TEK 8.10
Earth and Space
The student knows that climatic
interactions exist among Earth,
ocean, and weather systems.
Vocabulary
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Gulf Stream
Front
Convection current
Weather
Climate
Land breeze
7. Sea breeze
8. El Nino
9. High pressure system
10. Low pressure system
11. Air mass
12. Density
Quiz #3
1. The conditions of the atmosphere at a particular
time.
2. A large body of air that has a certain temperature
and amount of moisture.
3. A wind from the sea that develops over land near
coasts caused by the difference in temperatures of
land and the ocean.
4. An area of relative pressure maximum that has
diverging winds and a rotation opposite to the
earth's rotation.
5. The leading edge of an air masses
Bonus
A powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean
current that originates at the tip of Florida, and
follows the eastern coastlines of the United
States and Newfoundland before crossing the
Atlantic Ocean
8.10 Student Expectations
A) Recognize that the Sun provides the energy that
drives convection within the atmosphere and
oceans, producing winds and ocean currents.
B) Identify how global patterns of atmospheric
movement influence local weather using weather
maps that show high and low pressures and
fronts.
C) Identify the role of the oceans in the formation
of weather systems such as hurricanes.
Air Masses
Weather
It describes the condition of the air at
a particular time and place. Weather
also tells how the air moves (wind)
and describes anything it might be
carrying such as rain, snow or clouds.
Thunder, lightning, rainbows, haze
and other special events are all part
of weather.
Climate
It describes the average weather
conditions in a certain place or during
a certain season. Weather may change
from day to day, but climate changes
only over hundreds or thousands of
years.
Air Masses
-a large body of air that has a certain temperature
and amount of moisture.
-2 main types of air masses
1. Maritime
2. Continental
Maritime Air Mass
-air mass formed over an ocean
Maritime Tropical
Maritime Polar
 Forms over the ocean
near the equator
 Made of warm, moist
air.
 Forms over the ocean
north of the U.S.
 Made of cool, moist air
Continental Air Mass
-air masses formed over land
Continental Tropical
 made of hot dry air
 forms over Mexico
 moves north in the
summer
Continental Polar aka
Continetal Artic
 made of cold, dry air
 Forms in Canada
 Moves south into the
United States in the
winter
Maritime
Polar Air Mass
Continental
Polar Air Mass
description
description
Maritime
Tropical Air
Mass
Continental
Tropical Air
Mass
Air Masses
-20 for
no color
description
description
12-100
11-92
10-83
9-75
8-67
7-58
6-50
5-42
4-33
3-25
2-17
1-8
Study your Air Mass
Foldable!
QUIZ TODAY!!!!!
Yaaayyyy!!!
Air Mass Quiz
1. An air mass that forms over the Northern
Atlantic Ocean with cold and moist air.
2. An air mass that originates over Mexico with
warm, dry air.
3.
4.
5.
Bonus
If you are traveling at 25 m/s, how long would it
take you to travel 100 m?
Bonus
If you are traveling at 20 m/s, how long would it
take you to travel 100 m?
Air Mass/Fronts Quiz
1. An air mass that forms over the Northern
Atlantic Ocean with cold and moist air.
2. An air mass that originates over Mexico with
warm, dry air.
3.
4.
5.
6. What type of front?
7. What type of front?
8. What type of weather is associated with warm
fronts?
Stormy or Light Showers
9. What type of weather is associated with cold fronts?
Stormy or Light Showers
10. Why does warm air rise and cold air sink?
Bonus
If you are traveling at 25 m/s, how long would it
take you to travel 100 m?
Bonus
If you are traveling at 20 m/s, how long would it
take you to travel 100 m?
Air Mass Quiz
1. The condition of the air around us.
2. An air mass that originates over Mexico with
warm, dry air.
3.
4.
5.
PAP Quiz #2
1. A large body of air that has a certain
temperature and amount of moisture.
2.-5. Identify each air mass & describe the
temperature and amount of moisture of each.
3.
2.
4.
Bonus
While in college, Mr. McDonald drove an
unreliable Isuzu pickup truck. It was a common
occurrence for the truck to die at stoplights. If
the car stalled 100 meters from a parking and if
the truck had a mass of 1,400 kg and if Mr.
McDonald accelerated the truck 2 m/s2 , how
much work would Mr. McDonald have done to
move the truck? (Units are Joules (J).)
