Biology Reading Notes Outline
Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function
Name:______________________________
Period: _________ Date: _____________
Read Chapter 7. As you do so, take notes on the following topics on a separate piece of notebook paper.
You will have to study these for tests, so do not just “answer” the topic questions below- write out the
info in an outline format that contains the detail needed to understand what the topic is and what it
means. Leave space between each topic so you can add to the notes during in-class lectures.
Ch. 7.1- Life is Cellular
1. Describe Robert Hooke’s contribution to cell discovery.
2. Describe Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s contribution to cell discovery.
3. What type of technology did these scientists use in their work?
4. What are cells?
5. What conclusions did Schleiden and Schwann make about cells?
6. List the principles of the cell theory.
7. Describe the characteristics and capabilities of a
a. light microscope
b. electron microscope
8. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
a. How are they alike? Different?
b. What types of organisms are prokaryotes? Eukaryotes?
Ch. 7.2- Cell Structure
1. Describe cell organization:
a. What is the cytoplasm?
b. What are organelles?
c. Why is the nucleus to important?
2. Describe the role/function of the following organelles:
a. vacuoles (how are vacuoles different in plants?)
b. vesicles
c. lysosomes
d. cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules)
3. What organelles are involved in protein synthesis?
4. Describe the role/function of the following organelles:
a. ribosomes
b. endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)
c. golgi apparatus
5. Which organelles capture and release energy?
6. Discuss the role of chloroplasts.
7. Discuss the role of mitochondria.
8. Why are cellular boundaries so important?
9. Where are cell walls found and what is their role?
10. What is the role of the cell membrane?
a. Describe the cell membranes physical characteristics.
b. How do lipids (a macromolecule) play a role in the cell membrane?
c. Describe the fluid mosaic model
11. What does selectively permeable mean?
Ch. 7.3- Cell Transport
1. What is diffusion?
a. Explain the purpose of diffusion.
b. What makes diffusion happen?
2. What is passive transport?
3. Describe facilitated diffusion.
a. What macromolecules are carriers/channels in the cell membrane?
4. What are aquaporins?
5. Describe the process of osmosis.
a. How is osmosis different from diffusion?
6. At what point does water stop moving across the cell membrane?
7. Define: isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic.
8. Does osmosis require energy?
9. What is osmotic pressure?
10. In a plant cell, what organelle changes size with the movement of water into/out of the cell?
11. If a cell is placed in a fresh water environment, what happens?
12. How do plant and bacterial cells keep from expanding too much?
13. What is active transport? Does it require energy?
14. What are the major types of active transport?
15. Explain how small molecules and ions cross the cell membrane.
16. When is bulk transport used?
17. Define and describe the process of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Ch. 7.4- Homeostasis and Cells
1. How do unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis?
2. How do the cells of multicellular organisms work together to maintain homeostasis?
3. Describe cell specialization.
4. List the levels of organization of specialized cells and briefly describe each.
5. How do cells communicate in large organisms?
a. Describe how a cellular junction works:
b. Describe how a receptor works: