THE
DEFENSIVE DRIVER
Our Team Introduction
www.cs.odu.edu/~410red
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Presentation Overview
 The Problem
 Current Process
 The Solution
 Our Box
 Is There A Market
 Risks And Benefits
 Conclusion
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Inexperienced motor vehicle driving
habits are the leading cause of
accidents in the United States.
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How Bad Is It?
“Teenage driver accidents are so common that
they are now considered to be the leading
cause of death among teenagers (boys and
girls between the ages of 15 and 19)”
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
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Auto Accident Statistics
 2008: 5,811,000
police-reported
traffic crashes1
 37,261 people
killed
 2,346,000 injured
 4,146,000 crashes
involving property
damage
(1)
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811162.PDF
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Auto Accident Fatality Statistics
1
2
(1)
NHTSA http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811162.PDF
(2)
NHTSA http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811036.PDF
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Costs of Auto Accidents
 $1,000 a year for each American 1
 Economic cost of speed related crashes:
$40.4 billion a year 2
U.S. car accident cost:
$164.2 billion every year 1
(1)
CNN http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/05/news/economy/AAA_study/
(2)
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811162.PDF
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Current Driver’s
License Process
Receive
Permit
Complete
Driving
Course
Pass Road
Test
CS410 Red Team
Receive
License or
Endorsement
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First Time Driver’s License
Requirements in Virginia
•
•
Must be a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia
Must be at least 16 years and 3 months of age
–
•
•
Under 19 years of age, you must complete a state-approved driver education
program
19 years of age and over, you must show proof that you:
–
–
•
Passed an approved driver education course, or,
You held a Virginia learner’s permit for at least 30 days before taking the DMV road skills test
Provide documents to prove:
–
–
–
–
•
Under 18 years of age, you must provide written consent from a parent or legal guardian
(unless you are married or emancipated)
Identity
Legal presence
Virginia residency
Social Security Number (if applicable)
Tests may include:
–
–
–
Vision screening
Two-part knowledge exam
Road skills test
Virginia DMV: http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/eligibility.asp
http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/applying.asp
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Driver’s Education Schools in
Virginia - The Costs
 200 Driver Training schools
 Average costs: $50 to $150 per lesson
 ~$700 to $1400 per program
Virginia DMV: http://www.dmv.virginia.gov/webdoc/commercial/business/diclinic/index.asp
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Current Driver Improvement
Clinic Process
Issued
Ticket
Convicted
Required
of
Driving
Offense
Clinic
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Successfully
Complete
Clinic
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Virginia DMV
Driver Improvement Clinics




200 Driver Improvement clinics [2]
About 6,400 habitual offenders per year
Teaches defensive driving techniques
Average repeat offenders per clinic every year:
32 students [1]
 Eight-hour classroom sessions [1]
 Cost = less than $75
 Available as a computer-based course on the Internet
 Potentially awarded 5 safe driving points upon
completion [1]
 Available once every 24 months
(1) Virginia DMV: http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/backonroad.asp
(2) Virginia DMV: http://www.dmv.virginia.gov/webdoc/commercial/business/diclinic/index.asp
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Introducing The Defensive Driver
 Driving data recording
 Data storage
 Real-time driving tips
 Report generation
 Violation detection
 Passive reinforcement
Image Credit: dashdaq.com
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Our Intended Implementation
 Make The Defensive Driver an integral part of
the current driving syllabus by:
 Requiring a minimum number of recorded safe
driving hours
 Required minimum good driving habit percentage
 Actively remind inexperienced drivers of good
driving habits
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Process With Defensive Driver
Install The
Defensive
Driver Unit
Receive
Permit
Unit Records
and Reinforces
Driving Habits
Complete
Driving
Course
Pass Road
Test
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Driving is
Verified and
Removed By
Proper
Authority
Receive
License or
Endorsement
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Automobile Background
 ECU Parameters
( SAE Society of Automotive EngineersJ1979 )









Speed
Engine RPM
Ignition on
Battery Voltage
VIN #
Fuel Trim Values
Voltages
DTC (diagnostics trouble codes)
Freeze Frame Data
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OBD-II Interface
 On-Board Diagnostics
 Standardized 1996
 Data and Power Provider
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Major Functional Component Diagram
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Inside The Defensive Driver
 OBD-II PIC (Programmable Interface Chips) Microchip
 Processor Board - ARM 9
 Internal Memory - Compact Flash
 External Memory - SD, SDHC, SDXC
 GPS Receiver - (AarLogic GPS 3T)

SiRF Star III ( Fast TTFF )