Weather Fronts
-an area where two masses with different
temperatures and different densities collide, but
do not mix.
types of fronts
1. Cold Front
2. Warm Front
3.Stationary Front
Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air, replacing
(at ground level) a warmer mass of air.
-Cool air mass is more dense (more mass in given
space)
-moves under warm, less dense, air (less dense) as
it rises and creates heavy clouds
-bring violent storms that last a short period of
time.
Cold Front
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in to
replace a cold air mass.
-Warm air pushes cold air and gradually rises
over cold air mass creating small clouds.
-bring light/mellow rain and showers that can last
for several days.
Warm Front
Stationary Front
-A stationary front forms when a cold front or
warm front stops moving.
-This happens when two masses of air are
pushing against each other but neither is
powerful enough to move the other.
--brings many days of continuous precipitation
Stationary Front
Watch This!!
Weather Fronts and Air Masses Study Jamz
Fronts Foldable
•
•
•
•
•
Fold paper in half
2 Drawings (1 pt. each)
2 labels of Fronts (1 pt. each)
2 definitions (1 pt. each)
2 explanations of the weather that results from each
front
• 2 explanations about why cold air replaces and lifts
warm air, and why warm air pushes and covers cold air
but does not lift cold air(1 pt. each)
• 2 symbols (1 pt. each)
• -20 for no color
Cold Front (1pt)
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air,
replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass
of air. (1 pt)
Weather-bring violent storms that are
followed by fair, cooler weather (1pt)
(1pt)
(1pt)
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving in
to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by
warmer, more humid weather.
Cold Front
-the leading edge of a cooler mass of air,
replacing (at ground level) a warmer mass
of air.
Weather-bring violent storms that are
followed by fair, cooler weather
Warm Front
-leading edge of a warm air mass moving
in to replace a cold air mass.
-bring rain and showers followed by
warmer, more humid weather.
Air Mass/Fronts Quiz
3.
1.
2.
• Identify the type of front:
4.
5.
Bonus
Pressure Systems
Air Pressure
-the weight of the air pressing down on the
Earth, the ocean and on the air below
High Pressure Weather System
-A high pressure system is a whirling mass of cool,
dry air that generally brings fair weather and
light winds.
-winds spiral out of a high-pressure center in a
clockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere.
These bring sunny skies. A high pressure system is
represented as a big, blue H.
- > High H for Happy
-winds move clockwise
High Pressure Weather System
Low Pressure System
A low pressure system is a whirling mass of
warm, moist air that generally brings stormy
weather with strong winds.
-winds spiral into a low-pressure center in a
counterclockwise rotation in the Northern
Hemisphere.
A low pressure system is represented as a big,
red L.
- Low -Lousy Weather
-Counter clock is bad
Low Pressure Weather System
Weather Map Symbols
-symbols used to represent air pressure
Watch This
• Air Pressure Systems/Coriolis Effect
Watch this
Pressure Systems
Lets put it all together
Pre-AP Weather Report Project
You will research the different weather symbols found on a weather map on
the following slide and create a script identifying all weather symbols,
location, and the type of weather that should be expected. This should be
written in a scripted format as if you were the weather reporter on live tv.
You will turn in 2 papers
-Organized Research of weather symbols
Must include following:
-Describe/Explain following symbols: Cold Fronts, Warm
Fronts, Stationary Fronts, High Pressure Systems, Low
Pressure Systems -25 points
-Draw the Symbol and a diagram for each showing the
movement of the air masses at the specific fronts and the
movement of air at each pressure system (color coding in
red and blue are very important here)- 25 points
-Explain the type of weather associated with each one of
the weather symbols being researched. (sunny,
thunderstorms, rainy/light showers, etc.) -25 points
-Weather Report Script- identify all weather symbols, locations, and the type
of weather that should be expected. -25 points
Convection Current
-the transfer of heat in a gas or fluid through
currents
-created by warm less dense water/air rising and
cold more dense water/air dropping.
The Sun drives all weather activity
and currents because of its uneven
heating of the Earth!!!
Ocean Currents
• Warm water near equator rises towards the
poles, and water near poles travels towards
equator.
Ocean Currents
Watch this
• Ocean Currents and Convections Current
Sea and Land Breeze
• Convection currents over areas where the
land meets the sea cause sea breezes and land
breezes.
