Statistical Portrait of
Entrepreneurs which indicators to include?
Peter Bøegh Nielsen
Statistics Denmark
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Danish statistics on
business demography
• Register-based
• Full coverage
• Integration of economic and social statistics
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Enterprise or entrepreneur?
Enterprise
• Activity
• Size-class
• Legal form
(Unique identification no.)
• Age
• Gender
• Education
(Unique identification no.)
Entrepreneurs
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Types of statistics
produced
• Birth of Enterprises
• New Entrepreneurs and their
characteristics
• Survival of new enterprises
• High growth Entrepreneurs
• Death of enterprises
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Entrepreneur indicators
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Age
Gender
Level of education
Previous branch experience
Nationality
Financial situation prior to enterprise start-up
Total work experience
Entrepreneur’s relation to labour market the year
before enterprise start-up
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Are new entrepreneurs better educated than
the work force in general?
Long-cycle higher
education
Total population
Women entrepreneurs
Medium-cycle higher
education
Male entrepreneurs
Short-cycle higher
education
Vocational education and
training
No vocational education
0
10
20
30
40
50
Per cent
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Does previous branch experience
have an impact on survival?
90
80
Without
previous branch experience
With previous branch experience
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Profiles of new entrepreneurs
Manu
facturing
Constructi
-on
Whole
-sale
Retail
Trade
Hotels
and
restau
-rants
Transport.
Knowledge
servic
es
Opera
-tional
servic
es
Other
servic
es
Men
0,98
1,36
1,16
0,72
0,88
1,27
1,07
0,77
0,78
Immigrants
0,45
0,21
1,02
1,32
4,13
1,00
0,48
1,43
1,08
Previous unemployed
1,13
0,84
1,05
0,93
2,29
1,10
0,71
1,26
1,02
Gross income
> 200.000 kr.
0,99
1,27
1,09
0,83
0,62
1,04
1,12
0,82
0,89
Fortune> 200.000 kr.
1,35
0,98
1,24
0,83
0,65
0,68
1,21
0,77
0,87
Vocational education
1,15
1,54
1,33
1,10
0,88
0,94
0,61
0,80
1,05
University education
0,98
0,45
0,68
0,71
0,42
0,22
1,87
0,96
0,85
Branch experience
0,64
2,12
1,05
0,58
1,06
0,93
0,76
0,90
1,11
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Which type of employees do new enterprises
attract?
60
Per cent.
50
40
30
20
10
0
Emploees in new
enterprises
Employees in new
job (private sector)
All employees
(private sector)
No vocational education
Vocational education
Medium-cycle education
Long-cycle higher education
All employees
Short-cycle higher education
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Can we identify gazelles?
Gazelles
1pct.
P art-time
entrepreneurs
22 pct.
Emplo yers
35 pct.
Life-style
entrepreneurs
41pct.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
Profile of gazelles
Surviving
entrepreneurs
Growth
entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs
without
Life-style
employees
With vocational education


Growth oriented
entrepreneurs
Employers
With work experience
With prior branch experience


Part-time
entrepreneurs
Elder
With tertiary education (nonuniversity/ university)

No employees
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006
The Danish focus
New entrepreneurs:
•
•
•
•
•
Gazelles
Innovative start-ups
Spin-offs
Export-oriented entrepreneurs
Special segments (e.g. female entrepreneurs, ethnic
entrepreneurs
Existing entrepreneurs:
• High growth entrepreneurs
• Restarters
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS – ISTAT Seminar December 2006