet, dreamlike state.
• Could appear as liquid, capsules, powder,
blotter paper, thin gelatin squares,
mushrooms
• how it enters the body: swallowed,
injected, smoked, licked off paper, chewed32
4. Hallucinogens
• Short term effects: a “bad trip” – intense
panic, confusion, deep depression, terrors,
scary delusions. Can cause fatal
accidents
• Long term effects: Out-of-the-blue
_____________________ – hallucinations
without taking the drug again for up to a
few days, weeks, months or years after an
acid trip. Causes severe depression
33
• All are illegal –
4. Hallucinogens
• ___________ (angel dust) is a synthetically
prepared drug – considered to be one of the most
dangerous of all drugs. Time seems to pass
slowly, body movements slow down, coordination
impaired, dulls the sensations of touch and pain.
Many PCP users are brought to the emergency
room because of its disturbing psychological
effects including delusions and paranoia
• Most PSP related deaths are caused by the
strange, destructive behavior that the drug
produces in the user.
• Exa . PCP users have drown in shallow water
due to not knowing which way is up, died in fires
due no sensitivity to the pain of burning
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4.Hallucinogens
• LSD – (acid) effects are widely
unpredictable. Some users believe that
they can ________________
• LSD “acid” is odorless, colorless. Often
added to absorbent paper, such as blotter
paper, and divided into small decorated
squares.
35
4.Hallucinogens
• .
36
Hallucinogens
• The effects of LSD are unpredictable. Great
mood swings, delusions and visual
hallucinations. The user may “hear” colors and
see sounds.
• Trips are long – about 12 hours. Some users
experience severe, terrifying thoughts and
feelings, fear of losing control, fear of insanity
and death and despair.
• _________________ – occurs suddenly, often
without warning, and may occur within a few
days, weeks, months, and even years after use.
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ANABOLIC STEROIDS
• Powerful compounds that are similar to the
male sex hormone, _______________.
These drugs are taken to increase muscle
mass and strength
• Effects: may initially increase muscle
mass, body strength, and weight, purple or
red spots on the body, swelling of feet and
legs, unpleasant breath odor, depression,
increased risk of heart attack, stroke liver
cancer, acne
• “Roid Rage”
39
Anabolic Steroids
• Males - sterility, withered testicles,
impotence
• Females – irreversible masculine traits,
breast reduction, sterility
• How it enters the body: swallowed,
intramuscular injection
40
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Steroids
42
43
Steroids
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45
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INHALANTS
• Dangerous fumes are concentrated in a bag,
on a cloth, etc. and _______________
• Effects: nausea, sneezing, coughing,
nosebleeds, fatigue, lack of coordination, loss
of appetite,
* solvents – decrease in heart rate and
breathing, impaired judgment
*nitrites – rapid pulse, headaches, loss of
bowel and bladder control, long term use can
cause hepatitis, brain damage, nervous
system damage, suffocation, and death
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Inhalants
How it enters the body: Vapors are
inhaled through the _______________
A person can go into a coma from a
single use and be in a vegetable state
the rest of his/her life
G_________________________
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MARIJUANA
• The dried leaves, stems, and seeds of the
cannabis sativa plant.
• Hashish is the dark brown resin that is
collected from the top of this plant.
• Effects: increased heart rate, bloodshot
eyes, dry mouth and throat, increased
appetite, short-term memory loss, altered
sense of time, damage to lungs and
circulatory system
• How it enters the body: Smoked in joints,
pipes, eaten
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Hasish
50
Marijuana
• Main active chemical in marijuana is ____.
Marijuana’s effects on the user depend on
the _____________ of the THC
• Cannabis is a hallucinogen and has the
effects of both a depressant and a
stimulant
• Alters your senses, coordination, reaction
time, and can interrupt your ability to make
rational and healthful decisions
51
• If you use marijuana for
a long time, you could
start losing interest in
how you look and how
you’re doing in sports,
school or any activity
that you are involved in
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"Happy" Ceramic
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Marijuana
• Short term effects: problems with memory
and learning, distorted perception,
difficulty in thinking and problem solving,
loss of coordination, increased heart rate,
anxiety, and panic attacks.
• Effects on the lungs: same respiratory
problems that tobacco users have.
(cancer, etc,)
55
CLUB DRUGS
• Refer to a wide variety of drugs often used at
all-night dance parties (raves), nightclubs,
and concerts.
• Some club drugs are _________________
• ___________________________. They can
be added to beverages by individuals to
intoxicate or sedate others.
• There has been an increase in reports of
club drugs used to commit sexual assaults
• Some are stimulants –ecstasy, others are
depressants – GHB,Rohypnol
56
Club Drugs
• Ecstasy (MDMA) – “adam,” or “HTC” - mind
altering drug with hallucinogenic properties
• Health hazards: psychological difficulties,
confusion, depression, sleep problems, drug
craving, severe depression.
• Physical problems: muscle tension, nausea,
blurred vision, chills, sweating
• Long term problems: damage to the parts of the
brain critical to thought and memory
57
CLUB DRUGS
• GHB – is odorless and nearly tasteless.
Induces a state of relaxation
• Can be slipped into someone’s drink
without detection. Has been reportedly
used in cases of date rape. GHB is a
sedative that can make you unconscious
and immobilize you
• Physical problems: nausea, vomiting,
respiratory problems, seizures, coma
58
CLUB DRUGS
• Rohypnol – people may unknowingly be
given the drug which, when mixed with
alcohol, can incapacitate and prevent a
victim from resisting _________________.
• Physical symptoms: sedative-hypnotic
effects including muscle relaxation and
amnesia.
59
Club Drugs
• Ketamine: “special k” is a powerful hallucinogen
that includes visual distortions and a lost sense
of time, sense and identity.
• Profound physical and mental problems
including delirium, amnesia, impaired motor
function and potentially fatal problems
• Special K is a powder that is usually snorted but
is sometimes sprinkled on tobacco or marijuana
and smoked.
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Addiction: recognizing the
problem
• Many families, after recognizing that the problem exists,
will have an intervention.
• Intervention - the interruption of the addiction
continuum before the addict hits bottom.
• Meetings take place without the addicted person’s
knowledge.
• Second step in the process is a surprise meeting with
the addict that forces the addict to face the seriousness
of the problem.
• If addict refuses to recognize the problem, they will be
steps taken to the refusal – Wife will move out, etc.
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Recovery
• A process that happens over time -. A recovered
person never says “I am cured, but “I am
recovering.”
• The first step in the recovery process is
_______________________ – the removal of
the drug from the body, usually under medical
supervision
• This step also includes restoring one’s mental
health
• Most experts recommend total abstinence
• Relapse – slips from recovery, or periodic
returns to use can happen
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Treatment options
• Support groups such as AA, narcotics
Anonymous, cocaine anonymous
• Detoxification Units – a person is under a
drs. care and may be given some
medication to ease the symptoms of
withdrawal
• Inpatient treatment centers – involves
detox and counseling, both individual and
group
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Treatment options
• Outpatient treatment centers –
involves follow up sessions, counseling
• Continuing programs
• Halfway housespeople are admitted to this program generally
after they have completed at least a 28 day
recovery program where they stay for 6 months
to a year where they learn coping and living
skills they will need when they return to society.
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Choosing to be Drug Free!
• Learn to say “no!”
*Give a reason (lie or truth)
*Provide alternatives
*Use eye contact to say no
*Take a definite action
• Realize that no drug will solve your problem
• Talk to trusted friend/counselor, etc.
• Learn to handle the stress in you life and get
help when you need it.
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