Sea Breeze
• Sea breezes are created during the day
because solar radiation warms the land more
than the water.
• Air over the land is heated by conduction. This
heated air becomes less dense and is forced
upward by cooler denser air moving inland
from the ocean. A convection current results.
Land Breeze
• At night, the land cools much more rapidly than
the ocean water. Air over the land becomes
cooler than the air over the ocean.
• The cool, dense air from the land moves out over
the water, pushing the warm air over the water
upward.
Watch Land and Sea Breeze
Convection
Interactive Breeze
Air Pressure Quiz
1. Name the type of front moving across the U.S.
2. Name the type of air pressure system over El Paso.
3. What type of weather is associated with that type
of air pressure system?
4. Weather conditions that include sunshine and
clear skies describe which type of pressure
system.
Identify the type of breeze:
5. Warm air from the ocean rises and is replaced
with cool air coming in from the cooler land.
Bonus: Name type of front that is located in the
Northern U.S.
Winds and the Coriolis Effect
Convection Current
-the transfer of heat in a gas or fluid through
currents
-created by warm less dense water/air rising and
cold more dense water/air dropping.
The Sun drives all weather activity
and currents because of its uneven
heating of the Earth!!!
Coriolis Effect
A natural Phenomena that appears to deflect
items, such as wind, moving on or above the
earth's surface based on the rotation of the
earth.
Watch This
• Air Pressure Systems
• GLobal Winds
• Coriolis and Global Winds
Wind Patterns and Movement
• Wind blows from areas of high pressure
toward areas of low pressure.
If the high pressure area is very close to the low
pressure area, or if the pressure difference is
very great, the wind can blow very fast. = Jet
Streams
Trade Winds
encounters the coriolis
effect caused by the
rotation of the Earth. This
force causes the winds in
the Northern Hemisphere
to move from the east
towards the west below
the subtropical high, and
from the west towards
the east above the
subtropical high.
Westerlies
• Above the subtropical
highs in the Northern
Hemisphere, and below
the subtropical highs in
the Southern
Hemisphere, winds blow
from the west towards
the east. These winds
are thus called westerly
winds, after the
direction from where
the winds come.
Polar Easterlies
• The subpolar lows
generally cause the
winds above 60 °
latitude to move
from the east
towards the west.
We call these winds
the polar easterlies.
Formation of a Hurricane
Hurricanes 101
5 Steps to Make a Hurricane
El Nino
El Nino
El Nino: water in the Pacific Ocean near the
equator gets hotter than usual and affects the
atmosphere and weather around the world.
Occurs every 3-8 years
Cause of El Nino is unknown
Effects of El Nino
El Nino can cause catastrophic events in places not common to
experience them.
Ex: Where one place has excessive rain, hurricanes, somewhere on
opposite side of globe is experiencing a drought/dry weather.
Usually, El Niño brings more rain and higher temperatures in U.S.
El Niño may also bring warmer than normal winter temperatures to
the eastern part of the United States.
Drought in Indonesia and Australia.
El Nino causes nutrient rich cold water to stay further below
surface causing fish to travel further, causing a shortage of fishing.
La Nina
La Nina: water in the Pacific Ocean near the
equator gets colder than usual and affects the
atmosphere and weather around the world.
• Sometimes follows El Nino
El Nino and La Nina
NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EL NINO
Western Europe
Gulf Stream Western Europe
Gulf Stream
PAP Quiz #3
1. Name the type of front moving across the U.S.
2. What type of weather is associated with that
type of weather system?
3. Name type of front that is located in the
Northern U.S.
4. What type of weather is associated with that
type of pressure system nearest El Paso?
•
5.
Identify the type of front.
Bonus
Lottery Quiz #4
1. A weather system from the South Pacific
Ocean is moving over the United States. What
type of weather will it most likely bring?
A. Cold, dry weather
C. Warm, wet weather
B. Cold, wet weather
D. Warm, dry weather
2. When a cold weather system meets a warm
weather system, what will most likely occur?
A. The cold air will become dry.
B. The water in the air will evaporate.
C. The warm air will be forced to rise.
D. The weather in the area will stabilize.
3.
4.
5.
Bonus:
Barometer
-an instrument that
measures atmospheric
pressure
-nationally measured in
inches of Mercury
(29.92 in.Hg)
-internationally measured
in kilopascals
(101.35kPa)