►Inflammation
►More
of the joints
than 100 types
►Some examples:
-osteoarthritis,
-rheumatoid arthritis
►Breakdown of cartilage from
chronic wear and tear
►Obesity, sports, aging…
Commonly found:
 Fingers
 Vertebrae
 Hips
 Knees
 Wrists
 Autoimmune disease

Body attacks its own joint capsules

Causes inflammation, swelling,
hardening of joint



►Curvature of the spine
►Degeneration of discs
causes painful symptoms

Pain and inflammation
of a thick band of
tissue, the plantar
fascia, that runs across
the bottom of your foot
and connects your heel
bone to your toes

Bone build-up
►Bone cushions
become inflamed and
hard

inflammation of a bursa

Decrease in bone density – becomes extra
spongy

Decreased bone strength resulting in
fragile bones.

Results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the
bones.



Disturbance in strong bone formation
Caused by a lack of Vitamin D
Trouble absorbing calcium
Most common =
shoulder





Caused by repetitive
stress:
sports
strenuous exercise
heavy physical labor
Especially common in
the metatarsal bones
of foot, particularly in
runners

Open Reduction: surgical realignment of
broken bones;
 pins, screws, rods, wires

Closed Reduction: non-surgical realignment
of broken bones;
 splints, casts