NMEA, SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS)
 5.0” TFT LCD Touch Screen Display
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Device Process Flow
Receive Data
From ODB-II
Continuously
Analyze
Store Information
For Later Analysis
Analyze Pertinent
Information
Give Driver RealTime Feedback
Image Credit: dashdaq.com
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Interfaces
 OBD-II Interface to RS232
 USB Type A Interface
 For ODB-II Connection
 6x CAN Interface - bandwidth
 External USB Devices Interfaces
 SD Memory Interface
 LCD Display Interface
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The Defensive Driver Software
 Software
 Operating System – Linux
 Open Source
 Microkernel
 OpenVGA, OpenGL
 Database
 Internal
 External
 Profiling Software Algorithms
 GPS Mapping Software
Image Credit: http://www.rmtracking.com/gpsproducts/gpstrackingkey.php
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On-Board Software Characteristics
 Collect OBD-II data points
 Analyze driving conditions
 Provide responses based on current driving
behavior
 Record driving session for further analysis
 Display data on the screen
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Computer Based Software
Characteristics
 Manage driver history
 Identify and group drivers based on common
driving errors
 Based on common types of traffic violations[1]
 Create reports on individual and group drivers
 Speed limit detection
 Stop sign detection
(1) Driving and Moving Violations: http://www.abika.com/Reports/driving_moving_violations.htm
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External Factor Touchpoints
External Factors
Solution Feature
Seat Belt
Measure if/when the driver wears the seat belt
Obtain posted speed limits
Determine if speeding
Obtain stop-sign locations
Determine if vehicle completely stops
Distance traveled
Records total distance travelled during each trip
Following too closely
Records excessive braking patterns
Numbers of hours driving
Records the numbers of hours the car is in driving
mode
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GPS and Driving Monitor Market
 Nearly 300 million Americans own an “in-car” GPS
(2007) 1, 2
 DriveCam currently has its monitoring system in
100,000 commercial and consumer vehicles 3
4
96.6% growth
in GPS market
(1)
http://www.itfacts.biz/17-of-americans-have-a-gps-device-34-are-handheld-33-are-car-mounted/8873
(2)
http://www.prb.org/pdf07/07WPDS_Eng.pdf
(3)
http://eetimes.eu/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207603212
(4)
http://blogs.zdnet.com/ITFacts/?p=11523
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Customers
 Primary
 Driver Education
 In schools
 Driving Improvement
Clinics
 Secondary
 Parents
 School Bus Drivers
 Taxi Drivers
 Big Rig Drivers
 DMV
 To issue for rehabilitation
use
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Price Point
MIN
Max
$450.00
$550
ARM 9 Processor
$100
$150
GPS Receiver
$20
$50
OBD II Interface Chip
$10
$30
LCD Touch-screen Display
$50
$100
Total
$180
$330
Using DashDAQ II Only
DashDAQ II-Retail
Equivalent Parts
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Customer Benefits
 Automated recording of student
performance
 Ability to generate reports on individual and
group drivers
 Offer potential customers a new tool to boost
performance
 Increased student performance means
customer’s service is better
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End User
 Helps to reinforce good driving habits
 Identifies bad driving habits and corrects
them
 Record driving times for each user to help
with Department of Motor Vehicle
requirements
 Prevents tickets
 Prevents accidents
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Current Competition
Competitors
Speed Demon
Maximum
Records Excessive Seat Belt
Sets a
Realtime Speed Limit
Driving
Volume for
Distance Breaking Reminder
Maximum
Availability Monitoring
Simulator
Audio
Traveled Monitoring Chimer
Speed
Systems
X
X
Tracking Key by RMT
X
DriveCam
X
The Safe Driving Monitor
X
X
X
X
X
MyKey
X
Virtual Driver Interactive
X
Drive Safety
X
Drive Square
X
The Defensive Driver
X
X
X
X
X
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X
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X
X
X
X
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Feasibility Problems
 Having product accepted as a mandatory
driving instruction component
 Government involvement
 The hardware components will have to be
incorporated in a specific way
 Technical complexity
 Software will be complex
 Detailed research and design will be crucial
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Legal Issues
Issues on a similar product, the “Black Box”:
States have different interpretations of:
 Who owns information collected by black
boxes
 When a court order is required to collect black
box data
 Whether drivers need to be informed if the
vehicle they are buying has a black box
Consumer Affairs-http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/02/black_boxes_states.html
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Risk Analysis
User
Probability
Expected
Extreme
Impact
High
Moderate
Low
T1
U3, T3, L1
U2, F1
High
Moderate
Not
Likely
T2, F2
U1
Low
Negligible
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Conclusion
 Important Societal Problem
 Hardware Available
 Software Implementable
 Customer Gains
 End User Gains
 Lives Saved
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Team Collaboration
 Meetings
 2 + times per week
 Tools Utilized
 Google Chat
 Microsoft Office Communicator
 Availability Info
 Desktop Sharing
 Audio Conference
 Video Features
 File Sharing
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References

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811162.PDF National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811036.PDF National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

http://money.cnn.com/2008/03/05/news/economy/AAA_study/ CNN

http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/eligibility.asp Virginia DMV

http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/applying.asp Virginia DMV

http://www.dmv.virginia.gov/webdoc/commercial/business/diclinic/index.asp Virginia DMV

http://www.dmv.state.va.us/webdoc/citizen/drivers/backonroad.asp Virginia DMV

http://dashdaq.com DashDAQ

http://www.abika.com/Reports/driving_moving_violations.htm Driving and Moving Violations

http://www.itfacts.biz/17-of-americans-have-a-gps-device-34-are-handheld-33-are-car-mounted/8873
ITFacts

http://www.prb.org/pdf07/07WPDS_Eng.pdf Population Reference Bureau

http://eetimes.eu/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=207603212 DriveCam indentifies risky driving, by R. Coling
Johnson, EETimes Europe

http://blogs.zdnet.com/ITFacts/?p=11523 Portable GPS navigation market statistics, by ZDNet

http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2006/02/black_boxes_states.html Consumer Affairs
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Questions ?
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